Merge branch 'memory_api' into memory_api_action_chaining_const_ref

The generic FiniteSetMask uses first_value_from_mask, not first_mode_from_mask.
This aligns with the enum_mask_helper implementation.

esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """CLI interface for memory analysis with report generation."""
 
 from collections import defaultdict
+import json
 import sys
 
 from . import (
@@ -283,6 +284,28 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
 
         return "\n".join(lines)
 
+    def to_json(self) -> str:
+        """Export analysis results as JSON."""
+        data = {
+            "components": {
+                name: {
+                    "text": mem.text_size,
+                    "rodata": mem.rodata_size,
+                    "data": mem.data_size,
+                    "bss": mem.bss_size,
+                    "flash_total": mem.flash_total,
+                    "ram_total": mem.ram_total,
+                    "symbol_count": mem.symbol_count,
+                }
+                for name, mem in self.components.items()
+            },
+            "totals": {
+                "flash": sum(c.flash_total for c in self.components.values()),
+                "ram": sum(c.ram_total for c in self.components.values()),
+            },
+        }
+        return json.dumps(data, indent=2)
+
     def dump_uncategorized_symbols(self, output_file: str | None = None) -> None:
         """Dump uncategorized symbols for analysis."""
         # Sort by size descending

esphome/components/ags10/ags10.h

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AGS10NewI2cAddressAction : public Action<Ts...>,
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, new_address)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->new_i2c_address(this->new_address_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->new_i2c_address(this->new_address_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
 enum AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode {
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AGS10SetZeroPointAction : public Action<Ts...>, p
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, value)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode, mode)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     switch (this->mode_.value(x...)) {
       case FACTORY_DEFAULT:
         this->parent_->set_zero_point_with_factory_defaults();

esphome/components/aic3204/automation.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetAutoMuteAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, auto_mute_mode)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->aic3204_->set_auto_mute_mode(this->auto_mute_mode_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->aic3204_->set_auto_mute_mode(this->auto_mute_mode_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   AIC3204 *aic3204_;

esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/automation.h

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ArmAwayAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, code)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call();
     auto code = this->code_.optional_value(x...);
     if (code.has_value()) {
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ArmHomeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, code)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call();
     auto code = this->code_.optional_value(x...);
     if (code.has_value()) {
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ArmNightAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, code)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call();
     auto code = this->code_.optional_value(x...);
     if (code.has_value()) {
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisarmAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, code)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->disarm(this->code_.optional_value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->disarm(this->code_.optional_value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel_;
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PendingAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit PendingAction(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) : alarm_control_panel_(alarm_control_panel) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call().pending().perform(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call().pending().perform(); }
 
  protected:
   AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel_;
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TriggeredAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit TriggeredAction(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) : alarm_control_panel_(alarm_control_panel) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call().triggered().perform(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call().triggered().perform(); }
 
  protected:
   AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel_;
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TriggeredAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class AlarmControlPanelCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   AlarmControlPanelCondition(AlarmControlPanel *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override {
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override {
     return this->parent_->is_state_armed(this->parent_->get_state()) ||
            this->parent_->get_state() == ACP_STATE_PENDING || this->parent_->get_state() == ACP_STATE_TRIGGERED;
   }

esphome/components/animation/animation.h

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class Animation : public image::Image {
 template<typename... Ts> class AnimationNextFrameAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   AnimationNextFrameAction(Animation *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->next_frame(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->next_frame(); }
 
  protected:
   Animation *parent_;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AnimationNextFrameAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class AnimationPrevFrameAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   AnimationPrevFrameAction(Animation *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->prev_frame(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->prev_frame(); }
 
  protected:
   Animation *parent_;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AnimationSetFrameAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   AnimationSetFrameAction(Animation *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, frame)
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_frame(this->frame_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_frame(this->frame_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   Animation *parent_;

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ extern APIServer *global_api_server;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-cons
 
 template<typename... Ts> class APIConnectedCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return global_api_server->is_connected(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return global_api_server->is_connected(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
   Trigger<std::string, Ts...> *get_error_trigger() const { return this->error_trigger_; }
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     HomeassistantActionRequest resp;
     std::string service_value = this->service_.value(x...);
     resp.set_service(StringRef(service_value));

esphome/components/at581x/automation.h

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace at581x {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class AT581XResetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<AT581XComponent> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->reset_hardware_frontend(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->reset_hardware_frontend(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class AT581XSettingsAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<AT581XComponent> {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AT581XSettingsAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(int, trigger_keep)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(int, stage_gain)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     if (this->frequency_.has_value()) {
       int v = this->frequency_.value(x...);
       this->parent_->set_frequency(v);

esphome/components/audio_adc/automation.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetMicGainAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, mic_gain)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->audio_adc_->set_mic_gain(this->mic_gain_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->audio_adc_->set_mic_gain(this->mic_gain_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   AudioAdc *audio_adc_;

esphome/components/audio_dac/automation.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MuteOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit MuteOffAction(AudioDac *audio_dac) : audio_dac_(audio_dac) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_mute_off(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_mute_off(); }
 
  protected:
   AudioDac *audio_dac_;
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MuteOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit MuteOnAction(AudioDac *audio_dac) : audio_dac_(audio_dac) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_mute_on(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_mute_on(); }
 
  protected:
   AudioDac *audio_dac_;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetVolumeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, volume)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   AudioDac *audio_dac_;

esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.h

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class StateChangeTrigger : public Trigger<optional<bool>, optional<bool> > {
 template<typename... Ts> class BinarySensorCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   BinarySensorCondition(BinarySensor *parent, bool state) : parent_(parent), state_(state) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->state == this->state_; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->state == this->state_; }
 
  protected:
   BinarySensor *parent_;
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BinarySensorPublishAction : public Action<Ts...>
   explicit BinarySensorPublishAction(BinarySensor *sensor) : sensor_(sensor) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, state)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto val = this->state_.value(x...);
     this->sensor_->publish_state(val);
   }
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BinarySensorInvalidateAction : public Action<Ts..
  public:
   explicit BinarySensorInvalidateAction(BinarySensor *sensor) : sensor_(sensor) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->sensor_->invalidate_state(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->sensor_->invalidate_state(); }
 
  protected:
   BinarySensor *sensor_;

esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.h

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class BL0906 : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class ResetEnergyAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<BL0906> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->enqueue_action_(&BL0906::reset_energy_); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->enqueue_action_(&BL0906::reset_energy_); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace bl0906

esphome/components/ble_client/automation.h

@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
     this->has_simple_value_ = true;
   }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {}
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
 
-  void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
     this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
     auto value = this->has_simple_value_ ? this->value_.simple : this->value_.template_func(x...);
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientPasskeyReplyAction : public Action<Ts...
  public:
   BLEClientPasskeyReplyAction(BLEClient *ble_client) { parent_ = ble_client; }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     uint32_t passkey;
     if (has_simple_value_) {
       passkey = this->value_.simple;
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientNumericComparisonReplyAction : public Ac
  public:
   BLEClientNumericComparisonReplyAction(BLEClient *ble_client) { parent_ = ble_client; }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda;
     memcpy(remote_bda, parent_->get_remote_bda(), sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
     if (has_simple_value_) {
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientRemoveBondAction : public Action<Ts...>
  public:
   BLEClientRemoveBondAction(BLEClient *ble_client) { parent_ = ble_client; }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda;
     memcpy(remote_bda, parent_->get_remote_bda(), sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
     esp_ble_remove_bond_device(remote_bda);
@@ -334,9 +334,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientConnectAction : public Action<Ts...>, pu
   }
 
   // not used since we override play_complex_
-  void play(Ts... x) override {}
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
 
-  void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
     // it makes no sense to have multiple instances of this running at the same time.
     // this would occur only if the same automation was re-triggered while still
     // running. So just cancel the second chain if this is detected.
@@ -379,9 +379,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientDisconnectAction : public Action<Ts...>,
   }
 
   // not used since we override play_complex_
-  void play(Ts... x) override {}
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
 
