cover

Add integration tests to verify clean_build and clean_all handle
read-only files correctly (e.g., git pack files on Windows).

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 - [ ] Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
 - [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
 - [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
+- [ ] Developer breaking change (an API change that could break external components)
 - [ ] Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests
 - [ ] Other
 

.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ jobs:
               'bugfix',
               'new-feature',
               'breaking-change',
+              'developer-breaking-change',
               'code-quality'
             ];
 
@@ -367,6 +368,7 @@ jobs:
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] Bugfix \(non-breaking change which fixes an issue\)/i, label: 'bugfix' },
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] New feature \(non-breaking change which adds functionality\)/i, label: 'new-feature' },
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] Breaking change \(fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected\)/i, label: 'breaking-change' },
+                { pattern: /- \[x\] Developer breaking change \(an API change that could break external components\)/i, label: 'developer-breaking-change' },
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests/i, label: 'code-quality' }
               ];
 

esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp

@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ bool Alpha3::is_current_response_type_(const uint8_t *response_type) {
 
 void Alpha3::handle_geni_response_(const uint8_t *response, uint16_t length) {
   if (this->response_offset_ >= this->response_length_) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] GENI response begin", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] GENI response begin", this->parent_->address_str());
     if (length < GENI_RESPONSE_HEADER_LENGTH) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response to short", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response too short", this->parent_->address_str());
       return;
     }
     if (response[0] != 36 || response[2] != 248 || response[3] != 231 || response[4] != 10) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response bytes %d %d %d %d %d don't match GENI HEADER", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response bytes %d %d %d %d %d don't match GENI HEADER", this->parent_->address_str(),
                response[0], response[1], response[2], response[3], response[4]);
       return;
     }
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ void Alpha3::handle_geni_response_(const uint8_t *response, uint16_t length) {
   };
 
   if (this->is_current_response_type_(GENI_RESPONSE_TYPE_FLOW_HEAD)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] FLOW HEAD Response", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] FLOW HEAD Response", this->parent_->address_str());
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_FLOW_OFFSET, this->flow_sensor_, 3600.0F);
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_HEAD_OFFSET, this->head_sensor_, .0001F);
   } else if (this->is_current_response_type_(GENI_RESPONSE_TYPE_POWER)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] POWER Response", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] POWER Response", this->parent_->address_str());
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_POWER_OFFSET, this->power_sensor_, 1.0F);
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_CURRENT_OFFSET, this->current_sensor_, 1.0F);
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_MOTOR_SPEED_OFFSET, this->speed_sensor_, 1.0F);
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ void Alpha3::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc
       if (param->open.status == ESP_GATT_OK) {
         this->response_offset_ = 0;
         this->response_length_ = 0;
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] connection open", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] connection open", this->parent_->address_str());
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void Alpha3::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc
     case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
       auto *chr = this->parent_->get_characteristic(ALPHA3_GENI_SERVICE_UUID, ALPHA3_GENI_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
       if (chr == nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No GENI service found at device, not an Alpha3..?", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No GENI service found at device, not an Alpha3..?", this->parent_->address_str());
         break;
       }
       auto status = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_remote_bda(),
@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ void Alpha3::send_request_(uint8_t *request, size_t len) {
       esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->geni_handle_, len,
                                request, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
   if (status)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
 }
 
 void Alpha3::update() {
   if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str());
     return;
   }
 

esphome/components/am43/sensor/am43_sensor.cpp

@@ -44,11 +44,9 @@ void Am43::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_i
       auto *chr = this->parent_->get_characteristic(AM43_SERVICE_UUID, AM43_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
       if (chr == nullptr) {
         if (this->parent_->get_characteristic(AM43_TUYA_SERVICE_UUID, AM43_TUYA_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID) != nullptr) {
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Detected a Tuya AM43 which is not supported, sorry.",
-                   this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Detected a Tuya AM43 which is not supported, sorry.", this->parent_->address_str());
         } else {
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No control service found at device, not an AM43..?",
-                   this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No control service found at device, not an AM43..?", this->parent_->address_str());
         }
         break;
       }
@@ -82,8 +80,7 @@ void Am43::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_i
                                                  this->char_handle_, packet->length, packet->data,
                                                  ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
           if (status) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(),
-                     status);
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
           }
         }
         this->current_sensor_ = 0;
@@ -97,7 +94,7 @@ void Am43::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_i
 
 void Am43::update() {
   if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str());
     return;
   }
   if (this->current_sensor_ == 0) {
@@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ void Am43::update() {
           esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                    packet->length, packet->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
       if (status) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
       }
     }
     this->current_sensor_++;

esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void Anova::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (status) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
     }
   }
   if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value()) {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void Anova::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (status) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -124,8 +124,7 @@ void Anova::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_
               esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                        pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
           if (status) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(),
-                     status);
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
           }
         }
       }
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ void Anova::update() {
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (status) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
     }
     this->current_request_++;
   }

