[wifi] Store credentials in PROGMEM on ESP8266 to reduce RAM usage

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci-lite[bot] <117423508+pre-commit-ci-lite[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.clang-tidy.hash

@@ -1 +1 @@
-d7693a1e996cacd4a3d1c9a16336799c2a8cc3db02e4e74084151ce964581248
+3d46b63015d761c85ca9cb77ab79a389509e5776701fb22aed16e7b79d432c0c

.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ jobs:
               'new-target-platform',
               'merging-to-release',
               'merging-to-beta',
+              'chained-pr',
               'core',
               'small-pr',
               'dashboard',
@@ -140,6 +141,8 @@ jobs:
                 labels.add('merging-to-release');
               } else if (baseRef === 'beta') {
                 labels.add('merging-to-beta');
+              } else if (baseRef !== 'dev') {
+                labels.add('chained-pr');
               }
 
               return labels;
@@ -528,8 +531,8 @@ jobs:
             const apiData = await fetchApiData();
             const baseRef = context.payload.pull_request.base.ref;
 
-            // Early exit for non-dev branches
-            if (baseRef !== 'dev') {
+            // Early exit for release and beta branches only
+            if (baseRef === 'release' || baseRef === 'beta') {
               const branchLabels = await detectMergeBranch();
               const finalLabels = Array.from(branchLabels);
 

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -178,6 +178,8 @@ jobs:
       component-test-count: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.component-test-count }}
       changed-cpp-file-count: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.changed-cpp-file-count }}
       memory_impact: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.memory-impact }}
+      cpp-unit-tests-run-all: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all }}
+      cpp-unit-tests-components: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
         uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
@@ -210,6 +212,8 @@ jobs:
           echo "component-test-count=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.component_test_count')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "changed-cpp-file-count=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.changed_cpp_file_count')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "memory-impact=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.memory_impact')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "cpp-unit-tests-run-all=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.cpp_unit_tests_run_all')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "cpp-unit-tests-components=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.cpp_unit_tests_components')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
   integration-tests:
     name: Run integration tests
@@ -247,6 +251,33 @@ jobs:
           . venv/bin/activate
           pytest -vv --no-cov --tb=native -n auto tests/integration/
 
+  cpp-unit-tests:
+    name: Run C++ unit tests
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all == 'true' || needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components != '[]')
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+
+      - name: Run cpp_unit_test.py
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+          if [ "${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all }}" = "true" ]; then
+            script/cpp_unit_test.py --all
+          else
+            ARGS=$(echo '${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components }}' | jq -r '.[] | @sh' | xargs)
+            script/cpp_unit_test.py $ARGS
+          fi
+
   clang-tidy-single:
     name: ${{ matrix.name }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04

.github/workflows/status-check-labels.yml

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ jobs:
         label:
           - needs-docs
           - merge-after-release
+          - chained-pr
     steps:
       - name: Check for ${{ matrix.label }} label
         uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0

CODEOWNERS

@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ esphome/components/havells_solar/* @sourabhjaiswal
 esphome/components/hbridge/fan/* @WeekendWarrior
 esphome/components/hbridge/light/* @DotNetDann
 esphome/components/hbridge/switch/* @dwmw2
+esphome/components/hdc2010/* @optimusprimespace @ssieb
 esphome/components/he60r/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/heatpumpir/* @rob-deutsch
 esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/* @sourabhjaiswal

esphome/automation.py

@@ -16,7 +16,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
 )
 from esphome.core import ID
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, MockObjClass, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.cpp_generator import (
+    LambdaExpression,
+    MockObj,
+    MockObjClass,
+    TemplateArgsType,
+)
 from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
 from esphome.util import Registry
@@ -87,6 +92,7 @@ def validate_potentially_or_condition(value):
 
 DelayAction = cg.esphome_ns.class_("DelayAction", Action, cg.Component)
 LambdaAction = cg.esphome_ns.class_("LambdaAction", Action)
+StatelessLambdaAction = cg.esphome_ns.class_("StatelessLambdaAction", Action)
 IfAction = cg.esphome_ns.class_("IfAction", Action)
 WhileAction = cg.esphome_ns.class_("WhileAction", Action)
 RepeatAction = cg.esphome_ns.class_("RepeatAction", Action)
@@ -97,9 +103,40 @@ ResumeComponentAction = cg.esphome_ns.class_("ResumeComponentAction", Action)
 Automation = cg.esphome_ns.class_("Automation")
 
 LambdaCondition = cg.esphome_ns.class_("LambdaCondition", Condition)
+StatelessLambdaCondition = cg.esphome_ns.class_("StatelessLambdaCondition", Condition)
 ForCondition = cg.esphome_ns.class_("ForCondition", Condition, cg.Component)
 
 
+def new_lambda_pvariable(
+    id_obj: ID,
+    lambda_expr: LambdaExpression,
+    stateless_class: MockObjClass,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments | None = None,
+) -> MockObj:
+    """Create Pvariable for lambda, using stateless class if applicable.
+
+    Combines ID selection and Pvariable creation in one call. For stateless
+    lambdas (empty capture), uses function pointer instead of std::function.
+
+    Args:
+        id_obj: The ID object (action_id, condition_id, or filter_id)
+        lambda_expr: The lambda expression object
+        stateless_class: The stateless class to use for stateless lambdas
+        template_arg: Optional template arguments (for actions/conditions)
+
+    Returns:
+        The created Pvariable
+    """
+    # For stateless lambdas, use function pointer instead of std::function
+    if lambda_expr.capture == "":
+        id_obj = id_obj.copy()
+        id_obj.type = stateless_class
+
+    if template_arg is not None:
+        return cg.new_Pvariable(id_obj, template_arg, lambda_expr)
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(id_obj, lambda_expr)
+
+
 def validate_automation(extra_schema=None, extra_validators=None, single=False):
     if extra_schema is None:
         extra_schema = {}
@@ -240,7 +277,9 @@ async def lambda_condition_to_code(
     args: TemplateArgsType,
 ) -> MockObj:
     lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(config, args, return_type=bool)
-    return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg, lambda_)
+    return new_lambda_pvariable(
+        condition_id, lambda_, StatelessLambdaCondition, template_arg
+    )
 
 
 @register_condition(
@@ -406,7 +445,7 @@ async def lambda_action_to_code(
     args: TemplateArgsType,
 ) -> MockObj:
     lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(config, args, return_type=cg.void)
-    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, lambda_)
+    return new_lambda_pvariable(action_id, lambda_, StatelessLambdaAction, template_arg)
 
 
 @register_action(

esphome/codegen.py

@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ from esphome.cpp_types import (  # noqa: F401
     EntityBase,
     EntityCategory,
     ESPTime,
+    FixedVector,
     GPIOPin,
     InternalGPIOPin,
     JsonObject,

esphome/components/adalight/adalight_light_effect.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "adalight_light_effect";
 static const uint32_t ADALIGHT_ACK_INTERVAL = 1000;
 static const uint32_t ADALIGHT_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT = 1000;
 
-AdalightLightEffect::AdalightLightEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+AdalightLightEffect::AdalightLightEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
 
 void AdalightLightEffect::start() {
   AddressableLightEffect::start();

esphome/components/adalight/adalight_light_effect.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace adalight {
 
 class AdalightLightEffect : public light::AddressableLightEffect, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
-  AdalightLightEffect(const std::string &name);
+  AdalightLightEffect(const char *name);
 
   void start() override;
   void stop() override;

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -71,10 +71,12 @@ SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES = {
     "int": cg.int32,
     "float": float,
     "string": cg.std_string,
-    "bool[]": cg.std_vector.template(bool),
-    "int[]": cg.std_vector.template(cg.int32),
-    "float[]": cg.std_vector.template(float),
-    "string[]": cg.std_vector.template(cg.std_string),
+    "bool[]": cg.FixedVector.template(bool).operator("const").operator("ref"),
+    "int[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.int32).operator("const").operator("ref"),
+    "float[]": cg.FixedVector.template(float).operator("const").operator("ref"),
+    "string[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.std_string)
+    .operator("const")
+    .operator("ref"),
 }
 CONF_ENCRYPTION = "encryption"
 CONF_BATCH_DELAY = "batch_delay"
@@ -258,6 +260,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if config.get(CONF_ACTIONS) or config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_SERVICES")
 
+    # Set USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES if external components need dynamic service registration
+    if config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
+        cg.add_define("USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES")
+
     if config[CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES]:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
 
@@ -265,6 +271,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES")
 
     if actions := config.get(CONF_ACTIONS, []):
+        # Collect all triggers first, then register all at once with initializer_list
+        triggers: list[cg.Pvariable] = []
         for conf in actions:
             template_args = []
             func_args = []
@@ -278,8 +286,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
             trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(
                 conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], templ, conf[CONF_ACTION], service_arg_names
             )
-            cg.add(var.register_user_service(trigger))
+            triggers.append(trigger)
             await automation.build_automation(trigger, func_args, conf)
+        # Register all services at once - single allocation, no reallocations
+        cg.add(var.initialize_user_services(triggers))
 
     if CONF_ON_CLIENT_CONNECTED in config:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER")

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   if (light->supports_effects()) {
     msg.effects.emplace_back("None");
     for (auto *effect : light->get_effects()) {
-      msg.effects.push_back(effect->get_name());
+      msg.effects.emplace_back(effect->get_name());
     }
   }
   return fill_and_encode_entity_info(light, msg, ListEntitiesLightResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size,
@@ -1572,7 +1572,13 @@ bool APIConnection::send_noise_encryption_set_key_response(const NoiseEncryption
   resp.success = false;
 
   psk_t psk{};
-  if (base64_decode(msg.key, psk.data(), msg.key.size()) != psk.size()) {
+  if (msg.key.empty()) {
+    if (this->parent_->clear_noise_psk(true)) {
+      resp.success = true;
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to clear encryption key");
+    }
+  } else if (base64_decode(msg.key, psk.data(), msg.key.size()) != psk.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid encryption key length");
   } else if (!this->parent_->save_noise_psk(psk, true)) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to save encryption key");

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -468,6 +468,31 @@ uint16_t APIServer::get_port() const { return this->port_; }
 void APIServer::set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout) { this->reboot_timeout_ = reboot_timeout; }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+bool APIServer::update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg,
+                                  const LogString *fail_log_msg, const psk_t &active_psk, bool make_active) {
+  if (!this->noise_pref_.save(&new_psk)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(fail_log_msg));
+    return false;
+  }
+  // ensure it's written immediately
+  if (!global_preferences->sync()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to sync preferences");
+    return false;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s", LOG_STR_ARG(save_log_msg));
+  if (make_active) {
+    this->set_timeout(100, [this, active_psk]() {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnecting all clients to reset PSK");
+      this->set_noise_psk(active_psk);
+      for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+        DisconnectRequest req;
+        c->send_message(req, DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
   // When PSK is set from YAML, this function should never be called
@@ -482,27 +507,21 @@ bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
   }
 
   SavedNoisePsk new_saved_psk{psk};
-  if (!this->noise_pref_.save(&new_saved_psk)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to save Noise PSK");
-    return false;
-  }
-  // ensure it's written immediately
-  if (!global_preferences->sync()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to sync preferences");
-    return false;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Noise PSK saved");
-  if (make_active) {
-    this->set_timeout(100, [this, psk]() {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnecting all clients to reset PSK");
-      this->set_noise_psk(psk);
-      for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
-        DisconnectRequest req;
-        c->send_message(req, DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE);
-      }
-    });
-  }
-  return true;
+  return this->update_noise_psk_(new_saved_psk, LOG_STR("Noise PSK saved"), LOG_STR("Failed to save Noise PSK"), psk,
+                                 make_active);
+#endif
+}
+bool APIServer::clear_noise_psk(bool make_active) {
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE_PSK_FROM_YAML
+  // When PSK is set from YAML, this function should never be called
+  // but if it is, reject the change
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Key set in YAML");
+  return false;
+#else
+  SavedNoisePsk empty_psk{};
+  psk_t empty{};
+  return this->update_noise_psk_(empty_psk, LOG_STR("Noise PSK cleared"), LOG_STR("Failed to clear Noise PSK"), empty,
+                                 make_active);
 #endif
 }
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active = true);
+  bool clear_noise_psk(bool make_active = true);
   void set_noise_psk(psk_t psk) { noise_ctx_->set_psk(psk); }
   std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> get_noise_ctx() { return noise_ctx_; }
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
@@ -124,8 +125,14 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 #ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+  void initialize_user_services(std::initializer_list<UserServiceDescriptor *> services) {
+    this->user_services_.assign(services);
+  }
+#ifdef USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES
+  // Only compile push_back method when custom_services: true (external components)
   void register_user_service(UserServiceDescriptor *descriptor) { this->user_services_.push_back(descriptor); }
 #endif
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
   void request_time();
 #endif
@@ -174,6 +181,10 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 
  protected:
   void schedule_reboot_timeout_();
+#ifdef USE_API_NOISE
+  bool update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg, const LogString *fail_log_msg,
+                         const psk_t &active_psk, bool make_active);
+#endif  // USE_API_NOISE
   // Pointers and pointer-like types first (4 bytes each)
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_ = nullptr;
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER

esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h

@@ -53,8 +53,14 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
   template<typename T, typename... Ts>
   void register_service(void (T::*callback)(Ts...), const std::string &name,
                         const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names) {
+#ifdef USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES
     auto *service = new CustomAPIDeviceService<T, Ts...>(name, arg_names, (T *) this, callback);  // NOLINT
     global_api_server->register_user_service(service);
+#else
+    static_assert(
+        sizeof(T) == 0,
+        "register_service() requires 'custom_services: true' in the 'api:' section of your YAML configuration");
+#endif
   }
 #else
   template<typename T, typename... Ts>
@@ -86,8 +92,14 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    */
 #ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   template<typename T> void register_service(void (T::*callback)(), const std::string &name) {
+#ifdef USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES
     auto *service = new CustomAPIDeviceService<T>(name, {}, (T *) this, callback);  // NOLINT
     global_api_server->register_user_service(service);
+#else
+    static_assert(
+        sizeof(T) == 0,
+        "register_service() requires 'custom_services: true' in the 'api:' section of your YAML configuration");
+#endif
   }
 #else
   template<typename T> void register_service(void (T::*callback)(), const std::string &name) {

esphome/components/api/user_services.cpp

@@ -11,23 +11,58 @@ template<> int32_t get_execute_arg_value<int32_t>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &
 }
 template<> float get_execute_arg_value<float>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) { return arg.float_; }
 template<> std::string get_execute_arg_value<std::string>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) { return arg.string_; }
+
+// Legacy std::vector versions for external components using custom_api_device.h - optimized with reserve
 template<> std::vector<bool> get_execute_arg_value<std::vector<bool>>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
-  return std::vector<bool>(arg.bool_array.begin(), arg.bool_array.end());
+  std::vector<bool> result;
+  result.reserve(arg.bool_array.size());
+  result.insert(result.end(), arg.bool_array.begin(), arg.bool_array.end());
+  return result;
 }
 template<> std::vector<int32_t> get_execute_arg_value<std::vector<int32_t>>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
-  return std::vector<int32_t>(arg.int_array.begin(), arg.int_array.end());
+  std::vector<int32_t> result;
+  result.reserve(arg.int_array.size());
+  result.insert(result.end(), arg.int_array.begin(), arg.int_array.end());
+  return result;
 }
 template<> std::vector<float> get_execute_arg_value<std::vector<float>>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
-  return std::vector<float>(arg.float_array.begin(), arg.float_array.end());
+  std::vector<float> result;
+  result.reserve(arg.float_array.size());
+  result.insert(result.end(), arg.float_array.begin(), arg.float_array.end());
+  return result;
 }
 template<> std::vector<std::string> get_execute_arg_value<std::vector<std::string>>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
-  return std::vector<std::string>(arg.string_array.begin(), arg.string_array.end());
+  std::vector<std::string> result;
+  result.reserve(arg.string_array.size());
+  result.insert(result.end(), arg.string_array.begin(), arg.string_array.end());
+  return result;
+}
+
+// New FixedVector const reference versions for YAML-generated services - zero-copy
+template<>
+const FixedVector<bool> &get_execute_arg_value<const FixedVector<bool> &>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
+  return arg.bool_array;
+}
+template<>
+const FixedVector<int32_t> &get_execute_arg_value<const FixedVector<int32_t> &>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
+  return arg.int_array;
+}
+template<>
+const FixedVector<float> &get_execute_arg_value<const FixedVector<float> &>(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
+  return arg.float_array;
+}
+template<>
+const FixedVector<std::string> &get_execute_arg_value<const FixedVector<std::string> &>(
+    const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg) {
+  return arg.string_array;
 }
 
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<bool>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL; }
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<int32_t>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_INT; }
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<float>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_FLOAT; }
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<std::string>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING; }
+
+// Legacy std::vector versions for external components using custom_api_device.h
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<std::vector<bool>>() { return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL_ARRAY; }
 template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<std::vector<int32_t>>() {
   return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_INT_ARRAY;
@@ -39,4 +74,18 @@ template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<std::vector<std::string>>()
   return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING_ARRAY;
 }
 
+// New FixedVector const reference versions for YAML-generated services
+template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<const FixedVector<bool> &>() {
+  return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL_ARRAY;
+}
+template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<const FixedVector<int32_t> &>() {
+  return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_INT_ARRAY;
+}
+template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<const FixedVector<float> &>() {
+  return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_FLOAT_ARRAY;
+}
+template<> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type<const FixedVector<std::string> &>() {
+  return enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING_ARRAY;
+}
+
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ DelayedOffFilter = binary_sensor_ns.class_("DelayedOffFilter", Filter, cg.Compon
 InvertFilter = binary_sensor_ns.class_("InvertFilter", Filter)
 AutorepeatFilter = binary_sensor_ns.class_("AutorepeatFilter", Filter, cg.Component)
 LambdaFilter = binary_sensor_ns.class_("LambdaFilter", Filter)
+StatelessLambdaFilter = binary_sensor_ns.class_("StatelessLambdaFilter", Filter)
 SettleFilter = binary_sensor_ns.class_("SettleFilter", Filter, cg.Component)
 