-  void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
     if (this->node_state == espbt::ClientState::IDLE) {
       this->play_next_(x...);

esphome/components/button/automation.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PressAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit PressAction(Button *button) : button_(button) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->button_->press(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->button_->press(); }
 
  protected:
   Button *button_;

esphome/components/canbus/canbus.h

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CanbusSendAction : public Action<Ts...>, public P
     this->remote_transmission_request_ = remote_transmission_request;
   }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto can_id = this->can_id_.has_value() ? *this->can_id_ : this->parent_->can_id_;
     auto use_extended_id =
         this->use_extended_id_.has_value() ? *this->use_extended_id_ : this->parent_->use_extended_id_;

esphome/components/climate/automation.h

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ControlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, custom_preset)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(ClimateSwingMode, swing_mode)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->climate_->make_call();
     call.set_mode(this->mode_.optional_value(x...));
     call.set_target_temperature(this->target_temperature_.optional_value(x...));

esphome/components/cm1106/cm1106.h

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CM1106CalibrateZeroAction : public Action<Ts...>
  public:
   CM1106CalibrateZeroAction(CM1106Component *cm1106) : cm1106_(cm1106) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->cm1106_->calibrate_zero(400); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->cm1106_->calibrate_zero(400); }
 
  protected:
   CM1106Component *cm1106_;

esphome/components/cover/automation.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class OpenAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit OpenAction(Cover *cover) : cover_(cover) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->cover_->make_call().set_command_open().perform(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->cover_->make_call().set_command_open().perform(); }
 
  protected:
   Cover *cover_;
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CloseAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit CloseAction(Cover *cover) : cover_(cover) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->cover_->make_call().set_command_close().perform(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->cover_->make_call().set_command_close().perform(); }
 
  protected:
   Cover *cover_;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class StopAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit StopAction(Cover *cover) : cover_(cover) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->cover_->make_call().set_command_stop().perform(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->cover_->make_call().set_command_stop().perform(); }
 
  protected:
   Cover *cover_;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ToggleAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ToggleAction(Cover *cover) : cover_(cover) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->cover_->make_call().set_command_toggle().perform(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->cover_->make_call().set_command_toggle().perform(); }
 
  protected:
   Cover *cover_;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ControlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, position)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, tilt)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->cover_->make_call();
     if (this->stop_.has_value())
       call.set_stop(this->stop_.value(x...));
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CoverPublishAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, tilt)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(CoverOperation, current_operation)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     if (this->position_.has_value())
       this->cover_->position = this->position_.value(x...);
     if (this->tilt_.has_value())
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CoverPublishAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class CoverIsOpenCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   CoverIsOpenCondition(Cover *cover) : cover_(cover) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->cover_->is_fully_open(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->cover_->is_fully_open(); }
 
  protected:
   Cover *cover_;
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CoverIsOpenCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class CoverIsClosedCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   CoverIsClosedCondition(Cover *cover) : cover_(cover) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->cover_->is_fully_closed(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->cover_->is_fully_closed(); }
 
  protected:
   Cover *cover_;

esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.h

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CS5460ARestartAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   CS5460ARestartAction(CS5460AComponent *cs5460a) : cs5460a_(cs5460a) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { cs5460a_->restart(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { cs5460a_->restart(); }
 
  protected:
   CS5460AComponent *cs5460a_;

esphome/components/datetime/date_entity.h

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DateSetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Pare
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(ESPTime, date)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->parent_->make_call();
 
     if (this->date_.has_value()) {

esphome/components/datetime/datetime_entity.h

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DateTimeSetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(ESPTime, datetime)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->parent_->make_call();
 
     if (this->datetime_.has_value()) {

esphome/components/datetime/time_entity.h

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TimeSetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Pare
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(ESPTime, time)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->parent_->make_call();
 
     if (this->time_.has_value()) {

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_component.h

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EnterDeepSleepAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   void set_time(time::RealTimeClock *time) { this->time_ = time; }
 #endif
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     if (this->sleep_duration_.has_value()) {
       this->deep_sleep_->set_sleep_duration(this->sleep_duration_.value(x...));
     }
@@ -207,12 +207,12 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EnterDeepSleepAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PreventDeepSleepAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<DeepSleepComponent> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->prevent_deep_sleep(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->prevent_deep_sleep(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class AllowDeepSleepAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<DeepSleepComponent> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->allow_deep_sleep(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->allow_deep_sleep(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace deep_sleep

esphome/components/dfplayer/dfplayer.h

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class DFPlayer : public uart::UARTDevice, public Component {
   class ACTION_CLASS : /* NOLINT */ \
                        public Action<Ts...>, \
                        public Parented<DFPlayer> { \
-    void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->ACTION_METHOD(); } \
+    void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->ACTION_METHOD(); } \
   };
 
 DFPLAYER_SIMPLE_ACTION(NextAction, next)
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PlayMp3Action : public Action<Ts...>, public Pare
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, file)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto file = this->file_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->play_mp3(file);
   }
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PlayFileAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Par
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, file)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, loop)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto file = this->file_.value(x...);
     auto loop = this->loop_.value(x...);
     if (loop) {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PlayFolderAction : public Action<Ts...>, public P
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, file)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, loop)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto folder = this->folder_.value(x...);
     auto file = this->file_.value(x...);
     auto loop = this->loop_.value(x...);
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetDeviceAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Pa
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(Device, device)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto device = this->device_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->set_device(device);
   }
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetVolumeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Pa
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, volume)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto volume = this->volume_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->set_volume(volume);
   }
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetEqAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parent
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(EqPreset, eq)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto eq = this->eq_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->set_eq(eq);
   }
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ DFPLAYER_SIMPLE_ACTION(VolumeDownAction, volume_down)
 
 template<typename... Ts> class DFPlayerIsPlayingCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<DFPlayer> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->is_playing(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_playing(); }
 };
 
 class DFPlayerFinishedPlaybackTrigger : public Trigger<> {

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/automation.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace dfrobot_sen0395 {
 template<typename... Ts>
 class DfrobotSen0395ResetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<DfrobotSen0395Component> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->enqueue(make_unique<ResetSystemCommand>()); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->enqueue(make_unique<ResetSystemCommand>()); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts>
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class DfrobotSen0395SettingsAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Dfrob
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, det_min4)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, det_max4)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     this->parent_->enqueue(make_unique<PowerCommand>(0));
     if (this->factory_reset_.has_value() && this->factory_reset_.value(x...) == true) {
       this->parent_->enqueue(make_unique<FactoryResetCommand>());

esphome/components/display/display.h

@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisplayPageShowAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(DisplayPage *, page)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto *page = this->page_.value(x...);
     if (page != nullptr) {
       page->show();
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisplayPageShowNextAction : public Action<Ts...>
  public:
   DisplayPageShowNextAction(Display *buffer) : buffer_(buffer) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->buffer_->show_next_page(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->buffer_->show_next_page(); }
 
   Display *buffer_;
 };
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisplayPageShowPrevAction : public Action<Ts...>
  public:
   DisplayPageShowPrevAction(Display *buffer) : buffer_(buffer) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->buffer_->show_prev_page(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->buffer_->show_prev_page(); }
 
   Display *buffer_;
 };
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisplayIsDisplayingPageCondition : public Conditi
   DisplayIsDisplayingPageCondition(Display *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
   void set_page(DisplayPage *page) { this->page_ = page; }
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->get_active_page() == this->page_; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->get_active_page() == this->page_; }
 
  protected:
   Display *parent_;

esphome/components/display_menu_base/automation.h

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UpAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit UpAction(DisplayMenuComponent *menu) : menu_(menu) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->menu_->up(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->menu_->up(); }
 
  protected:
   DisplayMenuComponent *menu_;
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DownAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit DownAction(DisplayMenuComponent *menu) : menu_(menu) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->menu_->down(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->menu_->down(); }
 
  protected:
   DisplayMenuComponent *menu_;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class LeftAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit LeftAction(DisplayMenuComponent *menu) : menu_(menu) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->menu_->left(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->menu_->left(); }
 
  protected:
   DisplayMenuComponent *menu_;
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RightAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit RightAction(DisplayMenuComponent *menu) : menu_(menu) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->menu_->right(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->menu_->right(); }
 
  protected:
   DisplayMenuComponent *menu_;
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EnterAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit EnterAction(DisplayMenuComponent *menu) : menu_(menu) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->menu_->enter(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->menu_->enter(); }
 
  protected:
   DisplayMenuComponent *menu_;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ShowAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ShowAction(DisplayMenuComponent *menu) : menu_(menu) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->menu_->show(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->menu_->show(); }
 
  protected:
   DisplayMenuComponent *menu_;
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HideAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit HideAction(DisplayMenuComponent *menu) : menu_(menu) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->menu_->hide(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->menu_->hide(); }
 
  protected:
   DisplayMenuComponent *menu_;
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ShowMainAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ShowMainAction(DisplayMenuComponent *menu) : menu_(menu) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->menu_->show_main(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->menu_->show_main(); }
 
  protected:
   DisplayMenuComponent *menu_;
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ShowMainAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class IsActiveCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit IsActiveCondition(DisplayMenuComponent *menu) : menu_(menu) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->menu_->is_active(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->menu_->is_active(); }
 
  protected:
   DisplayMenuComponent *menu_;

esphome/components/ds1307/ds1307.h

@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ class DS1307Component : public time::RealTimeClock, public i2c::I2CDevice {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class WriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<DS1307Component> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->write_time(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->write_time(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class ReadAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<DS1307Component> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->read_time(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->read_time(); }
 };
 }  // namespace ds1307
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/duty_time/duty_time_sensor.h

