Merge branch 'remote_base' into integration

Co-authored-by: Jesse Hills <3060199+jesserockz@users.noreply.github.com>

CODEOWNERS

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ esphome/components/gdk101/* @Szewcson
 esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/* @pkejval
 esphome/components/globals/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/* @zry98
-esphome/components/gp8403/* @jesserockz
+esphome/components/gp8403/* @jesserockz @sebydocky
 esphome/components/gpio/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/gps/* @coogle @ximex

esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 """CLI interface for memory analysis with report generation."""
 
 from collections import defaultdict
-import json
 import sys
 
 from . import (
@@ -284,28 +283,6 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
 
         return "\n".join(lines)
 
-    def to_json(self) -> str:
-        """Export analysis results as JSON."""
-        data = {
-            "components": {
-                name: {
-                    "text": mem.text_size,
-                    "rodata": mem.rodata_size,
-                    "data": mem.data_size,
-                    "bss": mem.bss_size,
-                    "flash_total": mem.flash_total,
-                    "ram_total": mem.ram_total,
-                    "symbol_count": mem.symbol_count,
-                }
-                for name, mem in self.components.items()
-            },
-            "totals": {
-                "flash": sum(c.flash_total for c in self.components.values()),
-                "ram": sum(c.ram_total for c in self.components.values()),
-            },
-        }
-        return json.dumps(data, indent=2)
-
     def dump_uncategorized_symbols(self, output_file: str | None = None) -> None:
         """Dump uncategorized symbols for analysis."""
         # Sort by size descending

esphome/components/const/__init__.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ BYTE_ORDER_BIG = "big_endian"
 
 CONF_COLOR_DEPTH = "color_depth"
 CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING = "draw_rounding"
+CONF_ENABLED = "enabled"
 CONF_ON_RECEIVE = "on_receive"
 CONF_ON_STATE_CHANGE = "on_state_change"
 CONF_REQUEST_HEADERS = "request_headers"

esphome/components/display/display.h

@@ -176,7 +176,117 @@ class Display;
 class DisplayPage;
 class DisplayOnPageChangeTrigger;
 
-using display_writer_t = std::function<void(Display &)>;
+/** Optimized display writer that uses function pointers for stateless lambdas.
+ *
+ * Similar to TemplatableValue but specialized for display writer callbacks.
+ * Saves ~8 bytes per stateless lambda on 32-bit platforms (16 bytes std::function → ~8 bytes discriminator+pointer).
+ *
+ * Supports both:
+ * - Stateless lambdas (from YAML) → function pointer (4 bytes)
+ * - Stateful lambdas/std::function (from C++ code) → std::function* (heap allocated)
+ *
+ * @tparam T The display type (e.g., Display, Nextion, GPIOLCDDisplay)
+ */
+template<typename T> class DisplayWriter {
+ public:
+  DisplayWriter() : type_(NONE) {}
+
+  // For stateless lambdas (convertible to function pointer): use function pointer (4 bytes)
+  template<typename F>
+  DisplayWriter(F f) requires std::invocable<F, T &> && std::convertible_to<F, void (*)(T &)>
+      : type_(STATELESS_LAMBDA) {
+    this->stateless_f_ = f;  // Implicit conversion to function pointer
+  }
+
+  // For stateful lambdas and std::function (not convertible to function pointer): use std::function* (heap allocated)
+  // This handles backwards compatibility with external components
+  template<typename F>
+  DisplayWriter(F f) requires std::invocable<F, T &> &&(!std::convertible_to<F, void (*)(T &)>) : type_(LAMBDA) {
+    this->f_ = new std::function<void(T &)>(std::move(f));
+  }
+
+  // Copy constructor
+  DisplayWriter(const DisplayWriter &other) : type_(other.type_) {
+    if (type_ == LAMBDA) {
+      this->f_ = new std::function<void(T &)>(*other.f_);
+    } else if (type_ == STATELESS_LAMBDA) {
+      this->stateless_f_ = other.stateless_f_;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Move constructor
+  DisplayWriter(DisplayWriter &&other) noexcept : type_(other.type_) {
+    if (type_ == LAMBDA) {
+      this->f_ = other.f_;
+      other.f_ = nullptr;
+    } else if (type_ == STATELESS_LAMBDA) {
+      this->stateless_f_ = other.stateless_f_;
+    }
+    other.type_ = NONE;
+  }
+
+  // Assignment operators
+  DisplayWriter &operator=(const DisplayWriter &other) {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      this->~DisplayWriter();
+      new (this) DisplayWriter(other);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  DisplayWriter &operator=(DisplayWriter &&other) noexcept {
+    if (this != &other) {
+      this->~DisplayWriter();
+      new (this) DisplayWriter(std::move(other));
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  ~DisplayWriter() {
+    if (type_ == LAMBDA) {
+      delete this->f_;
+    }
+    // STATELESS_LAMBDA/NONE: no cleanup needed (function pointer or empty)
+  }
+
+  bool has_value() const { return this->type_ != NONE; }
+
+  void call(T &display) const {
+    switch (this->type_) {
+      case STATELESS_LAMBDA:
+        this->stateless_f_(display);  // Direct function pointer call
+        break;
+      case LAMBDA:
+        (*this->f_)(display);  // std::function call
+        break;
+      case NONE:
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Operator() for convenience
+  void operator()(T &display) const { this->call(display); }
+
+  // Operator* for backwards compatibility with (*writer_)(*this) pattern
+  DisplayWriter &operator*() { return *this; }
+  const DisplayWriter &operator*() const { return *this; }
+
+ protected:
+  enum : uint8_t {
+    NONE,
+    LAMBDA,
+    STATELESS_LAMBDA,
+  } type_;
+
+  union {
+    std::function<void(T &)> *f_;
+    void (*stateless_f_)(T &);
+  };
+};
+
+// Type alias for Display writer - uses optimized DisplayWriter instead of std::function
+using display_writer_t = DisplayWriter<Display>;
 