 _LOGGER = getLogger(__name__)
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ async def lambda_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
     lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(
         config, [(bool, "x")], return_type=cg.optional.template(bool)
     )
-    return cg.new_Pvariable(filter_id, lambda_)
+    return automation.new_lambda_pvariable(filter_id, lambda_, StatelessLambdaFilter)
 
 
 @register_filter(

esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.h

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ class DoubleClickTrigger : public Trigger<> {
 
 class MultiClickTrigger : public Trigger<>, public Component {
  public:
-  explicit MultiClickTrigger(BinarySensor *parent, std::vector<MultiClickTriggerEvent> timing)
-      : parent_(parent), timing_(std::move(timing)) {}
+  explicit MultiClickTrigger(BinarySensor *parent, std::initializer_list<MultiClickTriggerEvent> timing)
+      : parent_(parent), timing_(timing) {}
 
   void setup() override {
     this->last_state_ = this->parent_->get_state_default(false);
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class MultiClickTrigger : public Trigger<>, public Component {
   void trigger_();
 
   BinarySensor *parent_;
-  std::vector<MultiClickTriggerEvent> timing_;
+  FixedVector<MultiClickTriggerEvent> timing_;
   uint32_t invalid_cooldown_{1000};
   optional<size_t> at_index_{};
   bool last_state_{false};

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h

@@ -111,6 +111,21 @@ class LambdaFilter : public Filter {
   std::function<optional<bool>(bool)> f_;
 };
 
+/** Optimized lambda filter for stateless lambdas (no capture).
+ *
+ * Uses function pointer instead of std::function to reduce memory overhead.
+ * Memory: 4 bytes (function pointer on 32-bit) vs 32 bytes (std::function).
+ */
+class StatelessLambdaFilter : public Filter {
+ public:
+  explicit StatelessLambdaFilter(optional<bool> (*f)(bool)) : f_(f) {}
+
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override { return this->f_(value); }
+
+ protected:
+  optional<bool> (*f_)(bool);
+};
+
 class SettleFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
   optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;

esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp

@@ -524,13 +524,23 @@ ClimateCall ClimateDeviceRestoreState::to_call(Climate *climate) {
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY)) {
     call.set_target_humidity(this->target_humidity);
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() || !traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty()) {
+  if (this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
+    if (this->custom_fan_mode < traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().size()) {
+      call.fan_mode_.reset();
+      call.custom_fan_mode_ = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().cbegin(), this->custom_fan_mode);
+    }
+  } else if (traits.supports_fan_mode(this->fan_mode)) {
     call.set_fan_mode(this->fan_mode);
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_presets() || !traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty()) {
+  if (this->uses_custom_preset) {
+    if (this->custom_preset < traits.get_supported_custom_presets().size()) {
+      call.preset_.reset();
+      call.custom_preset_ = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_presets().cbegin(), this->custom_preset);
+    }
+  } else if (traits.supports_preset(this->preset)) {
     call.set_preset(this->preset);
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
+  if (traits.supports_swing_mode(this->swing_mode)) {
     call.set_swing_mode(this->swing_mode);
   }
   return call;
@@ -549,41 +559,25 @@ void ClimateDeviceRestoreState::apply(Climate *climate) {
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY)) {
     climate->target_humidity = this->target_humidity;
   }
-  if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() && !this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
+  if (this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
+    if (this->custom_fan_mode < traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().size()) {
+      climate->fan_mode.reset();
+      climate->custom_fan_mode = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().cbegin(), this->custom_fan_mode);
+    }
+  } else if (traits.supports_fan_mode(this->fan_mode)) {
     climate->fan_mode = this->fan_mode;
+    climate->custom_fan_mode.reset();
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
-    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings)
-    const auto &modes = traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes();
-    if (custom_fan_mode < modes.size()) {
-      size_t i = 0;
-      for (const auto &mode : modes) {
-        if (i == this->custom_fan_mode) {
-          climate->custom_fan_mode = mode;
-          break;
-        }
-        i++;
-      }
+  if (this->uses_custom_preset) {
+    if (this->custom_preset < traits.get_supported_custom_presets().size()) {
+      climate->preset.reset();
+      climate->custom_preset = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_presets().cbegin(), this->custom_preset);
     }
-  }
-  if (traits.get_supports_presets() && !this->uses_custom_preset) {
+  } else if (traits.supports_preset(this->preset)) {
     climate->preset = this->preset;
+    climate->custom_preset.reset();
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && uses_custom_preset) {
-    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings)
-    const auto &presets = traits.get_supported_custom_presets();
-    if (custom_preset < presets.size()) {
-      size_t i = 0;
-      for (const auto &preset : presets) {
-        if (i == this->custom_preset) {
-          climate->custom_preset = preset;
-          break;
-        }
-        i++;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
+  if (traits.supports_swing_mode(this->swing_mode)) {
     climate->swing_mode = this->swing_mode;
   }
   climate->publish_state();

esphome/components/climate/climate.h

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class Climate;
 class ClimateCall {
  public:
   explicit ClimateCall(Climate *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+  friend struct ClimateDeviceRestoreState;
 
   /// Set the mode of the climate device.
   ClimateCall &set_mode(ClimateMode mode);

esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp

@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ void E131Component::add_effect(E131AddressableLightEffect *light_effect) {
     return;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Registering '%s' for universes %d-%d.", light_effect->get_name().c_str(),
-           light_effect->get_first_universe(), light_effect->get_last_universe());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Registering '%s' for universes %d-%d.", light_effect->get_name(), light_effect->get_first_universe(),
+           light_effect->get_last_universe());
 
   light_effects_.insert(light_effect);
 
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ void E131Component::remove_effect(E131AddressableLightEffect *light_effect) {
     return;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unregistering '%s' for universes %d-%d.", light_effect->get_name().c_str(),
-           light_effect->get_first_universe(), light_effect->get_last_universe());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unregistering '%s' for universes %d-%d.", light_effect->get_name(), light_effect->get_first_universe(),
+           light_effect->get_last_universe());
 
   light_effects_.erase(light_effect);
 

esphome/components/e131/e131_addressable_light_effect.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ namespace e131 {
 static const char *const TAG = "e131_addressable_light_effect";
 static const int MAX_DATA_SIZE = (sizeof(E131Packet::values) - 1);
 
-E131AddressableLightEffect::E131AddressableLightEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+E131AddressableLightEffect::E131AddressableLightEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
 
 int E131AddressableLightEffect::get_data_per_universe() const { return get_lights_per_universe() * channels_; }
 
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ bool E131AddressableLightEffect::process_(int universe, const E131Packet &packet
       std::min(it->size(), std::min(output_offset + get_lights_per_universe(), output_offset + packet.count - 1));
   auto *input_data = packet.values + 1;
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Applying data for '%s' on %d universe, for %" PRId32 "-%d.", get_name().c_str(), universe,
-           output_offset, output_end);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Applying data for '%s' on %d universe, for %" PRId32 "-%d.", get_name(), universe, output_offset,
+           output_end);
 
   switch (channels_) {
     case E131_MONO:

esphome/components/e131/e131_addressable_light_effect.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ enum E131LightChannels { E131_MONO = 1, E131_RGB = 3, E131_RGBW = 4 };
 
 class E131AddressableLightEffect : public light::AddressableLightEffect {
  public:
-  E131AddressableLightEffect(const std::string &name);
+  E131AddressableLightEffect(const char *name);
 
   void start() override;
   void stop() override;

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -304,9 +304,13 @@ def _format_framework_arduino_version(ver: cv.Version) -> str:
 def _format_framework_espidf_version(ver: cv.Version, release: str) -> str:
     # format the given espidf (https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases) version to
     # a PIO platformio/framework-espidf value
+    if ver == cv.Version(5, 4, 3) or ver >= cv.Version(5, 5, 1):
+        ext = "tar.xz"
+    else:
+        ext = "zip"
     if release:
-        return f"pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v{str(ver)}.{release}/esp-idf-v{str(ver)}.zip"
-    return f"pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v{str(ver)}/esp-idf-v{str(ver)}.zip"
+        return f"pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v{str(ver)}.{release}/esp-idf-v{str(ver)}.{ext}"
+    return f"pioarduino/framework-espidf@https://github.com/pioarduino/esp-idf/releases/download/v{str(ver)}/esp-idf-v{str(ver)}.{ext}"
 
 
 def _is_framework_url(source: str) -> str:
@@ -355,6 +359,7 @@ ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
 ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
     cv.Version(5, 5, 1): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "1"),
     cv.Version(5, 5, 0): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "1"),
+    cv.Version(5, 4, 3): cv.Version(55, 3, 32),
     cv.Version(5, 4, 2): cv.Version(54, 3, 21, "2"),
     cv.Version(5, 4, 1): cv.Version(54, 3, 21, "2"),
     cv.Version(5, 4, 0): cv.Version(54, 3, 21, "2"),
@@ -550,6 +555,32 @@ CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_BRIDGE_INTERFACE = "enable_lwip_bridge_interface"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING = "enable_lwip_tcpip_core_locking"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_CHECK_THREAD_SAFETY = "enable_lwip_check_thread_safety"
 CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM = "disable_libc_locks_in_iram"
+CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS = "disable_vfs_support_termios"
+CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT = "disable_vfs_support_select"
+CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR = "disable_vfs_support_dir"
+
+# VFS requirement tracking
+# Components that need VFS features can call require_vfs_select() or require_vfs_dir()
+KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED = "vfs_select_required"
+KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED = "vfs_dir_required"
+
+
+def require_vfs_select() -> None:
+    """Mark that VFS select support is required by a component.
+
+    Call this from components that use esp_vfs_eventfd or other VFS select features.
+    This prevents CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT from being disabled.
+    """
+    CORE.data[KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED] = True
+
+
+def require_vfs_dir() -> None:
+    """Mark that VFS directory support is required by a component.
+
+    Call this from components that use directory functions (opendir, readdir, mkdir, etc.).
+    This prevents CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR from being disabled.
+    """
+    CORE.data[KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED] = True
 
 
 def _validate_idf_component(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
@@ -615,6 +646,13 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     cv.Optional(
                         CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM, default=True
                     ): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(
+                        CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS, default=True
+                    ): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(
+                        CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT, default=True
+                    ): cv.boolean,
+                    cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR, default=True): cv.boolean,
                     cv.Optional(CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM): cv.boolean,
                 }
             ),
@@ -844,6 +882,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
     for clean_var in ("IDF_PATH", "IDF_TOOLS_PATH"):
         os.environ.pop(clean_var, None)
 
+    # Set the location of the IDF component manager cache
+    os.environ["IDF_COMPONENT_CACHE_PATH"] = str(
+        CORE.relative_internal_path(".espressif")
+    )
+
     add_extra_script(
         "post",
         "post_build.py",
@@ -962,6 +1005,43 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM, True):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LIBC_LOCKS_PLACE_IN_IRAM", False)
 
+    # Disable VFS support for termios (terminal I/O functions)
+    # ESPHome doesn't use termios functions on ESP32 (only used in host UART driver).
+    # Saves approximately 1.8KB of flash when disabled (default).
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+        "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS",
+        not advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS, True),
+    )
+
+    # Disable VFS support for select() with file descriptors
+    # ESPHome only uses select() with sockets via lwip_select(), which still works.
+    # VFS select is only needed for UART/eventfd file descriptors.
+    # Components that need it (e.g., openthread) call require_vfs_select().
+    # Saves approximately 2.7KB of flash when disabled (default).
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_SELECT_REQUIRED, False):
+        # Component requires VFS select - force enable regardless of user setting
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", True)
+    else:
+        # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT",
+            not advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT, True),
+        )
+
+    # Disable VFS support for directory functions (opendir, readdir, mkdir, etc.)
+    # ESPHome doesn't use directory functions on ESP32.
+    # Components that need it (e.g., storage components) call require_vfs_dir().
+    # Saves approximately 0.5KB+ of flash when disabled (default).
+    if CORE.data.get(KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED, False):
+        # Component requires VFS directory support - force enable regardless of user setting
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", True)
+    else:
+        # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
+        add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR",
+            not advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR, True),
+        )
+
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.partitions", "partitions.csv")
     if CONF_PARTITIONS in config:
         add_extra_build_file(

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.h

@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ class ESP32InternalGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   // - 3 bytes for members below
   // - 1 byte padding for alignment
   // - 4 bytes for vtable pointer
-  uint8_t pin_;        // GPIO pin number (0-255, actual max ~54 on ESP32)
-  gpio::Flags flags_;  // GPIO flags (1 byte)
+  uint8_t pin_;          // GPIO pin number (0-255, actual max ~54 on ESP32)
+  gpio::Flags flags_{};  // GPIO flags (1 byte)
   struct PinFlags {
     uint8_t inverted : 1;        // Invert pin logic (1 bit)
     uint8_t drive_strength : 2;  // Drive strength 0-3 (2 bits)
     uint8_t reserved : 5;        // Reserved for future use (5 bits)
-  } pin_flags_;                  // Total: 1 byte
+  } pin_flags_{};                // Total: 1 byte
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
   static bool isr_service_installed;
 };

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py

@@ -223,7 +223,10 @@ async def esp32_pin_to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(getattr(gpio_num_t, f"GPIO_NUM_{num}")))
-    cg.add(var.set_inverted(config[CONF_INVERTED]))
+    # Only set if true to avoid bloating setup() function
+    # (inverted bit in pin_flags_ bitfield is zero-initialized to false)
+    if config[CONF_INVERTED]:
+        cg.add(var.set_inverted(True))
     if CONF_DRIVE_STRENGTH in config:
         cg.add(var.set_drive_strength(config[CONF_DRIVE_STRENGTH]))
     cg.add(var.set_flags(pins.gpio_flags_expr(config[CONF_MODE])))

esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.h

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ class ESP8266GPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpio::InterruptType type) const override;
 
   uint8_t pin_;
-  bool inverted_;
-  gpio::Flags flags_;
+  bool inverted_{};
+  gpio::Flags flags_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esp8266

esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py

@@ -165,7 +165,10 @@ async def esp8266_pin_to_code(config):
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     mode = config[CONF_MODE]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(num))
-    cg.add(var.set_inverted(config[CONF_INVERTED]))
+    # Only set if true to avoid bloating setup() function
+    # (inverted bit in pin_flags_ bitfield is zero-initialized to false)
+    if config[CONF_INVERTED]:
+        cg.add(var.set_inverted(True))
     cg.add(var.set_flags(pins.gpio_flags_expr(mode)))
     if num < 16:
         initial_state: PinInitialState = CORE.data[KEY_ESP8266][KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES][

esphome/components/ethernet/__init__.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
 )
-from esphome.components.network import IPAddress
+from esphome.components.network import ip_address_literal
 from esphome.components.spi import CONF_INTERFACE_INDEX, get_spi_interface
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_MISO_PIN,
     CONF_MODE,
     CONF_MOSI_PIN,
+    CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_PAGE_ID,
     CONF_PIN,
     CONF_POLLING_INTERVAL,
@@ -52,12 +53,36 @@ from esphome.core import (
     coroutine_with_priority,
 )
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CONFLICTS_WITH = ["wifi"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["network"]
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# RMII pins that are hardcoded on ESP32 classic and cannot be changed
+# These pins are used by the internal Ethernet MAC when using RMII PHYs
+ESP32_RMII_FIXED_PINS = {
+    19: "EMAC_TXD0",
+    21: "EMAC_TX_EN",
+    22: "EMAC_TXD1",
+    25: "EMAC_RXD0",
+    26: "EMAC_RXD1",
+    27: "EMAC_RX_CRS_DV",
+}
+
+# RMII default pins for ESP32-P4
+# These are the default pins used by ESP-IDF and are configurable in principle,
+# but ESPHome's ethernet component currently has no way to change them
+ESP32P4_RMII_DEFAULT_PINS = {
+    34: "EMAC_TXD0",
+    35: "EMAC_TXD1",
+    28: "EMAC_RX_CRS_DV",
+    29: "EMAC_RXD0",
+    30: "EMAC_RXD1",
+    49: "EMAC_TX_EN",
+}
+
 ethernet_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ethernet")
 PHYRegister = ethernet_ns.struct("PHYRegister")
 CONF_PHY_ADDR = "phy_addr"
@@ -273,7 +298,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-def _final_validate(config):
+def _final_validate_spi(config):
     if config[CONF_TYPE] not in SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES:
         return
     if spi_configs := fv.full_config.get().get(CONF_SPI):
@@ -292,17 +317,14 @@ def _final_validate(config):
                     )
 
 
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
-
-
 def manual_ip(config):
     return cg.StructInitializer(
         ManualIP,
-        ("static_ip", IPAddress(str(config[CONF_STATIC_IP]))),
-        ("gateway", IPAddress(str(config[CONF_GATEWAY]))),
-        ("subnet", IPAddress(str(config[CONF_SUBNET]))),
-        ("dns1", IPAddress(str(config[CONF_DNS1]))),
-        ("dns2", IPAddress(str(config[CONF_DNS2]))),
+        ("static_ip", ip_address_literal(config[CONF_STATIC_IP])),
+        ("gateway", ip_address_literal(config[CONF_GATEWAY])),
+        ("subnet", ip_address_literal(config[CONF_SUBNET])),
+        ("dns1", ip_address_literal(config[CONF_DNS1])),
+        ("dns2", ip_address_literal(config[CONF_DNS2])),
     )
 