@@ -51,15 +51,15 @@ class DutyTimeSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent {
 template<typename... Ts> class BaseAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<DutyTimeSensor> {};
 
 template<typename... Ts> class StartAction : public BaseAction<Ts...> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->start(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->start(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class StopAction : public BaseAction<Ts...> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class ResetAction : public BaseAction<Ts...> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->reset(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->reset(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class RunningCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<DutyTimeSensor> {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RunningCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, publi
   explicit RunningCondition(DutyTimeSensor *parent, bool state) : Parented(parent), state_(state) {}
 
  protected:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->is_running() == this->state_; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_running() == this->state_; }
   bool state_;
 };
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h

@@ -215,17 +215,17 @@ extern ESP32BLE *global_ble;
 
 template<typename... Ts> class BLEEnabledCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return global_ble->is_active(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return global_ble->is_active(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class BLEEnableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { global_ble->enable(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { global_ble->enable(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class BLEDisableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { global_ble->disable(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { global_ble->disable(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::esp32_ble

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp

@@ -389,8 +389,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       if (this->conn_id_ != param->search_res.conn_id)
         return false;
       this->service_count_++;
-      if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE ||
-          this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
+      if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) {
         // V3 clients don't need services initialized since
         // as they use the ESP APIs to get services.
         break;

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server_automations.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@ Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_characteristic_on_w
   Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *on_write_trigger =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
       new Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>();
   characteristic->on_write([on_write_trigger](std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t id) {
-    // Convert span to vector for trigger
+    // Convert span to vector for trigger - copy is necessary because:
+    // 1. Trigger stores the data for use in automation actions that execute later
+    // 2. The span is only valid during this callback (points to temporary BLE stack data)
+    // 3. User lambdas in automations need persistent data they can access asynchronously
     on_write_trigger->trigger(std::vector<uint8_t>(data.begin(), data.end()), id);
   });
   return on_write_trigger;
@@ -27,7 +30,10 @@ Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_descriptor_on_write
   Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *on_write_trigger =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
       new Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>();
   descriptor->on_write([on_write_trigger](std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t id) {
-    // Convert span to vector for trigger
+    // Convert span to vector for trigger - copy is necessary because:
+    // 1. Trigger stores the data for use in automation actions that execute later
+    // 2. The span is only valid during this callback (points to temporary BLE stack data)
+    // 3. User lambdas in automations need persistent data they can access asynchronously
     on_write_trigger->trigger(std::vector<uint8_t>(data.begin(), data.end()), id);
   });
   return on_write_trigger;

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server_automations.h

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLECharacteristicSetValueAction : public Action<T
   BLECharacteristicSetValueAction(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) : parent_(characteristic) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::vector<uint8_t>, buffer)
   void set_buffer(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_buffer(buffer.get_data()); }
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     // If the listener is already set, do nothing
     if (BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager::get_instance()->has_listener(this->parent_))
       return;
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLECharacteristicSetValueAction : public Action<T
 template<typename... Ts> class BLECharacteristicNotifyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   BLECharacteristicNotifyAction(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) : parent_(characteristic) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER_SET_VALUE_ACTION
     // Call the pre-notify event
     BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager::get_instance()->emit_pre_notify(this->parent_);
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEDescriptorSetValueAction : public Action<Ts...
   BLEDescriptorSetValueAction(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) : parent_(descriptor) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::vector<uint8_t>, buffer)
   void set_buffer(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_buffer(buffer.get_data()); }
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_value(this->buffer_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_value(this->buffer_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   BLEDescriptor *parent_;

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/automation.h

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ESP32BLEStartScanAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   ESP32BLEStartScanAction(ESP32BLETracker *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, continuous)
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->set_scan_continuous(this->continuous_.value(x...));
     this->parent_->start_scan();
   }
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ESP32BLEStartScanAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class ESP32BLEStopScanAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<ESP32BLETracker> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->stop_scan(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop_scan(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::esp32_ble_tracker

esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/esp8266_pwm.h

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetFrequencyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   SetFrequencyAction(ESP8266PWM *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, frequency);
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     float freq = this->frequency_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->update_frequency(freq);
   }

esphome/components/esp_ldo/esp_ldo.h

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AdjustAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, voltage)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ldo_->adjust_voltage(this->voltage_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ldo_->adjust_voltage(this->voltage_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   EspLdo *ldo_;

esphome/components/espnow/automation.h

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SendAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parente
   void set_wait_for_sent(bool wait_for_sent) { this->flags_.wait_for_sent = wait_for_sent; }
   void set_continue_on_error(bool continue_on_error) { this->flags_.continue_on_error = continue_on_error; }
 
-  void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
     send_callback_t send_callback = [this, x...](esp_err_t status) {
       if (status == ESP_OK) {
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SendAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parente
     }
   }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { /* ignore - see play_complex */
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { /* ignore - see play_complex */
   }
 
   void stop() override {
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AddPeerAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Pare
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(peer_address_t, address);
 
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     peer_address_t address = this->address_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->add_peer(address.data());
   }
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DeletePeerAction : public Action<Ts...>, public P
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(peer_address_t, address);
 
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     peer_address_t address = this->address_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->del_peer(address.data());
   }
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DeletePeerAction : public Action<Ts...>, public P
 template<typename... Ts> class SetChannelAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<ESPNowComponent> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, channel)
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     if (this->parent_->is_wifi_enabled()) {
       return;
     }

esphome/components/event/automation.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TriggerEventAction : public Action<Ts...>, public
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, event_type)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->trigger(this->event_type_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->trigger(this->event_type_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
 class EventTrigger : public Trigger<std::string> {

esphome/components/ezo/automation.h

@@ -17,35 +17,35 @@ class LedTrigger : public Trigger<bool> {
 class CustomTrigger : public Trigger<std::string> {
  public:
   explicit CustomTrigger(EZOSensor *ezo) {
-    ezo->add_custom_callback([this](std::string value) { this->trigger(std::move(value)); });
+    ezo->add_custom_callback([this](const std::string &value) { this->trigger(value); });
   }
 };
 
 class TTrigger : public Trigger<std::string> {
  public:
   explicit TTrigger(EZOSensor *ezo) {
-    ezo->add_t_callback([this](std::string value) { this->trigger(std::move(value)); });
+    ezo->add_t_callback([this](const std::string &value) { this->trigger(value); });
   }
 };
 
 class CalibrationTrigger : public Trigger<std::string> {
  public:
   explicit CalibrationTrigger(EZOSensor *ezo) {
-    ezo->add_calibration_callback([this](std::string value) { this->trigger(std::move(value)); });
+    ezo->add_calibration_callback([this](const std::string &value) { this->trigger(value); });
   }
 };
 
 class SlopeTrigger : public Trigger<std::string> {
  public:
   explicit SlopeTrigger(EZOSensor *ezo) {
-    ezo->add_slope_callback([this](std::string value) { this->trigger(std::move(value)); });
+    ezo->add_slope_callback([this](const std::string &value) { this->trigger(value); });
   }
 };
 
 class DeviceInformationTrigger : public Trigger<std::string> {
  public:
   explicit DeviceInformationTrigger(EZOSensor *ezo) {
-    ezo->add_device_infomation_callback([this](std::string value) { this->trigger(std::move(value)); });
+    ezo->add_device_infomation_callback([this](const std::string &value) { this->trigger(value); });
   }
 };
 