 #define LOG_DISPLAY(prefix, type, obj) \
   if ((obj) != nullptr) { \
@@ -678,7 +788,7 @@ class Display : public PollingComponent {
   void sort_triangle_points_by_y_(int *x1, int *y1, int *x2, int *y2, int *x3, int *y3);
 
   DisplayRotation rotation_{DISPLAY_ROTATION_0_DEGREES};
-  optional<display_writer_t> writer_{};
+  display_writer_t writer_{};
   DisplayPage *page_{nullptr};
   DisplayPage *previous_page_{nullptr};
   std::vector<DisplayOnPageChangeTrigger *> on_page_change_triggers_;

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp

@@ -389,7 +389,8 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       if (this->conn_id_ != param->search_res.conn_id)
         return false;
       this->service_count_++;
-      if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) {
+      if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE ||
+          this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
         // V3 clients don't need services initialized since
         // as they use the ESP APIs to get services.
         break;

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server_automations.cpp

@@ -15,10 +15,7 @@ Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_characteristic_on_w
   Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *on_write_trigger =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
       new Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>();
   characteristic->on_write([on_write_trigger](std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t id) {
-    // Convert span to vector for trigger - copy is necessary because:
-    // 1. Trigger stores the data for use in automation actions that execute later
-    // 2. The span is only valid during this callback (points to temporary BLE stack data)
-    // 3. User lambdas in automations need persistent data they can access asynchronously
+    // Convert span to vector for trigger
     on_write_trigger->trigger(std::vector<uint8_t>(data.begin(), data.end()), id);
   });
   return on_write_trigger;
@@ -30,10 +27,7 @@ Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_descriptor_on_write
   Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *on_write_trigger =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
       new Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>();
   descriptor->on_write([on_write_trigger](std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t id) {
-    // Convert span to vector for trigger - copy is necessary because:
-    // 1. Trigger stores the data for use in automation actions that execute later
-    // 2. The span is only valid during this callback (points to temporary BLE stack data)
-    // 3. User lambdas in automations need persistent data they can access asynchronously
+    // Convert span to vector for trigger
     on_write_trigger->trigger(std::vector<uint8_t>(data.begin(), data.end()), id);
   });
   return on_write_trigger;

esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp

@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ void Fan::save_state_() {
   state.direction = this->direction;
 
   const char *preset = this->get_preset_mode();
-  if (traits.supports_preset_modes() && preset != nullptr) {
+  if (preset != nullptr) {
     const auto &preset_modes = traits.supported_preset_modes();
     // Find index of current preset mode (pointer comparison is safe since preset is from traits)
     for (size_t i = 0; i < preset_modes.size(); i++) {

esphome/components/gp8403/__init__.py

@@ -1,19 +1,25 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import i2c
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_VOLTAGE
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODEL, CONF_VOLTAGE
 
-CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@sebydocky"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
 MULTI_CONF = True
 
 gp8403_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("gp8403")
-GP8403 = gp8403_ns.class_("GP8403", cg.Component, i2c.I2CDevice)
+GP8403Component = gp8403_ns.class_("GP8403Component", cg.Component, i2c.I2CDevice)
 
 GP8403Voltage = gp8403_ns.enum("GP8403Voltage")
+GP8403Model = gp8403_ns.enum("GP8403Model")
 
 CONF_GP8403_ID = "gp8403_id"
 
+MODELS = {
+    "GP8403": GP8403Model.GP8403,
+    "GP8413": GP8403Model.GP8413,
+}
+
 VOLTAGES = {
     "5V": GP8403Voltage.GP8403_VOLTAGE_5V,
     "10V": GP8403Voltage.GP8403_VOLTAGE_10V,
@@ -22,7 +28,8 @@ VOLTAGES = {
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(GP8403),
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(GP8403Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODEL, default="GP8403"): cv.enum(MODELS, upper=True),
             cv.Required(CONF_VOLTAGE): cv.enum(VOLTAGES, upper=True),
         }
     )
@@ -35,5 +42,5 @@ async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
-
+    cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
     cg.add(var.set_voltage(config[CONF_VOLTAGE]))

esphome/components/gp8403/gp8403.cpp

@@ -8,16 +8,48 @@ namespace gp8403 {
 static const char *const TAG = "gp8403";
 
 static const uint8_t RANGE_REGISTER = 0x01;
+static const uint8_t OUTPUT_REGISTER = 0x02;
 
