update tests

.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event.action != 'labeled' || github.event.sender.type != 'Bot'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:

.github/workflows/ci-clang-tidy-hash.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0

.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
           - "docker"
           # - "lint"
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:

.github/workflows/ci-memory-impact-comment.yml

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Check out code from base repository
         if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Always check out from the base repository (esphome/esphome), never from forks
           # Use the PR's target branch to ensure we run trusted code from the main repo

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       cache-key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.key }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Generate cache-key
         id: cache-key
         run: echo key="${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt', 'requirements_test.txt', '.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
     if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.python-linters == 'true'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         id: restore-python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ jobs:
       component-test-batches: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.component-test-batches }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Fetch enough history to find the merge base
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ jobs:
     if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-tests == 'true'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python 3.13
         id: python
         uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all == 'true' || needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components != '[]')
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ jobs:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ jobs:
           version: 1.0
 
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release')
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ jobs:
       skip: ${{ steps.check-script.outputs.skip }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out target branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.base_ref }}
 
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ jobs:
       flash_usage: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.flash_usage }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out PR branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ jobs:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ jobs:
             # your codebase is analyzed, see https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/creating-an-advanced-setup-for-code-scanning/codeql-code-scanning-for-compiled-languages
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@e12f0178983d466f2f6028f5cc7a6d786fd97f4b # v4.31.4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@014f16e7ab1402f30e7c3329d33797e7948572db # v4.31.3
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@e12f0178983d466f2f6028f5cc7a6d786fd97f4b # v4.31.4
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@014f16e7ab1402f30e7c3329d33797e7948572db # v4.31.3
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
       branch_build: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.branch_build }}
       deploy_env: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.deploy_env }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Get tag
         id: tag
         # yamllint disable rule:line-length
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
       id-token: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
             os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
         uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
           - ghcr
           - dockerhub
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Download digests
         uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0

.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Checkout Home Assistant
-        uses: actions/checkout@93cb6efe18208431cddfb8368fd83d5badbf9bfd # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           repository: home-assistant/core
           path: lib/home-assistant

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -741,13 +741,6 @@ def command_vscode(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
 
 
 def command_compile(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
-    # Set memory analysis options in config
-    if args.analyze_memory:
-        config.setdefault(CONF_ESPHOME, {})["analyze_memory"] = True
-
-    if args.memory_report:
-        config.setdefault(CONF_ESPHOME, {})["memory_report_file"] = args.memory_report
-
     exit_code = write_cpp(config)
     if exit_code != 0:
         return exit_code
@@ -1209,17 +1202,6 @@ def parse_args(argv):
         help="Only generate source code, do not compile.",
         action="store_true",
     )
-    parser_compile.add_argument(
-        "--analyze-memory",
-        help="Analyze and display memory usage by component after compilation.",
-        action="store_true",
-    )
-    parser_compile.add_argument(
-        "--memory-report",
-        help="Save memory analysis report to a file (supports .json or .txt).",
-        type=str,
-        metavar="FILE",
-    )
 
     parser_upload = subparsers.add_parser(
         "upload",

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ static const int CAMERA_STOP_STREAM = 5000;
 APIConnection::APIConnection(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> sock, APIServer *parent)
     : parent_(parent), initial_state_iterator_(this), list_entities_iterator_(this) {
 #if defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT) && defined(USE_API_NOISE)
-  auto &noise_ctx = parent->get_noise_ctx();
-  if (noise_ctx.has_psk()) {
+  auto noise_ctx = parent->get_noise_ctx();
+  if (noise_ctx->has_psk()) {
     this->helper_ =
         std::unique_ptr<APIFrameHelper>{new APINoiseFrameHelper(std::move(sock), noise_ctx, &this->client_info_)};
   } else {
@@ -1451,11 +1451,8 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   resp.set_suggested_area(StringRef(App.get_area()));
 #endif
-  // Stack buffer for MAC address (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0 = 18 bytes)
-  char mac_address[18];
-  uint8_t mac[6];
-  get_mac_address_raw(mac);
-  format_mac_addr_upper(mac, mac_address);
+  // mac_address must store temporary string - will be valid during send_message call
+  std::string mac_address = get_mac_address_pretty();
   resp.set_mac_address(StringRef(mac_address));
 
   resp.set_esphome_version(ESPHOME_VERSION_REF);
@@ -1496,9 +1493,8 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   resp.bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_feature_flags();
-  // Stack buffer for Bluetooth MAC address (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0 = 18 bytes)
-  char bluetooth_mac[18];
-  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(bluetooth_mac);
+  // bt_mac must store temporary string - will be valid during send_message call
+  std::string bluetooth_mac = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty();
   resp.set_bluetooth_mac_address(StringRef(bluetooth_mac));
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -84,7 +84,9 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
  public:
   APIFrameHelper() = default;
   explicit APIFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, const ClientInfo *client_info)
-      : socket_(std::move(socket)), client_info_(client_info) {}
+      : socket_owned_(std::move(socket)), client_info_(client_info) {
+    socket_ = socket_owned_.get();
+  }
   virtual ~APIFrameHelper() = default;
   virtual APIError init() = 0;
   virtual APIError loop();
@@ -147,8 +149,9 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf,
                       const std::string &info, StateEnum &state, StateEnum failed_state);
 
-  // Socket ownership (4 bytes on 32-bit, 8 bytes on 64-bit)
-  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_;
+  // Pointers first (4 bytes each)
+  socket::Socket *socket_{nullptr};
+  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_owned_;
 
   // Common state enum for all frame helpers
   // Note: Not all states are used by all implementations

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp

@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init_handshake_() {
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
 
-  const auto &psk = this->ctx_.get_psk();
+  const auto &psk = ctx_->get_psk();
   err = noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(handshake_, psk.data(), psk.size());
   aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key"),
                              APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h

@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
  public:
-  APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, APINoiseContext &ctx, const ClientInfo *client_info)
-      : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket), client_info), ctx_(ctx) {
+  APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> ctx,
+                      const ClientInfo *client_info)
+      : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket), client_info), ctx_(std::move(ctx)) {
     // Noise header structure:
     // Pos 0: indicator (0x01)
     // Pos 1-2: encrypted payload size (16-bit big-endian)
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   NoiseCipherState *send_cipher_{nullptr};
   NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher_{nullptr};
 
-  // Reference to noise context (4 bytes on 32-bit)
-  APINoiseContext &ctx_;
+  // Shared pointer (8 bytes on 32-bit = 4 bytes control block pointer + 4 bytes object pointer)
+  std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> ctx_;
 
   // Vector (12 bytes on 32-bit)
   std::vector<uint8_t> prologue_;

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -227,8 +227,8 @@ void APIServer::dump_config() {
                 "  Max connections: %u",
                 network::get_use_address(), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, this->max_connections_);
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Noise encryption: %s", YESNO(this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()));
-  if (!this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()) {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Noise encryption: %s", YESNO(this->noise_ctx_->has_psk()));
+  if (!this->noise_ctx_->has_psk()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Supports encryption: YES");
   }
 #else
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Key set in YAML");
   return false;
 #else
-  auto &old_psk = this->noise_ctx_.get_psk();
+  auto &old_psk = this->noise_ctx_->get_psk();
   if (std::equal(old_psk.begin(), old_psk.end(), psk.begin())) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "New PSK matches old");
     return true;

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active = true);
   bool clear_noise_psk(bool make_active = true);
-  void set_noise_psk(psk_t psk) { this->noise_ctx_.set_psk(psk); }
-  APINoiseContext &get_noise_ctx() { return this->noise_ctx_; }
+  void set_noise_psk(psk_t psk) { noise_ctx_->set_psk(psk); }
+  std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> get_noise_ctx() { return noise_ctx_; }
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 
   void handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn);
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   // 7 bytes used, 1 byte padding
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  APINoiseContext noise_ctx_;
+  std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> noise_ctx_ = std::make_shared<APINoiseContext>();
   ESPPreferenceObject noise_pref_;
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 };