 
@@ -383,3 +405,57 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     if CORE.using_arduino:
         cg.add_library("WiFi", None)
+
+
+def _final_validate_rmii_pins(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Validate that RMII pins are not used by other components."""
+    # Only validate for RMII-based PHYs on ESP32/ESP32P4
+    if config[CONF_TYPE] in SPI_ETHERNET_TYPES or config[CONF_TYPE] == "OPENETH":
+        return  # SPI and OPENETH don't use RMII
+
+    variant = get_esp32_variant()
+    if variant == VARIANT_ESP32:
+        rmii_pins = ESP32_RMII_FIXED_PINS
+        is_configurable = False
+    elif variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4:
+        rmii_pins = ESP32P4_RMII_DEFAULT_PINS
+        is_configurable = True
+    else:
+        return  # No RMII validation needed for other variants
+
+    # Check all used pins against RMII reserved pins
+    for pin_list in pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.pins_used.values():
+        for pin_path, _, pin_config in pin_list:
+            pin_num = pin_config.get(CONF_NUMBER)
+            if pin_num not in rmii_pins:
+                continue
+            # Found a conflict - show helpful error message
+            pin_function = rmii_pins[pin_num]
+            component_path = ".".join(str(p) for p in pin_path)
+            if is_configurable:
+                error_msg = (
+                    f"GPIO{pin_num} is used by Ethernet RMII "
+                    f"({pin_function}) with the current default "
+                    f"configuration. This conflicts with '{component_path}'. "
+                    f"Please choose a different GPIO pin for "
+                    f"'{component_path}'."
+                )
+            else:
+                error_msg = (
+                    f"GPIO{pin_num} is reserved for Ethernet RMII "
+                    f"({pin_function}) and cannot be used. This pin is "
+                    f"hardcoded by ESP-IDF and cannot be changed when using "
+                    f"RMII Ethernet PHYs. Please choose a different GPIO pin "
+                    f"for '{component_path}'."
+                )
+            raise cv.Invalid(error_msg, path=pin_path)
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Final validation for Ethernet component."""
+    _final_validate_spi(config)
+    _final_validate_rmii_pins(config)
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate

esphome/components/event/event.cpp

@@ -8,12 +8,19 @@ namespace event {
 static const char *const TAG = "event";
 
 void Event::trigger(const std::string &event_type) {
-  auto found = types_.find(event_type);
-  if (found == types_.end()) {
+  // Linear search - faster than std::set for small datasets (1-5 items typical)
+  const std::string *found = nullptr;
+  for (const auto &type : this->types_) {
+    if (type == event_type) {
+      found = &type;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  if (found == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "'%s': invalid event type for trigger(): %s", this->get_name().c_str(), event_type.c_str());
     return;
   }
-  last_event_type = &(*found);
+  last_event_type = found;
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' Triggered event '%s'", this->get_name().c_str(), last_event_type->c_str());
   this->event_callback_.call(event_type);
 }

esphome/components/event/event.h

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <set>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
@@ -26,13 +25,13 @@ class Event : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
   const std::string *last_event_type;
 
   void trigger(const std::string &event_type);
-  void set_event_types(const std::set<std::string> &event_types) { this->types_ = event_types; }
-  std::set<std::string> get_event_types() const { return this->types_; }
+  void set_event_types(const std::initializer_list<std::string> &event_types) { this->types_ = event_types; }
+  const FixedVector<std::string> &get_event_types() const { return this->types_; }
   void add_on_event_callback(std::function<void(const std::string &event_type)> &&callback);
 
  protected:
   CallbackManager<void(const std::string &event_type)> event_callback_;
-  std::set<std::string> types_;
+  FixedVector<std::string> types_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace event

esphome/components/gpio/switch/gpio_switch.cpp

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ void GPIOSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   this->pin_->digital_write(state);
   this->publish_state(state);
 }
-void GPIOSwitch::set_interlock(const std::vector<Switch *> &interlock) { this->interlock_ = interlock; }
+void GPIOSwitch::set_interlock(const std::initializer_list<Switch *> &interlock) { this->interlock_ = interlock; }
 
 }  // namespace gpio
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/gpio/switch/gpio_switch.h

@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
 
-#include <vector>
-
 namespace esphome {
 namespace gpio {
 
@@ -19,14 +18,14 @@ class GPIOSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Component {
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
-  void set_interlock(const std::vector<Switch *> &interlock);
+  void set_interlock(const std::initializer_list<Switch *> &interlock);
   void set_interlock_wait_time(uint32_t interlock_wait_time) { interlock_wait_time_ = interlock_wait_time; }
 
  protected:
   void write_state(bool state) override;
 
   GPIOPin *pin_;
-  std::vector<Switch *> interlock_;
+  FixedVector<Switch *> interlock_;
   uint32_t interlock_wait_time_{0};
 };
 

esphome/components/hdc2010/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@optimusprimespace", "@ssieb"]

esphome/components/hdc2010/hdc2010.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "hdc2010.h"
+// https://github.com/vigsterkr/homebridge-hdc2010/blob/main/src/hdc2010.js
+// https://github.com/lime-labs/HDC2080-Arduino/blob/master/src/HDC2080.cpp
+namespace esphome {
+namespace hdc2010 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "hdc2010";
+
+static const uint8_t HDC2010_ADDRESS = 0x40;  // 0b1000000 or 0b1000001 from datasheet
+static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_CONFIGURATION_MEASUREMENT = 0x8F;
+static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_START_MEASUREMENT = 0xF9;
+static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_TEMPERATURE_LOW = 0x00;
+static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_TEMPERATURE_HIGH = 0x01;
+static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_HUMIDITY_LOW = 0x02;
+static const uint8_t HDC2010_CMD_HUMIDITY_HIGH = 0x03;
+static const uint8_t CONFIG = 0x0E;
+static const uint8_t MEASUREMENT_CONFIG = 0x0F;
+
+void HDC2010Component::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Running setup");
+
+  const uint8_t data[2] = {
+      0b00000000,  // resolution 14bit for both humidity and temperature
+      0b00000000   // reserved
+  };
+
+  if (!this->write_bytes(HDC2010_CMD_CONFIGURATION_MEASUREMENT, data, 2)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Initial config instruction error");
+    this->status_set_warning();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Set measurement mode to temperature and humidity
+  uint8_t config_contents;
+  this->read_register(MEASUREMENT_CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+  config_contents = (config_contents & 0xF9);  // Always set to TEMP_AND_HUMID mode
+  this->write_bytes(MEASUREMENT_CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+
+  // Set rate to manual
+  this->read_register(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+  config_contents &= 0x8F;
+  this->write_bytes(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+
+  // Set temperature resolution to 14bit
+  this->read_register(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+  config_contents &= 0x3F;
+  this->write_bytes(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+
+  // Set humidity resolution to 14bit
+  this->read_register(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+  config_contents &= 0xCF;
+  this->write_bytes(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+}
+
+void HDC2010Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "HDC2010:");
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+  }
+  LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Temperature", this->temperature_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Humidity", this->humidity_sensor_);
+}
+
+void HDC2010Component::update() {
+  // Trigger measurement
+  uint8_t config_contents;
+  this->read_register(CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+  config_contents |= 0x01;
+  this->write_bytes(MEASUREMENT_CONFIG, &config_contents, 1);
+
+  // 1ms delay after triggering the sample
+  set_timeout(1, [this]() {
+    if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      float temp = this->read_temp();
+      this->temperature_sensor_->publish_state(temp);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Temp=%.1f°C", temp);
+    }
+
+    if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      float humidity = this->read_humidity();
+      this->humidity_sensor_->publish_state(humidity);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Humidity=%.1f%%", humidity);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+float HDC2010Component::read_temp() {
+  uint8_t byte[2];
+
+  this->read_register(HDC2010_CMD_TEMPERATURE_LOW, &byte[0], 1);
+  this->read_register(HDC2010_CMD_TEMPERATURE_HIGH, &byte[1], 1);
+
+  uint16_t temp = encode_uint16(byte[1], byte[0]);
+  return (float) temp * 0.0025177f - 40.0f;
+}
+
+float HDC2010Component::read_humidity() {
+  uint8_t byte[2];
+
+  this->read_register(HDC2010_CMD_HUMIDITY_LOW, &byte[0], 1);
+  this->read_register(HDC2010_CMD_HUMIDITY_HIGH, &byte[1], 1);
+
+  uint16_t humidity = encode_uint16(byte[1], byte[0]);
+  return (float) humidity * 0.001525879f;
+}
+
+}  // namespace hdc2010
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/hdc2010/hdc2010.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace hdc2010 {
+
+class HDC2010Component : public PollingComponent, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature) { this->temperature_sensor_ = temperature; }
+
+  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *humidity) { this->humidity_sensor_ = humidity; }
+
+  /// Setup the sensor and check for connection.
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  /// Retrieve the latest sensor values. This operation takes approximately 16ms.
+  void update() override;
+
+  float read_temp();
+
+  float read_humidity();
+
+ protected:
+  sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
+};
+
+}  // namespace hdc2010
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/hdc2010/sensor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_HUMIDITY,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_TEMPERATURE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    UNIT_CELSIUS,
+    UNIT_PERCENT,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+hdc2010_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("hdc2010")
+HDC2010Component = hdc2010_ns.class_(
+    "HDC2010Component", cg.PollingComponent, i2c.I2CDevice
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HDC2010Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
+                accuracy_decimals=1,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
+                accuracy_decimals=0,
+                device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_HUMIDITY,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(0x40))
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+
+    if temperature_config := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(temperature_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_temperature_sensor(sens))
+
+    if humidity_config := config.get(CONF_HUMIDITY):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(humidity_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_humidity_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/host/gpio.h

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ class HostGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpio::InterruptType type) const override;
 
   uint8_t pin_;
-  bool inverted_;
-  gpio::Flags flags_;
+  bool inverted_{};
+  gpio::Flags flags_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace host

esphome/components/host/gpio.py

@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ async def host_pin_to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(num))
-    cg.add(var.set_inverted(config[CONF_INVERTED]))
+    # Only set if true to avoid bloating setup() function
+    # (inverted bit in pin_flags_ bitfield is zero-initialized to false)
+    if config[CONF_INVERTED]:
+        cg.add(var.set_inverted(True))
     cg.add(var.set_flags(pins.gpio_flags_expr(config[CONF_MODE])))
     return var

esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class HttpRequestComponent : public Component {
  protected:
   virtual std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                  const std::string &body, const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                                 std::set<std::string> collect_headers) = 0;
+                                                 const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) = 0;
   const char *useragent_{nullptr};
   bool follow_redirects_{};
   uint16_t redirect_limit_{};

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "http_request.arduino";
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                            const std::string &body,
                                                            const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                                           std::set<std::string> collect_headers) {
+                                                           const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) {
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HTTP Request failed; Not connected to network");

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.h

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class HttpRequestArduino : public HttpRequestComponent {
  protected:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                          const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                         std::set<std::string> collect_headers) override;
+                                         const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace http_request

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.cpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "http_request.host";
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestHost::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                         const std::string &body,
                                                         const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                                        std::set<std::string> response_headers) {
+                                                        const std::set<std::string> &response_headers) {
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "HTTP Request failed; Not connected to network");

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_host.h

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class HttpRequestHost : public HttpRequestComponent {
  public:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                          const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                         std::set<std::string> response_headers) override;
+                                         const std::set<std::string> &response_headers) override;
   void set_ca_path(const char *ca_path) { this->ca_path_ = ca_path; }
 
  protected:

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ esp_err_t HttpRequestIDF::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
 std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method,
                                                        const std::string &body,
                                                        const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                                       std::set<std::string> collect_headers) {
+                                                       const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) {
   if (!network::is_connected()) {
     this->status_momentary_error("failed", 1000);
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "HTTP Request failed; Not connected to network");

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class HttpRequestIDF : public HttpRequestComponent {
  protected:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
                                          const std::list<Header> &request_headers,
-                                         std::set<std::string> collect_headers) override;
+                                         const std::set<std::string> &collect_headers) override;
   // if zero ESP-IDF will use DEFAULT_HTTP_BUF_SIZE
   uint16_t buffer_size_rx_{};
   uint16_t buffer_size_tx_{};

esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp

@@ -28,6 +28,38 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::setup() {
   }
 }
 
+void ImprovSerialComponent::loop() {
+  if (this->last_read_byte_ && (millis() - this->last_read_byte_ > IMPROV_SERIAL_TIMEOUT)) {
+    this->last_read_byte_ = 0;
+    this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Timeout");
+  }
+
+  auto byte = this->read_byte_();
+  while (byte.has_value()) {
+    if (this->parse_improv_serial_byte_(byte.value())) {
+      this->last_read_byte_ = millis();
+    } else {
+      this->last_read_byte_ = 0;
+      this->rx_buffer_.clear();
+    }
+    byte = this->read_byte_();
+  }
+
+  if (this->state_ == improv::STATE_PROVISIONING) {
+    if (wifi::global_wifi_component->is_connected()) {
+      wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(this->connecting_sta_.get_ssid(),
+                                                 this->connecting_sta_.get_password());
+      this->connecting_sta_ = {};
+      this->cancel_timeout("wifi-connect-timeout");
+      this->set_state_(improv::STATE_PROVISIONED);
+
+      std::vector<uint8_t> url = this->build_rpc_settings_response_(improv::WIFI_SETTINGS);
+      this->send_response_(url);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void ImprovSerialComponent::dump_config() { ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Improv Serial:"); }
 
 optional<uint8_t> ImprovSerialComponent::read_byte_() {
@@ -78,8 +110,28 @@ optional<uint8_t> ImprovSerialComponent::read_byte_() {
   return byte;
 }
 
-void ImprovSerialComponent::write_data_(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  data.push_back('\n');
+void ImprovSerialComponent::write_data_(const uint8_t *data, const size_t size) {
+  // First, set length field
+  this->tx_header_[TX_LENGTH_IDX] = this->tx_header_[TX_TYPE_IDX] == TYPE_RPC_RESPONSE ? size : 1;
+
+  const bool there_is_data = data != nullptr && size > 0;
+  // If there_is_data, checksum must not include our optional data byte
+  const uint8_t header_checksum_len = there_is_data ? TX_BUFFER_SIZE - 3 : TX_BUFFER_SIZE - 2;
+  // Only transmit the full buffer length if there is no data (only state/error byte is provided in this case)
+  const uint8_t header_tx_len = there_is_data ? TX_BUFFER_SIZE - 3 : TX_BUFFER_SIZE;
+  // Calculate checksum for message
+  uint8_t checksum = 0;
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < header_checksum_len; i++) {
+    checksum += this->tx_header_[i];
+  }
+  if (there_is_data) {
+    // Include data in checksum
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      checksum += data[i];
+    }
+  }
+  this->tx_header_[TX_CHECKSUM_IDX] = checksum;
+
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   switch (logger::global_logger->get_uart()) {
     case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART0:
@@ -87,63 +139,45 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::write_data_(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 #if !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) && \
     !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2) && !defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
     case logger::UART_SELECTION_UART2:
-#endif  // !USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 && !USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2 && !USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
-      uart_write_bytes(this->uart_num_, data.data(), data.size());
+#endif
+      uart_write_bytes(this->uart_num_, this->tx_header_, header_tx_len);
+      if (there_is_data) {
+        uart_write_bytes(this->uart_num_, data, size);
+        uart_write_bytes(this->uart_num_, &this->tx_header_[TX_CHECKSUM_IDX], 2);  // Footer: checksum and newline
+      }
       break;
 #if defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) && defined(CONFIG_ESP_CONSOLE_USB_CDC)
-    case logger::UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC: {
-      const char *msg = (char *) data.data();
-      esp_usb_console_write_buf(msg, data.size());
+    case logger::UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC:
+      esp_usb_console_write_buf((const char *) this->tx_header_, header_tx_len);
+      if (there_is_data) {
+        esp_usb_console_write_buf((const char *) data, size);
+        esp_usb_console_write_buf((const char *) &this->tx_header_[TX_CHECKSUM_IDX],
+                                  2);  // Footer: checksum and newline
+      }
       break;
-    }
-#endif  // USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
     case logger::UART_SELECTION_USB_SERIAL_JTAG:
-      usb_serial_jtag_write_bytes((char *) data.data(), data.size(), 20 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
-      delay(10);
-      usb_serial_jtag_ll_txfifo_flush();  // fixes for issue in IDF 4.4.7
+      usb_serial_jtag_write_bytes((const char *) this->tx_header_, header_tx_len, 20 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+      if (there_is_data) {
+        usb_serial_jtag_write_bytes((const char *) data, size, 20 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);
+        usb_serial_jtag_write_bytes((const char *) &this->tx_header_[TX_CHECKSUM_IDX], 2,
+                                    20 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS);  // Footer: checksum and newline
+      }
       break;
-#endif  // USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
+#endif
     default:
       break;
   }
 #elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
-  this->hw_serial_->write(data.data(), data.size());
+  this->hw_serial_->write(this->tx_header_, header_tx_len);
+  if (there_is_data) {
+    this->hw_serial_->write(data, size);
+    this->hw_serial_->write(&this->tx_header_[TX_CHECKSUM_IDX], 2);  // Footer: checksum and newline
+  }
 #endif
 }
 