-void GP8403::setup() { this->write_register(RANGE_REGISTER, (uint8_t *) (&this->voltage_), 1); }
+const LogString *model_to_string(GP8403Model model) {
+  switch (model) {
+    case GP8403Model::GP8403:
+      return LOG_STR("GP8403");
+    case GP8403Model::GP8413:
+      return LOG_STR("GP8413");
+  }
+  return LOG_STR("Unknown");
+};
 
-void GP8403::dump_config() {
+void GP8403Component::setup() { this->write_register(RANGE_REGISTER, (uint8_t *) (&this->voltage_), 1); }
+
+void GP8403Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "GP8403:\n"
-                "  Voltage: %dV",
-                this->voltage_ == GP8403_VOLTAGE_5V ? 5 : 10);
+                "  Voltage: %dV\n"
+                "  Model: %s",
+                this->voltage_ == GP8403_VOLTAGE_5V ? 5 : 10, LOG_STR_ARG(model_to_string(this->model_)));
   LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
 }
 
+void GP8403Component::write_state(float state, uint8_t channel) {
+  uint16_t val = 0;
+  switch (this->model_) {
+    case GP8403Model::GP8403:
+      val = ((uint16_t) (4095 * state)) << 4;
+      break;
+    case GP8403Model::GP8413:
+      val = ((uint16_t) (32767 * state)) << 1;
+      break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown model %s", LOG_STR_ARG(model_to_string(this->model_)));
+      return;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Calculated DAC value: %" PRIu16, val);
+  i2c::ErrorCode err = this->write_register(OUTPUT_REGISTER + (2 * channel), (uint8_t *) &val, 2);
+  if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error writing to %s, code %d", LOG_STR_ARG(model_to_string(this->model_)), err);
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace gp8403
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/gp8403/gp8403.h

@@ -11,15 +11,24 @@ enum GP8403Voltage {
   GP8403_VOLTAGE_10V = 0x11,
 };
 
-class GP8403 : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+enum GP8403Model {
+  GP8403,
+  GP8413,
+};
+
+class GP8403Component : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::DATA; }
+  void set_model(GP8403Model model) { this->model_ = model; }
   void set_voltage(gp8403::GP8403Voltage voltage) { this->voltage_ = voltage; }
 
+  void write_state(float state, uint8_t channel);
+
  protected:
   GP8403Voltage voltage_;
+  GP8403Model model_{GP8403Model::GP8403};
 };
 
 }  // namespace gp8403

esphome/components/gp8403/output/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import i2c, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID
 
-from .. import CONF_GP8403_ID, GP8403, gp8403_ns
+from .. import CONF_GP8403_ID, GP8403Component, gp8403_ns
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["gp8403"]
 
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ GP8403Output = gp8403_ns.class_(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = output.FLOAT_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.extend(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(GP8403Output),
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_GP8403_ID): cv.use_id(GP8403),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_GP8403_ID): cv.use_id(GP8403Component),
         cv.Required(CONF_CHANNEL): cv.int_range(min=0, max=1),
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)

esphome/components/gp8403/output/gp8403_output.cpp

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ namespace gp8403 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "gp8403.output";
 
-static const uint8_t OUTPUT_REGISTER = 0x02;
-
 void GP8403Output::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "GP8403 Output:\n"
@@ -16,13 +14,7 @@ void GP8403Output::dump_config() {
                 this->channel_);
 }
 
-void GP8403Output::write_state(float state) {
-  uint16_t value = ((uint16_t) (state * 4095)) << 4;
-  i2c::ErrorCode err = this->parent_->write_register(OUTPUT_REGISTER + (2 * this->channel_), (uint8_t *) &value, 2);
-  if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error writing to GP8403, code %d", err);
-  }
-}
+void GP8403Output::write_state(float state) { this->parent_->write_state(state, this->channel_); }
 
 }  // namespace gp8403
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/gp8403/output/gp8403_output.h

@@ -8,13 +8,11 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace gp8403 {
 
-class GP8403Output : public Component, public output::FloatOutput, public Parented<GP8403> {
+class GP8403Output : public Component, public output::FloatOutput, public Parented<GP8403Component> {
  public:
   void dump_config() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::DATA - 1; }
-
   void set_channel(uint8_t channel) { this->channel_ = channel; }
-
   void write_state(float state) override;
 
  protected:

esphome/components/gt911/touchscreen/gt911_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ void GT911Touchscreen::setup() {
       this->interrupt_pin_->digital_write(false);
     }
     delay(2);
-    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);  // wait 50ms after reset
-    this->set_timeout(50, [this] { this->setup_internal_(); });
+    this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);  // wait at least T3+T4 ms as per the datasheet
+    this->set_timeout(5 + 50 + 1, [this] { this->setup_internal_(); });
     return;
   }
   this->setup_internal_();

esphome/components/lcd_gpio/gpio_lcd_display.h

@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.h"
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace lcd_gpio {
 