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -51,14 +51,13 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
       return false;
     if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
       return false;
-    this->execute_(req.args, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+    this->execute_(req.args, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
     return true;
   }
 
  protected:
   virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
-  template<typename ArgsContainer, size_t... S>
-  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, std::index_sequence<S...> type) {
+  template<typename ArgsContainer, int... S> void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, seq<S...> type) {
     this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 
@@ -96,14 +95,13 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceDynamic : public UserServiceDescriptor
       return false;
     if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
       return false;
-    this->execute_(req.args, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+    this->execute_(req.args, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
     return true;
   }
 
  protected:
   virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
-  template<typename ArgsContainer, size_t... S>
-  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, std::index_sequence<S...> type) {
+  template<typename ArgsContainer, int... S> void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, seq<S...> type) {
     this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 

esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include "bh1750.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
-namespace esphome::bh1750 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace bh1750 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "bh1750.sensor";
 
@@ -13,31 +13,6 @@ static const uint8_t BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_L = 0b00100011;
 static const uint8_t BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H = 0b00100000;
 static const uint8_t BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H2 = 0b00100001;
 
-static constexpr uint32_t MEASUREMENT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
-static constexpr float HIGH_LIGHT_THRESHOLD_LX = 7000.0f;
-
-// Measurement time constants (datasheet values)
-static constexpr uint16_t MTREG_DEFAULT = 69;
-static constexpr uint16_t MTREG_MIN = 31;
-static constexpr uint16_t MTREG_MAX = 254;
-static constexpr uint16_t MEAS_TIME_L_MS = 24;   // L-resolution max measurement time @ mtreg=69
-static constexpr uint16_t MEAS_TIME_H_MS = 180;  // H/H2-resolution max measurement time @ mtreg=69
-
-// Conversion constants (datasheet formulas)
-static constexpr float RESOLUTION_DIVISOR = 1.2f;  // counts to lux conversion divisor
-static constexpr float MODE_H2_DIVISOR = 2.0f;     // H2 mode has 2x higher resolution
-
-// MTreg calculation constants
-static constexpr int COUNTS_TARGET = 50000;  // Target counts for optimal range (avoid saturation)
-static constexpr int COUNTS_NUMERATOR = 10;
-static constexpr int COUNTS_DENOMINATOR = 12;
-
-// MTreg register bit manipulation constants
-static constexpr uint8_t MTREG_HI_SHIFT = 5;       // High 3 bits start at bit 5
-static constexpr uint8_t MTREG_HI_MASK = 0b111;    // 3-bit mask for high bits
-static constexpr uint8_t MTREG_LO_SHIFT = 0;       // Low 5 bits start at bit 0
-static constexpr uint8_t MTREG_LO_MASK = 0b11111;  // 5-bit mask for low bits
-
 /*
 bh1750 properties:
 
@@ -68,7 +43,74 @@ void BH1750Sensor::setup() {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
-  this->state_ = IDLE;
+}
+
+void BH1750Sensor::read_lx_(BH1750Mode mode, uint8_t mtreg, const std::function<void(float)> &f) {
+  // turn on (after one-shot sensor automatically powers down)
+  uint8_t turn_on = BH1750_COMMAND_POWER_ON;
+  if (this->write(&turn_on, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Power on failed");
+    f(NAN);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (active_mtreg_ != mtreg) {
+    // set mtreg
+    uint8_t mtreg_hi = BH1750_COMMAND_MT_REG_HI | ((mtreg >> 5) & 0b111);
+    uint8_t mtreg_lo = BH1750_COMMAND_MT_REG_LO | ((mtreg >> 0) & 0b11111);
+    if (this->write(&mtreg_hi, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK || this->write(&mtreg_lo, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Set measurement time failed");
+      active_mtreg_ = 0;
+      f(NAN);
+      return;
+    }
+    active_mtreg_ = mtreg;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t cmd;
+  uint16_t meas_time;
+  switch (mode) {
+    case BH1750_MODE_L:
+      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_L;
+      meas_time = 24 * mtreg / 69;
+      break;
+    case BH1750_MODE_H:
+      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H;
+      meas_time = 180 * mtreg / 69;
+      break;
+    case BH1750_MODE_H2:
+      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H2;
+      meas_time = 180 * mtreg / 69;
+      break;
+    default:
+      f(NAN);
+      return;
+  }
+  if (this->write(&cmd, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Start measurement failed");
+    f(NAN);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // probably not needed, but adjust for rounding
+  meas_time++;
+
+  this->set_timeout("read", meas_time, [this, mode, mtreg, f]() {
+    uint16_t raw_value;
+    if (this->read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&raw_value), 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Read data failed");
+      f(NAN);
+      return;
+    }
+    raw_value = i2c::i2ctohs(raw_value);
+
+    float lx = float(raw_value) / 1.2f;
+    lx *= 69.0f / mtreg;
+    if (mode == BH1750_MODE_H2)
+      lx /= 2.0f;
+
+    f(lx);
+  });
 }
 
 void BH1750Sensor::dump_config() {
@@ -82,189 +124,45 @@ void BH1750Sensor::dump_config() {
 }
 
 void BH1750Sensor::update() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
-
-  // Start coarse measurement to determine optimal mode/mtreg
-  if (this->state_ != IDLE) {
-    // Safety timeout: reset if stuck
-    if (now - this->measurement_start_time_ > MEASUREMENT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Measurement timeout, resetting state");
-      this->state_ = IDLE;
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Previous measurement not complete, skipping update");
+  // first do a quick measurement in L-mode with full range
+  // to find right range
+  this->read_lx_(BH1750_MODE_L, 31, [this](float val) {
+    if (std::isnan(val)) {
+      this->status_set_warning();
+      this->publish_state(NAN);
       return;
     }
-  }
 
-  if (!this->start_measurement_(BH1750_MODE_L, MTREG_MIN, now)) {
-    this->status_set_warning();
-    this->publish_state(NAN);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  this->state_ = WAITING_COARSE_MEASUREMENT;
-  this->enable_loop();  // Enable loop while measurement in progress
-}
-
-void BH1750Sensor::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-
-  switch (this->state_) {
-    case IDLE:
-      // Disable loop when idle to save cycles
-      this->disable_loop();
-      break;
-
-    case WAITING_COARSE_MEASUREMENT:
-      if (now - this->measurement_start_time_ >= this->measurement_duration_) {
-        this->state_ = READING_COARSE_RESULT;
-      }
-      break;
-
-    case READING_COARSE_RESULT: {
-      float lx;
-      if (!this->read_measurement_(lx)) {
-        this->fail_and_reset_();
-        break;
-      }
-
-      this->process_coarse_result_(lx);
-
-      // Start fine measurement with optimal settings
-      // fetch millis() again since the read can take a bit
-      if (!this->start_measurement_(this->fine_mode_, this->fine_mtreg_, millis())) {
-        this->fail_and_reset_();
-        break;
-      }
-
-      this->state_ = WAITING_FINE_MEASUREMENT;
-      break;
+    BH1750Mode use_mode;
+    uint8_t use_mtreg;
+    if (val <= 7000) {
+      use_mode = BH1750_MODE_H2;
+      use_mtreg = 254;
+    } else {
+      use_mode = BH1750_MODE_H;
+      // lx = counts / 1.2 * (69 / mtreg)
+      // -> mtreg = counts / 1.2 * (69 / lx)
+      // calculate for counts=50000 (allow some range to not saturate, but maximize mtreg)
+      // -> mtreg = 50000*(10/12)*(69/lx)
+      int ideal_mtreg = 50000 * 10 * 69 / (12 * (int) val);
+      use_mtreg = std::min(254, std::max(31, ideal_mtreg));
     }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "L result: %f -> Calculated mode=%d, mtreg=%d", val, (int) use_mode, use_mtreg);
 