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -51,13 +51,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
       return false;
     if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
       return false;
-    this->execute_(req.args, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
+    this->execute_(req.args, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
     return true;
   }
 
  protected:
   virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
-  template<typename ArgsContainer, int... S> void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, seq<S...> type) {
+  template<typename ArgsContainer, size_t... S>
+  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, std::index_sequence<S...> type) {
     this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 
@@ -95,13 +96,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceDynamic : public UserServiceDescriptor
       return false;
     if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
       return false;
-    this->execute_(req.args, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
+    this->execute_(req.args, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
     return true;
   }
 
  protected:
   virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
-  template<typename ArgsContainer, int... S> void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, seq<S...> type) {
+  template<typename ArgsContainer, size_t... S>
+  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, std::index_sequence<S...> type) {
     this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 

esphome/components/ble_client/automation.h

@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
         }
         this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
         esph_log_d(Automation::TAG, "Found characteristic %s on device %s", this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
-                   ble_client_->address_str().c_str());
+                   ble_client_->address_str());
         break;
       }
       default:

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void BLEClient::set_enabled(bool enabled) {
     return;
   this->enabled = enabled;
   if (!enabled) {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Disabling BLE client.", this->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Disabling BLE client.", this->address_str());
     this->disconnect();
   }
 }

esphome/components/ble_client/output/ble_binary_output.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ void BLEBinaryOutput::dump_config() {
                 "  MAC address        : %s\n"
                 "  Service UUID       : %s\n"
                 "  Characteristic UUID: %s",
-                this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
+                this->parent_->address_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
                 this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str());
   LOG_BINARY_OUTPUT(this);
 }
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void BLEBinaryOutput::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_i
       }
       this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found characteristic %s on device %s", this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
-               this->parent()->address_str().c_str());
+               this->parent()->address_str());
       this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
       break;
     }

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ void BLEClientRSSISensor::loop() {
 
 void BLEClientRSSISensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "BLE Client RSSI Sensor", this);
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  MAC address        : %s", this->parent()->address_str().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  MAC address        : %s", this->parent()->address_str());
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ void BLEClientRSSISensor::update() {
   this->get_rssi_();
 }
 void BLEClientRSSISensor::get_rssi_() {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "requesting rssi from %s", this->parent()->address_str().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "requesting rssi from %s", this->parent()->address_str());
   auto status = esp_ble_gap_read_rssi(this->parent()->get_remote_bda());
   if (status != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_read_rssi error, address=%s, status=%d", this->parent()->address_str().c_str(), status);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_read_rssi error, address=%s, status=%d", this->parent()->address_str(), status);
     this->status_set_warning();
     this->publish_state(NAN);
   }

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_sensor.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void BLESensor::dump_config() {
                 "  Characteristic UUID: %s\n"
                 "  Descriptor UUID    : %s\n"
                 "  Notifications      : %s",
-                this->parent()->address_str().c_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
+                this->parent()->address_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
                 this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), this->descr_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), YESNO(this->notify_));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }

esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/ble_text_sensor.cpp

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ void BLETextSensor::dump_config() {
                 "  Characteristic UUID: %s\n"
                 "  Descriptor UUID    : %s\n"
                 "  Notifications      : %s",
-                this->parent()->address_str().c_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
+                this->parent()->address_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
                 this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), this->descr_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), YESNO(this->notify_));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp

@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
 
     if (service_status != ESP_GATT_OK || service_count == 0) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_get_service %s, status=%d, service_count=%d, offset=%d",
-               this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(),
-               service_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? "error" : "missing", service_status, service_count, this->send_service_);
+               this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), service_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? "error" : "missing",
+               service_status, service_count, this->send_service_);
       this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
       return;
     }
@@ -312,13 +312,13 @@ void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
       if (resp.services.size() > 1) {
         resp.services.pop_back();
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d would exceed limit (current: %d + service: %d > %d), sending current batch",
-                 this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(), this->send_service_, current_size, service_size,
+                 this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), this->send_service_, current_size, service_size,
                  MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
         // Don't increment send_service_ - we'll retry this service in next batch
       } else {
         // This single service is too large, but we have to send it anyway
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d is too large (%d bytes) but sending anyway", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str().c_str(), this->send_service_, service_size);
+                 this->address_str(), this->send_service_, service_size);
         // Increment so we don't get stuck
         this->send_service_++;
       }
@@ -337,21 +337,20 @@ void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
 }
 
 void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_error_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(), operation,
-           status);
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), operation, status);
 }
 
 void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(), operation, err);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), operation, err);
 }
 
 void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_not_connected_(const char *action, const char *type) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected.", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(),
-           action, type);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected.", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), action,
+           type);
 }
 
 void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error %s for handle 0x%2X, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(),
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error %s for handle 0x%2X, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(),
            operation, handle, status);
 }
 
@@ -372,14 +371,14 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
     case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT: {
       // Don't reset connection yet - wait for CLOSE_EVT to ensure controller has freed resources
       // This prevents race condition where we mark slot as free before controller cleanup is complete
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect, reason=0x%02x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect, reason=0x%02x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                param->disconnect.reason);
       // Send disconnection notification but don't free the slot yet
       this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, false, 0, param->disconnect.reason);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_CLOSE_EVT: {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Close, reason=0x%02x, freeing slot", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Close, reason=0x%02x, freeing slot", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                param->close.reason);
       // Now the GATT connection is fully closed and controller resources are freed
       // Safe to mark the connection slot as available
@@ -463,7 +462,7 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                param->notify.handle);
       api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse resp;
       resp.address = this->address_;
@@ -502,8 +501,7 @@ esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
     return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           handle);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
 