+class GPIOLCDDisplay;
+
+using gpio_lcd_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<GPIOLCDDisplay>;
+
 class GPIOLCDDisplay : public lcd_base::LCDDisplay {
  public:
-  void set_writer(std::function<void(GPIOLCDDisplay &)> &&writer) { this->writer_ = std::move(writer); }
+  void set_writer(gpio_lcd_writer_t &&writer) { this->writer_ = std::move(writer); }
   void setup() override;
   void set_data_pins(GPIOPin *d0, GPIOPin *d1, GPIOPin *d2, GPIOPin *d3) {
     this->data_pins_[0] = d0;
@@ -43,7 +48,7 @@ class GPIOLCDDisplay : public lcd_base::LCDDisplay {
   GPIOPin *rw_pin_{nullptr};
   GPIOPin *enable_pin_{nullptr};
   GPIOPin *data_pins_[8]{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
-  std::function<void(GPIOLCDDisplay &)> writer_;
+  gpio_lcd_writer_t writer_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace lcd_gpio

esphome/components/lcd_pcf8574/pcf8574_display.h

@@ -3,13 +3,18 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/lcd_base/lcd_display.h"
 #include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace lcd_pcf8574 {
 
+class PCF8574LCDDisplay;
+
+using pcf8574_lcd_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<PCF8574LCDDisplay>;
+
 class PCF8574LCDDisplay : public lcd_base::LCDDisplay, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
-  void set_writer(std::function<void(PCF8574LCDDisplay &)> &&writer) { this->writer_ = std::move(writer); }
+  void set_writer(pcf8574_lcd_writer_t &&writer) { this->writer_ = std::move(writer); }
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void backlight();
@@ -24,7 +29,7 @@ class PCF8574LCDDisplay : public lcd_base::LCDDisplay, public i2c::I2CDevice {
 
   // Stores the current state of the backlight.
   uint8_t backlight_value_;
-  std::function<void(PCF8574LCDDisplay &)> writer_;
+  pcf8574_lcd_writer_t writer_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace lcd_pcf8574

esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ static uint8_t calc_checksum(void *data, size_t size) {
 static int get_firmware_int(const char *version_string) {
   std::string version_str = version_string;
   if (version_str[0] == 'v') {
-    version_str = version_str.substr(1);
+    version_str.erase(0, 1);
   }
   version_str.erase(remove(version_str.begin(), version_str.end(), '.'), version_str.end());
   int version_integer = stoi(version_str);

esphome/components/lvgl/layout.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import re
+import textwrap
 
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_HEIGHT, CONF_TYPE, CONF_WIDTH
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ class FlexLayout(Layout):
 
     def get_layout_schemas(self, config: dict) -> tuple:
         layout = config.get(CONF_LAYOUT)
-        if not isinstance(layout, dict) or layout.get(CONF_TYPE) != TYPE_FLEX:
+        if not isinstance(layout, dict) or layout.get(CONF_TYPE).lower() != TYPE_FLEX:
             return None, {}
         child_schema = FLEX_OBJ_SCHEMA
         if grow := layout.get(CONF_FLEX_GROW):
@@ -161,6 +162,8 @@ class DirectionalLayout(FlexLayout):
         return self.direction
 
     def get_layout_schemas(self, config: dict) -> tuple:
+        if not isinstance(config.get(CONF_LAYOUT), str):
+            return None, {}
         if config.get(CONF_LAYOUT, "").lower() != self.direction:
             return None, {}
         return cv.one_of(self.direction, lower=True), flex_hv_schema(self.direction)
@@ -206,7 +209,7 @@ class GridLayout(Layout):
             # Not a valid grid layout string
             return None, {}
 
-        if not isinstance(layout, dict) or layout.get(CONF_TYPE) != TYPE_GRID:
+        if not isinstance(layout, dict) or layout.get(CONF_TYPE).lower() != TYPE_GRID:
             return None, {}
         return (
             {
@@ -259,7 +262,7 @@ class GridLayout(Layout):
                 )
         # should be guaranteed to be a dict at this point
         assert isinstance(layout, dict)
-        assert layout.get(CONF_TYPE) == TYPE_GRID
+        assert layout.get(CONF_TYPE).lower() == TYPE_GRID
         rows = len(layout[CONF_GRID_ROWS])
         columns = len(layout[CONF_GRID_COLUMNS])
         used_cells = [[None] * columns for _ in range(rows)]
@@ -335,6 +338,17 @@ def append_layout_schema(schema, config: dict):
     if CONF_LAYOUT not in config:
         # If no layout is specified, return the schema as is
         return schema.extend({cv.Optional(CONF_WIDGETS): any_widget_schema()})
+    layout = config[CONF_LAYOUT]
+    # Sanity check the layout to avoid redundant checks in each type
+    if not isinstance(layout, str) and not isinstance(layout, dict):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "The 'layout' option must be a string or a dictionary", [CONF_LAYOUT]
+        )
+    if isinstance(layout, dict) and not isinstance(layout.get(CONF_TYPE), str):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "Invalid layout type; must be a string ('flex' or 'grid')",
+            [CONF_LAYOUT, CONF_TYPE],
+        )
 
     for layout_class in LAYOUT_CLASSES:
         layout_schema, child_schema = layout_class.get_layout_schemas(config)
@@ -348,10 +362,17 @@ def append_layout_schema(schema, config: dict):
             layout_schema.add_extra(layout_class.validate)
             return layout_schema.extend(schema)
 