-    case WAITING_FINE_MEASUREMENT:
-      if (now - this->measurement_start_time_ >= this->measurement_duration_) {
-        this->state_ = READING_FINE_RESULT;
+    this->read_lx_(use_mode, use_mtreg, [this](float val) {
+      if (std::isnan(val)) {
+        this->status_set_warning();
+        this->publish_state(NAN);
+        return;
       }
-      break;
-
-    case READING_FINE_RESULT: {
-      float lx;
-      if (!this->read_measurement_(lx)) {
-        this->fail_and_reset_();
-        break;
-      }
-
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Illuminance=%.1flx", this->get_name().c_str(), lx);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Illuminance=%.1flx", this->get_name().c_str(), val);
       this->status_clear_warning();
-      this->publish_state(lx);
-      this->state_ = IDLE;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-bool BH1750Sensor::start_measurement_(BH1750Mode mode, uint8_t mtreg, uint32_t now) {
-  // Power on
-  uint8_t turn_on = BH1750_COMMAND_POWER_ON;
-  if (this->write(&turn_on, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Power on failed");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Set MTreg if changed
-  if (this->active_mtreg_ != mtreg) {
-    uint8_t mtreg_hi = BH1750_COMMAND_MT_REG_HI | ((mtreg >> MTREG_HI_SHIFT) & MTREG_HI_MASK);
-    uint8_t mtreg_lo = BH1750_COMMAND_MT_REG_LO | ((mtreg >> MTREG_LO_SHIFT) & MTREG_LO_MASK);
-    if (this->write(&mtreg_hi, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK || this->write(&mtreg_lo, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Set measurement time failed");
-      this->active_mtreg_ = 0;
-      return false;
-    }
-    this->active_mtreg_ = mtreg;
-  }
-
-  // Start measurement
-  uint8_t cmd;
-  uint16_t meas_time;
-  switch (mode) {
-    case BH1750_MODE_L:
-      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_L;
-      meas_time = MEAS_TIME_L_MS * mtreg / MTREG_DEFAULT;
-      break;
-    case BH1750_MODE_H:
-      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H;
-      meas_time = MEAS_TIME_H_MS * mtreg / MTREG_DEFAULT;
-      break;
-    case BH1750_MODE_H2:
-      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H2;
-      meas_time = MEAS_TIME_H_MS * mtreg / MTREG_DEFAULT;
-      break;
-    default:
-      return false;
-  }
-
-  if (this->write(&cmd, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Start measurement failed");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Store current measurement parameters
-  this->current_mode_ = mode;
-  this->current_mtreg_ = mtreg;
-  this->measurement_start_time_ = now;
-  this->measurement_duration_ = meas_time + 1;  // Add 1ms for safety
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool BH1750Sensor::read_measurement_(float &lx_out) {
-  uint16_t raw_value;
-  if (this->read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&raw_value), 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Read data failed");
-    return false;
-  }
-  raw_value = i2c::i2ctohs(raw_value);
-
-  float lx = float(raw_value) / RESOLUTION_DIVISOR;
-  lx *= float(MTREG_DEFAULT) / this->current_mtreg_;
-  if (this->current_mode_ == BH1750_MODE_H2) {
-    lx /= MODE_H2_DIVISOR;
-  }
-
-  lx_out = lx;
-  return true;
-}
-
-void BH1750Sensor::process_coarse_result_(float lx) {
-  if (std::isnan(lx)) {
-    // Use defaults if coarse measurement failed
-    this->fine_mode_ = BH1750_MODE_H2;
-    this->fine_mtreg_ = MTREG_MAX;
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (lx <= HIGH_LIGHT_THRESHOLD_LX) {
-    this->fine_mode_ = BH1750_MODE_H2;
-    this->fine_mtreg_ = MTREG_MAX;
-  } else {
-    this->fine_mode_ = BH1750_MODE_H;
-    // lx = counts / 1.2 * (69 / mtreg)
-    // -> mtreg = counts / 1.2 * (69 / lx)
-    // calculate for counts=50000 (allow some range to not saturate, but maximize mtreg)
-    // -> mtreg = 50000*(10/12)*(69/lx)
-    int ideal_mtreg = COUNTS_TARGET * COUNTS_NUMERATOR * MTREG_DEFAULT / (COUNTS_DENOMINATOR * (int) lx);
-    this->fine_mtreg_ = std::min((int) MTREG_MAX, std::max((int) MTREG_MIN, ideal_mtreg));
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "L result: %.1f -> Calculated mode=%d, mtreg=%d", lx, (int) this->fine_mode_, this->fine_mtreg_);
-}
-
-void BH1750Sensor::fail_and_reset_() {
-  this->status_set_warning();
-  this->publish_state(NAN);
-  this->state_ = IDLE;
+      this->publish_state(val);
+    });
+  });
 }
 
 float BH1750Sensor::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::bh1750
+}  // namespace bh1750
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.h

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
 
-namespace esphome::bh1750 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace bh1750 {
 
-enum BH1750Mode : uint8_t {
+enum BH1750Mode {
   BH1750_MODE_L,
   BH1750_MODE_H,
   BH1750_MODE_H2,
@@ -20,36 +21,13 @@ class BH1750Sensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void update() override;
-  void loop() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
  protected:
-  // State machine states
-  enum State : uint8_t {
-    IDLE,
-    WAITING_COARSE_MEASUREMENT,
-    READING_COARSE_RESULT,
-    WAITING_FINE_MEASUREMENT,
-    READING_FINE_RESULT,
-  };
+  void read_lx_(BH1750Mode mode, uint8_t mtreg, const std::function<void(float)> &f);
 
-  // 4-byte aligned members
-  uint32_t measurement_start_time_{0};
-  uint32_t measurement_duration_{0};
-
-  // 1-byte members grouped together to minimize padding
-  State state_{IDLE};
-  BH1750Mode current_mode_{BH1750_MODE_L};
-  uint8_t current_mtreg_{31};
-  BH1750Mode fine_mode_{BH1750_MODE_H2};
-  uint8_t fine_mtreg_{254};
   uint8_t active_mtreg_{0};
-
-  // Helper methods
-  bool start_measurement_(BH1750Mode mode, uint8_t mtreg, uint32_t now);
-  bool read_measurement_(float &lx_out);
-  void process_coarse_result_(float lx);
-  void fail_and_reset_();
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::bh1750
+}  // namespace bh1750
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ble_client/automation.h

@@ -122,19 +122,16 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
   void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
     this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
-
-    bool result;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> value;
     if (this->len_ >= 0) {
-      // Static mode: write directly from flash pointer
-      result = this->write(this->value_.data, this->len_);
+      // Static mode: copy from flash to vector
+      value.assign(this->value_.data, this->value_.data + this->len_);
     } else {
-      // Template mode: call function and write the vector
-      std::vector<uint8_t> value = this->value_.func(x...);
-      result = this->write(value);
+      // Template mode: call function
+      value = this->value_.func(x...);
     }
-
     // on write failure, continue the automation chain rather than stopping so that e.g. disconnect can work.
-    if (!result)
+    if (!write(value))
       this->play_next_(x...);
   }
 
@@ -147,15 +144,15 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
    * errors.
    */
   // initiate the write. Return true if all went well, will be followed by a WRITE_CHAR event.
-  bool write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  bool write(const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) {
     if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
       esph_log_w(Automation::TAG, "Cannot write to BLE characteristic - not connected");
       return false;
     }
-    esph_log_vv(Automation::TAG, "Will write %d bytes: %s", len, format_hex_pretty(data, len).c_str());
-    esp_err_t err =
-        esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(), this->parent()->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_, len,
-                                 const_cast<uint8_t *>(data), this->write_type_, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
+    esph_log_vv(Automation::TAG, "Will write %d bytes: %s", value.size(), format_hex_pretty(value).c_str());
+    esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(), this->parent()->get_conn_id(),
+                                             this->char_handle_, value.size(), const_cast<uint8_t *>(value.data()),
+                                             this->write_type_, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       esph_log_e(Automation::TAG, "Error writing to characteristic: %s!", esp_err_to_name(err));
       return false;
@@ -163,8 +160,6 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
     return true;
   }
 
-  bool write(const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) { return this->write(value.data(), value.size()); }
-
   void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
                            esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override {
     switch (event) {

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h

@@ -130,9 +130,11 @@ class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, publ
     return flags;
   }
 