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_read_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
   return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char", err);
@@ -515,8 +513,7 @@ esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8
     this->log_gatt_not_connected_("write", "characteristic");
     return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
   }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           handle);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
 
   // ESP-IDF's API requires a non-const uint8_t* but it doesn't modify the data
   // The BTC layer immediately copies the data to its own buffer (see btc_gattc.c)
@@ -532,8 +529,7 @@ esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
     this->log_gatt_not_connected_("read", "descriptor");
     return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
   }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           handle);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
 
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
   return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr", err);
@@ -544,8 +540,7 @@ esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *
     this->log_gatt_not_connected_("write", "descriptor");
     return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
   }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           handle);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
 
   // ESP-IDF's API requires a non-const uint8_t* but it doesn't modify the data
   // The BTC layer immediately copies the data to its own buffer (see btc_gattc.c)
@@ -564,13 +559,13 @@ esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enabl
 
   if (enable) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Registering for GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_.c_str(), handle);
+             this->address_str_, handle);
     esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle);
     return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify", err);
   }
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Unregistering for GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_,
-           this->address_str_.c_str(), handle);
+           this->address_str_, handle);
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle);
   return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify", err);
 }

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp

@@ -47,12 +47,11 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerSta
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, espbt::ClientState state) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection request ignored, state: %s", connection->get_connection_index(),
-           connection->address_str().c_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(state));
+           connection->address_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(state));
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_info_(BluetoothConnection *connection, const char *message) {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connecting %s", connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str().c_str(),
-           message);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connecting %s", connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str(), message);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_not_connected_gatt_(const char *action, const char *type) {
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest
       }
       if (!msg.has_address_type) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Missing address type in connect request", connection->get_connection_index(),
-                 connection->address_str().c_str());
+                 connection->address_str());
         this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
         return;
       }
@@ -199,7 +198,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest
       } else if (connection->state() == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING) {
         if (connection->disconnect_pending()) {
           ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection request while pending disconnect, cancelling pending disconnect",
-                   connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str().c_str());
+                   connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str());
           connection->cancel_pending_disconnect();
           return;
         }
@@ -339,7 +338,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_send_services(const api::BluetoothGATTGetSer
     return;
   }
   if (!connection->service_count_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] No GATT services found", connection->connection_index_, connection->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] No GATT services found", connection->connection_index_, connection->address_str());
     this->send_gatt_services_done(msg.address);
     return;
   }

esphome/components/display/display.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace display {
-
 static const char *const TAG = "display";
 
 const Color COLOR_OFF(0, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ const Color COLOR_ON(255, 255, 255, 255);
 void Display::fill(Color color) { this->filled_rectangle(0, 0, this->get_width(), this->get_height(), color); }
 void Display::clear() { this->fill(COLOR_OFF); }
 void Display::set_rotation(DisplayRotation rotation) { this->rotation_ = rotation; }
+
 void HOT Display::line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, Color color) {
   const int32_t dx = abs(x2 - x1), sx = x1 < x2 ? 1 : -1;
   const int32_t dy = -abs(y2 - y1), sy = y1 < y2 ? 1 : -1;
@@ -91,23 +91,27 @@ void HOT Display::horizontal_line(int x, int y, int width, Color color) {
   for (int i = x; i < x + width; i++)
     this->draw_pixel_at(i, y, color);
 }
+
 void HOT Display::vertical_line(int x, int y, int height, Color color) {
   // Future: Could be made more efficient by manipulating buffer directly in certain rotations.
   for (int i = y; i < y + height; i++)
     this->draw_pixel_at(x, i, color);
 }
+
 void Display::rectangle(int x1, int y1, int width, int height, Color color) {
   this->horizontal_line(x1, y1, width, color);
   this->horizontal_line(x1, y1 + height - 1, width, color);
   this->vertical_line(x1, y1, height, color);
   this->vertical_line(x1 + width - 1, y1, height, color);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_rectangle(int x1, int y1, int width, int height, Color color) {
   // Future: Use vertical_line and horizontal_line methods depending on rotation to reduce memory accesses.
   for (int i = y1; i < y1 + height; i++) {
     this->horizontal_line(x1, i, width, color);
   }
 }
+
 void HOT Display::circle(int center_x, int center_xy, int radius, Color color) {
   int dx = -radius;
   int dy = 0;
@@ -131,6 +135,7 @@ void HOT Display::circle(int center_x, int center_xy, int radius, Color color) {
     }
   } while (dx <= 0);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_circle(int center_x, int center_y, int radius, Color color) {
   int dx = -int32_t(radius);
   int dy = 0;
@@ -157,6 +162,7 @@ void Display::filled_circle(int center_x, int center_y, int radius, Color color)
     }
   } while (dx <= 0);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_ring(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2, Color color) {
   int rmax = radius1 > radius2 ? radius1 : radius2;
   int rmin = radius1 < radius2 ? radius1 : radius2;
@@ -213,6 +219,7 @@ void Display::filled_ring(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
     }
   } while (dxmax <= 0);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2, int progress, Color color) {
   int rmax = radius1 > radius2 ? radius1 : radius2;
   int rmin = radius1 < radius2 ? radius1 : radius2;
@@ -228,7 +235,8 @@ void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
     // outer dots
     this->draw_pixel_at(center_x + dxmax, center_y - dymax, color);
     this->draw_pixel_at(center_x - dxmax, center_y - dymax, color);
-    if (dymin < rmin) {  // side parts
+    if (dymin < rmin) {
+      // side parts
       int lhline_width = -(dxmax - dxmin) + 1;
       if (progress >= 50) {
         if (float(dymax) < float(-dxmax) * tan_a) {
@@ -239,7 +247,8 @@ void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
         this->horizontal_line(center_x + dxmax, center_y - dymax, lhline_width, color);  // left
         if (!dymax)
           this->horizontal_line(center_x - dxmin, center_y, lhline_width, color);  // right horizontal border
-        if (upd_dxmax > -dxmin) {                                                  // right
+        if (upd_dxmax > -dxmin) {
+          // right
           int rhline_width = (upd_dxmax + dxmin) + 1;
           this->horizontal_line(center_x - dxmin, center_y - dymax,
                                 rhline_width > lhline_width ? lhline_width : rhline_width, color);
@@ -256,7 +265,8 @@ void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
         if (lhline_width > 0)
           this->horizontal_line(center_x + dxmax, center_y - dymax, lhline_width, color);
       }
-    } else {  // top part
+    } else {
+      // top part
       int hline_width = 2 * (-dxmax) + 1;
       if (progress >= 50) {
         if (dymax < float(-dxmax) * tan_a) {
@@ -300,11 +310,13 @@ void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
     }
   } while (dxmax <= 0);
 }
+
 void HOT Display::triangle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, Color color) {
   this->line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
   this->line(x1, y1, x3, y3, color);
   this->line(x2, y2, x3, y3, color);
 }
+
 void Display::sort_triangle_points_by_y_(int *x1, int *y1, int *x2, int *y2, int *x3, int *y3) {
   if (*y1 > *y2) {
     int x_temp = *x1, y_temp = *y1;
@@ -322,6 +334,7 @@ void Display::sort_triangle_points_by_y_(int *x1, int *y1, int *x2, int *y2, int
     *x3 = x_temp, *y3 = y_temp;
   }
 }
+
 void Display::filled_flat_side_triangle_(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, Color color) {
   // y2 must be equal to y3 (same horizontal line)
 