-void ImprovSerialComponent::loop() {
-  if (this->last_read_byte_ && (millis() - this->last_read_byte_ > IMPROV_SERIAL_TIMEOUT)) {
-    this->last_read_byte_ = 0;
-    this->rx_buffer_.clear();
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Improv Serial timeout");
-  }
-
-  auto byte = this->read_byte_();
-  while (byte.has_value()) {
-    if (this->parse_improv_serial_byte_(byte.value())) {
-      this->last_read_byte_ = millis();
-    } else {
-      this->last_read_byte_ = 0;
-      this->rx_buffer_.clear();
-    }
-    byte = this->read_byte_();
-  }
-
-  if (this->state_ == improv::STATE_PROVISIONING) {
-    if (wifi::global_wifi_component->is_connected()) {
-      wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(this->connecting_sta_.get_ssid(),
-                                                 this->connecting_sta_.get_password());
-      this->connecting_sta_ = {};
-      this->cancel_timeout("wifi-connect-timeout");
-      this->set_state_(improv::STATE_PROVISIONED);
-
-      std::vector<uint8_t> url = this->build_rpc_settings_response_(improv::WIFI_SETTINGS);
-      this->send_response_(url);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 std::vector<uint8_t> ImprovSerialComponent::build_rpc_settings_response_(improv::Command command) {
   std::vector<std::string> urls;
 #ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL
@@ -177,13 +211,13 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> ImprovSerialComponent::build_version_info_() {
 bool ImprovSerialComponent::parse_improv_serial_byte_(uint8_t byte) {
   size_t at = this->rx_buffer_.size();
   this->rx_buffer_.push_back(byte);
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Improv Serial byte: 0x%02X", byte);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Byte: 0x%02X", byte);
   const uint8_t *raw = &this->rx_buffer_[0];
 
   return improv::parse_improv_serial_byte(
       at, byte, raw, [this](improv::ImprovCommand command) -> bool { return this->parse_improv_payload_(command); },
       [this](improv::Error error) -> void {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error decoding Improv payload");
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Error decoding payload");
         this->set_error_(error);
       });
 }
@@ -199,7 +233,7 @@ bool ImprovSerialComponent::parse_improv_payload_(improv::ImprovCommand &command
       wifi::global_wifi_component->set_sta(sta);
       wifi::global_wifi_component->start_connecting(sta, false);
       this->set_state_(improv::STATE_PROVISIONING);
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received Improv wifi settings ssid=%s, password=" LOG_SECRET("%s"), command.ssid.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received settings: SSID=%s, password=" LOG_SECRET("%s"), command.ssid.c_str(),
                command.password.c_str());
 
       auto f = std::bind(&ImprovSerialComponent::on_wifi_connect_timeout_, this);
@@ -240,7 +274,7 @@ bool ImprovSerialComponent::parse_improv_payload_(improv::ImprovCommand &command
       return true;
     }
     default: {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown Improv payload");
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown payload");
       this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_UNKNOWN_RPC);
       return false;
     }
@@ -249,57 +283,26 @@ bool ImprovSerialComponent::parse_improv_payload_(improv::ImprovCommand &command
 
 void ImprovSerialComponent::set_state_(improv::State state) {
   this->state_ = state;
-
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data = {'I', 'M', 'P', 'R', 'O', 'V'};
-  data.resize(11);
-  data[6] = IMPROV_SERIAL_VERSION;
-  data[7] = TYPE_CURRENT_STATE;
-  data[8] = 1;
-  data[9] = state;
-
-  uint8_t checksum = 0x00;
-  for (uint8_t d : data)
-    checksum += d;
-  data[10] = checksum;
-
-  this->write_data_(data);
+  this->tx_header_[TX_TYPE_IDX] = TYPE_CURRENT_STATE;
+  this->tx_header_[TX_DATA_IDX] = state;
+  this->write_data_();
 }
 
 void ImprovSerialComponent::set_error_(improv::Error error) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data = {'I', 'M', 'P', 'R', 'O', 'V'};
-  data.resize(11);
-  data[6] = IMPROV_SERIAL_VERSION;
-  data[7] = TYPE_ERROR_STATE;
-  data[8] = 1;
-  data[9] = error;
-
-  uint8_t checksum = 0x00;
-  for (uint8_t d : data)
-    checksum += d;
-  data[10] = checksum;
-  this->write_data_(data);
+  this->tx_header_[TX_TYPE_IDX] = TYPE_ERROR_STATE;
+  this->tx_header_[TX_DATA_IDX] = error;
+  this->write_data_();
 }
 
 void ImprovSerialComponent::send_response_(std::vector<uint8_t> &response) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data = {'I', 'M', 'P', 'R', 'O', 'V'};
-  data.resize(9);
-  data[6] = IMPROV_SERIAL_VERSION;
-  data[7] = TYPE_RPC_RESPONSE;
-  data[8] = response.size();
-  data.insert(data.end(), response.begin(), response.end());
-
-  uint8_t checksum = 0x00;
-  for (uint8_t d : data)
-    checksum += d;
-  data.push_back(checksum);
-
-  this->write_data_(data);
+  this->tx_header_[TX_TYPE_IDX] = TYPE_RPC_RESPONSE;
+  this->write_data_(response.data(), response.size());
 }
 
 void ImprovSerialComponent::on_wifi_connect_timeout_() {
   this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_UNABLE_TO_CONNECT);
   this->set_state_(improv::STATE_AUTHORIZED);
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Timed out trying to connect to given WiFi network");
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Timed out while connecting to Wi-Fi network");
   wifi::global_wifi_component->clear_sta();
 }
 

esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.h

@@ -26,6 +26,16 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace improv_serial {
 
+// TX buffer layout constants
+static constexpr uint8_t TX_HEADER_SIZE = 6;  // Bytes 0-5 = "IMPROV"
+static constexpr uint8_t TX_VERSION_IDX = 6;
+static constexpr uint8_t TX_TYPE_IDX = 7;
+static constexpr uint8_t TX_LENGTH_IDX = 8;
+static constexpr uint8_t TX_DATA_IDX = 9;  // For state/error messages only
+static constexpr uint8_t TX_CHECKSUM_IDX = 10;
+static constexpr uint8_t TX_NEWLINE_IDX = 11;
+static constexpr uint8_t TX_BUFFER_SIZE = 12;
+
 enum ImprovSerialType : uint8_t {
   TYPE_CURRENT_STATE = 0x01,
   TYPE_ERROR_STATE = 0x02,
@@ -57,7 +67,22 @@ class ImprovSerialComponent : public Component, public improv_base::ImprovBase {
   std::vector<uint8_t> build_version_info_();
 
   optional<uint8_t> read_byte_();
-  void write_data_(std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+  void write_data_(const uint8_t *data = nullptr, size_t size = 0);
+
+  uint8_t tx_header_[TX_BUFFER_SIZE] = {
+      'I',                    // 0: Header
+      'M',                    // 1: Header
+      'P',                    // 2: Header
+      'R',                    // 3: Header
+      'O',                    // 4: Header
+      'V',                    // 5: Header
+      IMPROV_SERIAL_VERSION,  // 6: Version
+      0,                      // 7: ImprovSerialType
+      0,                      // 8: Length
+      0,                      // 9...X: Data (here, one byte reserved for state/error)
+      0,                      // X + 10: Checksum
+      '\n',
+  };
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   uart_port_t uart_num_;

esphome/components/libretiny/gpio.py

@@ -199,6 +199,9 @@ async def component_pin_to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(num))
-    cg.add(var.set_inverted(config[CONF_INVERTED]))
+    # Only set if true to avoid bloating setup() function
+    # (inverted bit in pin_flags_ bitfield is zero-initialized to false)
+    if config[CONF_INVERTED]:
+        cg.add(var.set_inverted(True))
     cg.add(var.set_flags(pins.gpio_flags_expr(config[CONF_MODE])))
     return var

esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.h

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ class ArduinoInternalGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpio::InterruptType type) const override;
 
   uint8_t pin_;
-  bool inverted_;
-  gpio::Flags flags_;
+  bool inverted_{};
+  gpio::Flags flags_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace libretiny

esphome/components/light/addressable_light.cpp

@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ void AddressableLightTransformer::start() {
   this->target_color_ *= to_uint8_scale(end_values.get_brightness() * end_values.get_state());
 }
 
+inline constexpr uint8_t subtract_scaled_difference(uint8_t a, uint8_t b, int32_t scale) {
+  return uint8_t(int32_t(a) - (((int32_t(a) - int32_t(b)) * scale) / 256));
+}
+
 optional<LightColorValues> AddressableLightTransformer::apply() {
   float smoothed_progress = LightTransformer::smoothed_progress(this->get_progress_());
 
@@ -74,38 +78,37 @@ optional<LightColorValues> AddressableLightTransformer::apply() {
   // all LEDs, we use the current state of each LED as the start.
 
   // We can't use a direct lerp smoothing here though - that would require creating a copy of the original
-  // state of each LED at the start of the transition.
-  // Instead, we "fake" the look of the LERP by using an exponential average over time and using
-  // dynamically-calculated alpha values to match the look.
+  // state of each LED at the start of the transition. Instead, we "fake" the look of lerp by calculating
+  // the delta between the current state and the target state, assuming that the delta represents the rest
+  // of the transition that was to be applied as of the previous transition step, and scaling the delta for
+  // what should be left after the current transition step. In this manner, the delta decays to zero as the
+  // transition progresses.
+  //
+  // Here's an example of how the algorithm progresses in discrete steps:
+  //
+  // At time = 0.00, 0% complete, 100% remaining, 100% will remain after this step, so the scale is 100% / 100% = 100%.
+  // At time = 0.10, 0% complete, 100% remaining, 90% will remain after this step, so the scale is 90% / 100% = 90%.
+  // At time = 0.20, 10% complete, 90% remaining, 80% will remain after this step, so the scale is 80% / 90% = 88.9%.
+  // At time = 0.50, 20% complete, 80% remaining, 50% will remain after this step, so the scale is 50% / 80% = 62.5%.
+  // At time = 0.90, 50% complete, 50% remaining, 10% will remain after this step, so the scale is 10% / 50% = 20%.
+  // At time = 0.91, 90% complete, 10% remaining, 9% will remain after this step, so the scale is 9% / 10% = 90%.
+  // At time = 1.00, 91% complete, 9% remaining, 0% will remain after this step, so the scale is 0% / 9% = 0%.
+  //
+  // Because the color values are quantized to 8 bit resolution after each step, the transition may appear
+  // non-linear when applying small deltas.
 
-  float denom = (1.0f - smoothed_progress);
-  float alpha = denom == 0.0f ? 1.0f : (smoothed_progress - this->last_transition_progress_) / denom;
-
-  // We need to use a low-resolution alpha here which makes the transition set in only after ~half of the length
-  // We solve this by accumulating the fractional part of the alpha over time.
-  float alpha255 = alpha * 255.0f;
-  float alpha255int = floorf(alpha255);
-  float alpha255remainder = alpha255 - alpha255int;
-
-  this->accumulated_alpha_ += alpha255remainder;
-  float alpha_add = floorf(this->accumulated_alpha_);
-  this->accumulated_alpha_ -= alpha_add;
-
-  alpha255 += alpha_add;
-  alpha255 = clamp(alpha255, 0.0f, 255.0f);
-  auto alpha8 = static_cast<uint8_t>(alpha255);
-
-  if (alpha8 != 0) {
-    uint8_t inv_alpha8 = 255 - alpha8;
-    Color add = this->target_color_ * alpha8;
-
-    for (auto led : this->light_)
-      led.set(add + led.get() * inv_alpha8);
+  if (smoothed_progress > this->last_transition_progress_ && this->last_transition_progress_ < 1.f) {
+    int32_t scale = int32_t(256.f * std::max((1.f - smoothed_progress) / (1.f - this->last_transition_progress_), 0.f));
+    for (auto led : this->light_) {
+      led.set_rgbw(subtract_scaled_difference(this->target_color_.red, led.get_red(), scale),
+                   subtract_scaled_difference(this->target_color_.green, led.get_green(), scale),
+                   subtract_scaled_difference(this->target_color_.blue, led.get_blue(), scale),
+                   subtract_scaled_difference(this->target_color_.white, led.get_white(), scale));
+    }
+    this->last_transition_progress_ = smoothed_progress;
+    this->light_.schedule_show();
   }
 
-  this->last_transition_progress_ = smoothed_progress;
-  this->light_.schedule_show();
-
   return {};
 }
 

esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h

@@ -113,7 +113,6 @@ class AddressableLightTransformer : public LightTransformer {
  protected:
   AddressableLight &light_;
   float last_transition_progress_{0.0f};
-  float accumulated_alpha_{0.0f};
   Color target_color_{};
 };
 

esphome/components/light/addressable_light_effect.h

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/light/light_state.h"
 #include "esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h"
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ inline static uint8_t half_sin8(uint8_t v) { return sin16_c(uint16_t(v) * 128u)
 
 class AddressableLightEffect : public LightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit AddressableLightEffect(const std::string &name) : LightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit AddressableLightEffect(const char *name) : LightEffect(name) {}
   void start_internal() override {
     this->get_addressable_()->set_effect_active(true);
     this->get_addressable_()->clear_effect_data();
@@ -57,10 +57,9 @@ class AddressableLightEffect : public LightEffect {
 
 class AddressableLambdaLightEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
  public:
-  AddressableLambdaLightEffect(const std::string &name,
-                               std::function<void(AddressableLight &, Color, bool initial_run)> f,
+  AddressableLambdaLightEffect(const char *name, void (*f)(AddressableLight &, Color, bool initial_run),
                                uint32_t update_interval)
-      : AddressableLightEffect(name), f_(std::move(f)), update_interval_(update_interval) {}
+      : AddressableLightEffect(name), f_(f), update_interval_(update_interval) {}
   void start() override { this->initial_run_ = true; }
   void apply(AddressableLight &it, const Color &current_color) override {
     const uint32_t now = millis();
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ class AddressableLambdaLightEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
   }
 
  protected:
-  std::function<void(AddressableLight &, Color, bool initial_run)> f_;
+  void (*f_)(AddressableLight &, Color, bool initial_run);
   uint32_t update_interval_;
   uint32_t last_run_{0};
   bool initial_run_;
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ class AddressableLambdaLightEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
 
 class AddressableRainbowLightEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit AddressableRainbowLightEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit AddressableRainbowLightEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
   void apply(AddressableLight &it, const Color &current_color) override {
     ESPHSVColor hsv;
     hsv.value = 255;
@@ -112,8 +111,8 @@ struct AddressableColorWipeEffectColor {
 
 class AddressableColorWipeEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit AddressableColorWipeEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
-  void set_colors(const std::vector<AddressableColorWipeEffectColor> &colors) { this->colors_ = colors; }
+  explicit AddressableColorWipeEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+  void set_colors(const std::initializer_list<AddressableColorWipeEffectColor> &colors) { this->colors_ = colors; }
   void set_add_led_interval(uint32_t add_led_interval) { this->add_led_interval_ = add_led_interval; }
   void set_reverse(bool reverse) { this->reverse_ = reverse; }
   void apply(AddressableLight &it, const Color &current_color) override {
@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@ class AddressableColorWipeEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
   }
 
  protected:
-  std::vector<AddressableColorWipeEffectColor> colors_;
+  FixedVector<AddressableColorWipeEffectColor> colors_;
   size_t at_color_{0};
   uint32_t last_add_{0};
   uint32_t add_led_interval_{};
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ class AddressableColorWipeEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
 
 class AddressableScanEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit AddressableScanEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit AddressableScanEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
   void set_move_interval(uint32_t move_interval) { this->move_interval_ = move_interval; }
   void set_scan_width(uint32_t scan_width) { this->scan_width_ = scan_width; }
   void apply(AddressableLight &it, const Color &current_color) override {
@@ -202,7 +201,7 @@ class AddressableScanEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
 
 class AddressableTwinkleEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit AddressableTwinkleEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit AddressableTwinkleEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
   void apply(AddressableLight &addressable, const Color &current_color) override {
     const uint32_t now = millis();
     uint8_t pos_add = 0;
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ class AddressableTwinkleEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
 
 class AddressableRandomTwinkleEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit AddressableRandomTwinkleEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit AddressableRandomTwinkleEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
   void apply(AddressableLight &it, const Color &current_color) override {
     const uint32_t now = millis();
     uint8_t pos_add = 0;
@@ -293,7 +292,7 @@ class AddressableRandomTwinkleEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
 
 class AddressableFireworksEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit AddressableFireworksEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit AddressableFireworksEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
   void start() override {
     auto &it = *this->get_addressable_();
     it.all() = Color::BLACK;
@@ -342,7 +341,7 @@ class AddressableFireworksEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
 
 class AddressableFlickerEffect : public AddressableLightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit AddressableFlickerEffect(const std::string &name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit AddressableFlickerEffect(const char *name) : AddressableLightEffect(name) {}
   void apply(AddressableLight &it, const Color &current_color) override {
     const uint32_t now = millis();
     const uint8_t intensity = this->intensity_;

esphome/components/light/base_light_effects.h

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "light_effect.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ inline static float random_cubic_float() {
 /// Pulse effect.
 class PulseLightEffect : public LightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit PulseLightEffect(const std::string &name) : LightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit PulseLightEffect(const char *name) : LightEffect(name) {}
 
   void apply() override {
     const uint32_t now = millis();
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class PulseLightEffect : public LightEffect {
 /// Random effect. Sets random colors every 10 seconds and slowly transitions between them.
 class RandomLightEffect : public LightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit RandomLightEffect(const std::string &name) : LightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit RandomLightEffect(const char *name) : LightEffect(name) {}
 
   void apply() override {
     const uint32_t now = millis();
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ class RandomLightEffect : public LightEffect {
 
 class LambdaLightEffect : public LightEffect {
  public:
-  LambdaLightEffect(const std::string &name, std::function<void(bool initial_run)> f, uint32_t update_interval)
-      : LightEffect(name), f_(std::move(f)), update_interval_(update_interval) {}
+  LambdaLightEffect(const char *name, void (*f)(bool initial_run), uint32_t update_interval)
+      : LightEffect(name), f_(f), update_interval_(update_interval) {}
 
   void start() override { this->initial_run_ = true; }
   void apply() override {
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class LambdaLightEffect : public LightEffect {
   uint32_t get_current_index() const { return this->get_index(); }
 
  protected:
-  std::function<void(bool initial_run)> f_;
+  void (*f_)(bool initial_run);
   uint32_t update_interval_;
   uint32_t last_run_{0};
   bool initial_run_;
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class LambdaLightEffect : public LightEffect {
 
 class AutomationLightEffect : public LightEffect {
  public:
-  AutomationLightEffect(const std::string &name) : LightEffect(name) {}
+  AutomationLightEffect(const char *name) : LightEffect(name) {}
   void stop() override { this->trig_->stop_action(); }
   void apply() override {
     if (!this->trig_->is_action_running()) {
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ struct StrobeLightEffectColor {
 
 class StrobeLightEffect : public LightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit StrobeLightEffect(const std::string &name) : LightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit StrobeLightEffect(const char *name) : LightEffect(name) {}
   void apply() override {
     const uint32_t now = millis();
     if (now - this->last_switch_ < this->colors_[this->at_color_].duration)
@@ -188,17 +188,17 @@ class StrobeLightEffect : public LightEffect {
     this->last_switch_ = now;
   }
 