esphome/components/ezo_pmp/ezo_pmp.h

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPFindAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   EzoPMPFindAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ezopmp_->find(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ezopmp_->find(); }
 
  protected:
   EzoPMP *ezopmp_;
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPDoseContinuouslyAction : public Action<Ts..
  public:
   EzoPMPDoseContinuouslyAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ezopmp_->dose_continuously(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ezopmp_->dose_continuously(); }
 
  protected:
   EzoPMP *ezopmp_;
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPDoseVolumeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   EzoPMPDoseVolumeAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ezopmp_->dose_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ezopmp_->dose_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)); }
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(double, volume)
 
  protected:
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPDoseVolumeOverTimeAction : public Action<Ts
  public:
   EzoPMPDoseVolumeOverTimeAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->ezopmp_->dose_volume_over_time(this->volume_.value(x...), this->duration_.value(x...));
   }
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(double, volume)
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPDoseWithConstantFlowRateAction : public Act
  public:
   EzoPMPDoseWithConstantFlowRateAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->ezopmp_->dose_with_constant_flow_rate(this->volume_.value(x...), this->duration_.value(x...));
   }
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(double, volume)
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPSetCalibrationVolumeAction : public Action<
  public:
   EzoPMPSetCalibrationVolumeAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ezopmp_->set_calibration_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ezopmp_->set_calibration_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)); }
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(double, volume)
 
  protected:
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPClearTotalVolumeDispensedAction : public Ac
  public:
   EzoPMPClearTotalVolumeDispensedAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ezopmp_->clear_total_volume_dosed(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ezopmp_->clear_total_volume_dosed(); }
 
  protected:
   EzoPMP *ezopmp_;
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPClearCalibrationAction : public Action<Ts..
  public:
   EzoPMPClearCalibrationAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ezopmp_->clear_calibration(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ezopmp_->clear_calibration(); }
 
  protected:
   EzoPMP *ezopmp_;
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPPauseDosingAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   EzoPMPPauseDosingAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ezopmp_->pause_dosing(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ezopmp_->pause_dosing(); }
 
  protected:
   EzoPMP *ezopmp_;
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPStopDosingAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   EzoPMPStopDosingAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ezopmp_->stop_dosing(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ezopmp_->stop_dosing(); }
 
  protected:
   EzoPMP *ezopmp_;
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPChangeI2CAddressAction : public Action<Ts..
  public:
   EzoPMPChangeI2CAddressAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ezopmp_->change_i2c_address(this->address_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ezopmp_->change_i2c_address(this->address_.value(x...)); }
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(int, address)
 
  protected:
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EzoPMPArbitraryCommandAction : public Action<Ts..
  public:
   EzoPMPArbitraryCommandAction(EzoPMP *ezopmp) : ezopmp_(ezopmp) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ezopmp_->exec_arbitrary_command(this->command_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ezopmp_->exec_arbitrary_command(this->command_.value(x...)); }
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, command)
 
  protected:

esphome/components/fan/automation.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TurnOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(int, speed)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(FanDirection, direction)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->state_->turn_on();
     if (this->oscillating_.has_value()) {
       call.set_oscillating(this->oscillating_.value(x...));
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TurnOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit TurnOffAction(Fan *state) : state_(state) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->state_->turn_off().perform(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->state_->turn_off().perform(); }
 
   Fan *state_;
 };
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ToggleAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ToggleAction(Fan *state) : state_(state) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->state_->toggle().perform(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->state_->toggle().perform(); }
 
   Fan *state_;
 };
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CycleSpeedAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, no_off_cycle)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     // check to see if fan supports speeds and is on
     if (this->state_->get_traits().supported_speed_count()) {
       if (this->state_->state) {
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class CycleSpeedAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class FanIsOnCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit FanIsOnCondition(Fan *state) : state_(state) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->state_->state; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->state_->state; }
 
  protected:
   Fan *state_;
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class FanIsOnCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class FanIsOffCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit FanIsOffCondition(Fan *state) : state_(state) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return !this->state_->state; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return !this->state_->state; }
 
  protected:
   Fan *state_;

esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.h

@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EnrollmentAction : public Action<Ts...>, public P
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, finger_id)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, num_scans)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto finger_id = this->finger_id_.value(x...);
     auto num_scans = this->num_scans_.value(x...);
     if (num_scans) {
@@ -287,14 +287,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EnrollmentAction : public Action<Ts...>, public P
 template<typename... Ts>
 class CancelEnrollmentAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<FingerprintGrowComponent> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->finish_enrollment(1); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->finish_enrollment(1); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class DeleteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<FingerprintGrowComponent> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, finger_id)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto finger_id = this->finger_id_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->delete_fingerprint(finger_id);
   }
@@ -302,14 +302,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DeleteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Paren
 
 template<typename... Ts> class DeleteAllAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<FingerprintGrowComponent> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->delete_all_fingerprints(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->delete_all_fingerprints(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class LEDControlAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<FingerprintGrowComponent> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, state)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto state = this->state_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->led_control(state);
   }
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AuraLEDControlAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, color)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, count)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto state = this->state_.value(x...);
     auto speed = this->speed_.value(x...);
     auto color = this->color_.value(x...);

esphome/components/globals/globals_component.h

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ template<class C, typename... Ts> class GlobalVarSetAction : public Action<Ts...
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(T, value);
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->value() = this->value_.value(x...); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->value() = this->value_.value(x...); }
 
  protected:
   C *parent_;

esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/grove_tb6612fng.h

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class GROVETB6612FNGMotorRunAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Grove
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, channel)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, speed)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto channel = this->channel_.value(x...);
     auto speed = this->speed_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->dc_motor_run(channel, speed);
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class GROVETB6612FNGMotorBrakeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Gro
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, channel)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->dc_motor_brake(this->channel_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->dc_motor_brake(this->channel_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts>
@@ -188,19 +188,19 @@ class GROVETB6612FNGMotorStopAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Grov
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, channel)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->dc_motor_stop(this->channel_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->dc_motor_stop(this->channel_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts>
 class GROVETB6612FNGMotorStandbyAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<GroveMotorDriveTB6612FNG> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->standby(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->standby(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts>
 class GROVETB6612FNGMotorNoStandbyAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<GroveMotorDriveTB6612FNG> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->not_standby(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->not_standby(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts>
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class GROVETB6612FNGMotorChangeAddressAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Pare
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, address)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_i2c_addr(this->address_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_i2c_addr(this->address_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace grove_tb6612fng

esphome/components/haier/automation.h

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace haier {
 template<typename... Ts> class DisplayOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   DisplayOnAction(HaierClimateBase *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->set_display_state(true); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->set_display_state(true); }
 
  protected:
   HaierClimateBase *parent_;
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisplayOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class DisplayOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   DisplayOffAction(HaierClimateBase *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->set_display_state(false); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->set_display_state(false); }
 
  protected:
   HaierClimateBase *parent_;
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisplayOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class BeeperOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   BeeperOnAction(HonClimate *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->set_beeper_state(true); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->set_beeper_state(true); }
 
  protected:
   HonClimate *parent_;
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BeeperOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class BeeperOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   BeeperOffAction(HonClimate *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->set_beeper_state(false); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->set_beeper_state(false); }
 
  protected:
   HonClimate *parent_;
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class VerticalAirflowAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   VerticalAirflowAction(HonClimate *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(hon_protocol::VerticalSwingMode, direction)
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->set_vertical_airflow(this->direction_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->set_vertical_airflow(this->direction_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   HonClimate *parent_;
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HorizontalAirflowAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   HorizontalAirflowAction(HonClimate *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(hon_protocol::HorizontalSwingMode, direction)
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->set_horizontal_airflow(this->direction_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->set_horizontal_airflow(this->direction_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   HonClimate *parent_;
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HorizontalAirflowAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class HealthOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   HealthOnAction(HaierClimateBase *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->set_health_mode(true); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->set_health_mode(true); }
 
  protected:
   HaierClimateBase *parent_;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HealthOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class HealthOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   HealthOffAction(HaierClimateBase *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->set_health_mode(false); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->set_health_mode(false); }
 
  protected:
   HaierClimateBase *parent_;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HealthOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class StartSelfCleaningAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   StartSelfCleaningAction(HonClimate *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->start_self_cleaning(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->start_self_cleaning(); }
 
  protected:
   HonClimate *parent_;
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class StartSelfCleaningAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class StartSteriCleaningAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   StartSteriCleaningAction(HonClimate *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->start_steri_cleaning(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->start_steri_cleaning(); }
 
  protected:
   HonClimate *parent_;
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class StartSteriCleaningAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class PowerOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   PowerOnAction(HaierClimateBase *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->send_power_on_command(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->send_power_on_command(); }
 
  protected:
   HaierClimateBase *parent_;
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PowerOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class PowerOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   PowerOffAction(HaierClimateBase *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->send_power_off_command(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->send_power_off_command(); }
 
  protected:
   HaierClimateBase *parent_;
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PowerOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class PowerToggleAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   PowerToggleAction(HaierClimateBase *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->toggle_power(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->toggle_power(); }
 
  protected:
   HaierClimateBase *parent_;

esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.h

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BrakeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit BrakeAction(HBridgeFan *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->brake(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->brake(); }
 