-    # If no layout class matched, return a default schema
-    return cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.Optional(CONF_LAYOUT): cv.one_of(*LAYOUT_CHOICES, lower=True),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_WIDGETS): any_widget_schema(),
-        }
+    if isinstance(layout, dict):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            "Invalid layout type; must be 'flex' or 'grid'", [CONF_LAYOUT, CONF_TYPE]
+        )
+    raise cv.Invalid(
+        textwrap.dedent(
+            """
+                Invalid 'layout' value
+                layout choices are 'horizontal', 'vertical', '<rows>x<cols>',
+                or a dictionary with a 'type' key
+            """
+        ),
+        [CONF_LAYOUT],
     )

esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h

@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ class LVGLSelect : public select::Select, public Component {
     const auto &opts = this->widget_->get_options();
     FixedVector<const char *> opt_ptrs;
     opt_ptrs.init(opts.size());
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < opts.size(); i++) {
-      opt_ptrs[i] = opts[i].c_str();
+    for (const auto &opt : opts) {
+      opt_ptrs.push_back(opt.c_str());
     }
     this->traits.set_options(opt_ptrs);
   }

esphome/components/max7219/max7219.h

@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@
 #include "esphome/core/time.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/spi/spi.h"
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace max7219 {
 
 class MAX7219Component;
 
-using max7219_writer_t = std::function<void(MAX7219Component &)>;
+using max7219_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<MAX7219Component>;
 
 class MAX7219Component : public PollingComponent,
                          public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW,
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ class MAX7219Component : public PollingComponent,
   uint8_t num_chips_{1};
   uint8_t *buffer_;
   bool reverse_{false};
-  optional<max7219_writer_t> writer_{};
+  max7219_writer_t writer_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace max7219

esphome/components/max7219digit/max7219digit.cpp

@@ -271,7 +271,11 @@ void MAX7219Component::send64pixels(uint8_t chip, const uint8_t pixels[8]) {
         }
       }
     } else if (this->orientation_ == 1) {
-      b = pixels[col];
+      if (this->flip_x_) {
+        b = pixels[7 - col];
+      } else {
+        b = pixels[col];
+      }
     } else if (this->orientation_ == 2) {
       for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
         if (this->flip_x_) {
@@ -282,7 +286,11 @@ void MAX7219Component::send64pixels(uint8_t chip, const uint8_t pixels[8]) {
       }
     } else {
       for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-        b |= ((pixels[7 - col] >> i) & 1) << (7 - i);
+        if (this->flip_x_) {
+          b |= ((pixels[col] >> i) & 1) << (7 - i);
+        } else {
+          b |= ((pixels[7 - col] >> i) & 1) << (7 - i);
+        }
       }
     }
     // send this byte to display at selected chip

esphome/components/max7219digit/max7219digit.h

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ enum ScrollMode {
 
 class MAX7219Component;
 
-using max7219_writer_t = std::function<void(MAX7219Component &)>;
+using max7219_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<MAX7219Component>;
 
 class MAX7219Component : public display::DisplayBuffer,
                          public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW,
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class MAX7219Component : public display::DisplayBuffer,
   uint32_t last_scroll_ = 0;
   uint16_t stepsleft_;
   size_t get_buffer_length_();
-  optional<max7219_writer_t> writer_local_{};
+  max7219_writer_t writer_local_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace max7219digit

esphome/components/modbus_controller/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import binascii
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import modbus
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ENABLED
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ADDRESS,
@@ -20,7 +21,6 @@ from .const import (
     CONF_BYTE_OFFSET,
     CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE,
     CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND,
-    CONF_ENABLED,
     CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE,
     CONF_MAX_CMD_RETRIES,
     CONF_MODBUS_CONTROLLER_ID,

esphome/components/modbus_controller/const.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ CONF_ALLOW_DUPLICATE_COMMANDS = "allow_duplicate_commands"
 CONF_BITMASK = "bitmask"
 CONF_BYTE_OFFSET = "byte_offset"
 CONF_COMMAND_THROTTLE = "command_throttle"
-CONF_ENABLED = "enabled"
 CONF_OFFLINE_SKIP_UPDATES = "offline_skip_updates"
 CONF_CUSTOM_COMMAND = "custom_command"
 CONF_FORCE_NEW_RANGE = "force_new_range"

esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 #include "nextion_base.h"
 #include "nextion_component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 #include "esphome/components/display/display_color_utils.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_NEXTION_TFT_UPLOAD
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ namespace nextion {
 class Nextion;
 class NextionComponentBase;
 
-using nextion_writer_t = std::function<void(Nextion &)>;
+using nextion_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<Nextion>;
 
 static const std::string COMMAND_DELIMITER{static_cast<char>(255), static_cast<char>(255), static_cast<char>(255)};
 