@@ -333,7 +346,8 @@ void Display::filled_flat_side_triangle_(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3,
   int s1_dy = abs(y2 - y1);
   int s1_sign_x = ((x2 - x1) >= 0) ? 1 : -1;
   int s1_sign_y = ((y2 - y1) >= 0) ? 1 : -1;
-  if (s1_dy > s1_dx) {  // swap values
+  if (s1_dy > s1_dx) {
+    // swap values
     int tmp = s1_dx;
     s1_dx = s1_dy;
     s1_dy = tmp;
@@ -349,7 +363,8 @@ void Display::filled_flat_side_triangle_(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3,
   int s2_dy = abs(y3 - y1);
   int s2_sign_x = ((x3 - x1) >= 0) ? 1 : -1;
   int s2_sign_y = ((y3 - y1) >= 0) ? 1 : -1;
-  if (s2_dy > s2_dx) {  // swap values
+  if (s2_dy > s2_dx) {
+    // swap values
     int tmp = s2_dx;
     s2_dx = s2_dy;
     s2_dy = tmp;
@@ -402,20 +417,25 @@ void Display::filled_flat_side_triangle_(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3,
     }
   }
 }
+
 void Display::filled_triangle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, Color color) {
   // Sort the three points by y-coordinate ascending, so [x1,y1] is the topmost point
   this->sort_triangle_points_by_y_(&x1, &y1, &x2, &y2, &x3, &y3);
 