   HBridgeFan *parent_;
 };

esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h

@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ class HttpContainer : public Parented<HttpRequestComponent> {
 
 class HttpRequestResponseTrigger : public Trigger<std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer>, std::string &> {
  public:
-  void process(std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> container, std::string &response_body) {
-    this->trigger(std::move(container), response_body);
+  void process(const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container, std::string &response_body) {
+    this->trigger(container, response_body);
   }
 };
 
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HttpRequestSendAction : public Action<Ts...> {
     this->max_response_buffer_size_ = max_response_buffer_size;
   }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     std::string body;
     if (this->body_.has_value()) {
       body = this->body_.value(x...);

esphome/components/http_request/ota/automation.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class OtaHttpRequestComponentFlashAction : public Actio
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, url)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, username)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     if (this->md5_url_.has_value()) {
       this->parent_->set_md5_url(this->md5_url_.value(x...));
     }

esphome/components/htu21d/htu21d.h

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetHeaterLevelAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, level)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto level = this->level_.value(x...);
 
     this->parent_->set_heater_level(level);
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetHeaterAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Pa
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, status)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto status = this->status_.value(x...);
 
     this->parent_->set_heater(status);

esphome/components/integration/integration_sensor.h

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ResetAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ResetAction(IntegrationSensor *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->reset(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->reset(); }
 
  protected:
   IntegrationSensor *parent_;

esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.h

@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ class KeyCollector : public Component {
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class EnableAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<KeyCollector> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_enabled(true); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_enabled(true); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class DisableAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<KeyCollector> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_enabled(false); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_enabled(false); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace key_collector

esphome/components/ld2410/automation.h

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BluetoothPasswordSetAction : public Action<Ts...>
   explicit BluetoothPasswordSetAction(LD2410Component *ld2410_comp) : ld2410_comp_(ld2410_comp) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, password)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->ld2410_comp_->set_bluetooth_password(this->password_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->ld2410_comp_->set_bluetooth_password(this->password_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   LD2410Component *ld2410_comp_;

esphome/components/ledc/ledc_output.h

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetFrequencyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   SetFrequencyAction(LEDCOutput *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, frequency);
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     float freq = this->frequency_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->update_frequency(freq);
   }

esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/libretiny_pwm.h

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetFrequencyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   SetFrequencyAction(LibreTinyPWM *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, frequency);
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     float freq = this->frequency_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->update_frequency(freq);
   }

esphome/components/light/automation.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ToggleAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, transition_length)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->state_->toggle();
     call.set_transition_length(this->transition_length_.optional_value(x...));
     call.perform();
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class LightControlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, warm_white)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, effect)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->parent_->make_call();
     call.set_color_mode(this->color_mode_.optional_value(x...));
     call.set_state(this->state_.optional_value(x...));
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DimRelativeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, relative_brightness)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, transition_length)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->parent_->make_call();
     float rel = this->relative_brightness_.value(x...);
     float cur;
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DimRelativeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class LightIsOnCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit LightIsOnCondition(LightState *state) : state_(state) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->state_->current_values.is_on(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->state_->current_values.is_on(); }
 
  protected:
   LightState *state_;
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class LightIsOnCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class LightIsOffCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit LightIsOffCondition(LightState *state) : state_(state) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return !this->state_->current_values.is_on(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return !this->state_->current_values.is_on(); }
 
  protected:
   LightState *state_;
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AddressableSet : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, blue)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, white)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto *out = (AddressableLight *) this->parent_->get_output();
     int32_t range_from = interpret_index(this->range_from_.value_or(x..., 0), out->size());
     if (range_from < 0 || range_from >= out->size())

esphome/components/lightwaverf/lightwaverf.h

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SendRawAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   void set_pulse_length(const int &data) { pulse_length_ = data; }
   void set_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) { code_ = data; }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     int repeats = this->repeat_.value(x...);
     int inverted = this->inverted_.value(x...);
     int pulse_length = this->pulse_length_.value(x...);

esphome/components/lock/automation.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class LockAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit LockAction(Lock *a_lock) : lock_(a_lock) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->lock_->lock(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->lock_->lock(); }
 
  protected:
   Lock *lock_;
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UnlockAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit UnlockAction(Lock *a_lock) : lock_(a_lock) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->lock_->unlock(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->lock_->unlock(); }
 
  protected:
   Lock *lock_;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class OpenAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit OpenAction(Lock *a_lock) : lock_(a_lock) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->lock_->open(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->lock_->open(); }
 
  protected:
   Lock *lock_;
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class OpenAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class LockCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   LockCondition(Lock *parent, bool state) : parent_(parent), state_(state) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override {
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto check_state = this->state_ ? LockState::LOCK_STATE_LOCKED : LockState::LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED;
     return this->parent_->state == check_state;
   }

esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h

@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ObjUpdateAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ObjUpdateAction(std::function<void(Ts...)> &&lamb) : lamb_(std::move(lamb)) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->lamb_(x...); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->lamb_(x...); }
 
  protected:
   std::function<void(Ts...)> lamb_;
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ class IdleTrigger : public Trigger<> {
 template<typename... Ts> class LvglAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<LvglComponent> {
  public:
   explicit LvglAction(std::function<void(LvglComponent *)> &&lamb) : action_(std::move(lamb)) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->action_(this->parent_); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->action_(this->parent_); }
 
  protected:
   std::function<void(LvglComponent *)> action_{};
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class LvglAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parente
 template<typename Tc, typename... Ts> class LvglCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Tc> {
  public:
   LvglCondition(std::function<bool(Tc *)> &&condition_lambda) : condition_lambda_(std::move(condition_lambda)) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->condition_lambda_(this->parent_); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->condition_lambda_(this->parent_); }
 
  protected:
   std::function<bool(Tc *)> condition_lambda_{};

esphome/components/max17043/automation.h

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SleepAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit SleepAction(MAX17043Component *max17043) : max17043_(max17043) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->max17043_->sleep_mode(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->max17043_->sleep_mode(); }
 
  protected:
   MAX17043Component *max17043_;

esphome/components/max6956/automation.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetCurrentGlobalAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, brightness_global)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->max6956_->set_brightness_global(this->brightness_global_.value(x...));
     this->max6956_->write_brightness_global();
   }
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetCurrentModeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(max6956::MAX6956CURRENTMODE, brightness_mode)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->max6956_->set_brightness_mode(this->brightness_mode_.value(x...));
     this->max6956_->write_brightness_mode();
   }

esphome/components/max7219digit/automation.h

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisplayInvertAction : public Action<Ts...>, publi
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, state)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     bool state = this->state_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->invert_on_off(state);
   }
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisplayVisibilityAction : public Action<Ts...>, p
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, state)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     bool state = this->state_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->turn_on_off(state);
   }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisplayReverseAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, state)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     bool state = this->state_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->set_reverse(state);
   }
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisplayIntensityAction : public Action<Ts...>, pu
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, state)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     uint8_t state = this->state_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->set_intensity(state);
   }

esphome/components/media_player/automation.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ template<MediaPlayerCommand Command, typename... Ts>
 class MediaPlayerCommandAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, announcement);
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->make_call().set_command(Command).set_announcement(this->announcement_.value(x...)).perform();
   }
 };
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ using TurnOffAction = MediaPlayerCommandAction<MediaPlayerCommand::MEDIA_PLAYER_
 template<typename... Ts> class PlayMediaAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, media_url)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, announcement)
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->make_call()
         .set_media_url(this->media_url_.value(x...))
         .set_announcement(this->announcement_.value(x...))
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PlayMediaAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Pa
 
 template<typename... Ts> class VolumeSetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, volume)
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->make_call().set_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)).perform(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->make_call().set_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)).perform(); }
 };
 
 class StateTrigger : public Trigger<> {
@@ -75,32 +75,34 @@ using OffTrigger = MediaPlayerStateTrigger<MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_
 
 template<typename... Ts> class IsIdleCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_IDLE; }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class IsPlayingCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PLAYING; }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class IsPausedCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_PAUSED; }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class IsAnnouncingCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ANNOUNCING; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override {
+    return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ANNOUNCING;
+  }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class IsOnCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ON; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_ON; }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class IsOffCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<MediaPlayer> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF; }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->state == MediaPlayerState::MEDIA_PLAYER_STATE_OFF; }
 };
 