-  void set_colors(const std::vector<StrobeLightEffectColor> &colors) { this->colors_ = colors; }
+  void set_colors(const std::initializer_list<StrobeLightEffectColor> &colors) { this->colors_ = colors; }
 
  protected:
-  std::vector<StrobeLightEffectColor> colors_;
+  FixedVector<StrobeLightEffectColor> colors_;
   uint32_t last_switch_{0};
   size_t at_color_{0};
 };
 
 class FlickerLightEffect : public LightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit FlickerLightEffect(const std::string &name) : LightEffect(name) {}
+  explicit FlickerLightEffect(const char *name) : LightEffect(name) {}
 
   void apply() override {
     LightColorValues remote = this->state_->remote_values;

esphome/components/light/color_mode.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <cstdint>
+#include "esphome/core/finite_set_mask.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace light {
@@ -107,13 +108,9 @@ constexpr ColorModeHelper operator|(ColorModeHelper lhs, ColorMode rhs) {
 // Type alias for raw color mode bitmask values
 using color_mode_bitmask_t = uint16_t;
 
-// Constants for ColorMode count and bit range
-static constexpr int COLOR_MODE_COUNT = 10;                             // UNKNOWN through RGB_COLD_WARM_WHITE
-static constexpr int MAX_BIT_INDEX = sizeof(color_mode_bitmask_t) * 8;  // Number of bits in bitmask type
-
-// Compile-time array of all ColorMode values in declaration order
-// Bit positions (0-9) map directly to enum declaration order
-static constexpr ColorMode COLOR_MODES[COLOR_MODE_COUNT] = {
+// Lookup table for ColorMode bit mapping
+// This array defines the canonical order of color modes (bit 0-9)
+constexpr ColorMode COLOR_MODE_LOOKUP[] = {
     ColorMode::UNKNOWN,                // bit 0
     ColorMode::ON_OFF,                 // bit 1
     ColorMode::BRIGHTNESS,             // bit 2
@@ -126,33 +123,42 @@ static constexpr ColorMode COLOR_MODES[COLOR_MODE_COUNT] = {
     ColorMode::RGB_COLD_WARM_WHITE,    // bit 9
 };
 
-/// Map ColorMode enum values to bit positions (0-9)
-/// Bit positions follow the enum declaration order
-static constexpr int mode_to_bit(ColorMode mode) {
-  // Linear search through COLOR_MODES array
-  // Compiler optimizes this to efficient code since array is constexpr
-  for (int i = 0; i < COLOR_MODE_COUNT; ++i) {
-    if (COLOR_MODES[i] == mode)
-      return i;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
+/// Bit mapping policy for ColorMode
+/// Uses lookup table for non-contiguous enum values
+struct ColorModeBitPolicy {
+  using mask_t = uint16_t;  // 10 bits requires uint16_t
+  static constexpr int MAX_BITS = sizeof(COLOR_MODE_LOOKUP) / sizeof(COLOR_MODE_LOOKUP[0]);
 
-/// Map bit positions (0-9) to ColorMode enum values
-/// Bit positions follow the enum declaration order
-static constexpr ColorMode bit_to_mode(int bit) {
-  // Direct lookup in COLOR_MODES array
-  return (bit >= 0 && bit < COLOR_MODE_COUNT) ? COLOR_MODES[bit] : ColorMode::UNKNOWN;
-}
+  static constexpr unsigned to_bit(ColorMode mode) {
+    // Linear search through lookup table
+    // Compiler optimizes this to efficient code since array is constexpr
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_BITS; ++i) {
+      if (COLOR_MODE_LOOKUP[i] == mode)
+        return i;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  static constexpr ColorMode from_bit(unsigned bit) {
+    return (bit < MAX_BITS) ? COLOR_MODE_LOOKUP[bit] : ColorMode::UNKNOWN;
+  }
+};
+
+// Type alias for ColorMode bitmask using policy-based design
+using ColorModeMask = FiniteSetMask<ColorMode, ColorModeBitPolicy>;
+
+// Number of ColorCapability enum values
+constexpr int COLOR_CAPABILITY_COUNT = 6;
 
 /// Helper to compute capability bitmask at compile time
-static constexpr color_mode_bitmask_t compute_capability_bitmask(ColorCapability capability) {
-  color_mode_bitmask_t mask = 0;
+constexpr uint16_t compute_capability_bitmask(ColorCapability capability) {
+  uint16_t mask = 0;
   uint8_t cap_bit = static_cast<uint8_t>(capability);
 
   // Check each ColorMode to see if it has this capability
-  for (int bit = 0; bit < COLOR_MODE_COUNT; ++bit) {
-    uint8_t mode_val = static_cast<uint8_t>(bit_to_mode(bit));
+  constexpr int color_mode_count = sizeof(COLOR_MODE_LOOKUP) / sizeof(COLOR_MODE_LOOKUP[0]);
+  for (int bit = 0; bit < color_mode_count; ++bit) {
+    uint8_t mode_val = static_cast<uint8_t>(COLOR_MODE_LOOKUP[bit]);
     if ((mode_val & cap_bit) != 0) {
       mask |= (1 << bit);
     }
@@ -160,12 +166,9 @@ static constexpr color_mode_bitmask_t compute_capability_bitmask(ColorCapability
   return mask;
 }
 
-// Number of ColorCapability enum values
-static constexpr int COLOR_CAPABILITY_COUNT = 6;
-
 /// Compile-time lookup table mapping ColorCapability to bitmask
 /// This array is computed at compile time using constexpr
-static constexpr color_mode_bitmask_t CAPABILITY_BITMASKS[] = {
+constexpr uint16_t CAPABILITY_BITMASKS[] = {
     compute_capability_bitmask(ColorCapability::ON_OFF),             // 1 << 0
     compute_capability_bitmask(ColorCapability::BRIGHTNESS),         // 1 << 1
     compute_capability_bitmask(ColorCapability::WHITE),              // 1 << 2
@@ -174,130 +177,38 @@ static constexpr color_mode_bitmask_t CAPABILITY_BITMASKS[] = {
     compute_capability_bitmask(ColorCapability::RGB),                // 1 << 5
 };
 
-/// Bitmask for storing a set of ColorMode values efficiently.
-/// Replaces std::set<ColorMode> to eliminate red-black tree overhead (~586 bytes).
-class ColorModeMask {
- public:
-  constexpr ColorModeMask() = default;
-
-  /// Support initializer list syntax: {ColorMode::RGB, ColorMode::WHITE}
-  constexpr ColorModeMask(std::initializer_list<ColorMode> modes) {
-    for (auto mode : modes) {
-      this->add(mode);
-    }
-  }
-
-  constexpr void add(ColorMode mode) { this->mask_ |= (1 << mode_to_bit(mode)); }
-
-  /// Add multiple modes at once using initializer list
-  constexpr void add(std::initializer_list<ColorMode> modes) {
-    for (auto mode : modes) {
-      this->add(mode);
-    }
-  }
-
-  constexpr bool contains(ColorMode mode) const { return (this->mask_ & (1 << mode_to_bit(mode))) != 0; }
-
-  constexpr size_t size() const {
-    // Count set bits using Brian Kernighan's algorithm
-    // More efficient for sparse bitmasks (typical case: 2-4 modes out of 10)
-    uint16_t n = this->mask_;
-    size_t count = 0;
-    while (n) {
-      n &= n - 1;  // Clear the least significant set bit
-      count++;
-    }
-    return count;
-  }
-
-  constexpr bool empty() const { return this->mask_ == 0; }
-
-  /// Iterator support for API encoding
-  class Iterator {
-   public:
-    using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
-    using value_type = ColorMode;
-    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
-    using pointer = const ColorMode *;
-    using reference = ColorMode;
-
-    constexpr Iterator(color_mode_bitmask_t mask, int bit) : mask_(mask), bit_(bit) { advance_to_next_set_bit_(); }
-
-    constexpr ColorMode operator*() const { return bit_to_mode(bit_); }
-
-    constexpr Iterator &operator++() {
-      ++bit_;
-      advance_to_next_set_bit_();
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    constexpr bool operator==(const Iterator &other) const { return bit_ == other.bit_; }
-
-    constexpr bool operator!=(const Iterator &other) const { return !(*this == other); }
-
-   private:
-    constexpr void advance_to_next_set_bit_() { bit_ = ColorModeMask::find_next_set_bit(mask_, bit_); }
-
-    color_mode_bitmask_t mask_;
-    int bit_;
-  };
-
-  constexpr Iterator begin() const { return Iterator(mask_, 0); }
-  constexpr Iterator end() const { return Iterator(mask_, MAX_BIT_INDEX); }
-
-  /// Get the raw bitmask value for API encoding
-  constexpr color_mode_bitmask_t get_mask() const { return this->mask_; }
-
-  /// Find the next set bit in a bitmask starting from a given position
-  /// Returns the bit position, or MAX_BIT_INDEX if no more bits are set
-  static constexpr int find_next_set_bit(color_mode_bitmask_t mask, int start_bit) {
-    int bit = start_bit;
-    while (bit < MAX_BIT_INDEX && !(mask & (1 << bit))) {
-      ++bit;
-    }
-    return bit;
-  }
-
-  /// Find the first set bit in a bitmask and return the corresponding ColorMode
-  /// Used for optimizing compute_color_mode_() intersection logic
-  static constexpr ColorMode first_mode_from_mask(color_mode_bitmask_t mask) {
-    return bit_to_mode(find_next_set_bit(mask, 0));
-  }
-
-  /// Check if a ColorMode is present in a raw bitmask value
-  /// Useful for checking intersection results without creating a temporary ColorModeMask
-  static constexpr bool mask_contains(color_mode_bitmask_t mask, ColorMode mode) {
-    return (mask & (1 << mode_to_bit(mode))) != 0;
-  }
-
-  /// Check if any mode in the bitmask has a specific capability
-  /// Used for checking if a light supports a capability (e.g., BRIGHTNESS, RGB)
-  bool has_capability(ColorCapability capability) const {
-    // Lookup the pre-computed bitmask for this capability and check intersection with our mask
-    // ColorCapability values: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 -> array indices: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
-    // We need to convert the power-of-2 value to an index
-    uint8_t cap_val = static_cast<uint8_t>(capability);
+/**
+ * @brief Helper function to convert a power-of-2 ColorCapability value to an array index for CAPABILITY_BITMASKS
+ * lookup.
+ *
+ * This function maps ColorCapability values (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32) to array indices (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
+ * Used to index into the CAPABILITY_BITMASKS lookup table.
+ *
+ * @param capability A ColorCapability enum value (must be a power of 2).
+ * @return The corresponding array index (0-based).
+ */
+inline int capability_to_index(ColorCapability capability) {
+  uint8_t cap_val = static_cast<uint8_t>(capability);
 #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
-    // Use compiler intrinsic for efficient bit position lookup (O(1) vs O(log n))
-    int index = __builtin_ctz(cap_val);
+  // Use compiler intrinsic for efficient bit position lookup (O(1) vs O(log n))
+  return __builtin_ctz(cap_val);
 #else
-    // Fallback for compilers without __builtin_ctz
-    int index = 0;
-    while (cap_val > 1) {
-      cap_val >>= 1;
-      ++index;
-    }
-#endif
-    return (this->mask_ & CAPABILITY_BITMASKS[index]) != 0;
+  // Fallback for compilers without __builtin_ctz
+  int index = 0;
+  while (cap_val > 1) {
+    cap_val >>= 1;
+    ++index;
   }
+  return index;
+#endif
+}
 
- private:
-  // Using uint16_t instead of uint32_t for more efficient iteration (fewer bits to scan).
-  // Currently only 10 ColorMode values exist, so 16 bits is sufficient.
-  // Can be changed to uint32_t if more than 16 color modes are needed in the future.
-  // Note: Due to struct padding, uint16_t and uint32_t result in same LightTraits size (12 bytes).
-  color_mode_bitmask_t mask_{0};
-};
+/// Check if any mode in the bitmask has a specific capability
+/// Used for checking if a light supports a capability (e.g., BRIGHTNESS, RGB)
+inline bool has_capability(const ColorModeMask &mask, ColorCapability capability) {
+  // Lookup the pre-computed bitmask for this capability and check intersection with our mask
+  return (mask.get_mask() & CAPABILITY_BITMASKS[capability_to_index(capability)]) != 0;
+}
 
 }  // namespace light
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/light/esp_color_correction.h

@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ class ESPColorCorrection {
                  this->color_correct_blue(color.blue), this->color_correct_white(color.white));
   }
   inline uint8_t color_correct_red(uint8_t red) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
-    uint8_t res = esp_scale8(esp_scale8(red, this->max_brightness_.red), this->local_brightness_);
+    uint8_t res = esp_scale8_twice(red, this->max_brightness_.red, this->local_brightness_);
     return this->gamma_table_[res];
   }
   inline uint8_t color_correct_green(uint8_t green) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
-    uint8_t res = esp_scale8(esp_scale8(green, this->max_brightness_.green), this->local_brightness_);
+    uint8_t res = esp_scale8_twice(green, this->max_brightness_.green, this->local_brightness_);
     return this->gamma_table_[res];
   }
   inline uint8_t color_correct_blue(uint8_t blue) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
-    uint8_t res = esp_scale8(esp_scale8(blue, this->max_brightness_.blue), this->local_brightness_);
+    uint8_t res = esp_scale8_twice(blue, this->max_brightness_.blue, this->local_brightness_);
     return this->gamma_table_[res];
   }
   inline uint8_t color_correct_white(uint8_t white) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {
-    uint8_t res = esp_scale8(esp_scale8(white, this->max_brightness_.white), this->local_brightness_);
+    uint8_t res = esp_scale8_twice(white, this->max_brightness_.white, this->local_brightness_);
     return this->gamma_table_[res];
   }
   inline Color color_uncorrect(Color color) const ESPHOME_ALWAYS_INLINE {

esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ void LightCall::perform() {
     if (this->effect_ == 0u) {
       effect_s = "None";
     } else {
-      effect_s = this->parent_->effects_[this->effect_ - 1]->get_name().c_str();
+      effect_s = this->parent_->effects_[this->effect_ - 1]->get_name();
     }
 
     if (publish) {
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ ColorMode LightCall::compute_color_mode_() {
 
   // Use the preferred suitable mode.
   if (intersection != 0) {
-    ColorMode mode = ColorModeMask::first_mode_from_mask(intersection);
+    ColorMode mode = ColorModeMask::first_value_from_mask(intersection);
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "'%s': color mode not specified; using %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(),
              LOG_STR_ARG(color_mode_to_human(mode)));
     return mode;
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ LightCall &LightCall::set_effect(const std::string &effect) {
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < this->parent_->effects_.size(); i++) {
     LightEffect *e = this->parent_->effects_[i];
 
-    if (strcasecmp(effect.c_str(), e->get_name().c_str()) == 0) {
+    if (strcasecmp(effect.c_str(), e->get_name()) == 0) {
       this->set_effect(i + 1);
       found = true;
       break;

esphome/components/light/light_effect.h

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <utility>
-
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -11,7 +9,7 @@ class LightState;
 
 class LightEffect {
  public:
-  explicit LightEffect(std::string name) : name_(std::move(name)) {}
+  explicit LightEffect(const char *name) : name_(name) {}
 
   /// Initialize this LightEffect. Will be called once after creation.
   virtual void start() {}
@@ -24,7 +22,11 @@ class LightEffect {
   /// Apply this effect. Use the provided state for starting transitions, ...
   virtual void apply() = 0;
 
-  const std::string &get_name() { return this->name_; }
+  /**
+   * Returns the name of this effect.
+   * The returned pointer is valid for the lifetime of the program and must not be freed.
+   */
+  const char *get_name() const { return this->name_; }
 
   /// Internal method called by the LightState when this light effect is registered in it.
   virtual void init() {}
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ class LightEffect {
 
  protected:
   LightState *state_{nullptr};
-  std::string name_;
+  const char *name_;
 
   /// Internal method to find this effect's index in the parent light's effect list.
   uint32_t get_index_in_parent_() const;

esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp

@@ -178,12 +178,9 @@ void LightState::set_restore_mode(LightRestoreMode restore_mode) { this->restore
 void LightState::set_initial_state(const LightStateRTCState &initial_state) { this->initial_state_ = initial_state; }
 bool LightState::supports_effects() { return !this->effects_.empty(); }
 const FixedVector<LightEffect *> &LightState::get_effects() const { return this->effects_; }
-void LightState::add_effects(const std::vector<LightEffect *> &effects) {
+void LightState::add_effects(const std::initializer_list<LightEffect *> &effects) {
   // Called once from Python codegen during setup with all effects from YAML config
-  this->effects_.init(effects.size());
-  for (auto *effect : effects) {
-    this->effects_.push_back(effect);
-  }
+  this->effects_ = effects;
 }
 
 void LightState::current_values_as_binary(bool *binary) { this->current_values.as_binary(binary); }

esphome/components/light/light_state.h

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
   const FixedVector<LightEffect *> &get_effects() const;
 
   /// Add effects for this light state.
-  void add_effects(const std::vector<LightEffect *> &effects);
+  void add_effects(const std::initializer_list<LightEffect *> &effects);
 
   /// Get the total number of effects available for this light.
   size_t get_effect_count() const { return this->effects_.size(); }
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
       return 0;
     }
     for (size_t i = 0; i < this->effects_.size(); i++) {
-      if (strcasecmp(effect_name.c_str(), this->effects_[i]->get_name().c_str()) == 0) {
+      if (strcasecmp(effect_name.c_str(), this->effects_[i]->get_name()) == 0) {
         return i + 1;  // Effects are 1-indexed in active_effect_index_
       }
     }

esphome/components/light/light_traits.h

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ class LightTraits {
     this->supported_color_modes_ = ColorModeMask(modes);
   }
 