-  void get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(std::span<char, 18> output) {
+  std::string get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty() {
     const uint8_t *mac = esp_bt_dev_get_address();
-    format_mac_addr_upper(mac, output.data());
+    char buf[18];
+    format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf);
+    return std::string(buf);
   }
 
  protected:

esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/bme68x_bsec2.cpp

@@ -70,9 +70,6 @@ void BME68xBSEC2Component::dump_config() {
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Communication failed (BSEC2 status: %d, BME68X status: %d)", this->bsec_status_,
              this->bme68x_status_);
-    if (this->bsec_status_ == BSEC_I_SU_SUBSCRIBEDOUTPUTGATES) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No sensors, add at least one sensor to the config");
-    }
   }
 
   if (this->algorithm_output_ != ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_IAQ) {

esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py

@@ -72,16 +72,6 @@ def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
             "Add 'ap:' to your WiFi configuration to enable the captive portal."
         )
 
-    # Register socket needs for DNS server and additional HTTP connections
-    # - 1 UDP socket for DNS server
-    # - 3 additional TCP sockets for captive portal detection probes + configuration requests
-    #   OS captive portal detection makes multiple probe requests that stay in TIME_WAIT.
-    #   Need headroom for actual user configuration requests.
-    #   LRU purging will reclaim idle sockets to prevent exhaustion from repeated attempts.
-    from esphome.components import socket
-
-    socket.consume_sockets(4, "captive_portal")(config)
-
     return config
 
 

esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp

@@ -13,16 +13,14 @@ static const char *const TAG = "captive_portal";
 void CaptivePortal::handle_config(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   AsyncResponseStream *stream = request->beginResponseStream(ESPHOME_F("application/json"));
   stream->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("cache-control"), ESPHOME_F("public, max-age=0, must-revalidate"));
-  char mac_s[18];
-  const char *mac_str = get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_s);
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("{\"mac\":\""));
-  stream->print(mac_str);
+  stream->print(get_mac_address_pretty().c_str());
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",\"name\":\""));
   stream->print(App.get_name().c_str());
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",\"aps\":[{}"));
 #else
-  stream->printf(R"({"mac":"%s","name":"%s","aps":[{})", mac_str, App.get_name().c_str());
+  stream->printf(R"({"mac":"%s","name":"%s","aps":[{})", get_mac_address_pretty().c_str(), App.get_name().c_str());
 #endif
 
   for (auto &scan : wifi::global_wifi_component->get_scan_result()) {
@@ -52,8 +50,8 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_wifisave(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Requested WiFi Settings Change:");
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  SSID='%s'", ssid.c_str());
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Password=" LOG_SECRET("'%s'"), psk.c_str());
-  // Defer save to main loop thread to avoid NVS operations from HTTP thread
-  this->defer([ssid, psk]() { wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(ssid, psk); });
+  wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(ssid, psk);
+  wifi::global_wifi_component->start_scanning();
   request->redirect(ESPHOME_F("/?save"));
 }
 
@@ -65,12 +63,6 @@ void CaptivePortal::start() {
   this->base_->init();
   if (!this->initialized_) {
     this->base_->add_handler(this);
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-    // Enable LRU socket purging to handle captive portal detection probe bursts
-    // OS captive portal detection makes many simultaneous HTTP requests which can
-    // exhaust sockets. LRU purging automatically closes oldest idle connections.
-    this->base_->get_server()->set_lru_purge_enable(true);
-#endif
   }
 
   network::IPAddress ip = wifi::global_wifi_component->wifi_soft_ap_ip();

esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.h

@@ -40,10 +40,6 @@ class CaptivePortal : public AsyncWebHandler, public Component {
   void end() {
     this->active_ = false;
     this->disable_loop();  // Stop processing DNS requests
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-    // Disable LRU socket purging now that captive portal is done
-    this->base_->get_server()->set_lru_purge_enable(false);
-#endif
     this->base_->deinit();
     if (this->dns_server_ != nullptr) {
       this->dns_server_->stop();

esphome/components/cover/automation.h

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "cover.h"
 
-namespace esphome::cover {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace cover {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class OpenAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
@@ -130,4 +131,5 @@ class CoverClosedTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::cover
+}  // namespace cover
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome::cover {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace cover {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "cover";
 
@@ -211,4 +212,5 @@ void CoverRestoreState::apply(Cover *cover) {
   cover->publish_state();
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::cover
+}  // namespace cover
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/cover/cover.h

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 
 #include "cover_traits.h"
 
-namespace esphome::cover {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace cover {
 
 const extern float COVER_OPEN;
 const extern float COVER_CLOSED;
@@ -156,4 +157,5 @@ class Cover : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
   ESPPreferenceObject rtc_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::cover
+}  // namespace cover
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/cover/cover_traits.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-namespace esphome::cover {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace cover {
 
 class CoverTraits {
  public:
@@ -25,4 +26,5 @@ class CoverTraits {
   bool supports_stop_{false};
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::cover
+}  // namespace cover
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/dashboard_import/dashboard_import.cpp

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace dashboard_import {
 
-static const char *g_package_import_url = "";  // NOLINT
+static std::string g_package_import_url;  // NOLINT
 
-const char *get_package_import_url() { return g_package_import_url; }
-void set_package_import_url(const char *url) { g_package_import_url = url; }
+const std::string &get_package_import_url() { return g_package_import_url; }
+void set_package_import_url(std::string url) { g_package_import_url = std::move(url); }
 
 }  // namespace dashboard_import
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/dashboard_import/dashboard_import.h

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <string>
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace dashboard_import {
 
-const char *get_package_import_url();
-void set_package_import_url(const char *url);
+const std::string &get_package_import_url();
+void set_package_import_url(std::string url);
 
 }  // namespace dashboard_import
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -931,12 +931,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", True)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_PHY_REDUCE_TX_POWER", True)
 
-        # ESP32-S2 Arduino: Disable USB Serial on boot to avoid TinyUSB dependency
-        if get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32S2:
-            cg.add_build_unflag("-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1")
-            cg.add_build_unflag("-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0")
-            cg.add_build_flag("-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0")
-
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wno-nonnull-compare")
 
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option(f"CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_{variant}", True)

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp

@@ -96,10 +96,6 @@ void ESP32BLE::advertising_set_service_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 }
 
 void ESP32BLE::advertising_set_manufacturer_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  this->advertising_set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t>(data));
-}
-
-void ESP32BLE::advertising_set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   this->advertising_init_();
   this->advertising_->set_manufacturer_data(data);
   this->advertising_start();

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h

@@ -118,7 +118,6 @@ class ESP32BLE : public Component {
   void advertising_start();
   void advertising_set_service_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
   void advertising_set_manufacturer_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
-  void advertising_set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data);
   void advertising_set_appearance(uint16_t appearance) { this->appearance_ = appearance; }
   void advertising_set_service_data_and_name(std::span<const uint8_t> data, bool include_name);
   void advertising_add_service_uuid(ESPBTUUID uuid);

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.cpp

@@ -59,10 +59,6 @@ void BLEAdvertising::set_service_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 }
 
 void BLEAdvertising::set_manufacturer_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  this->set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t>(data));
-}
-
-void BLEAdvertising::set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   delete[] this->advertising_data_.p_manufacturer_data;
   this->advertising_data_.p_manufacturer_data = nullptr;
   this->advertising_data_.manufacturer_len = data.size();

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.h

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ class BLEAdvertising {
   void set_scan_response(bool scan_response) { this->scan_response_ = scan_response; }
   void set_min_preferred_interval(uint16_t interval) { this->advertising_data_.min_interval = interval; }
   void set_manufacturer_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
-  void set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data);
   void set_appearance(uint16_t appearance) { this->advertising_data_.appearance = appearance; }
   void set_service_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
   void set_service_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data);

esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/esp32_ble_beacon.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "esp32_ble_beacon.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp

@@ -389,8 +389,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       if (this->conn_id_ != param->search_res.conn_id)
         return false;
       this->service_count_++;
-      if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE ||
-          this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
+      if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) {
         // V3 clients don't need services initialized since
         // as they use the ESP APIs to get services.
         break;

esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py

@@ -20,10 +20,6 @@ CONF_ON_STOP = "on_stop"
 CONF_STATUS_INDICATOR = "status_indicator"
 CONF_WIFI_TIMEOUT = "wifi_timeout"
 