-  if (y2 == y3) {  // Check for special case of a bottom-flat triangle
+  if (y2 == y3) {
+    // Check for special case of a bottom-flat triangle
     this->filled_flat_side_triangle_(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, color);
-  } else if (y1 == y2) {  // Check for special case of a top-flat triangle
+  } else if (y1 == y2) {
+    // Check for special case of a top-flat triangle
     this->filled_flat_side_triangle_(x3, y3, x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
-  } else {  // General case: split the no-flat-side triangle in a top-flat triangle and bottom-flat triangle
+  } else {
+    // General case: split the no-flat-side triangle in a top-flat triangle and bottom-flat triangle
     int x_temp = (int) (x1 + ((float) (y2 - y1) / (float) (y3 - y1)) * (x3 - x1)), y_temp = y2;
     this->filled_flat_side_triangle_(x1, y1, x2, y2, x_temp, y_temp, color);
     this->filled_flat_side_triangle_(x3, y3, x2, y2, x_temp, y_temp, color);
   }
 }
+
 void HOT Display::get_regular_polygon_vertex(int vertex_id, int *vertex_x, int *vertex_y, int center_x, int center_y,
                                              int radius, int edges, RegularPolygonVariation variation,
                                              float rotation_degrees) {
@@ -447,7 +467,8 @@ void HOT Display::regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, RegularPo
       int current_vertex_x, current_vertex_y;
       get_regular_polygon_vertex(current_vertex_id, &current_vertex_x, &current_vertex_y, x, y, radius, edges,
                                  variation, rotation_degrees);
-      if (current_vertex_id > 0) {  // Start drawing after the 2nd vertex coordinates has been calculated
+      if (current_vertex_id > 0) {
+        // Start drawing after the 2nd vertex coordinates has been calculated
         if (drawing == DRAWING_FILLED) {
           this->filled_triangle(x, y, previous_vertex_x, previous_vertex_y, current_vertex_x, current_vertex_y, color);
         } else if (drawing == DRAWING_OUTLINE) {
@@ -459,21 +480,26 @@ void HOT Display::regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, RegularPo
     }
   }
 }
+
 void HOT Display::regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, RegularPolygonVariation variation, Color color,
                                   RegularPolygonDrawing drawing) {
   regular_polygon(x, y, radius, edges, variation, ROTATION_0_DEGREES, color, drawing);
 }
+
 void HOT Display::regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, Color color, RegularPolygonDrawing drawing) {
   regular_polygon(x, y, radius, edges, VARIATION_POINTY_TOP, ROTATION_0_DEGREES, color, drawing);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, RegularPolygonVariation variation,
                                      float rotation_degrees, Color color) {
   regular_polygon(x, y, radius, edges, variation, rotation_degrees, color, DRAWING_FILLED);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, RegularPolygonVariation variation,
                                      Color color) {
   regular_polygon(x, y, radius, edges, variation, ROTATION_0_DEGREES, color, DRAWING_FILLED);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, Color color) {
   regular_polygon(x, y, radius, edges, VARIATION_POINTY_TOP, ROTATION_0_DEGREES, color, DRAWING_FILLED);
 }
@@ -584,15 +610,19 @@ void Display::get_text_bounds(int x, int y, const char *text, BaseFont *font, Te
       break;
   }
 }
+
 void Display::print(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, const char *text, Color background) {
   this->print(x, y, font, color, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, text, background);
 }
+
 void Display::print(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, TextAlign align, const char *text) {
   this->print(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, align, text);
 }
+
 void Display::print(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, const char *text) {
   this->print(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, text);
 }
+
 void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, Color background, TextAlign align, const char *format,
                      ...) {
   va_list arg;
@@ -600,31 +630,37 @@ void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, Color background
   this->vprintf_(x, y, font, color, background, align, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
 }
+
 void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, TextAlign align, const char *format, ...) {
   va_list arg;
   va_start(arg, format);
   this->vprintf_(x, y, font, color, COLOR_OFF, align, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
 }
+
 void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, const char *format, ...) {
   va_list arg;
   va_start(arg, format);
   this->vprintf_(x, y, font, color, COLOR_OFF, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
 }
+
 void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, TextAlign align, const char *format, ...) {
   va_list arg;
   va_start(arg, format);
   this->vprintf_(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, COLOR_OFF, align, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
 }
+
 void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, const char *format, ...) {
   va_list arg;
   va_start(arg, format);
   this->vprintf_(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, COLOR_OFF, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
 }
+
 void Display::set_writer(display_writer_t &&writer) { this->writer_ = writer; }
+
 void Display::set_pages(std::vector<DisplayPage *> pages) {
   for (auto *page : pages)
     page->set_parent(this);
@@ -637,6 +673,7 @@ void Display::set_pages(std::vector<DisplayPage *> pages) {
   pages[pages.size() - 1]->set_next(pages[0]);
   this->show_page(pages[0]);
 }
+
 void Display::show_page(DisplayPage *page) {
   this->previous_page_ = this->page_;
   this->page_ = page;
@@ -645,8 +682,10 @@ void Display::show_page(DisplayPage *page) {
       t->process(this->previous_page_, this->page_);
   }
 }
+
 void Display::show_next_page() { this->page_->show_next(); }
 void Display::show_prev_page() { this->page_->show_prev(); }
+
 void Display::do_update_() {
   if (this->auto_clear_enabled_) {
     this->clear();
@@ -660,10 +699,12 @@ void Display::do_update_() {
   }
   this->clear_clipping_();
 }
+
 void DisplayOnPageChangeTrigger::process(DisplayPage *from, DisplayPage *to) {
   if ((this->from_ == nullptr || this->from_ == from) && (this->to_ == nullptr || this->to_ == to))
     this->trigger(from, to);
 }
+
 void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, Color background, TextAlign align, const char *format,
                        ESPTime time) {
   char buffer[64];
@@ -671,15 +712,19 @@ void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, Color backgrou
   if (ret > 0)
     this->print(x, y, font, color, align, buffer, background);
 }
+
 void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, TextAlign align, const char *format, ESPTime time) {
   this->strftime(x, y, font, color, COLOR_OFF, align, format, time);
 }
+
 void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, const char *format, ESPTime time) {
   this->strftime(x, y, font, color, COLOR_OFF, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, format, time);
 }
+
 void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, TextAlign align, const char *format, ESPTime time) {
   this->strftime(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, COLOR_OFF, align, format, time);
 }
+
 void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, const char *format, ESPTime time) {
   this->strftime(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, COLOR_OFF, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, format, time);
 }
@@ -691,6 +736,7 @@ void Display::start_clipping(Rect rect) {
   }
   this->clipping_rectangle_.push_back(rect);
 }
+
 void Display::end_clipping() {
   if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "clear: Clipping is not set.");
@@ -698,6 +744,7 @@ void Display::end_clipping() {
     this->clipping_rectangle_.pop_back();
   }
 }
+
 void Display::extend_clipping(Rect add_rect) {
   if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "add: Clipping is not set.");
@@ -705,6 +752,7 @@ void Display::extend_clipping(Rect add_rect) {
     this->clipping_rectangle_.back().extend(add_rect);
   }
 }
+
 void Display::shrink_clipping(Rect add_rect) {
   if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "add: Clipping is not set.");
@@ -712,6 +760,7 @@ void Display::shrink_clipping(Rect add_rect) {
     this->clipping_rectangle_.back().shrink(add_rect);
   }
 }
+
 Rect Display::get_clipping() const {
   if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
     return Rect();
@@ -719,7 +768,9 @@ Rect Display::get_clipping() const {
     return this->clipping_rectangle_.back();
   }
 }
+
 void Display::clear_clipping_() { this->clipping_rectangle_.clear(); }
+
 bool Display::clip(int x, int y) {
   if (x < 0 || x >= this->get_width() || y < 0 || y >= this->get_height())
     return false;
@@ -727,6 +778,7 @@ bool Display::clip(int x, int y) {
     return false;
   return true;
 }
+
 bool Display::clamp_x_(int x, int w, int &min_x, int &max_x) {
   min_x = std::max(x, 0);
   max_x = std::min(x + w, this->get_width());
@@ -742,6 +794,7 @@ bool Display::clamp_x_(int x, int w, int &min_x, int &max_x) {
 