@@ -1471,7 +1472,7 @@ class Nextion : public NextionBase, public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDe
   CallbackManager<void(uint8_t, uint8_t, bool)> touch_callback_{};
   CallbackManager<void()> buffer_overflow_callback_{};
 
-  optional<nextion_writer_t> writer_;
+  nextion_writer_t writer_;
   optional<float> brightness_;
 
 #ifdef USE_NEXTION_CONFIG_DUMP_DEVICE_INFO

esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py

@@ -161,6 +161,9 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("USE_OPENTHREAD")
 
+    # OpenThread uses esp_vfs_eventfd which requires VFS select support
+    require_vfs_select()
+
     # OpenThread SRP needs access to mDNS services after setup
     enable_mdns_storage()
 

esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h"
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ enum UNIT {
   UNIT_DEG_E,     ///< show "°E"
 };
 
-using pvvx_writer_t = std::function<void(PVVXDisplay &)>;
+using pvvx_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<PVVXDisplay>;
 
 class PVVXDisplay : public ble_client::BLEClientNode, public PollingComponent {
  public:
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ class PVVXDisplay : public ble_client::BLEClientNode, public PollingComponent {
   esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID char_uuid_ =
       esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTUUID::from_raw("00001f1f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
 
-  optional<pvvx_writer_t> writer_{};
+  pvvx_writer_t writer_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace pvvx_mithermometer

esphome/components/remote_base/pronto_protocol.cpp

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ static const uint16_t FALLBACK_FREQUENCY = 64767U;  // To use with frequency = 0
 static const uint32_t MICROSECONDS_IN_SECONDS = 1000000UL;
 static const uint16_t PRONTO_DEFAULT_GAP = 45000;
 static const uint16_t MARK_EXCESS_MICROS = 20;
+static constexpr size_t PRONTO_LOG_CHUNK_SIZE = 230;
 
 static uint16_t to_frequency_k_hz(uint16_t code) {
   if (code == 0)
@@ -225,18 +226,17 @@ optional<ProntoData> ProntoProtocol::decode(RemoteReceiveData src) {
 }
 
 void ProntoProtocol::dump(const ProntoData &data) {
-  std::string rest;
-
-  rest = data.data;
+  std::string rest = data.data;
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Received Pronto: data=");
-  while (true) {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", rest.substr(0, 230).c_str());
-    if (rest.size() > 230) {
-      rest = rest.substr(230);
+  do {
+    size_t chunk_size = rest.size() > PRONTO_LOG_CHUNK_SIZE ? PRONTO_LOG_CHUNK_SIZE : rest.size();
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%.*s", (int) chunk_size, rest.c_str());
+    if (rest.size() > PRONTO_LOG_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+      rest.erase(0, PRONTO_LOG_CHUNK_SIZE);
     } else {
       break;
     }
-  }
+  } while (true);
 }
 
 }  // namespace remote_base

esphome/components/rtttl/rtttl.cpp

@@ -35,9 +35,7 @@ void Rtttl::dump_config() {
 
 void Rtttl::play(std::string rtttl) {
   if (this->state_ != State::STATE_STOPPED && this->state_ != State::STATE_STOPPING) {
-    int pos = this->rtttl_.find(':');
-    auto name = this->rtttl_.substr(0, pos);
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Already playing: %s", name.c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Already playing: %.*s", (int) this->rtttl_.find(':'), this->rtttl_.c_str());
     return;
   }
 
@@ -59,8 +57,7 @@ void Rtttl::play(std::string rtttl) {
     return;
   }
 
-  auto name = this->rtttl_.substr(0, this->position_);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Playing song %s", name.c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Playing song %.*s", (int) this->position_, this->rtttl_.c_str());
 
   // get default duration
   this->position_ = this->rtttl_.find("d=", this->position_);

esphome/components/select/select.cpp

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ void Select::publish_state(size_t index) {
   this->state_callback_.call(std::string(option), index);
 }
 
-const char *Select::current_option() const { return this->option_at(this->active_index_); }
+const char *Select::current_option() const { return this->has_state() ? this->option_at(this->active_index_) : ""; }
 
 void Select::add_on_state_callback(std::function<void(std::string, size_t)> &&callback) {
   this->state_callback_.add(std::move(callback));

esphome/components/select/select.h

@@ -94,18 +94,13 @@ class Select : public EntityBase {
 
   /** Set the value of the select, this is a virtual method that each select integration can implement.
    *
-   * This method is called by control(size_t) when not overridden, or directly by external code.
-   * Integrations can either:
-   * 1. Override this method to handle string-based control (traditional approach)
-   * 2. Override control(size_t) instead to work with indices directly (recommended)
+   * IMPORTANT: At least ONE of the two control() methods must be overridden by derived classes.
+   * Overriding control(size_t) is PREFERRED as it avoids string conversions.
    *
+   * This method is called by control(size_t) when not overridden, or directly by external code.
    * Default implementation converts to index and calls control(size_t).
    *
-   * Delegation chain:
-   * - SelectCall::perform() → control(size_t) → [if not overridden] → control(string)
-   * - External code → control(string) → publish_state(string) → publish_state(size_t)
-   *
-   * @param value The value as validated by the SelectCall.
+   * @param value The value as validated by the caller.
    */
   virtual void control(const std::string &value) {
     auto index = this->index_of(value);