-# Default WiFi timeout - aligned with WiFi component ap_timeout
-# Allows sufficient time to try all BSSIDs before starting provisioning mode
-DEFAULT_WIFI_TIMEOUT = "90s"
-
 
 improv_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("improv")
 Error = improv_ns.enum("Error")
@@ -63,7 +59,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 CONF_AUTHORIZED_DURATION, default="1min"
             ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
             cv.Optional(
-                CONF_WIFI_TIMEOUT, default=DEFAULT_WIFI_TIMEOUT
+                CONF_WIFI_TIMEOUT, default="1min"
             ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_PROVISIONED): automation.validate_automation(
                 {

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp

@@ -127,7 +127,6 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::loop() {
           // Set initial state based on whether we have an authorizer
           this->set_state_(this->get_initial_state_(), false);
           this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_NONE);
-          this->should_start_ = false;  // Clear flag after starting
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Service started!");
         }
       }

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.h

@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ class ESP32ImprovComponent : public Component, public improv_base::ImprovBase {
   void start();
   void stop();
   bool is_active() const { return this->state_ != improv::STATE_STOPPED; }
-  bool should_start() const { return this->should_start_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_IMPROV_STATE_CALLBACK
   void add_on_state_callback(std::function<void(improv::State, improv::Error)> &&callback) {

esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py

@@ -383,7 +383,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(var.set_use_address(config[CONF_USE_ADDRESS]))
 
     if CONF_MANUAL_IP in config:
-        cg.add_define("USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP")
         cg.add(var.set_manual_ip(manual_ip(config[CONF_MANUAL_IP])))
 
     # Add compile-time define for PHY types with specific code

esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.cpp

@@ -553,14 +553,11 @@ void EthernetComponent::start_connect_() {
   }
 
   esp_netif_ip_info_t info;
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
   if (this->manual_ip_.has_value()) {
     info.ip = this->manual_ip_->static_ip;
     info.gw = this->manual_ip_->gateway;
     info.netmask = this->manual_ip_->subnet;
-  } else
-#endif
-  {
+  } else {
     info.ip.addr = 0;
     info.gw.addr = 0;
     info.netmask.addr = 0;
@@ -581,7 +578,6 @@ void EthernetComponent::start_connect_() {
   err = esp_netif_set_ip_info(this->eth_netif_, &info);
   ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "DHCPC set IP info error");
 
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
   if (this->manual_ip_.has_value()) {
     LwIPLock lock;
     if (this->manual_ip_->dns1.is_set()) {
@@ -594,9 +590,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::start_connect_() {
       d = this->manual_ip_->dns2;
       dns_setserver(1, &d);
     }
-  } else
-#endif
-  {
+  } else {
     err = esp_netif_dhcpc_start(this->eth_netif_);
     if (err != ESP_ERR_ESP_NETIF_DHCP_ALREADY_STARTED) {
       ESPHL_ERROR_CHECK(err, "DHCPC start error");
@@ -694,9 +688,7 @@ void EthernetComponent::set_clk_mode(emac_rmii_clock_mode_t clk_mode) { this->cl
 void EthernetComponent::add_phy_register(PHYRegister register_value) { this->phy_registers_.push_back(register_value); }
 #endif
 void EthernetComponent::set_type(EthernetType type) { this->type_ = type; }
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
 void EthernetComponent::set_manual_ip(const ManualIP &manual_ip) { this->manual_ip_ = manual_ip; }
-#endif
 
 // set_use_address() is guaranteed to be called during component setup by Python code generation,
 // so use_address_ will always be valid when get_use_address() is called - no fallback needed.

esphome/components/ethernet/ethernet_component.h

@@ -82,9 +82,7 @@ class EthernetComponent : public Component {
   void add_phy_register(PHYRegister register_value);
 #endif
   void set_type(EthernetType type);
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
   void set_manual_ip(const ManualIP &manual_ip);
-#endif
   void set_fixed_mac(const std::array<uint8_t, 6> &mac) { this->fixed_mac_ = mac; }
 
   network::IPAddresses get_ip_addresses();
@@ -139,9 +137,7 @@ class EthernetComponent : public Component {
   uint8_t mdc_pin_{23};
   uint8_t mdio_pin_{18};
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_ETHERNET_MANUAL_IP
   optional<ManualIP> manual_ip_{};
-#endif
   uint32_t connect_begin_;
 
   // Group all uint8_t types together (enums and bools)

esphome/components/font/__init__.py

@@ -486,8 +486,6 @@ class GlyphInfo:
 
 
 def glyph_to_glyphinfo(glyph, font, size, bpp):
-    # Convert to 32 bit unicode codepoint
-    glyph = ord(glyph)
     scale = 256 // (1 << bpp)
     if not font.is_scalable:
         sizes = [pt_to_px(x.size) for x in font.available_sizes]

esphome/components/font/font.cpp

@@ -6,147 +6,42 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace font {
+
 static const char *const TAG = "font";
 
-#ifdef USE_LVGL_FONT
-const uint8_t *Font::get_glyph_bitmap(const lv_font_t *font, uint32_t unicode_letter) {
-  auto *fe = (Font *) font->dsc;
-  const auto *gd = fe->get_glyph_data_(unicode_letter);
-  if (gd == nullptr) {
-    return nullptr;
+// Compare the char at the string position with this char.
+// Return true if this char is less than or equal the other.
+bool Glyph::compare_to(const uint8_t *str) const {
+  // 1 -> this->char_
+  // 2 -> str
+  for (uint32_t i = 0;; i++) {
+    if (this->a_char[i] == '\0')
+      return true;
+    if (str[i] == '\0')
+      return false;
+    if (this->a_char[i] > str[i])
+      return false;
+    if (this->a_char[i] < str[i])
+      return true;
   }
-  return gd->data;
+  // this should not happen
+  return false;
 }
-
-bool Font::get_glyph_dsc_cb(const lv_font_t *font, lv_font_glyph_dsc_t *dsc, uint32_t unicode_letter, uint32_t next) {
-  auto *fe = (Font *) font->dsc;
-  const auto *gd = fe->get_glyph_data_(unicode_letter);
-  if (gd == nullptr) {
-    return false;
+int Glyph::match_length(const uint8_t *str) const {
+  for (uint32_t i = 0;; i++) {
+    if (this->a_char[i] == '\0')
+      return i;
+    if (str[i] != this->a_char[i])
+      return 0;
   }
-  dsc->adv_w = gd->advance;
-  dsc->ofs_x = gd->offset_x;
-  dsc->ofs_y = fe->height_ - gd->height - gd->offset_y - fe->lv_font_.base_line;
-  dsc->box_w = gd->width;
-  dsc->box_h = gd->height;
-  dsc->is_placeholder = 0;
-  dsc->bpp = fe->get_bpp();
-  return true;
+  // this should not happen
+  return 0;
 }
-
-const Glyph *Font::get_glyph_data_(uint32_t unicode_letter) {
-  if (unicode_letter == this->last_letter_ && this->last_letter_ != 0)
-    return this->last_data_;
-  auto *glyph = this->find_glyph(unicode_letter);
-  if (glyph == nullptr) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  this->last_data_ = glyph;
-  this->last_letter_ = unicode_letter;
-  return glyph;
-}
-#endif
-
-/**
- *  Attempt to extract a 32 bit Unicode codepoint from a UTF-8 string.
- *  If successful, return the codepoint and set the length to the number of bytes read.
- *  If the end of the string has been reached and a valid codepoint has not been found, return 0 and set the length to
- * 0.
- *
- * @param utf8_str The input string
- * @param length Pointer to length storage
- * @return The extracted code point
- */
-static uint32_t extract_unicode_codepoint(const char *utf8_str, size_t *length) {
-  // Safely cast to uint8_t* for correct bitwise operations on bytes
-  const uint8_t *current = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(utf8_str);
-  uint32_t code_point = 0;
-  uint8_t c1 = *current++;
-
-  // check for end of string
-  if (c1 == 0) {
-    *length = 0;
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  // --- 1-Byte Sequence: 0xxxxxxx (ASCII) ---
-  if (c1 < 0x80) {
-    // Valid ASCII byte.
-    code_point = c1;
-    // Optimization: No need to check for continuation bytes.
-  }
-  // --- 2-Byte Sequence: 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx ---
-  else if ((c1 & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
-    uint8_t c2 = *current++;
-
-    // Error Check 1: Check if c2 is a valid continuation byte (10xxxxxx)
-    if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
-      *length = 0;
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    code_point = (c1 & 0x1F) << 6;
-    code_point |= (c2 & 0x3F);
-
-    // Error Check 2: Overlong check (2-byte must be > 0x7F)
-    if (code_point <= 0x7F) {
-      *length = 0;
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  // --- 3-Byte Sequence: 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx ---
-  else if ((c1 & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
-    uint8_t c2 = *current++;
-    uint8_t c3 = *current++;
-
-    // Error Check 1: Check continuation bytes
-    if (((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) || ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)) {
-      *length = 0;
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    code_point = (c1 & 0x0F) << 12;
-    code_point |= (c2 & 0x3F) << 6;
-    code_point |= (c3 & 0x3F);
-
-    // Error Check 2: Overlong check (3-byte must be > 0x7FF)
-    // Also check for surrogates (0xD800-0xDFFF)
-    if (code_point <= 0x7FF || (code_point >= 0xD800 && code_point <= 0xDFFF)) {
-      *length = 0;
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  // --- 4-Byte Sequence: 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx ---
-  else if ((c1 & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
-    uint8_t c2 = *current++;
-    uint8_t c3 = *current++;
-    uint8_t c4 = *current++;
-
-    // Error Check 1: Check continuation bytes
-    if (((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) || ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80) || ((c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)) {
-      *length = 0;
-      return 0;
-    }
-
-    code_point = (c1 & 0x07) << 18;
-    code_point |= (c2 & 0x3F) << 12;
-    code_point |= (c3 & 0x3F) << 6;
-    code_point |= (c4 & 0x3F);
-
-    // Error Check 2: Overlong check (4-byte must be > 0xFFFF)
-    // Also check for valid Unicode range (must be <= 0x10FFFF)
-    if (code_point <= 0xFFFF || code_point > 0x10FFFF) {
-      *length = 0;
-      return 0;
-    }
-  }
-  // --- Invalid leading byte (e.g., 10xxxxxx or 11111xxx) ---
-  else {
-    *length = 0;
-    return 0;
-  }
-  *length = current - reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(utf8_str);
-  return code_point;
+void Glyph::scan_area(int *x1, int *y1, int *width, int *height) const {
+  *x1 = this->offset_x;
+  *y1 = this->offset_y;
+  *width = this->width;
+  *height = this->height;
 }
 