   return min_x < max_x;
 }
+
 bool Display::clamp_y_(int y, int h, int &min_y, int &max_y) {
   min_y = std::max(y, 0);
   max_y = std::min(y + h, this->get_height());
@@ -766,15 +819,15 @@ void Display::test_card() {
   int w = get_width(), h = get_height(), image_w, image_h;
   this->clear();
   this->show_test_card_ = false;
+  image_w = std::min(w - 20, 310);
+  image_h = std::min(h - 20, 255);
+  int shift_x = (w - image_w) / 2;
+  int shift_y = (h - image_h) / 2;
+  int line_w = (image_w - 6) / 6;
+  int image_c = image_w / 2;
   if (this->get_display_type() == DISPLAY_TYPE_COLOR) {
     Color r(255, 0, 0), g(0, 255, 0), b(0, 0, 255);
-    image_w = std::min(w - 20, 310);
-    image_h = std::min(h - 20, 255);
 
-    int shift_x = (w - image_w) / 2;
-    int shift_y = (h - image_h) / 2;
-    int line_w = (image_w - 6) / 6;
-    int image_c = image_w / 2;
     for (auto i = 0; i != image_h; i++) {
       int c = esp_scale(i, image_h);
       this->horizontal_line(shift_x + 0, shift_y + i, line_w, r.fade_to_white(c));
@@ -786,26 +839,26 @@ void Display::test_card() {
       this->horizontal_line(shift_x + image_w - (line_w * 2), shift_y + i, line_w, b.fade_to_white(c));
       this->horizontal_line(shift_x + image_w - line_w, shift_y + i, line_w, b.fade_to_black(c));
     }
-    this->rectangle(shift_x, shift_y, image_w, image_h, Color(127, 127, 0));
+  }
+  this->rectangle(shift_x, shift_y, image_w, image_h, Color(127, 127, 0));
 
-    uint16_t shift_r = shift_x + line_w - (8 * 3);
-    uint16_t shift_g = shift_x + image_c - (8 * 3);
-    uint16_t shift_b = shift_x + image_w - line_w - (8 * 3);
-    shift_y = h / 2 - (8 * 3);
-    for (auto i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-      uint8_t ftr = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[0][i]);
-      uint8_t ftg = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[1][i]);
-      uint8_t ftb = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[2][i]);
-      for (auto k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
-        if ((ftr & (1 << k)) != 0) {
-          this->filled_rectangle(shift_r + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
-        }
-        if ((ftg & (1 << k)) != 0) {
-          this->filled_rectangle(shift_g + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
-        }
-        if ((ftb & (1 << k)) != 0) {
-          this->filled_rectangle(shift_b + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
-        }
+  uint16_t shift_r = shift_x + line_w - (8 * 3);
+  uint16_t shift_g = shift_x + image_c - (8 * 3);
+  uint16_t shift_b = shift_x + image_w - line_w - (8 * 3);
+  shift_y = h / 2 - (8 * 3);
+  for (auto i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    uint8_t ftr = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[0][i]);
+    uint8_t ftg = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[1][i]);
+    uint8_t ftb = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[2][i]);
+    for (auto k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
+      if ((ftr & (1 << k)) != 0) {
+        this->filled_rectangle(shift_r + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
+      }
+      if ((ftg & (1 << k)) != 0) {
+        this->filled_rectangle(shift_g + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
+      }
+      if ((ftb & (1 << k)) != 0) {
+        this->filled_rectangle(shift_b + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -818,7 +871,9 @@ void Display::test_card() {
 }
 