-  bool supports_color_mode(ColorMode color_mode) const { return this->supported_color_modes_.contains(color_mode); }
+  bool supports_color_mode(ColorMode color_mode) const { return this->supported_color_modes_.count(color_mode) > 0; }
   bool supports_color_capability(ColorCapability color_capability) const {
-    return this->supported_color_modes_.has_capability(color_capability);
+    return has_capability(this->supported_color_modes_, color_capability);
   }
 
   float get_min_mireds() const { return this->min_mireds_; }

esphome/components/logger/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import re
 
 from esphome import automation
-from esphome.automation import LambdaAction
+from esphome.automation import LambdaAction, StatelessLambdaAction
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option, get_esp32_variant
 from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
@@ -430,7 +430,9 @@ async def logger_log_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     text = str(cg.statement(esp_log(config[CONF_TAG], config[CONF_FORMAT], *args_)))
 
     lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(Lambda(text), args, return_type=cg.void)
-    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, lambda_)
+    return automation.new_lambda_pvariable(
+        action_id, lambda_, StatelessLambdaAction, template_arg
+    )
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
@@ -455,7 +457,9 @@ async def logger_set_level_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         text = str(cg.statement(logger.set_log_level(level)))
 
     lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(Lambda(text), args, return_type=cg.void)
-    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, lambda_)
+    return automation.new_lambda_pvariable(
+        action_id, lambda_, StatelessLambdaAction, template_arg
+    )
 
 
 FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = filter_source_files_from_platform(

esphome/components/network/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import ipaddress
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
@@ -10,6 +12,41 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["mdns"]
 network_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("network")
 IPAddress = network_ns.class_("IPAddress")
 
+
+def ip_address_literal(ip: str | int | None) -> cg.MockObj:
+    """Generate an IPAddress with compile-time initialization instead of runtime parsing.
+
+    This function parses the IP address in Python during code generation and generates
+    a call to the 4-octet constructor (IPAddress(192, 168, 1, 1)) instead of the
+    string constructor (IPAddress("192.168.1.1")). This eliminates runtime string
+    parsing overhead and reduces flash usage on embedded systems.
+
+    Args:
+        ip: IP address as string (e.g., "192.168.1.1"), ipaddress.IPv4Address, or None
+
+    Returns:
+        IPAddress expression that uses 4-octet constructor for efficiency
+    """
+    if ip is None:
+        return IPAddress(0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+    try:
+        # Parse using Python's ipaddress module
+        ip_obj = ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        pass
+    else:
+        # Only support IPv4 for now
+        if isinstance(ip_obj, ipaddress.IPv4Address):
+            # Extract octets from the packed bytes representation
+            octets = ip_obj.packed
+            # Generate call to 4-octet constructor: IPAddress(192, 168, 1, 1)
+            return IPAddress(octets[0], octets[1], octets[2], octets[3])
+
+    # Fallback to string constructor if parsing fails
+    return IPAddress(str(ip))
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.SplitDefault(

esphome/components/network/util.cpp

@@ -99,7 +99,11 @@ const std::string &get_use_address() {
   return wifi::global_wifi_component->get_use_address();
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(USE_ETHERNET) && !defined(USE_MODEM) && !defined(USE_WIFI)
+#ifdef USE_OPENTHREAD
+  return openthread::global_openthread_component->get_use_address();
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(USE_ETHERNET) && !defined(USE_MODEM) && !defined(USE_WIFI) && !defined(USE_OPENTHREAD)
   // Fallback when no network component is defined (e.g., host platform)
   static const std::string empty;
   return empty;

esphome/components/nextion/nextion.h

@@ -540,6 +540,23 @@ class Nextion : public NextionBase, public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDe
    */
   void goto_page(uint8_t page);
 
+  /**
+   * Set the visibility of a component.
+   *
+   * @param component The component name.
+   * @param show True to show the component, false to hide it.
+   *
+   * @see show_component()
+   * @see hide_component()
+   *
+   * Example:
+   * ```cpp
+   * it.set_component_visibility("textview", true);   // Equivalent to show_component("textview")
+   * it.set_component_visibility("textview", false);  // Equivalent to hide_component("textview")
+   * ```
+   */
+  void set_component_visibility(const char *component, bool show) override;
+
   /**
    * Hide a component.
    * @param component The component name.

esphome/components/nextion/nextion_base.h

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ class NextionBase {
   virtual void set_component_pressed_font_color(const char *component, Color color) = 0;
   virtual void set_component_font(const char *component, uint8_t font_id) = 0;
 
+  virtual void set_component_visibility(const char *component, bool show) = 0;
   virtual void show_component(const char *component) = 0;
   virtual void hide_component(const char *component) = 0;
 

esphome/components/nextion/nextion_commands.cpp

@@ -201,13 +201,13 @@ void Nextion::set_component_font(const char *component, uint8_t font_id) {
   this->add_no_result_to_queue_with_printf_("set_component_font", "%s.font=%" PRIu8, component, font_id);
 }
 
-void Nextion::hide_component(const char *component) {
-  this->add_no_result_to_queue_with_printf_("hide_component", "vis %s,0", component);
+void Nextion::set_component_visibility(const char *component, bool show) {
+  this->add_no_result_to_queue_with_printf_("set_component_visibility", "vis %s,%d", component, show ? 1 : 0);
 }
 
-void Nextion::show_component(const char *component) {
-  this->add_no_result_to_queue_with_printf_("show_component", "vis %s,1", component);
-}
+void Nextion::hide_component(const char *component) { this->set_component_visibility(component, false); }
+
+void Nextion::show_component(const char *component) { this->set_component_visibility(component, true); }
 
 void Nextion::enable_component_touch(const char *component) {
   this->add_no_result_to_queue_with_printf_("enable_component_touch", "tsw %s,1", component);

esphome/components/nextion/nextion_component.cpp

@@ -81,13 +81,11 @@ void NextionComponent::update_component_settings(bool force_update) {
 
     this->component_flags_.visible_needs_update = false;
 
-    if (this->component_flags_.visible) {
-      this->nextion_->show_component(name_to_send.c_str());
-      this->send_state_to_nextion();
-    } else {
-      this->nextion_->hide_component(name_to_send.c_str());
+    this->nextion_->set_component_visibility(name_to_send.c_str(), this->component_flags_.visible);
+    if (!this->component_flags_.visible) {
       return;
     }
+    this->send_state_to_nextion();
   }
 
   if (this->component_flags_.bco_needs_update || (force_update && this->component_flags_.bco2_is_set)) {

esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp

@@ -174,11 +174,6 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
 
   // Check if baud rate is supported
   this->original_baud_rate_ = this->parent_->get_baud_rate();
-  static const std::vector<uint32_t> SUPPORTED_BAUD_RATES = {2400,   4800,   9600,   19200,  31250,  38400, 57600,
-                                                             115200, 230400, 250000, 256000, 512000, 921600};
-  if (std::find(SUPPORTED_BAUD_RATES.begin(), SUPPORTED_BAUD_RATES.end(), baud_rate) == SUPPORTED_BAUD_RATES.end()) {
-    baud_rate = this->original_baud_rate_;
-  }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Baud rate: %" PRIu32, baud_rate);
 
   // Define the configuration for the HTTP client

esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_idf.cpp

@@ -177,11 +177,6 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
 
   // Check if baud rate is supported
   this->original_baud_rate_ = this->parent_->get_baud_rate();
-  static const std::vector<uint32_t> SUPPORTED_BAUD_RATES = {2400,   4800,   9600,   19200,  31250,  38400, 57600,
-                                                             115200, 230400, 250000, 256000, 512000, 921600};
-  if (std::find(SUPPORTED_BAUD_RATES.begin(), SUPPORTED_BAUD_RATES.end(), baud_rate) == SUPPORTED_BAUD_RATES.end()) {
-    baud_rate = this->original_baud_rate_;
-  }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Baud rate: %" PRIu32, baud_rate);
 
   // Define the configuration for the HTTP client

esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import asyncio
 import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -277,3 +278,19 @@ def upload_program(config: ConfigType, args, host: str) -> bool:
         raise EsphomeError(f"Upload failed with result: {result}")
 
     return handled
+
+
+def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args, devices: list[str]) -> bool:
+    address = devices[0]
+    from .ble_logger import is_mac_address, logger_connect, logger_scan
+
+    if devices[0] == "BLE":
+        ble_device = asyncio.run(logger_scan(CORE.config["esphome"]["name"]))
+        if ble_device:
+            address = ble_device.address
+        else:
+            return True
+    if is_mac_address(address):
+        asyncio.run(logger_connect(address))
+        return True
+    return False

esphome/components/nrf52/ble_logger.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import asyncio
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import Final
+
+from bleak import BleakClient, BleakScanner, BLEDevice
+from bleak.exc import (
+    BleakCharacteristicNotFoundError,
+    BleakDBusError,
+    BleakDeviceNotFoundError,
+)
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+NUS_SERVICE_UUID = "6E400001-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
+NUS_TX_CHAR_UUID = "6E400003-B5A3-F393-E0A9-E50E24DCCA9E"
+
+MAC_ADDRESS_PATTERN: Final = re.compile(
+    r"([0-9A-F]{2}[:]){5}[0-9A-F]{2}$", flags=re.IGNORECASE
+)
+
+
+def is_mac_address(value: str) -> bool:
+    return MAC_ADDRESS_PATTERN.match(value)
+
+
+async def logger_scan(name: str) -> BLEDevice | None:
+    _LOGGER.info("Scanning bluetooth for %s...", name)
+    device = await BleakScanner.find_device_by_name(name)
+    if not device:
+        _LOGGER.error("%s Bluetooth LE device was not found!", name)
+    return device
+
+
+async def logger_connect(host: str) -> int | None:
+    disconnected_event = asyncio.Event()
+
+    def handle_disconnect(client):
+        disconnected_event.set()
+
+    def handle_rx(_, data: bytearray):
+        print(data.decode("utf-8"), end="")
+
+    _LOGGER.info("Connecting %s...", host)
+    try:
+        async with BleakClient(host, disconnected_callback=handle_disconnect) as client:
+            _LOGGER.info("Connected %s...", host)
+            try:
+                await client.start_notify(NUS_TX_CHAR_UUID, handle_rx)
+            except BleakDBusError as e:
+                _LOGGER.error("Bluetooth LE logger: %s", e)
+                disconnected_event.set()
+            await disconnected_event.wait()
+    except BleakDeviceNotFoundError:
+        _LOGGER.error("Device %s not found", host)
+        return 1
+    except BleakCharacteristicNotFoundError:
+        _LOGGER.error("Device %s has no NUS characteristic", host)
+        return 1

esphome/components/nrf52/gpio.py

@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ async def nrf52_pin_to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(num))
-    cg.add(var.set_inverted(config[CONF_INVERTED]))
+    # Only set if true to avoid bloating setup() function
+    # (inverted bit in pin_flags_ bitfield is zero-initialized to false)
+    if config[CONF_INVERTED]:
+        cg.add(var.set_inverted(True))
     cg.add(var.set_flags(pins.gpio_flags_expr(config[CONF_MODE])))
     return var

esphome/components/number/__init__.py

@@ -252,7 +252,10 @@ async def setup_number_core_(
     cg.add(var.traits.set_max_value(max_value))
     cg.add(var.traits.set_step(step))
 
-    cg.add(var.traits.set_mode(config[CONF_MODE]))
+    # Only set if non-default to avoid bloating setup() function
+    # (mode_ is initialized to NUMBER_MODE_AUTO in the header)
+    if config[CONF_MODE] != NumberMode.NUMBER_MODE_AUTO:
+        cg.add(var.traits.set_mode(config[CONF_MODE]))
 
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_VALUE, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)

esphome/components/openthread/__init__.py

@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
     VARIANT_ESP32H2,
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option,
     only_on_variant,
+    require_vfs_select,
 )
 from esphome.components.mdns import MDNSComponent, enable_mdns_storage
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ENABLE_IPV6, CONF_ID
+from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ENABLE_IPV6, CONF_ID, CONF_USE_ADDRESS
+from esphome.core import CORE
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 from .const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_TYPE,
@@ -106,6 +109,20 @@ _CONNECTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     }
 )
 
+
+def _validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if CONF_USE_ADDRESS not in config:
+        config[CONF_USE_ADDRESS] = f"{CORE.name}.local"
+    return config
+
+
+def _require_vfs_select(config):
+    """Register VFS select requirement during config validation."""
+    # OpenThread uses esp_vfs_eventfd which requires VFS select support
+    require_vfs_select()
+    return config
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -117,11 +134,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_FORCE_DATASET): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_TLV): cv.string_strict,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_USE_ADDRESS): cv.string_strict,
         }
     ).extend(_CONNECTION_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_NETWORK_KEY, CONF_TLV),
     cv.only_with_esp_idf,
     only_on_variant(supported=[VARIANT_ESP32C6, VARIANT_ESP32H2]),
+    _validate,
+    _require_vfs_select,
 )
 
 
@@ -145,6 +165,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     enable_mdns_storage()
 
     ot = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    cg.add(ot.set_use_address(config[CONF_USE_ADDRESS]))
     await cg.register_component(ot, config)
 
     srp = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_SRP_ID])

esphome/components/openthread/openthread.cpp

@@ -252,6 +252,12 @@ void OpenThreadComponent::on_factory_reset(std::function<void()> callback) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Waiting on Confirmation Removal SRP Host and Services");
 }
 
+// set_use_address() is guaranteed to be called during component setup by Python code generation,
+// so use_address_ will always be valid when get_use_address() is called - no fallback needed.
+const std::string &OpenThreadComponent::get_use_address() const { return this->use_address_; }
+
+void OpenThreadComponent::set_use_address(const std::string &use_address) { this->use_address_ = use_address; }
+
 }  // namespace openthread
 }  // namespace esphome
 

esphome/components/openthread/openthread.h

@@ -33,11 +33,15 @@ class OpenThreadComponent : public Component {
   void on_factory_reset(std::function<void()> callback);
   void defer_factory_reset_external_callback();
 
+  const std::string &get_use_address() const;
+  void set_use_address(const std::string &use_address);
+
  protected:
   std::optional<otIp6Address> get_omr_address_(InstanceLock &lock);
   bool teardown_started_{false};
   bool teardown_complete_{false};
   std::function<void()> factory_reset_external_callback_;
+  std::string use_address_;
 };
 
 extern OpenThreadComponent *global_openthread_component;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)

esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
   }
   if (this->state_ == STATE_COMMAND_COMPLETE) {
     if (this->check_incoming_length_(4)) {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "response length for command OK");
       if (this->check_incoming_crc_()) {
         // crc ok
         if (this->read_buffer_[1] == 'A' && this->read_buffer_[2] == 'C' && this->read_buffer_[3] == 'K') {
@@ -49,15 +48,15 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
         this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_] = std::string("");
         this->command_queue_position_ = (command_queue_position_ + 1) % COMMAND_QUEUE_LENGTH;
         this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
-
       } else {
         // crc failed
+        // no log message necessary, check_incoming_crc_() logs
         this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_] = std::string("");
         this->command_queue_position_ = (command_queue_position_ + 1) % COMMAND_QUEUE_LENGTH;
         this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
       }
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "response length for command %s not OK: with length %zu",
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "command %s response length not OK: with length %zu",
                this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_].c_str(), this->read_pos_);
       this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_] = std::string("");
       this->command_queue_position_ = (command_queue_position_ + 1) % COMMAND_QUEUE_LENGTH;
@@ -66,46 +65,10 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
   }
 
   if (this->state_ == STATE_POLL_CHECKED) {
-    switch (this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].identifier) {
-      case POLLING_QPIRI:
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decode QPIRI");
-        handle_qpiri_((const char *) this->read_buffer_);
-        this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
-        break;
-      case POLLING_QPIGS:
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decode QPIGS");
-        handle_qpigs_((const char *) this->read_buffer_);
-        this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
-        break;
-      case POLLING_QMOD:
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decode QMOD");
-        handle_qmod_((const char *) this->read_buffer_);
-        this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
-        break;
-      case POLLING_QFLAG:
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decode QFLAG");
-        handle_qflag_((const char *) this->read_buffer_);
-        this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
-        break;
-      case POLLING_QPIWS:
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decode QPIWS");
-        handle_qpiws_((const char *) this->read_buffer_);
-        this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
-        break;
-      case POLLING_QT:
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decode QT");
-        handle_qt_((const char *) this->read_buffer_);
-        this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
-        break;
-      case POLLING_QMN:
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Decode QMN");
-        handle_qmn_((const char *) this->read_buffer_);
-        this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
-        break;
-      default:
-        this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
-        break;
-    }
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "poll %s decode", this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command);
+    this->handle_poll_response_(this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].identifier,
+                                (const char *) this->read_buffer_);
+    this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
     return;
   }
 
@@ -113,6 +76,8 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
     if (this->check_incoming_crc_()) {
       if (this->read_buffer_[0] == '(' && this->read_buffer_[1] == 'N' && this->read_buffer_[2] == 'A' &&
           this->read_buffer_[3] == 'K') {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "poll %s NACK", this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command);
+        this->handle_poll_error_(this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].identifier);
         this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
         return;
       }
@@ -121,6 +86,9 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
       this->state_ = STATE_POLL_CHECKED;
       return;
     } else {
+      // crc failed
+      // no log message necessary, check_incoming_crc_() logs
+      this->handle_poll_error_(this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].identifier);
       this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
     }
   }
@@ -158,21 +126,19 @@ void Pipsolar::loop() {
       // command timeout
       const char *command = this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_].c_str();
       this->command_start_millis_ = millis();
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "timeout command from queue: %s", command);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "command %s timeout", command);
       this->command_queue_[this->command_queue_position_] = std::string("");
       this->command_queue_position_ = (command_queue_position_ + 1) % COMMAND_QUEUE_LENGTH;
       this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
       return;
-    } else {
     }
   }
   if (this->state_ == STATE_POLL) {
     if (millis() - this->command_start_millis_ > esphome::pipsolar::Pipsolar::COMMAND_TIMEOUT) {
       // command timeout
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "timeout command to poll: %s",
-               this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "poll %s timeout", this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command);
+      this->handle_poll_error_(this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].identifier);
       this->state_ = STATE_IDLE;
-    } else {
     }
   }
 }
@@ -187,7 +153,6 @@ uint8_t Pipsolar::check_incoming_length_(uint8_t length) {
 uint8_t Pipsolar::check_incoming_crc_() {
   uint16_t crc16;
   crc16 = this->pipsolar_crc_(read_buffer_, read_pos_ - 3);
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "checking crc on incoming message");
   if (((uint8_t) ((crc16) >> 8)) == read_buffer_[read_pos_ - 3] &&
       ((uint8_t) ((crc16) &0xff)) == read_buffer_[read_pos_ - 2]) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CRC OK");
@@ -253,7 +218,7 @@ bool Pipsolar::send_next_poll_() {
     this->write(((uint8_t) ((crc16) &0xff)));  // lowbyte
     // end Byte
     this->write(0x0D);
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending polling command : %s with length %d",
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending polling command: %s with length %d",
              this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].command,
              this->enabled_polling_commands_[this->last_polling_command_].length);
     return true;
@@ -274,6 +239,38 @@ void Pipsolar::queue_command(const std::string &command) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Command queue full dropping command: %s", command.c_str());
 }
 