 Font::Font(const Glyph *data, int data_nr, int baseline, int height, int descender, int xheight, int capheight,
@@ -158,93 +53,82 @@ Font::Font(const Glyph *data, int data_nr, int baseline, int height, int descend
       linegap_(height - baseline - descender),
       xheight_(xheight),
       capheight_(capheight),
-      bpp_(bpp) {
-#ifdef USE_LVGL_FONT
-  this->lv_font_.dsc = this;
-  this->lv_font_.line_height = this->get_height();
-  this->lv_font_.base_line = this->lv_font_.line_height - this->get_baseline();
-  this->lv_font_.get_glyph_dsc = get_glyph_dsc_cb;
-  this->lv_font_.get_glyph_bitmap = get_glyph_bitmap;
-  this->lv_font_.subpx = LV_FONT_SUBPX_NONE;
-  this->lv_font_.underline_position = -1;
-  this->lv_font_.underline_thickness = 1;
-#endif
-}
-
-const Glyph *Font::find_glyph(uint32_t codepoint) const {
+      bpp_(bpp) {}
+int Font::match_next_glyph(const uint8_t *str, int *match_length) const {
   int lo = 0;
   int hi = this->glyphs_.size() - 1;
   while (lo != hi) {
     int mid = (lo + hi + 1) / 2;
-    if (this->glyphs_[mid].is_less_or_equal(codepoint)) {
+    if (this->glyphs_[mid].compare_to(str)) {
       lo = mid;
     } else {
       hi = mid - 1;
     }
   }
-  auto *result = &this->glyphs_[lo];
-  if (result->code_point == codepoint)
-    return result;
-  return nullptr;
+  *match_length = this->glyphs_[lo].match_length(str);
+  if (*match_length <= 0)
+    return -1;
+  return lo;
 }
-
 #ifdef USE_DISPLAY
 void Font::measure(const char *str, int *width, int *x_offset, int *baseline, int *height) {
   *baseline = this->baseline_;
   *height = this->height_;
+  int i = 0;
   int min_x = 0;
   bool has_char = false;
   int x = 0;
-  for (;;) {
-    size_t length;
-    auto code_point = extract_unicode_codepoint(str, &length);
-    if (length == 0)
-      break;
-    str += length;
-    auto *glyph = this->find_glyph(code_point);
-    if (glyph == nullptr) {
+  while (str[i] != '\0') {
+    int match_length;
+    int glyph_n = this->match_next_glyph((const uint8_t *) str + i, &match_length);
+    if (glyph_n < 0) {
       // Unknown char, skip
-      if (!this->glyphs_.empty())
-        x += this->glyphs_[0].advance;
+      if (!this->get_glyphs().empty())
+        x += this->get_glyphs()[0].advance;
+      i++;
       continue;
     }
 
+    const Glyph &glyph = this->glyphs_[glyph_n];
     if (!has_char) {
-      min_x = glyph->offset_x;
+      min_x = glyph.offset_x;
     } else {
-      min_x = std::min(min_x, x + glyph->offset_x);
+      min_x = std::min(min_x, x + glyph.offset_x);
     }
-    x += glyph->advance;
+    x += glyph.advance;
 
+    i += match_length;
     has_char = true;
   }
   *x_offset = min_x;
   *width = x - min_x;
 }
-
 void Font::print(int x_start, int y_start, display::Display *display, Color color, const char *text, Color background) {
+  int i = 0;
   int x_at = x_start;
-  for (;;) {
-    size_t length;
-    auto code_point = extract_unicode_codepoint(text, &length);
-    if (length == 0)
-      break;
-    text += length;
-    auto *glyph = this->find_glyph(code_point);
-    if (glyph == nullptr) {
+  int scan_x1, scan_y1, scan_width, scan_height;
+  while (text[i] != '\0') {
+    int match_length;
+    int glyph_n = this->match_next_glyph((const uint8_t *) text + i, &match_length);
+    if (glyph_n < 0) {
       // Unknown char, skip
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Codepoint 0x%08" PRIx32 " not found in font", code_point);
-      if (!this->glyphs_.empty()) {
-        uint8_t glyph_width = this->glyphs_[0].advance;
-        display->rectangle(x_at, y_start, glyph_width, this->height_, color);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Encountered character without representation in font: '%c'", text[i]);
+      if (!this->get_glyphs().empty()) {
+        uint8_t glyph_width = this->get_glyphs()[0].advance;
+        display->filled_rectangle(x_at, y_start, glyph_width, this->height_, color);
         x_at += glyph_width;
       }
+
+      i++;
       continue;
     }
 
-    const uint8_t *data = glyph->data;
-    const int max_x = x_at + glyph->offset_x + glyph->width;
-    const int max_y = y_start + glyph->offset_y + glyph->height;
+    const Glyph &glyph = this->get_glyphs()[glyph_n];
+    glyph.scan_area(&scan_x1, &scan_y1, &scan_width, &scan_height);
+
+    const uint8_t *data = glyph.data;
+    const int max_x = x_at + scan_x1 + scan_width;
+    const int max_y = y_start + scan_y1 + scan_height;
 
     uint8_t bitmask = 0;
     uint8_t pixel_data = 0;
@@ -257,10 +141,10 @@ void Font::print(int x_start, int y_start, display::Display *display, Color colo
     auto b_g = (float) background.g;
     auto b_b = (float) background.b;
     auto b_w = (float) background.w;
-    for (int glyph_y = y_start + glyph->offset_y; glyph_y != max_y; glyph_y++) {
-      for (int glyph_x = x_at + glyph->offset_x; glyph_x != max_x; glyph_x++) {
+    for (int glyph_y = y_start + scan_y1; glyph_y != max_y; glyph_y++) {
+      for (int glyph_x = x_at + scan_x1; glyph_x != max_x; glyph_x++) {
         uint8_t pixel = 0;
-        for (uint8_t bit_num = 0; bit_num != this->bpp_; bit_num++) {
+        for (int bit_num = 0; bit_num != this->bpp_; bit_num++) {
           if (bitmask == 0) {
             pixel_data = progmem_read_byte(data++);
             bitmask = 0x80;
@@ -280,9 +164,12 @@ void Font::print(int x_start, int y_start, display::Display *display, Color colo
         }
       }
     }
-    x_at += glyph->advance;
+    x_at += glyph.advance;
+
+    i += match_length;
   }
 }
 #endif
+
 }  // namespace font
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/font/font.h