 DisplayPage::DisplayPage(display_writer_t writer) : writer_(std::move(writer)) {}
+
 void DisplayPage::show() { this->parent_->show_page(this); }
+
 void DisplayPage::show_next() {
   if (this->next_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "no next page");
@@ -826,6 +881,7 @@ void DisplayPage::show_next() {
   }
   this->next_->show();
 }
+
 void DisplayPage::show_prev() {
   if (this->prev_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "no previous page");
@@ -833,6 +889,7 @@ void DisplayPage::show_prev() {
   }
   this->prev_->show();
 }
+
 void DisplayPage::set_parent(Display *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
 void DisplayPage::set_prev(DisplayPage *prev) { this->prev_ = prev; }
 void DisplayPage::set_next(DisplayPage *next) { this->next_ = next; }
@@ -868,6 +925,5 @@ const LogString *text_align_to_string(TextAlign textalign) {
       return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
   }
 }
-
 }  // namespace display
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ import pkgutil
 from esphome import core, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
+from esphome.components.display import CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD, validate_rotation
 from esphome.components.mipi import flatten_sequence, map_sequence
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.config_validation import update_interval
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BUSY_PIN,
     CONF_CS_PIN,
@@ -13,15 +15,25 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DC_PIN,
     CONF_DIMENSIONS,
     CONF_ENABLE_PIN,
+    CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY,
     CONF_HEIGHT,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE,
     CONF_LAMBDA,
+    CONF_MIRROR_X,
+    CONF_MIRROR_Y,
     CONF_MODEL,
+    CONF_PAGES,
     CONF_RESET_DURATION,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
+    CONF_ROTATION,
+    CONF_SWAP_XY,
+    CONF_TRANSFORM,
+    CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
+from esphome.final_validate import full_config
 
 from . import models
 
@@ -32,8 +44,9 @@ CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE_ID = "init_sequence_id"
 
 epaper_spi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("epaper_spi")
 EPaperBase = epaper_spi_ns.class_(
-    "EPaperBase", cg.PollingComponent, spi.SPIDevice, display.DisplayBuffer
+    "EPaperBase", cg.PollingComponent, spi.SPIDevice, display.Display
 )
+Transform = epaper_spi_ns.enum("Transform")
 
 EPaperSpectraE6 = epaper_spi_ns.class_("EPaperSpectraE6", EPaperBase)
 EPaper7p3InSpectraE6 = epaper_spi_ns.class_("EPaper7p3InSpectraE6", EPaperSpectraE6)
@@ -52,6 +65,8 @@ DIMENSION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     }
 )
 
+TRANSFORM_OPTIONS = {CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y, CONF_SWAP_XY}
+
 
 def model_schema(config):
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
@@ -73,7 +88,18 @@ def model_schema(config):
         )
         .extend(
             {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ROTATION, default=0): validate_rotation,
                 cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(model.name, upper=True),
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default=cv.UNDEFINED
+                ): update_interval,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSFORM): cv.Schema(
+                    {
+                        cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_X): cv.boolean,
+                        cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_Y): cv.boolean,
+                    }
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY, default=1): cv.int_range(1, 255),
                 model.option(CONF_DC_PIN, fallback=None): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
                 cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_name),
                 cv.GenerateID(CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.uint8),
@@ -111,9 +137,29 @@ def customise_schema(config):
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = customise_schema
 
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
-    "epaper_spi", require_miso=False, require_mosi=True
-)
+
+def _final_validate(config):
+    spi.final_validate_device_schema(
+        "epaper_spi", require_miso=False, require_mosi=True
+    )(config)
+
+    global_config = full_config.get()
+    from esphome.components.lvgl import DOMAIN as LVGL_DOMAIN
+
+    if CONF_LAMBDA not in config and CONF_PAGES not in config:
+        if LVGL_DOMAIN in global_config:
+            if CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL not in config:
+                config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] = update_interval("never")
+        else:
+            # If no drawing methods are configured, and LVGL is not enabled, show a test card
+            config[CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD] = True
+            config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] = core.TimePeriod(
+                seconds=60
+            ).total_milliseconds
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
@@ -137,7 +183,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
         init_sequence_length,
     )
 
-    await display.register_display(var, config)
+    # Rotation is handled by setting the transform
+    display_config = {k: v for k, v in config.items() if k != CONF_ROTATION}
+    await display.register_display(var, display_config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
@@ -148,11 +196,35 @@ async def to_code(config):
             config[CONF_LAMBDA], [(display.DisplayRef, "it")], return_type=cg.void
         )
         cg.add(var.set_writer(lambda_))
-    if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
-        reset = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_RESET_PIN])
+    if reset_pin := config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN):
+        reset = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(reset_pin)
         cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(reset))
-    if CONF_BUSY_PIN in config:
-        busy = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_BUSY_PIN])
+    if busy_pin := config.get(CONF_BUSY_PIN):
+        busy = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(busy_pin)
         cg.add(var.set_busy_pin(busy))
+    cg.add(var.set_full_update_every(config[CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY]))
     if CONF_RESET_DURATION in config:
         cg.add(var.set_reset_duration(config[CONF_RESET_DURATION]))
+    if transform := config.get(CONF_TRANSFORM):
+        transform[CONF_SWAP_XY] = False
+    else:
+        transform = {x: model.get_default(x, False) for x in TRANSFORM_OPTIONS}
+    rotation = config[CONF_ROTATION]
+    if rotation == 180:
+        transform[CONF_MIRROR_X] = not transform[CONF_MIRROR_X]
+        transform[CONF_MIRROR_Y] = not transform[CONF_MIRROR_Y]
+    elif rotation == 90:
+        transform[CONF_SWAP_XY] = not transform[CONF_SWAP_XY]
+        transform[CONF_MIRROR_X] = not transform[CONF_MIRROR_X]
+    elif rotation == 270:
+        transform[CONF_SWAP_XY] = not transform[CONF_SWAP_XY]
+        transform[CONF_MIRROR_Y] = not transform[CONF_MIRROR_Y]
+    transform_str = "|".join(
+        {
+            str(getattr(Transform, x.upper()))
+            for x in TRANSFORM_OPTIONS
+            if transform.get(x)
+        }
+    )
+    if transform_str:
+        cg.add(var.set_transform(RawExpression(transform_str)))