 }  // namespace media_player

esphome/components/mhz19/mhz19.h

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction(MHZ19Component *mhz19) : mhz19_(mhz19) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->mhz19_->calibrate_zero(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->mhz19_->calibrate_zero(); }
 
  protected:
   MHZ19Component *mhz19_;
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19ABCEnableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   MHZ19ABCEnableAction(MHZ19Component *mhz19) : mhz19_(mhz19) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->mhz19_->abc_enable(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->mhz19_->abc_enable(); }
 
  protected:
   MHZ19Component *mhz19_;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19ABCDisableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   MHZ19ABCDisableAction(MHZ19Component *mhz19) : mhz19_(mhz19) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->mhz19_->abc_disable(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->mhz19_->abc_disable(); }
 
  protected:
   MHZ19Component *mhz19_;

esphome/components/micro_wake_word/automation.h

@@ -9,23 +9,23 @@ namespace micro_wake_word {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class StartAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MicroWakeWord> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->start(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->start(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class StopAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MicroWakeWord> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class IsRunningCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<MicroWakeWord> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->is_running(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_running(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class EnableModelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit EnableModelAction(WakeWordModel *wake_word_model) : wake_word_model_(wake_word_model) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->wake_word_model_->enable(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->wake_word_model_->enable(); }
 
  protected:
   WakeWordModel *wake_word_model_;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class EnableModelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class DisableModelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit DisableModelAction(WakeWordModel *wake_word_model) : wake_word_model_(wake_word_model) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->wake_word_model_->disable(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->wake_word_model_->disable(); }
 
  protected:
   WakeWordModel *wake_word_model_;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisableModelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class ModelIsEnabledCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit ModelIsEnabledCondition(WakeWordModel *wake_word_model) : wake_word_model_(wake_word_model) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->wake_word_model_->is_enabled(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->wake_word_model_->is_enabled(); }
 
  protected:
   WakeWordModel *wake_word_model_;

esphome/components/microphone/automation.h

@@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace microphone {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class CaptureAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->start(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->start(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class StopCaptureAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class MuteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_mute_state(true); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mute_state(true); }
 };
 template<typename... Ts> class UnmuteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_mute_state(false); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_mute_state(false); }
 };
 
 class DataTrigger : public Trigger<const std::vector<uint8_t> &> {
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ class DataTrigger : public Trigger<const std::vector<uint8_t> &> {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class IsCapturingCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->is_running(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_running(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class IsMutedCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Microphone> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->get_mute_state(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->get_mute_state(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace microphone

esphome/components/midea/ac_automations.h

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class FollowMeAction : public MideaActionBase<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, use_fahrenheit)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, beeper)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->do_follow_me(this->temperature_.value(x...), this->use_fahrenheit_.value(x...),
                                 this->beeper_.value(x...));
   }
@@ -30,37 +30,37 @@ template<typename... Ts> class FollowMeAction : public MideaActionBase<Ts...> {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SwingStepAction : public MideaActionBase<Ts...> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->do_swing_step(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->do_swing_step(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class DisplayToggleAction : public MideaActionBase<Ts...> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->do_display_toggle(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->do_display_toggle(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class BeeperOnAction : public MideaActionBase<Ts...> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->do_beeper_on(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->do_beeper_on(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class BeeperOffAction : public MideaActionBase<Ts...> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->do_beeper_off(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->do_beeper_off(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PowerOnAction : public MideaActionBase<Ts...> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->do_power_on(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->do_power_on(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PowerOffAction : public MideaActionBase<Ts...> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->do_power_off(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->do_power_off(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PowerToggleAction : public MideaActionBase<Ts...> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->do_power_toggle(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->do_power_toggle(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace ac

esphome/components/mixer/speaker/automation.h

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace mixer_speaker {
 template<typename... Ts> class DuckingApplyAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SourceSpeaker> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, decibel_reduction)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, duration)
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->apply_ducking(this->decibel_reduction_.value(x...), this->duration_.value(x...));
   }
 };

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.h

@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MQTTPublishAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, qos)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, retain)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->publish(this->topic_.value(x...), this->payload_.value(x...), this->qos_.value(x...),
                            this->retain_.value(x...));
   }
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MQTTPublishJsonAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   void set_payload(std::function<void(Ts..., JsonObject)> payload) { this->payload_ = payload; }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto f = std::bind(&MQTTPublishJsonAction<Ts...>::encode_, this, x..., std::placeholders::_1);
     auto topic = this->topic_.value(x...);
     auto qos = this->qos_.value(x...);
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MQTTPublishJsonAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class MQTTConnectedCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   MQTTConnectedCondition(MQTTClientComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->is_connected(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_connected(); }
 
  protected:
   MQTTClientComponent *parent_;
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MQTTEnableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   MQTTEnableAction(MQTTClientComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->enable(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->enable(); }
 
  protected:
   MQTTClientComponent *parent_;
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MQTTDisableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   MQTTDisableAction(MQTTClientComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->disable(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->disable(); }
 
  protected:
   MQTTClientComponent *parent_;

esphome/components/nau7802/nau7802.h

@@ -101,18 +101,18 @@ class NAU7802Sensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c
 template<typename... Ts>
 class NAU7802CalbrateExternalOffsetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<NAU7802Sensor> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->calibrate_external_offset(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->calibrate_external_offset(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts>
 class NAU7802CalbrateInternalOffsetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<NAU7802Sensor> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->calibrate_internal_offset(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->calibrate_internal_offset(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class NAU7802CalbrateGainAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<NAU7802Sensor> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->calibrate_gain(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->calibrate_gain(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace nau7802

esphome/components/nextion/automation.h

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class NextionSetBrightnessAction : public Action<Ts...>
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, brightness)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->component_->set_brightness(this->brightness_.value(x...));
     this->component_->set_backlight_brightness(this->brightness_.value(x...));
   }
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class NextionPublishFloatAction : public Action<Ts...>
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, publish_state)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, send_to_nextion)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->component_->set_state(this->state_.value(x...), this->publish_state_.value(x...),
                                 this->send_to_nextion_.value(x...));
   }
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class NextionPublishTextAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, publish_state)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, send_to_nextion)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->component_->set_state(this->state_.value(x...), this->publish_state_.value(x...),
                                 this->send_to_nextion_.value(x...));
   }
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class NextionPublishBoolAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, publish_state)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, send_to_nextion)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->component_->set_state(this->state_.value(x...), this->publish_state_.value(x...),
                                 this->send_to_nextion_.value(x...));
   }

esphome/components/number/automation.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class NumberSetAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   NumberSetAction(Number *number) : number_(number) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, value)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->number_->make_call();
     call.set_value(this->value_.value(x...));
     call.perform();
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class NumberOperationAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(NumberOperation, operation)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, cycle)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->number_->make_call();
     call.with_operation(this->operation_.value(x...));
     if (this->cycle_.has_value()) {
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class NumberInRangeCondition : public Condition<Ts...>
 
   void set_min(float min) { this->min_ = min; }
   void set_max(float max) { this->max_ = max; }
-  bool check(Ts... x) override {
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override {
     const float state = this->parent_->state;
     if (std::isnan(this->min_)) {
       return state <= this->max_;

esphome/components/online_image/online_image.h

@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class OnlineImageSetUrlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   OnlineImageSetUrlAction(OnlineImage *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, url)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, update)
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->set_url(this->url_.value(x...));
     if (this->update_.value(x...)) {
       this->parent_->update();
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class OnlineImageSetUrlAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class OnlineImageReleaseAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   OnlineImageReleaseAction(OnlineImage *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->release(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->release(); }
 
  protected:
   OnlineImage *parent_;

esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py

@@ -161,9 +161,6 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("USE_OPENTHREAD")
 