+void Pipsolar::handle_poll_response_(ENUMPollingCommand polling_command, const char *message) {
+  switch (polling_command) {
+    case POLLING_QPIRI:
+      handle_qpiri_(message);
+      break;
+    case POLLING_QPIGS:
+      handle_qpigs_(message);
+      break;
+    case POLLING_QMOD:
+      handle_qmod_(message);
+      break;
+    case POLLING_QFLAG:
+      handle_qflag_(message);
+      break;
+    case POLLING_QPIWS:
+      handle_qpiws_(message);
+      break;
+    case POLLING_QT:
+      handle_qt_(message);
+      break;
+    case POLLING_QMN:
+      handle_qmn_(message);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+void Pipsolar::handle_poll_error_(ENUMPollingCommand polling_command) {
+  // handlers are designed in a way that an empty message sets all sensors to unknown
+  this->handle_poll_response_(polling_command, "");
+}
+
 void Pipsolar::handle_qpiri_(const char *message) {
   if (this->last_qpiri_) {
     this->last_qpiri_->publish_state(message);

esphome/components/pipsolar/pipsolar.h

@@ -204,6 +204,9 @@ class Pipsolar : public uart::UARTDevice, public PollingComponent {
   bool send_next_command_();
   bool send_next_poll_();
 
+  void handle_poll_response_(ENUMPollingCommand polling_command, const char *message);
+  void handle_poll_error_(ENUMPollingCommand polling_command);
+  // these handlers are designed in a way that an empty message sets all sensors to unknown
   void handle_qpiri_(const char *message);
   void handle_qpigs_(const char *message);
   void handle_qmod_(const char *message);

esphome/components/pipsolar/sensor/__init__.py

@@ -4,11 +4,18 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BATTERY_VOLTAGE,
     CONF_BUS_VOLTAGE,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_BATTERY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
     DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
     DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+    ICON_BATTERY,
     ICON_CURRENT_AC,
+    ICON_FLASH,
+    ICON_GAUGE,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_AMPERE,
     UNIT_CELSIUS,
     UNIT_HERTZ,
@@ -22,6 +29,10 @@ from .. import CONF_PIPSOLAR_ID, PIPSOLAR_COMPONENT_SCHEMA
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
+ICON_SOLAR_POWER = "mdi:solar-power"
+ICON_SOLAR_PANEL = "mdi:solar-panel"
+ICON_CURRENT_DC = "mdi:current-dc"
+
 # QPIRI sensors
 CONF_GRID_RATING_VOLTAGE = "grid_rating_voltage"
 CONF_GRID_RATING_CURRENT = "grid_rating_current"
@@ -75,16 +86,19 @@ TYPES = {
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
         accuracy_decimals=1,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_GRID_RATING_CURRENT: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_AMPERE,
         accuracy_decimals=1,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_AC_OUTPUT_RATING_VOLTAGE: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
         accuracy_decimals=1,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_AC_OUTPUT_RATING_FREQUENCY: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_HERTZ,
@@ -98,11 +112,12 @@ TYPES = {
     ),
     CONF_AC_OUTPUT_RATING_APPARENT_POWER: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
     ),
     CONF_AC_OUTPUT_RATING_ACTIVE_POWER: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_WATT,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
     ),
     CONF_BATTERY_RATING_VOLTAGE: sensor.sensor_schema(
@@ -131,124 +146,151 @@ TYPES = {
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
     ),
     CONF_BATTERY_TYPE: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_CURRENT_MAX_AC_CHARGING_CURRENT: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_AMPERE,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
     ),
     CONF_CURRENT_MAX_CHARGING_CURRENT: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_AMPERE,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
     ),
     CONF_INPUT_VOLTAGE_RANGE: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_OUTPUT_SOURCE_PRIORITY: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_CHARGER_SOURCE_PRIORITY: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_PARALLEL_MAX_NUM: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_MACHINE_TYPE: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_TOPOLOGY: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_OUTPUT_MODE: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_BATTERY_REDISCHARGE_VOLTAGE: sensor.sensor_schema(
         accuracy_decimals=1,
     ),
     CONF_PV_OK_CONDITION_FOR_PARALLEL: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_PV_POWER_BALANCE: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_GRID_VOLTAGE: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
         accuracy_decimals=1,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_GRID_FREQUENCY: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_HERTZ,
         icon=ICON_CURRENT_AC,
         accuracy_decimals=1,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_AC_OUTPUT_VOLTAGE: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
         accuracy_decimals=1,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_AC_OUTPUT_FREQUENCY: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_HERTZ,
         icon=ICON_CURRENT_AC,
         accuracy_decimals=1,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_FREQUENCY,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_AC_OUTPUT_APPARENT_POWER: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_APPARENT_POWER,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_AC_OUTPUT_ACTIVE_POWER: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_WATT,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_OUTPUT_LOAD_PERCENT: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        icon=ICON_GAUGE,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_BUS_VOLTAGE: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        icon=ICON_FLASH,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_BATTERY_VOLTAGE: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        icon=ICON_BATTERY,
+        accuracy_decimals=2,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_BATTERY_CHARGING_CURRENT: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_AMPERE,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        icon=ICON_CURRENT_DC,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_BATTERY_CAPACITY_PERCENT: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_BATTERY,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_INVERTER_HEAT_SINK_TEMPERATURE: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_PV_INPUT_CURRENT_FOR_BATTERY: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_AMPERE,
+        icon=ICON_SOLAR_PANEL,
         accuracy_decimals=1,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_PV_INPUT_VOLTAGE: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
+        icon=ICON_SOLAR_PANEL,
         accuracy_decimals=1,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_BATTERY_VOLTAGE_SCC: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=2,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_BATTERY_DISCHARGE_CURRENT: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_AMPERE,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        icon=ICON_CURRENT_DC,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CURRENT,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
     CONF_BATTERY_VOLTAGE_OFFSET_FOR_FANS_ON: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
@@ -256,12 +298,14 @@ TYPES = {
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLTAGE,
     ),
     CONF_EEPROM_VERSION: sensor.sensor_schema(
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
     ),
     CONF_PV_CHARGING_POWER: sensor.sensor_schema(
         unit_of_measurement=UNIT_WATT,
-        accuracy_decimals=1,
+        icon=ICON_SOLAR_POWER,
+        accuracy_decimals=0,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
+        state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     ),
 }
 

esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h

@@ -12,6 +12,25 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace remote_transmitter {
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 1)
+// IDF version 5.5.1 and above is required because of a bug in
+// the RMT encoder: https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/17244
+typedef union {  // NOLINT(modernize-use-using)
+  struct {
+    uint16_t duration : 15;
+    uint16_t level : 1;
+  };
+  uint16_t val;
+} rmt_symbol_half_t;
+
+struct RemoteTransmitterComponentStore {
+  uint32_t times{0};
+  uint32_t index{0};
+};
+#endif
+#endif
+
 class RemoteTransmitterComponent : public remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBase,
                                    public Component
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
@@ -56,9 +75,14 @@ class RemoteTransmitterComponent : public remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBase,
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
   void configure_rmt_();
 
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 1)
+  RemoteTransmitterComponentStore store_{};
+  std::vector<rmt_symbol_half_t> rmt_temp_;
+#else
+  std::vector<rmt_symbol_word_t> rmt_temp_;
+#endif
   uint32_t current_carrier_frequency_{38000};
   bool initialized_{false};
-  std::vector<rmt_symbol_word_t> rmt_temp_;
   bool with_dma_{false};
   bool eot_level_{false};
   rmt_channel_handle_t channel_{NULL};

esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter_esp32.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,46 @@ namespace remote_transmitter {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "remote_transmitter";
 
+// Maximum RMT symbol duration (15-bit field)
+static constexpr uint32_t RMT_SYMBOL_DURATION_MAX = 0x7FFF;
+
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 1)
+static size_t IRAM_ATTR HOT encoder_callback(const void *data, size_t size, size_t written, size_t free,
+                                             rmt_symbol_word_t *symbols, bool *done, void *arg) {
+  auto *store = static_cast<RemoteTransmitterComponentStore *>(arg);
+  const auto *encoded = static_cast<const rmt_symbol_half_t *>(data);
+  size_t length = size / sizeof(rmt_symbol_half_t);
+  size_t count = 0;
+
+  // copy symbols
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < free; i++) {
+    uint16_t sym_0 = encoded[store->index++].val;
+    if (store->index >= length) {
+      store->index = 0;
+      store->times--;
+      if (store->times == 0) {
+        *done = true;
+        symbols[count++].val = sym_0;
+        return count;
+      }
+    }
+    uint16_t sym_1 = encoded[store->index++].val;
+    if (store->index >= length) {
+      store->index = 0;
+      store->times--;
+      if (store->times == 0) {
+        *done = true;
+        symbols[count++].val = sym_0 | (sym_1 << 16);
+        return count;
+      }
+    }
+    symbols[count++].val = sym_0 | (sym_1 << 16);
+  }
+  *done = false;
+  return count;
+}
+#endif
+
 void RemoteTransmitterComponent::setup() {
   this->inverted_ = this->pin_->is_inverted();
   this->configure_rmt_();
@@ -34,6 +74,17 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 
 void RemoteTransmitterComponent::digital_write(bool value) {
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 1)
+  rmt_symbol_half_t symbol = {
+      .duration = 1,
+      .level = value,
+  };
+  rmt_transmit_config_t config;
+  memset(&config, 0, sizeof(config));
+  config.flags.eot_level = value;
+  this->store_.times = 1;
+  this->store_.index = 0;
+#else
   rmt_symbol_word_t symbol = {
       .duration0 = 1,
       .level0 = value,
@@ -42,8 +93,8 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::digital_write(bool value) {
   };
   rmt_transmit_config_t config;
   memset(&config, 0, sizeof(config));
-  config.loop_count = 0;
   config.flags.eot_level = value;
+#endif
   esp_err_t error = rmt_transmit(this->channel_, this->encoder_, &symbol, sizeof(symbol), &config);
   if (error != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "rmt_transmit failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(error));
@@ -90,6 +141,20 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::configure_rmt_() {
       gpio_pullup_dis(gpio_num_t(this->pin_->get_pin()));
     }
 
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 1)
+    rmt_simple_encoder_config_t encoder;
+    memset(&encoder, 0, sizeof(encoder));
+    encoder.callback = encoder_callback;
+    encoder.arg = &this->store_;
+    encoder.min_chunk_size = 1;
+    error = rmt_new_simple_encoder(&encoder, &this->encoder_);
+    if (error != ESP_OK) {
+      this->error_code_ = error;
+      this->error_string_ = "in rmt_new_simple_encoder";
+      this->mark_failed();
+      return;
+    }
+#else
     rmt_copy_encoder_config_t encoder;
     memset(&encoder, 0, sizeof(encoder));
     error = rmt_new_copy_encoder(&encoder, &this->encoder_);
@@ -99,6 +164,7 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::configure_rmt_() {
       this->mark_failed();
       return;
     }
+#endif
 
     error = rmt_enable(this->channel_);
     if (error != ESP_OK) {
@@ -130,6 +196,79 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::configure_rmt_() {
   }
 }
 
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 1)
+void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) {
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (this->current_carrier_frequency_ != this->temp_.get_carrier_frequency()) {
+    this->current_carrier_frequency_ = this->temp_.get_carrier_frequency();
+    this->configure_rmt_();
+  }
+
+  this->rmt_temp_.clear();
+  this->rmt_temp_.reserve(this->temp_.get_data().size() + 1);
+
+  // encode any delay at the start of the buffer to simplify the encoder callback
+  // this will be skipped the first time around
+  send_wait = this->from_microseconds_(static_cast<uint32_t>(send_wait));
+  while (send_wait > 0) {
+    int32_t duration = std::min(send_wait, uint32_t(RMT_SYMBOL_DURATION_MAX));
+    this->rmt_temp_.push_back({
+        .duration = static_cast<uint16_t>(duration),
+        .level = static_cast<uint16_t>(this->eot_level_),
+    });
+    send_wait -= duration;
+  }
+
+  // encode data
+  size_t offset = this->rmt_temp_.size();
+  for (int32_t value : this->temp_.get_data()) {
+    bool level = value >= 0;
+    if (!level) {
+      value = -value;
+    }
+    value = this->from_microseconds_(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
+    while (value > 0) {
+      int32_t duration = std::min(value, int32_t(RMT_SYMBOL_DURATION_MAX));
+      this->rmt_temp_.push_back({
+          .duration = static_cast<uint16_t>(duration),
+          .level = static_cast<uint16_t>(level ^ this->inverted_),
+      });
+      value -= duration;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ((this->rmt_temp_.data() == nullptr) || this->rmt_temp_.size() <= offset) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Empty data");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->transmit_trigger_->trigger();
+
+  rmt_transmit_config_t config;
+  memset(&config, 0, sizeof(config));
+  config.flags.eot_level = this->eot_level_;
+  this->store_.times = send_times;
+  this->store_.index = offset;
+  esp_err_t error = rmt_transmit(this->channel_, this->encoder_, this->rmt_temp_.data(),
+                                 this->rmt_temp_.size() * sizeof(rmt_symbol_half_t), &config);
+  if (error != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "rmt_transmit failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(error));
+    this->status_set_warning();
+  } else {
+    this->status_clear_warning();
+  }
+  error = rmt_tx_wait_all_done(this->channel_, -1);
+  if (error != ESP_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "rmt_tx_wait_all_done failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(error));
+    this->status_set_warning();
+  }
+
+  this->complete_trigger_->trigger();
+}
+#else
 void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t send_wait) {
   if (this->is_failed())
     return;
@@ -151,7 +290,7 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t sen
     val = this->from_microseconds_(static_cast<uint32_t>(val));
 
     do {
-      int32_t item = std::min(val, int32_t(32767));
+      int32_t item = std::min(val, int32_t(RMT_SYMBOL_DURATION_MAX));
       val -= item;
 
       if (rmt_i % 2 == 0) {
@@ -180,7 +319,6 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t sen
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < send_times; i++) {
     rmt_transmit_config_t config;
     memset(&config, 0, sizeof(config));
-    config.loop_count = 0;
     config.flags.eot_level = this->eot_level_;
     esp_err_t error = rmt_transmit(this->channel_, this->encoder_, this->rmt_temp_.data(),
                                    this->rmt_temp_.size() * sizeof(rmt_symbol_word_t), &config);
@@ -200,6 +338,7 @@ void RemoteTransmitterComponent::send_internal(uint32_t send_times, uint32_t sen
   }
   this->complete_trigger_->trigger();
 }
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace remote_transmitter
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.h

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ class RP2040GPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpio::InterruptType type) const override;
 
   uint8_t pin_;
-  bool inverted_;
-  gpio::Flags flags_;
+  bool inverted_{};
+  gpio::Flags flags_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace rp2040

esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.py

@@ -94,6 +94,9 @@ async def rp2040_pin_to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
     cg.add(var.set_pin(num))
-    cg.add(var.set_inverted(config[CONF_INVERTED]))
+    # Only set if true to avoid bloating setup() function
+    # (inverted bit in pin_flags_ bitfield is zero-initialized to false)
+    if config[CONF_INVERTED]:
+        cg.add(var.set_inverted(True))
     cg.add(var.set_flags(pins.gpio_flags_expr(config[CONF_MODE])))
     return var

esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py

@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ ExponentialMovingAverageFilter = sensor_ns.class_(
 )
 ThrottleAverageFilter = sensor_ns.class_("ThrottleAverageFilter", Filter, cg.Component)
 LambdaFilter = sensor_ns.class_("LambdaFilter", Filter)
+StatelessLambdaFilter = sensor_ns.class_("StatelessLambdaFilter", Filter)
 OffsetFilter = sensor_ns.class_("OffsetFilter", Filter)
 MultiplyFilter = sensor_ns.class_("MultiplyFilter", Filter)
 ValueListFilter = sensor_ns.class_("ValueListFilter", Filter)
@@ -573,7 +574,7 @@ async def lambda_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
     lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(
         config, [(float, "x")], return_type=cg.optional.template(float)
     )
-    return cg.new_Pvariable(filter_id, lambda_)
+    return automation.new_lambda_pvariable(filter_id, lambda_, StatelessLambdaFilter)
 
 
 DELTA_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
@@ -878,7 +879,9 @@ async def setup_sensor_core_(var, config):
         cg.add(var.set_unit_of_measurement(unit_of_measurement))
     if (accuracy_decimals := config.get(CONF_ACCURACY_DECIMALS)) is not None:
         cg.add(var.set_accuracy_decimals(accuracy_decimals))
-    cg.add(var.set_force_update(config[CONF_FORCE_UPDATE]))
+    # Only set force_update if True (default is False)
+    if config[CONF_FORCE_UPDATE]:
+        cg.add(var.set_force_update(True))
     if config.get(CONF_FILTERS):  # must exist and not be empty
         filters = await build_filters(config[CONF_FILTERS])
         cg.add(var.set_filters(filters))

esphome/components/sensor/filter.h

@@ -296,6 +296,21 @@ class LambdaFilter : public Filter {
   lambda_filter_t lambda_filter_;
 };
 