esphome/components/select/select_traits.cpp

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ void SelectTraits::set_options(const std::initializer_list<const char *> &option
 
 void SelectTraits::set_options(const FixedVector<const char *> &options) {
   this->options_.init(options.size());
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
-    this->options_[i] = options[i];
+  for (const auto &opt : options) {
+    this->options_.push_back(opt);
   }
 }
 

esphome/components/sgp30/sgp30.cpp

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ void SGP30Component::setup() {
   uint32_t hash = fnv1_hash(App.get_compilation_time() + std::to_string(this->serial_number_));
   this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<SGP30Baselines>(hash, true);
 
-  if (this->pref_.load(&this->baselines_storage_)) {
+  if (this->store_baseline_ && this->pref_.load(&this->baselines_storage_)) {
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Loaded eCO2 baseline: 0x%04X, TVOC baseline: 0x%04X", this->baselines_storage_.eco2,
              baselines_storage_.tvoc);
     this->eco2_baseline_ = this->baselines_storage_.eco2;

esphome/components/st7920/st7920.h

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace st7920 {
 
 class ST7920;
 
-using st7920_writer_t = std::function<void(ST7920 &)>;
+using st7920_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<ST7920>;
 
 class ST7920 : public display::DisplayBuffer,
                public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_HIGH, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_TRAILING,
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class ST7920 : public display::DisplayBuffer,
   void end_transaction_();
 
   int16_t width_ = 128, height_ = 64;
-  optional<st7920_writer_t> writer_local_{};
+  st7920_writer_t writer_local_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace st7920

esphome/components/tm1621/tm1621.h

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace tm1621 {
 
 class TM1621Display;
 
-using tm1621_writer_t = std::function<void(TM1621Display &)>;
+using tm1621_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<TM1621Display>;
 
 class TM1621Display : public PollingComponent {
  public:
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ class TM1621Display : public PollingComponent {
   GPIOPin *cs_pin_;
   GPIOPin *read_pin_;
   GPIOPin *write_pin_;
-  optional<tm1621_writer_t> writer_{};
+  tm1621_writer_t writer_{};
   char row_[2][12];
   uint8_t state_;
   uint8_t device_;

esphome/components/tm1637/tm1637.h

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/time.h"
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ class TM1637Display;
 class TM1637Key;
 #endif
 
-using tm1637_writer_t = std::function<void(TM1637Display &)>;
+using tm1637_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<TM1637Display>;
 
 class TM1637Display : public PollingComponent {
  public:
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ class TM1637Display : public PollingComponent {
   uint8_t length_;
   bool inverted_;
   bool on_{true};
-  optional<tm1637_writer_t> writer_{};
+  tm1637_writer_t writer_{};
   uint8_t buffer_[6] = {0};
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   std::vector<TM1637Key *> tm1637_keys_{};

esphome/components/tm1638/tm1638.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/time.h"
+#include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ class KeyListener {
 
 class TM1638Component;
 
-using tm1638_writer_t = std::function<void(TM1638Component &)>;
+using tm1638_writer_t = display::DisplayWriter<TM1638Component>;
 
 class TM1638Component : public PollingComponent {
  public:
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ class TM1638Component : public PollingComponent {
   GPIOPin *stb_pin_;
   GPIOPin *dio_pin_;
   uint8_t *buffer_ = new uint8_t[8];
-  optional<tm1638_writer_t> writer_{};
+  tm1638_writer_t writer_{};
   std::vector<KeyListener *> listeners_{};
 };
 

esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp

@@ -657,7 +657,8 @@ void VoiceAssistant::on_event(const api::VoiceAssistantEventResponse &msg) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No text in STT_END event");
         return;
       } else if (text.length() > 500) {
-        text = text.substr(0, 497) + "...";
+        text.resize(497);
+        text += "...";
       }
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Speech recognised as: \"%s\"", text.c_str());
       this->defer([this, text]() { this->stt_end_trigger_->trigger(text); });
@@ -714,7 +715,8 @@ void VoiceAssistant::on_event(const api::VoiceAssistantEventResponse &msg) {
         return;
       }
       if (text.length() > 500) {
-        text = text.substr(0, 497) + "...";
+        text.resize(497);
+        text += "...";
       }
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Response: \"%s\"", text.c_str());
       this->defer([this, text]() {

esphome/components/wifi_info/wifi_info_text_sensor.h

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace wifi_info {
 
+static constexpr size_t MAX_STATE_LENGTH = 255;
+
 class IPAddressWiFiInfo : public PollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSensor {
  public:
   void update() override {
@@ -71,11 +73,14 @@ class ScanResultsWiFiInfo : public PollingComponent, public text_sensor::TextSen
       scan_results += "dB\n";
     }
 