-    # OpenThread uses esp_vfs_eventfd which requires VFS select support
-    require_vfs_select()
-
     # OpenThread SRP needs access to mDNS services after setup
     enable_mdns_storage()
 

esphome/components/output/automation.h

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TurnOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   TurnOffAction(BinaryOutput *output) : output_(output) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->output_->turn_off(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->output_->turn_off(); }
 
  protected:
   BinaryOutput *output_;
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TurnOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   TurnOnAction(BinaryOutput *output) : output_(output) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->output_->turn_on(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->output_->turn_on(); }
 
  protected:
   BinaryOutput *output_;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetLevelAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, level)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->output_->set_level(this->level_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->output_->set_level(this->level_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   FloatOutput *output_;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetMinPowerAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, min_power)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->output_->set_min_power(this->min_power_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->output_->set_min_power(this->min_power_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   FloatOutput *output_;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetMaxPowerAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, max_power)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->output_->set_max_power(this->max_power_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->output_->set_max_power(this->max_power_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   FloatOutput *output_;

esphome/components/pcf85063/pcf85063.h

@@ -85,12 +85,12 @@ class PCF85063Component : public time::RealTimeClock, public i2c::I2CDevice {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class WriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PCF85063Component> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->write_time(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->write_time(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class ReadAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PCF85063Component> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->read_time(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->read_time(); }
 };
 }  // namespace pcf85063
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/pcf8563/pcf8563.h

@@ -113,12 +113,12 @@ class PCF8563Component : public time::RealTimeClock, public i2c::I2CDevice {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class WriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PCF8563Component> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->write_time(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->write_time(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class ReadAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PCF8563Component> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->read_time(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->read_time(); }
 };
 }  // namespace pcf8563
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/pid/pid_climate.h

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PIDAutotuneAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   void set_positive_output(float positive_output) { positive_output_ = positive_output; }
   void set_negative_output(float negative_output) { negative_output_ = negative_output; }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     auto tuner = make_unique<PIDAutotuner>();
     tuner->set_noiseband(this->noiseband_);
     tuner->set_output_negative(this->negative_output_);
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PIDResetIntegralTermAction : public Action<Ts...>
  public:
   PIDResetIntegralTermAction(PIDClimate *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->reset_integral_term(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->reset_integral_term(); }
 
  protected:
   PIDClimate *parent_;
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PIDSetControlParametersAction : public Action<Ts.
  public:
   PIDSetControlParametersAction(PIDClimate *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     auto kp = this->kp_.value(x...);
     auto ki = this->ki_.value(x...);
     auto kd = this->kd_.value(x...);

esphome/components/pipsolar/output/pipsolar_output.h

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetOutputAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, level)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->output_->set_value(this->level_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->output_->set_value(this->level_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   PipsolarOutput *output_;

esphome/components/pmwcs3/pmwcs3.h

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PMWCS3AirCalibrationAction : public Action<Ts...>
  public:
   PMWCS3AirCalibrationAction(PMWCS3Component *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->air_calibration(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->air_calibration(); }
 
  protected:
   PMWCS3Component *parent_;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PMWCS3WaterCalibrationAction : public Action<Ts..
  public:
   PMWCS3WaterCalibrationAction(PMWCS3Component *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->water_calibration(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->water_calibration(); }
 
  protected:
   PMWCS3Component *parent_;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PMWCS3NewI2cAddressAction : public Action<Ts...>
   PMWCS3NewI2cAddressAction(PMWCS3Component *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(int, new_address)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->new_i2c_address(this->new_address_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->new_i2c_address(this->new_address_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   PMWCS3Component *parent_;

esphome/components/pn532/pn532.h

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class PN532OnFinishedWriteTrigger : public Trigger<> {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PN532IsWritingCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<PN532> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->is_writing(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_writing(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace pn532

esphome/components/pn7150/automation.h

@@ -23,42 +23,42 @@ class PN7150OnFinishedWriteTrigger : public Trigger<> {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PN7150IsWritingCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7150> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->is_writing(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_writing(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class EmulationOffAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7150> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_tag_emulation_off(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_tag_emulation_off(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class EmulationOnAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7150> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_tag_emulation_on(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_tag_emulation_on(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PollingOffAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7150> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_polling_off(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_polling_off(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PollingOnAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7150> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_polling_on(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_polling_on(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SetCleanModeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7150> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->clean_mode(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->clean_mode(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SetFormatModeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7150> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->format_mode(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->format_mode(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SetReadModeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7150> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->read_mode(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->read_mode(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SetEmulationMessageAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7150> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, message)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, include_android_app_record)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->set_tag_emulation_message(this->message_.optional_value(x...),
                                              this->include_android_app_record_.optional_value(x...));
   }
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetWriteMessageAction : public Action<Ts...>, pub
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, message)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, include_android_app_record)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->set_tag_write_message(this->message_.optional_value(x...),
                                          this->include_android_app_record_.optional_value(x...));
   }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SetWriteModeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7150> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->write_mode(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->write_mode(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace pn7150

esphome/components/pn7160/automation.h

@@ -23,42 +23,42 @@ class PN7160OnFinishedWriteTrigger : public Trigger<> {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PN7160IsWritingCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7160> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->is_writing(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_writing(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class EmulationOffAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7160> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_tag_emulation_off(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_tag_emulation_off(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class EmulationOnAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7160> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_tag_emulation_on(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_tag_emulation_on(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PollingOffAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7160> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_polling_off(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_polling_off(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PollingOnAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7160> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_polling_on(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_polling_on(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SetCleanModeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7160> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->clean_mode(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->clean_mode(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SetFormatModeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7160> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->format_mode(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->format_mode(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SetReadModeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7160> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->read_mode(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->read_mode(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SetEmulationMessageAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7160> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, message)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, include_android_app_record)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->set_tag_emulation_message(this->message_.optional_value(x...),
                                              this->include_android_app_record_.optional_value(x...));
   }
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetWriteMessageAction : public Action<Ts...>, pub
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, message)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, include_android_app_record)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->parent_->set_tag_write_message(this->message_.optional_value(x...),
                                          this->include_android_app_record_.optional_value(x...));
   }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class SetWriteModeAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<PN7160> {
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->write_mode(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->write_mode(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace pn7160

esphome/components/pulse_counter/automation.h

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetTotalPulsesAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, total_pulses)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->pulse_counter_->set_total_pulses(this->total_pulses_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->pulse_counter_->set_total_pulses(this->total_pulses_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   PulseCounterSensor *pulse_counter_;

esphome/components/pulse_meter/automation.h

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetTotalPulsesAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, total_pulses)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->pulse_meter_->set_total_pulses(this->total_pulses_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->pulse_meter_->set_total_pulses(this->total_pulses_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   PulseMeterSensor *pulse_meter_;

esphome/components/pzemac/pzemac.h

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ResetEnergyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   ResetEnergyAction(PZEMAC *pzemac) : pzemac_(pzemac) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->pzemac_->reset_energy_(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->pzemac_->reset_energy_(); }
 
  protected:
   PZEMAC *pzemac_;

esphome/components/pzemdc/pzemdc.h

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ResetEnergyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   ResetEnergyAction(PZEMDC *pzemdc) : pzemdc_(pzemdc) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->pzemdc_->reset_energy(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->pzemdc_->reset_energy(); }
 
  protected:
   PZEMDC *pzemdc_;

esphome/components/remote_base/remote_base.h

@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RemoteTransmitterActionBase : public RemoteTransm
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, send_wait)
 
  protected:
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->transmitter_->transmit();
     this->encode(call.get_data(), x...);
     call.set_send_times(this->send_times_.value_or(x..., 1));

esphome/components/remote_transmitter/automation.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace remote_transmitter {
 template<typename... Ts> class DigitalWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<RemoteTransmitterComponent> {
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, value)
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->digital_write(this->value_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->digital_write(this->value_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace remote_transmitter