@@ -6,9 +6,6 @@
 #ifdef USE_DISPLAY
 #include "esphome/components/display/display.h"
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_LVGL_FONT
-#include <lvgl.h>
-#endif
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace font {
@@ -17,9 +14,9 @@ class Font;
 
 class Glyph {
  public:
-  constexpr Glyph(uint32_t code_point, const uint8_t *data, int advance, int offset_x, int offset_y, int width,
+  constexpr Glyph(const char *a_char, const uint8_t *data, int advance, int offset_x, int offset_y, int width,
                   int height)
-      : code_point(code_point),
+      : a_char(a_char),
         data(data),
         advance(advance),
         offset_x(offset_x),
@@ -27,15 +24,24 @@ class Glyph {
         width(width),
         height(height) {}
 
-  bool is_less_or_equal(uint32_t other) const { return this->code_point <= other; }
+  const uint8_t *get_char() const { return reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(this->a_char); }
 
-  const uint32_t code_point;
+  bool compare_to(const uint8_t *str) const;
+
+  int match_length(const uint8_t *str) const;
+
+  void scan_area(int *x1, int *y1, int *width, int *height) const;
+
+  const char *a_char;
   const uint8_t *data;
   int advance;
   int offset_x;
   int offset_y;
   int width;
   int height;
+
+ protected:
+  friend Font;
 };
 
 class Font
@@ -58,7 +64,7 @@ class Font
   Font(const Glyph *data, int data_nr, int baseline, int height, int descender, int xheight, int capheight,
        uint8_t bpp = 1);
 
-  const Glyph *find_glyph(uint32_t codepoint) const;
+  int match_next_glyph(const uint8_t *str, int *match_length) const;
 
 #ifdef USE_DISPLAY
   void print(int x_start, int y_start, display::Display *display, Color color, const char *text,
@@ -73,9 +79,6 @@ class Font
   inline int get_xheight() { return this->xheight_; }
   inline int get_capheight() { return this->capheight_; }
   inline int get_bpp() { return this->bpp_; }
-#ifdef USE_LVGL_FONT
-  const lv_font_t *get_lv_font() const { return &this->lv_font_; }
-#endif
 
   const ConstVector<Glyph> &get_glyphs() const { return glyphs_; }
 
@@ -88,14 +91,6 @@ class Font
   int xheight_;
   int capheight_;
   uint8_t bpp_;  // bits per pixel
-#ifdef USE_LVGL_FONT
-  lv_font_t lv_font_{};
-  static const uint8_t *get_glyph_bitmap(const lv_font_t *font, uint32_t unicode_letter);
-  static bool get_glyph_dsc_cb(const lv_font_t *font, lv_font_glyph_dsc_t *dsc, uint32_t unicode_letter, uint32_t next);
-  const Glyph *get_glyph_data_(uint32_t unicode_letter);
-  uint32_t last_letter_{};
-  const Glyph *last_data_{};
-#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace font

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ void IDFI2CBus::dump_config() {
         if (s.second) {
           ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Found device at address 0x%02X", s.first);
         } else {
-          ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Unknown error at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown error at address 0x%02X", s.first);
         }
       }
     }

esphome/components/ld2410/automation.h

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class BluetoothPasswordSetAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
@@ -17,4 +18,5 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BluetoothPasswordSetAction : public Action<Ts...>
   LD2410Component *ld2410_comp_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/button/factory_reset_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #include "factory_reset_button.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 void FactoryResetButton::press_action() { this->parent_->factory_reset(); }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/button/factory_reset_button.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class FactoryResetButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class FactoryResetButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2410Componen
   void press_action() override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/button/query_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #include "query_button.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 void QueryButton::press_action() { this->parent_->read_all_info(); }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/button/query_button.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class QueryButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class QueryButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
   void press_action() override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/button/restart_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #include "restart_button.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 void RestartButton::press_action() { this->parent_->restart_and_read_all_info(); }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/button/restart_button.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class RestartButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class RestartButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
   void press_action() override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp

@@ -9,9 +9,12 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ld2410";
+static const char *const UNKNOWN_MAC = "unknown";
+static const char *const VERSION_FMT = "%u.%02X.%02X%02X%02X%02X";
 
 enum BaudRate : uint8_t {
   BAUD_RATE_9600 = 1,
@@ -178,15 +181,15 @@ static inline bool validate_header_footer(const uint8_t *header_footer, const ui
 }
 
 void LD2410Component::dump_config() {
-  char mac_s[18];
-  char version_s[20];
-  const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
-  ld24xx::format_version_str(this->version_, version_s);
+  std::string mac_str =
+      mac_address_is_valid(this->mac_address_) ? format_mac_address_pretty(this->mac_address_) : UNKNOWN_MAC;
+  std::string version = str_sprintf(VERSION_FMT, this->version_[1], this->version_[0], this->version_[5],
+                                    this->version_[4], this->version_[3], this->version_[2]);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "LD2410:\n"
                 "  Firmware version: %s\n"
                 "  MAC address: %s",
-                version_s, mac_str);
+                version.c_str(), mac_str.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Binary Sensors:");
   LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Target", this->target_binary_sensor_);
@@ -445,12 +448,12 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
 
     case CMD_QUERY_VERSION: {
       std::memcpy(this->version_, &this->buffer_data_[12], sizeof(this->version_));
-      char version_s[20];
-      ld24xx::format_version_str(this->version_, version_s);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware version: %s", version_s);
+      std::string version = str_sprintf(VERSION_FMT, this->version_[1], this->version_[0], this->version_[5],
+                                        this->version_[4], this->version_[3], this->version_[2]);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware version: %s", version.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
       if (this->version_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-        this->version_text_sensor_->publish_state(version_s);
+        this->version_text_sensor_->publish_state(version);
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -503,9 +506,9 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
         std::memcpy(this->mac_address_, &this->buffer_data_[10], sizeof(this->mac_address_));
       }
 
-      char mac_s[18];
-      const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", mac_str);
+      std::string mac_str =
+          mac_address_is_valid(this->mac_address_) ? format_mac_address_pretty(this->mac_address_) : UNKNOWN_MAC;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", mac_str.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
       if (this->mac_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->mac_text_sensor_->publish_state(mac_str);
@@ -781,4 +784,5 @@ void LD2410Component::set_gate_still_sensor(uint8_t gate, sensor::Sensor *s) {
 }
 #endif
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@
 
 #include <array>
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 using namespace ld24xx;
 
@@ -132,4 +133,5 @@ class LD2410Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #endif
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/number/gate_threshold_number.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "gate_threshold_number.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 GateThresholdNumber::GateThresholdNumber(uint8_t gate) : gate_(gate) {}
 