+    // There's a limit of 255 characters per state.
+    // Longer states just don't get sent so we truncate it.
+    if (scan_results.length() > MAX_STATE_LENGTH) {
+      scan_results.resize(MAX_STATE_LENGTH);
+    }
     if (this->last_scan_results_ != scan_results) {
       this->last_scan_results_ = scan_results;
-      // There's a limit of 255 characters per state.
-      // Longer states just don't get sent so we truncate it.
-      this->publish_state(scan_results.substr(0, 255));
+      this->publish_state(scan_results);
     }
   }
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI; }

esphome/components/wireguard/binary_sensor.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor
+from esphome.components.const import CONF_ENABLED
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_STATUS,
@@ -9,8 +10,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
 
 from . import CONF_WIREGUARD_ID, Wireguard
 
-CONF_ENABLED = "enabled"
-
 DEPENDENCIES = ["wireguard"]
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {

esphome/core/helpers.h

@@ -251,6 +251,8 @@ template<typename T> class FixedVector {
   }
 
   // Allocate capacity - can be called multiple times to reinit
+  // IMPORTANT: After calling init(), you MUST use push_back() to add elements.
+  // Direct assignment via operator[] does NOT update the size counter.
   void init(size_t n) {
     cleanup_();
     reset_();

esphome/core/scheduler.h

@@ -94,9 +94,10 @@ class Scheduler {
     } name_;
     uint32_t interval;
     // Split time to handle millis() rollover. The scheduler combines the 32-bit millis()
-    // with a 16-bit rollover counter to create a 48-bit time space (stored as 64-bit
-    // for compatibility). With 49.7 days per 32-bit rollover, the 16-bit counter
-    // supports 49.7 days × 65536 = ~8900 years. This ensures correct scheduling
+    // with a 16-bit rollover counter to create a 48-bit time space (using 32+16 bits).
+    // This is intentionally limited to 48 bits, not stored as a full 64-bit value.
+    // With 49.7 days per 32-bit rollover, the 16-bit counter supports
+    // 49.7 days × 65536 = ~8900 years. This ensures correct scheduling
     // even when devices run for months. Split into two fields for better memory
     // alignment on 32-bit systems.
     uint32_t next_execution_low_;  // Lower 32 bits of execution time (millis value)

esphome/platformio_api.py

@@ -408,8 +408,7 @@ class IDEData:
 def analyze_memory_usage(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     """Analyze memory usage by component after compilation."""
     # Lazy import to avoid overhead when not needed
-    from esphome.analyze_memory.cli import MemoryAnalyzerCLI
-    from esphome.analyze_memory.helpers import get_esphome_components
+    from esphome.analyze_memory import MemoryAnalyzer
 
     idedata = get_idedata(config)
 
@@ -436,6 +435,8 @@ def analyze_memory_usage(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     external_components = set()
 
     # Get the list of built-in ESPHome components
+    from esphome.analyze_memory import get_esphome_components
+
     builtin_components = get_esphome_components()
 
     # Special non-component keys that appear in configs
@@ -456,9 +457,7 @@ def analyze_memory_usage(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
     _LOGGER.debug("Detected external components: %s", external_components)
 
     # Create analyzer and run analysis
-    analyzer = MemoryAnalyzerCLI(
-        elf_path, objdump_path, readelf_path, external_components
-    )
+    analyzer = MemoryAnalyzer(elf_path, objdump_path, readelf_path, external_components)
     analyzer.analyze()
 
     # Generate and print report

tests/components/gp8403/common.yaml

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ gp8403:
     voltage: 5V
   - id: gp8403_10v
     i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    model: GP8403
+    voltage: 10V
+  - id: gp8413
+    i2c_id: i2c_bus
+    model: GP8413
     voltage: 10V
 
 output:
@@ -15,3 +20,7 @@ output:
     gp8403_id: gp8403_10v
     id: gp8403_output_1
     channel: 1
+  - platform: gp8403
+    gp8403_id: gp8413
+    id: gp8413_output_2
+    channel: 1

tests/components/image/test.host.yaml

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 display:
   - platform: sdl
+    id: image_display
     auto_clear_enabled: false
     dimensions:
       width: 480

tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ lvgl:
           args: ['lv_event_code_name_for(event->code).c_str()']
       skip: true
       layout:
-        type: flex
+        type: Flex
         pad_row: 4
         pad_column: 4px
         flex_align_main: center
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ lvgl:
                 width: 100%
                 pad_all: 8
                 layout:
-                  type: grid
+                  type: GRid
                   grid_row_align: end
                   grid_rows: [25px, fr(1), content]
                   grid_columns: [40, fr(1), fr(1)]
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ lvgl:
                                 r_mod: -20
                                 opa: 0%
     - id: page3
-      layout: horizontal
+      layout: Horizontal
       widgets:
         - keyboard:
             id: lv_keyboard

tests/components/sdl/common.yaml

@@ -13,11 +13,14 @@ display:
 
 binary_sensor:
   - platform: sdl
+    sdl_id: sdl_display
     id: key_up
     key: SDLK_UP
   - platform: sdl
+    sdl_id: sdl_display
     id: key_down
     key: SDLK_DOWN
   - platform: sdl
+    sdl_id: sdl_display
     id: key_enter
     key: SDLK_RETURN