esphome/components/rf_bridge/rf_bridge.h

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RFBridgeSendCodeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, high)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, code)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     RFBridgeData data{};
     data.sync = this->sync_.value(x...);
     data.low = this->low_.value(x...);
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RFBridgeSendAdvancedCodeAction : public Action<Ts
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, protocol)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, code)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     RFBridgeAdvancedData data{};
     data.length = this->length_.value(x...);
     data.protocol = this->protocol_.value(x...);
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RFBridgeLearnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   RFBridgeLearnAction(RFBridgeComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->learn(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->learn(); }
 
  protected:
   RFBridgeComponent *parent_;
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RFBridgeStartAdvancedSniffingAction : public Acti
  public:
   RFBridgeStartAdvancedSniffingAction(RFBridgeComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->start_advanced_sniffing(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->start_advanced_sniffing(); }
 
  protected:
   RFBridgeComponent *parent_;
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RFBridgeStopAdvancedSniffingAction : public Actio
  public:
   RFBridgeStopAdvancedSniffingAction(RFBridgeComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->stop_advanced_sniffing(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->stop_advanced_sniffing(); }
 
  protected:
   RFBridgeComponent *parent_;
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RFBridgeStartBucketSniffingAction : public Action
  public:
   RFBridgeStartBucketSniffingAction(RFBridgeComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->start_bucket_sniffing(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->start_bucket_sniffing(); }
 
  protected:
   RFBridgeComponent *parent_;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RFBridgeSendRawAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   RFBridgeSendRawAction(RFBridgeComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, raw)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->send_raw(this->raw_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->send_raw(this->raw_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   RFBridgeComponent *parent_;
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RFBridgeBeepAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   RFBridgeBeepAction(RFBridgeComponent *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, duration)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->beep(this->duration_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->beep(this->duration_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   RFBridgeComponent *parent_;

esphome/components/rotary_encoder/rotary_encoder.h

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RotaryEncoderSetValueAction : public Action<Ts...
   RotaryEncoderSetValueAction(RotaryEncoderSensor *encoder) : encoder_(encoder) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(int, value)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->encoder_->set_value(this->value_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->encoder_->set_value(this->value_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   RotaryEncoderSensor *encoder_;

esphome/components/rp2040_pwm/rp2040_pwm.h

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetFrequencyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   SetFrequencyAction(RP2040PWM *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, frequency);
 
-  void play(Ts... x) {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) {
     float freq = this->frequency_.value(x...);
     this->parent_->update_frequency(freq);
   }

esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.h

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PlayAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   PlayAction(Rtttl *rtttl) : rtttl_(rtttl) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, value)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->rtttl_->play(this->value_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->rtttl_->play(this->value_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   Rtttl *rtttl_;
@@ -130,12 +130,12 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PlayAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class StopAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<Rtttl> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->stop(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class IsPlayingCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Parented<Rtttl> {
  public:
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->is_playing(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_playing(); }
 };
 
 class FinishedPlaybackTrigger : public Trigger<> {

esphome/components/scd30/automation.h

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace scd30 {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class ForceRecalibrationWithReference : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SCD30Component> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     if (this->value_.has_value()) {
       this->parent_->force_recalibration_with_reference(this->value_.value(x...));
     }

esphome/components/scd4x/automation.h

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace scd4x {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class PerformForcedCalibrationAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SCD4XComponent> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     if (this->value_.has_value()) {
       this->parent_->perform_forced_calibration(this->value_.value(x...));
     }
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PerformForcedCalibrationAction : public Action<Ts
 
 template<typename... Ts> class FactoryResetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<SCD4XComponent> {
  public:
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->factory_reset(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->factory_reset(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace scd4x

esphome/components/script/script.h

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ template<class... As, typename... Ts> class ScriptExecuteAction<Script<As...>, T
 
   template<typename... F> void set_args(F... x) { args_ = Args{x...}; }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->script_->execute_tuple(this->eval_args_(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->script_->execute_tuple(this->eval_args_(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   // NOTE:
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ template<class C, typename... Ts> class ScriptStopAction : public Action<Ts...>
  public:
   ScriptStopAction(C *script) : script_(script) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->script_->stop(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->script_->stop(); }
 
  protected:
   C *script_;
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ template<class C, typename... Ts> class IsRunningCondition : public Condition<Ts
  public:
   explicit IsRunningCondition(C *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 
-  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->is_running(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->is_running(); }
 
  protected:
   C *parent_;
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ template<class C, typename... Ts> class ScriptWaitAction : public Action<Ts...>,
     this->disable_loop();
   }
 
-  void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
+  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
     // Check if we can continue immediately.
     if (!this->script_->is_running()) {
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ template<class C, typename... Ts> class ScriptWaitAction : public Action<Ts...>,
     this->disable_loop();
   }
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { /* ignore - see play_complex */
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { /* ignore - see play_complex */
   }
 
   void stop() override {

esphome/components/select/automation.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SelectSetAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   explicit SelectSetAction(Select *select) : select_(select) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, option)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->select_->make_call();
     call.set_option(this->option_.value(x...));
     call.perform();
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SelectSetIndexAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   explicit SelectSetIndexAction(Select *select) : select_(select) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(size_t, index)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->select_->make_call();
     call.set_index(this->index_.value(x...));
     call.perform();
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SelectOperationAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, cycle)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(SelectOperation, operation)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override {
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     auto call = this->select_->make_call();
     call.with_operation(this->operation_.value(x...));
     if (this->cycle_.has_value()) {

esphome/components/sen5x/automation.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class StartFanAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit StartFanAction(SEN5XComponent *sen5x) : sen5x_(sen5x) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->sen5x_->start_fan_cleaning(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->sen5x_->start_fan_cleaning(); }
 
  protected:
   SEN5XComponent *sen5x_;

esphome/components/senseair/senseair.h

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SenseAirBackgroundCalibrationAction : public Acti
  public:
   SenseAirBackgroundCalibrationAction(SenseAirComponent *senseair) : senseair_(senseair) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->senseair_->background_calibration(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->senseair_->background_calibration(); }
 
  protected:
   SenseAirComponent *senseair_;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SenseAirBackgroundCalibrationResultAction : publi
  public:
   SenseAirBackgroundCalibrationResultAction(SenseAirComponent *senseair) : senseair_(senseair) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->senseair_->background_calibration_result(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->senseair_->background_calibration_result(); }
 
  protected:
   SenseAirComponent *senseair_;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SenseAirABCEnableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   SenseAirABCEnableAction(SenseAirComponent *senseair) : senseair_(senseair) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->senseair_->abc_enable(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->senseair_->abc_enable(); }
 
  protected:
   SenseAirComponent *senseair_;
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SenseAirABCDisableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   SenseAirABCDisableAction(SenseAirComponent *senseair) : senseair_(senseair) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->senseair_->abc_disable(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->senseair_->abc_disable(); }
 
  protected:
   SenseAirComponent *senseair_;
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SenseAirABCGetPeriodAction : public Action<Ts...>
  public:
   SenseAirABCGetPeriodAction(SenseAirComponent *senseair) : senseair_(senseair) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->senseair_->abc_get_period(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->senseair_->abc_get_period(); }
 
  protected:
   SenseAirComponent *senseair_;

esphome/components/sensor/automation.h

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SensorPublishAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   SensorPublishAction(Sensor *sensor) : sensor_(sensor) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, state)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->sensor_->publish_state(this->state_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->sensor_->publish_state(this->state_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   Sensor *sensor_;
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SensorInRangeCondition : public Condition<Ts...>
 
   void set_min(float min) { this->min_ = min; }
   void set_max(float max) { this->max_ = max; }
-  bool check(Ts... x) override {
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override {
     const float state = this->parent_->state;
     if (std::isnan(this->min_)) {
       return state <= this->max_;

esphome/components/servo/servo.h

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ServoWriteAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   ServoWriteAction(Servo *servo) : servo_(servo) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, value)
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->servo_->write(this->value_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->servo_->write(this->value_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   Servo *servo_;
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ServoDetachAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   ServoDetachAction(Servo *servo) : servo_(servo) {}
 
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->servo_->detach(); }
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->servo_->detach(); }
 
  protected:
   Servo *servo_;