@@ -9,4 +10,5 @@ void GateThresholdNumber::control(float value) {
   this->parent_->set_gate_threshold(this->gate_);
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/number/gate_threshold_number.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class GateThresholdNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -14,4 +15,5 @@ class GateThresholdNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2410Compone
   void control(float value) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/number/light_threshold_number.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "light_threshold_number.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 void LightThresholdNumber::control(float value) {
   this->publish_state(value);
   this->parent_->set_light_out_control();
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/number/light_threshold_number.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class LightThresholdNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class LightThresholdNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2410Compon
   void control(float value) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/number/max_distance_timeout_number.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "max_distance_timeout_number.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 void MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber::control(float value) {
   this->publish_state(value);
   this->parent_->set_max_distances_timeout();
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/number/max_distance_timeout_number.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2410Co
   void control(float value) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/select/baud_rate_select.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "baud_rate_select.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 void BaudRateSelect::control(size_t index) {
   this->publish_state(index);
   this->parent_->set_baud_rate(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/select/baud_rate_select.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class BaudRateSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class BaudRateSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
   void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/select/distance_resolution_select.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "distance_resolution_select.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 void DistanceResolutionSelect::control(size_t index) {
   this->publish_state(index);
   this->parent_->set_distance_resolution(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/select/distance_resolution_select.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class DistanceResolutionSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class DistanceResolutionSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2410Co
   void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/select/light_out_control_select.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "light_out_control_select.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 void LightOutControlSelect::control(size_t index) {
   this->publish_state(index);
   this->parent_->set_light_out_control();
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/select/light_out_control_select.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class LightOutControlSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class LightOutControlSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2410Compo
   void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/switch/bluetooth_switch.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "bluetooth_switch.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 void BluetoothSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   this->publish_state(state);
   this->parent_->set_bluetooth(state);
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/switch/bluetooth_switch.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class BluetoothSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class BluetoothSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD2410Component>
   void write_state(bool state) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/switch/engineering_mode_switch.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "engineering_mode_switch.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 void EngineeringModeSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   this->publish_state(state);
   this->parent_->set_engineering_mode(state);
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2410/switch/engineering_mode_switch.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
 #include "../ld2410.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2410 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2410 {
 
 class EngineeringModeSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class EngineeringModeSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD2410Comp
   void write_state(bool state) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2410
+}  // namespace ld2410
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/button/factory_reset_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #include "factory_reset_button.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void FactoryResetButton::press_action() { this->parent_->factory_reset(); }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/button/factory_reset_button.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class FactoryResetButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class FactoryResetButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Componen
   void press_action() override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/button/query_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #include "query_button.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void QueryButton::press_action() { this->parent_->read_all_info(); }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/button/query_button.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class QueryButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class QueryButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
   void press_action() override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/button/restart_button.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #include "restart_button.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void RestartButton::press_action() { this->parent_->restart_and_read_all_info(); }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/button/restart_button.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class RestartButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class RestartButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
   void press_action() override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/button/start_dynamic_background_correction_button.cpp

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 
 #include "restart_button.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void StartDynamicBackgroundCorrectionButton::press_action() { this->parent_->start_dynamic_background_correction(); }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/button/start_dynamic_background_correction_button.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class StartDynamicBackgroundCorrectionButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class StartDynamicBackgroundCorrectionButton : public button::Button, public Par
   void press_action() override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp

@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ld2412";
+static const char *const UNKNOWN_MAC = "unknown";
+static const char *const VERSION_FMT = "%u.%02X.%02X%02X%02X%02X";
 
 enum BaudRate : uint8_t {
   BAUD_RATE_9600 = 1,
@@ -197,15 +200,15 @@ static inline bool validate_header_footer(const uint8_t *header_footer, const ui
 }
 
 void LD2412Component::dump_config() {
-  char mac_s[18];
-  char version_s[20];
-  const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
-  ld24xx::format_version_str(this->version_, version_s);
+  std::string mac_str =
+      mac_address_is_valid(this->mac_address_) ? format_mac_address_pretty(this->mac_address_) : UNKNOWN_MAC;
+  std::string version = str_sprintf(VERSION_FMT, this->version_[1], this->version_[0], this->version_[5],
+                                    this->version_[4], this->version_[3], this->version_[2]);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "LD2412:\n"
                 "  Firmware version: %s\n"
                 "  MAC address: %s",
-                version_s, mac_str);
+                version.c_str(), mac_str.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Binary Sensors:");
   LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "DynamicBackgroundCorrectionStatus",
@@ -489,12 +492,12 @@ bool LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
 
     case CMD_QUERY_VERSION: {
       std::memcpy(this->version_, &this->buffer_data_[12], sizeof(this->version_));
-      char version_s[20];
-      ld24xx::format_version_str(this->version_, version_s);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware version: %s", version_s);
+      std::string version = str_sprintf(VERSION_FMT, this->version_[1], this->version_[0], this->version_[5],
+                                        this->version_[4], this->version_[3], this->version_[2]);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware version: %s", version.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
       if (this->version_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-        this->version_text_sensor_->publish_state(version_s);
+        this->version_text_sensor_->publish_state(version);
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -541,9 +544,9 @@ bool LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
         std::memcpy(this->mac_address_, &this->buffer_data_[10], sizeof(this->mac_address_));
       }
 
-      char mac_s[18];
-      const char *mac_str = ld24xx::format_mac_str(this->mac_address_, mac_s);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", mac_str);
+      std::string mac_str =
+          mac_address_is_valid(this->mac_address_) ? format_mac_address_pretty(this->mac_address_) : UNKNOWN_MAC;
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", mac_str.c_str());
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
       if (this->mac_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->mac_text_sensor_->publish_state(mac_str);
@@ -854,4 +857,5 @@ void LD2412Component::set_gate_still_sensor(uint8_t gate, sensor::Sensor *s) {
 }
 #endif
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@
 
 #include <array>
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 using namespace ld24xx;
 
@@ -136,4 +137,5 @@ class LD2412Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
 #endif
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/number/gate_threshold_number.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "gate_threshold_number.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 GateThresholdNumber::GateThresholdNumber(uint8_t gate) : gate_(gate) {}
 
@@ -9,4 +10,5 @@ void GateThresholdNumber::control(float value) {
   this->parent_->set_gate_threshold();
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/number/gate_threshold_number.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class GateThresholdNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -14,4 +15,5 @@ class GateThresholdNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2412Compone
   void control(float value) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/number/light_threshold_number.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "light_threshold_number.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void LightThresholdNumber::control(float value) {
   this->publish_state(value);
   this->parent_->set_light_out_control();
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/number/light_threshold_number.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class LightThresholdNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class LightThresholdNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2412Compon
   void control(float value) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/number/max_distance_timeout_number.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "max_distance_timeout_number.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber::control(float value) {
   this->publish_state(value);
   this->parent_->set_basic_config();
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/number/max_distance_timeout_number.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber : public number::Number, public Parented<LD2412Co
   void control(float value) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/select/baud_rate_select.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "baud_rate_select.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void BaudRateSelect::control(size_t index) {
   this->publish_state(index);
   this->parent_->set_baud_rate(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/select/baud_rate_select.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class BaudRateSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class BaudRateSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
   void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/select/distance_resolution_select.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "distance_resolution_select.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void DistanceResolutionSelect::control(size_t index) {
   this->publish_state(index);
   this->parent_->set_distance_resolution(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/select/distance_resolution_select.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class DistanceResolutionSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class DistanceResolutionSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2412Co
   void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/select/light_out_control_select.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "light_out_control_select.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void LightOutControlSelect::control(size_t index) {
   this->publish_state(index);
   this->parent_->set_light_out_control();
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/select/light_out_control_select.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class LightOutControlSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class LightOutControlSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2412Compo
   void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/switch/bluetooth_switch.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "bluetooth_switch.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void BluetoothSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   this->publish_state(state);
   this->parent_->set_bluetooth(state);
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/switch/bluetooth_switch.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class BluetoothSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class BluetoothSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD2412Component>
   void write_state(bool state) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/switch/engineering_mode_switch.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 #include "engineering_mode_switch.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 void EngineeringModeSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   this->publish_state(state);
   this->parent_->set_engineering_mode(state);
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2412/switch/engineering_mode_switch.h

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
 #include "../ld2412.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2412 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2412 {
 
 class EngineeringModeSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
  public:
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@ class EngineeringModeSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Parented<LD2412Comp
   void write_state(bool state) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2412
+}  // namespace ld2412
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2420/binary_sensor/ld2420_binary_sensor.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ld2420 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2420 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ld2420.binary_sensor";
 
@@ -11,4 +12,5 @@ void LD2420BinarySensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "Presence", this->presence_bsensor_);
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ld2420
+}  // namespace ld2420
+}  // namespace esphome