+/** Optimized lambda filter for stateless lambdas (no capture).
+ *
+ * Uses function pointer instead of std::function to reduce memory overhead.
+ * Memory: 4 bytes (function pointer on 32-bit) vs 32 bytes (std::function).
+ */
+class StatelessLambdaFilter : public Filter {
+ public:
+  explicit StatelessLambdaFilter(optional<float> (*lambda_filter)(float)) : lambda_filter_(lambda_filter) {}
+
+  optional<float> new_value(float value) override { return this->lambda_filter_(value); }
+
+ protected:
+  optional<float> (*lambda_filter_)(float);
+};
+
 /// A simple filter that adds `offset` to each value it receives.
 class OffsetFilter : public Filter {
  public:

esphome/components/sntp/sntp_component.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void SNTPComponent::setup() {
   esp_sntp_setoperatingmode(ESP_SNTP_OPMODE_POLL);
   size_t i = 0;
   for (auto &server : this->servers_) {
-    esp_sntp_setservername(i++, server.c_str());
+    esp_sntp_setservername(i++, server);
   }
   esp_sntp_set_sync_interval(this->get_update_interval());
   esp_sntp_set_time_sync_notification_cb([](struct timeval *tv) {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void SNTPComponent::setup() {
 
   size_t i = 0;
   for (auto &server : this->servers_) {
-    sntp_setservername(i++, server.c_str());
+    sntp_setservername(i++, server);
   }
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ void SNTPComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "SNTP Time:");
   size_t i = 0;
   for (auto &server : this->servers_) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Server %zu: '%s'", i++, server.c_str());
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Server %zu: '%s'", i++, server);
   }
 }
 void SNTPComponent::update() {

esphome/components/sntp/sntp_component.h

@@ -2,10 +2,14 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
+#include <array>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace sntp {
 
+// Server count is calculated at compile time by Python codegen
+// SNTP_SERVER_COUNT will always be defined
+
 /// The SNTP component allows you to configure local timekeeping via Simple Network Time Protocol.
 ///
 /// \note
@@ -14,10 +18,7 @@ namespace sntp {
 /// \see https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/TZ-Variable.html
 class SNTPComponent : public time::RealTimeClock {
  public:
-  SNTPComponent(const std::vector<std::string> &servers) : servers_(servers) {}
-
-  // Note: set_servers() has been removed and replaced by a constructor - calling set_servers after setup would
-  // have had no effect anyway, and making the strings immutable avoids the need to strdup their contents.
+  SNTPComponent(const std::array<const char *, SNTP_SERVER_COUNT> &servers) : servers_(servers) {}
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -29,7 +30,10 @@ class SNTPComponent : public time::RealTimeClock {
   void time_synced();
 
  protected:
-  std::vector<std::string> servers_;
+  // Store const char pointers to string literals
+  // ESP8266: strings in rodata (RAM), but avoids std::string overhead (~24 bytes each)
+  // Other platforms: strings in flash
+  std::array<const char *, SNTP_SERVER_COUNT> servers_;
   bool has_time_{false};
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32)

esphome/components/sntp/time.py

@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 async def to_code(config):
     servers = config[CONF_SERVERS]
+
+    # Define server count at compile time
+    cg.add_define("SNTP_SERVER_COUNT", len(servers))
+
+    # Pass string literals to constructor - stored in flash/rodata by compiler
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], servers)
 
     await cg.register_component(var, config)

esphome/components/substitutions/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import logging
+from re import Match
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import core
 from esphome.config_helpers import Extend, Remove, merge_config, merge_dicts_ordered
@@ -39,7 +41,34 @@ async def to_code(config):
     pass
 
 
-def _expand_jinja(value, orig_value, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
+def _restore_data_base(value: Any, orig_value: ESPHomeDataBase) -> ESPHomeDataBase:
+    """This function restores ESPHomeDataBase metadata held by the original string.
+    This is needed because during jinja evaluation, strings can be replaced by other types,
+    but we want to keep the original metadata for error reporting and source mapping.
+    For example, if a substitution replaces a string with a dictionary, we want that items
+    in the dictionary to still point to the original document location
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, ESPHomeDataBase):
+        return value
+    if isinstance(value, dict):
+        return {
+            _restore_data_base(k, orig_value): _restore_data_base(v, orig_value)
+            for k, v in value.items()
+        }
+    if isinstance(value, list):
+        return [_restore_data_base(v, orig_value) for v in value]
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        return make_data_base(value, orig_value)
+    return value
+
+
+def _expand_jinja(
+    value: str | JinjaStr,
+    orig_value: str | JinjaStr,
+    path,
+    jinja: Jinja,
+    ignore_missing: bool,
+) -> Any:
     if has_jinja(value):
         # If the original value passed in to this function is a JinjaStr, it means it contains an unresolved
         # Jinja expression from a previous pass.
@@ -65,10 +94,17 @@ def _expand_jinja(value, orig_value, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
                 f"\nSee {'->'.join(str(x) for x in path)}",
                 path,
             )
+        # If the original, unexpanded string, contained document metadata (ESPHomeDatabase),
+        # assign this same document metadata to the resulting value.
+        if isinstance(orig_value, ESPHomeDataBase):
+            value = _restore_data_base(value, orig_value)
+
     return value
 
 
-def _expand_substitutions(substitutions, value, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
+def _expand_substitutions(
+    substitutions: dict, value: str, path, jinja: Jinja, ignore_missing: bool
+) -> Any:
     if "$" not in value:
         return value
 
@@ -76,14 +112,14 @@ def _expand_substitutions(substitutions, value, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
 
     i = 0
     while True:
-        m = cv.VARIABLE_PROG.search(value, i)
+        m: Match[str] = cv.VARIABLE_PROG.search(value, i)
         if not m:
             # No more variable substitutions found. See if the remainder looks like a jinja template
             value = _expand_jinja(value, orig_value, path, jinja, ignore_missing)
             break
 
         i, j = m.span(0)
-        name = m.group(1)
+        name: str = m.group(1)
         if name.startswith("{") and name.endswith("}"):
             name = name[1:-1]
         if name not in substitutions:
@@ -98,7 +134,7 @@ def _expand_substitutions(substitutions, value, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
             i = j
             continue
 
-        sub = substitutions[name]
+        sub: Any = substitutions[name]
 
         if i == 0 and j == len(value):
             # The variable spans the whole expression, e.g., "${varName}". Return its resolved value directly
@@ -121,7 +157,13 @@ def _expand_substitutions(substitutions, value, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
     return value
 
 
-def _substitute_item(substitutions, item, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
+def _substitute_item(
+    substitutions: dict,
+    item: Any,
+    path: list[int | str],
+    jinja: Jinja,
+    ignore_missing: bool,
+) -> Any | None:
     if isinstance(item, ESPLiteralValue):
         return None  # do not substitute inside literal blocks
     if isinstance(item, list):
@@ -160,7 +202,9 @@ def _substitute_item(substitutions, item, path, jinja, ignore_missing):
     return None
 
 
-def do_substitution_pass(config, command_line_substitutions, ignore_missing=False):
+def do_substitution_pass(
+    config: dict, command_line_substitutions: dict, ignore_missing: bool = False
+) -> None:
     if CONF_SUBSTITUTIONS not in config and not command_line_substitutions:
         return
 

esphome/components/substitutions/jinja.py

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 from ast import literal_eval
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from itertools import chain, islice
 import logging
 import math
 import re
+from types import GeneratorType
+from typing import Any
 
 import jinja2 as jinja
-from jinja2.sandbox import SandboxedEnvironment
+from jinja2.nativetypes import NativeCodeGenerator, NativeTemplate
 
 from esphome.yaml_util import ESPLiteralValue
 
@@ -24,7 +28,7 @@ detect_jinja_re = re.compile(
 )
 
 
-def has_jinja(st):
+def has_jinja(st: str) -> bool:
     return detect_jinja_re.search(st) is not None
 
 
@@ -109,12 +113,56 @@ class TrackerContext(jinja.runtime.Context):
         return val
 
 
-class Jinja(SandboxedEnvironment):
+def _concat_nodes_override(values: Iterator[Any]) -> Any:
+    """
+    This function customizes how Jinja preserves native types when concatenating
+    multiple result nodes together. If the result is a single node, its value
+    is returned. Otherwise, the nodes are concatenated as strings. If
+    the result can be parsed with `ast.literal_eval`, the parsed
+    value is returned. Otherwise, the string is returned.
+    This helps preserve metadata such as ESPHomeDataBase from original values
+    and mimicks how HomeAssistant deals with template evaluation and preserving
+    the original datatype.
+    """
+    head: list[Any] = list(islice(values, 2))
+
+    if not head:
+        return None
+
+    if len(head) == 1:
+        raw = head[0]
+        if not isinstance(raw, str):
+            return raw
+    else:
+        if isinstance(values, GeneratorType):
+            values = chain(head, values)
+        raw = "".join([str(v) for v in values])
+
+    try:
+        # Attempt to parse the concatenated string into a Python literal.
+        # This allows expressions like "1 + 2" to be evaluated to the integer 3.
+        # If the result is also a string or there is a parsing error,
+        # fall back to returning the raw string. This is consistent with
+        #  Home Assistant's behavior when evaluating templates
+        result = literal_eval(raw)
+        if not isinstance(result, str):
+            return result
+
+    except (ValueError, SyntaxError, MemoryError, TypeError):
+        pass
+    return raw
+
+
+class Jinja(jinja.Environment):
     """
     Wraps a Jinja environment
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, context_vars):
+    # jinja environment customization overrides
+    code_generator_class = NativeCodeGenerator
+    concat = staticmethod(_concat_nodes_override)
+
+    def __init__(self, context_vars: dict):
         super().__init__(
             trim_blocks=True,
             lstrip_blocks=True,
@@ -142,19 +190,10 @@ class Jinja(SandboxedEnvironment):
             **SAFE_GLOBALS,
         }
 
-    def safe_eval(self, expr):
-        try:
-            result = literal_eval(expr)
-            if not isinstance(result, str):
-                return result
-        except (ValueError, SyntaxError, MemoryError, TypeError):
-            pass
-        return expr
-
-    def expand(self, content_str):
+    def expand(self, content_str: str | JinjaStr) -> Any:
         """
         Renders a string that may contain Jinja expressions or statements
-        Returns the resulting processed string if all values could be resolved.
+        Returns the resulting value if all variables and expressions could be resolved.
         Otherwise, it returns a tagged (JinjaStr) string that captures variables
         in scope (upvalues), like a closure for later evaluation.
         """
@@ -172,7 +211,7 @@ class Jinja(SandboxedEnvironment):
         self.context_trace = {}
         try:
             template = self.from_string(content_str)
-            result = self.safe_eval(template.render(override_vars))
+            result = template.render(override_vars)
             if isinstance(result, Undefined):
                 print("" + result)  # force a UndefinedError exception
         except (TemplateSyntaxError, UndefinedError) as err:
@@ -201,3 +240,10 @@ class Jinja(SandboxedEnvironment):
             content_str.result = result
 
         return result, None
+
+
+class JinjaTemplate(NativeTemplate):
+    environment_class = Jinja
+
+
+Jinja.template_class = JinjaTemplate

esphome/components/template/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -38,8 +38,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
         condition = await automation.build_condition(
             condition, cg.TemplateArguments(), []
         )
+        # Generate a stateless lambda that calls condition.check()
+        # capture="" is safe because condition is a global variable in generated C++ code
+        # and doesn't need to be captured. This allows implicit conversion to function pointer.
         template_ = LambdaExpression(
-            f"return {condition.check()};", [], return_type=cg.optional.template(bool)
+            f"return {condition.check()};",
+            [],
+            return_type=cg.optional.template(bool),
+            capture="",
         )
         cg.add(var.set_template(template_))
 

esphome/components/template/binary_sensor/template_binary_sensor.cpp

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ static const char *const TAG = "template.binary_sensor";
 void TemplateBinarySensor::setup() { this->loop(); }
 
 void TemplateBinarySensor::loop() {
-  if (this->f_ == nullptr)
+  if (!this->f_.has_value())
     return;
 
-  auto s = this->f_();
+  auto s = (*this->f_)();
   if (s.has_value()) {
     this->publish_state(*s);
   }

esphome/components/template/binary_sensor/template_binary_sensor.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace template_ {
 
 class TemplateBinarySensor : public Component, public binary_sensor::BinarySensor {
  public:
-  void set_template(std::function<optional<bool>()> &&f) { this->f_ = f; }
+  void set_template(optional<bool> (*f)()) { this->f_ = f; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class TemplateBinarySensor : public Component, public binary_sensor::BinarySenso
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
  protected:
-  std::function<optional<bool>()> f_{nullptr};
+  optional<optional<bool> (*)()> f_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace template_

esphome/components/template/cover/template_cover.cpp

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ void TemplateCover::loop() {
 }
 void TemplateCover::set_optimistic(bool optimistic) { this->optimistic_ = optimistic; }
 void TemplateCover::set_assumed_state(bool assumed_state) { this->assumed_state_ = assumed_state; }
-void TemplateCover::set_state_lambda(std::function<optional<float>()> &&f) { this->state_f_ = f; }
+void TemplateCover::set_state_lambda(optional<float> (*f)()) { this->state_f_ = f; }
 float TemplateCover::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 Trigger<> *TemplateCover::get_open_trigger() const { return this->open_trigger_; }
 Trigger<> *TemplateCover::get_close_trigger() const { return this->close_trigger_; }
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ CoverTraits TemplateCover::get_traits() {
 }
 Trigger<float> *TemplateCover::get_position_trigger() const { return this->position_trigger_; }
 Trigger<float> *TemplateCover::get_tilt_trigger() const { return this->tilt_trigger_; }
-void TemplateCover::set_tilt_lambda(std::function<optional<float>()> &&tilt_f) { this->tilt_f_ = tilt_f; }
+void TemplateCover::set_tilt_lambda(optional<float> (*tilt_f)()) { this->tilt_f_ = tilt_f; }
 void TemplateCover::set_has_stop(bool has_stop) { this->has_stop_ = has_stop; }
 void TemplateCover::set_has_toggle(bool has_toggle) { this->has_toggle_ = has_toggle; }
 void TemplateCover::set_has_position(bool has_position) { this->has_position_ = has_position; }

esphome/components/template/cover/template_cover.h

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class TemplateCover : public cover::Cover, public Component {
  public:
   TemplateCover();
 
-  void set_state_lambda(std::function<optional<float>()> &&f);
+  void set_state_lambda(optional<float> (*f)());
   Trigger<> *get_open_trigger() const;
   Trigger<> *get_close_trigger() const;
   Trigger<> *get_stop_trigger() const;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class TemplateCover : public cover::Cover, public Component {
   Trigger<float> *get_tilt_trigger() const;
   void set_optimistic(bool optimistic);
   void set_assumed_state(bool assumed_state);
-  void set_tilt_lambda(std::function<optional<float>()> &&tilt_f);
+  void set_tilt_lambda(optional<float> (*tilt_f)());
   void set_has_stop(bool has_stop);
   void set_has_position(bool has_position);
   void set_has_tilt(bool has_tilt);
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ class TemplateCover : public cover::Cover, public Component {
   void stop_prev_trigger_();
 
   TemplateCoverRestoreMode restore_mode_{COVER_RESTORE};
-  optional<std::function<optional<float>()>> state_f_;
-  optional<std::function<optional<float>()>> tilt_f_;
+  optional<optional<float> (*)()> state_f_;
+  optional<optional<float> (*)()> tilt_f_;
   bool assumed_state_{false};
   bool optimistic_{false};
   Trigger<> *open_trigger_;

esphome/components/template/datetime/template_date.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace template_ {
 
 class TemplateDate : public datetime::DateEntity, public PollingComponent {
  public:
-  void set_template(std::function<optional<ESPTime>()> &&f) { this->f_ = f; }
+  void set_template(optional<ESPTime> (*f)()) { this->f_ = f; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void update() override;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class TemplateDate : public datetime::DateEntity, public PollingComponent {
   ESPTime initial_value_{};
   bool restore_value_{false};
   Trigger<ESPTime> *set_trigger_ = new Trigger<ESPTime>();
-  optional<std::function<optional<ESPTime>()>> f_;
+  optional<optional<ESPTime> (*)()> f_;
 
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
 };

esphome/components/template/datetime/template_datetime.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace template_ {
 
 class TemplateDateTime : public datetime::DateTimeEntity, public PollingComponent {
  public:
-  void set_template(std::function<optional<ESPTime>()> &&f) { this->f_ = f; }
+  void set_template(optional<ESPTime> (*f)()) { this->f_ = f; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void update() override;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class TemplateDateTime : public datetime::DateTimeEntity, public PollingComponen
   ESPTime initial_value_{};
   bool restore_value_{false};
   Trigger<ESPTime> *set_trigger_ = new Trigger<ESPTime>();
-  optional<std::function<optional<ESPTime>()>> f_;
+  optional<optional<ESPTime> (*)()> f_;
 
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
 };

esphome/components/template/datetime/template_time.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace template_ {
 
 class TemplateTime : public datetime::TimeEntity, public PollingComponent {
  public:
-  void set_template(std::function<optional<ESPTime>()> &&f) { this->f_ = f; }
+  void set_template(optional<ESPTime> (*f)()) { this->f_ = f; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void update() override;
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class TemplateTime : public datetime::TimeEntity, public PollingComponent {
   ESPTime initial_value_{};
   bool restore_value_{false};
   Trigger<ESPTime> *set_trigger_ = new Trigger<ESPTime>();
-  optional<std::function<optional<ESPTime>()>> f_;
+  optional<optional<ESPTime> (*)()> f_;
 
   ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
 };

esphome/components/template/lock/template_lock.cpp

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ void TemplateLock::open_latch() {
   this->open_trigger_->trigger();
 }
 void TemplateLock::set_optimistic(bool optimistic) { this->optimistic_ = optimistic; }
-void TemplateLock::set_state_lambda(std::function<optional<lock::LockState>()> &&f) { this->f_ = f; }
+void TemplateLock::set_state_lambda(optional<lock::LockState> (*f)()) { this->f_ = f; }
 float TemplateLock::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 Trigger<> *TemplateLock::get_lock_trigger() const { return this->lock_trigger_; }
 Trigger<> *TemplateLock::get_unlock_trigger() const { return this->unlock_trigger_; }