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.cpp

@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 static const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi";
 
 static constexpr const char *const EPAPER_STATE_STRINGS[] = {
-    "IDLE",        "UPDATE",     "RESET",         "RESET_END",
-
-    "SHOULD_WAIT", "INITIALISE", "TRANSFER_DATA", "POWER_ON",  "REFRESH_SCREEN", "POWER_OFF", "DEEP_SLEEP",
+    "IDLE",          "UPDATE",   "RESET",          "RESET_END", "SHOULD_WAIT", "INITIALISE",
+    "TRANSFER_DATA", "POWER_ON", "REFRESH_SCREEN", "POWER_OFF", "DEEP_SLEEP",
 };
 
 const char *EPaperBase::epaper_state_to_string_() {
@@ -69,8 +68,8 @@ void EPaperBase::data(uint8_t value) {
 // The command is the first byte, length is the length of data only in the second byte, followed by the data.
 // [COMMAND, LENGTH, DATA...]
 void EPaperBase::cmd_data(uint8_t command, const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) {
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Command: 0x%02X, Length: %d, Data: %s", command, length,
-            format_hex_pretty(ptr, length, '.', false).c_str());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command: 0x%02X, Length: %d, Data: %s", command, length,
+           format_hex_pretty(ptr, length, '.', false).c_str());
 
   this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
   this->enable();
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ bool EPaperBase::is_idle_() const {
   return !this->busy_pin_->digital_read();
 }
 
-bool EPaperBase::reset_() const {
+bool EPaperBase::reset() {
   if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
     if (this->state_ == EPaperState::RESET) {
       this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
@@ -105,16 +104,16 @@ void EPaperBase::update() {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Display already in state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
     return;
   }
-  this->set_state_(EPaperState::RESET);
+  this->set_state_(EPaperState::UPDATE);
   this->enable_loop();
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
+  this->update_start_time_ = millis();
+#endif
 }
 
 void EPaperBase::wait_for_idle_(bool should_wait) {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-  if (should_wait) {
-    this->waiting_for_idle_start_ = millis();
-    this->waiting_for_idle_last_print_ = this->waiting_for_idle_start_;
-  }
+  this->waiting_for_idle_start_ = millis();
 #endif
   this->waiting_for_idle_ = should_wait;
 }
@@ -138,7 +137,9 @@ void EPaperBase::loop() {
   if (this->waiting_for_idle_) {
     if (this->is_idle_()) {
       this->waiting_for_idle_ = false;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Screen now idle after %u ms", (unsigned) (millis() - this->waiting_for_idle_start_));
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Screen was busy for %u ms", (unsigned) (millis() - this->waiting_for_idle_start_));
+#endif
     } else {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
       if (now - this->waiting_for_idle_last_print_ >= 1000) {
@@ -164,23 +165,27 @@ void EPaperBase::process_state_() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Process state entered in state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
   switch (this->state_) {
     default:
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Display is in unhandled state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
-      this->disable_loop();
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Display is in unhandled state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
+      this->set_state_(EPaperState::IDLE);
       break;
     case EPaperState::IDLE:
       this->disable_loop();
       break;
     case EPaperState::RESET:
     case EPaperState::RESET_END:
-      if (this->reset_()) {
-        this->set_state_(EPaperState::UPDATE);
+      if (this->reset()) {
+        this->set_state_(EPaperState::INITIALISE);
       } else {
-        this->set_state_(EPaperState::RESET_END);
+        this->set_state_(EPaperState::RESET_END, this->reset_duration_);
       }
       break;
     case EPaperState::UPDATE:
       this->do_update_();  // Calls ESPHome (current page) lambda
-      this->set_state_(EPaperState::INITIALISE);
+      if (this->x_high_ < this->x_low_ || this->y_high_ < this->y_low_) {
+        this->set_state_(EPaperState::IDLE);
+        return;
+      }
+      this->set_state_(EPaperState::RESET);
       break;
     case EPaperState::INITIALISE:
       this->initialise_();
@@ -190,6 +195,10 @@ void EPaperBase::process_state_() {
       if (!this->transfer_data()) {
         return;  // Not done yet, come back next loop
       }
+      this->x_low_ = this->width_;
+      this->x_high_ = 0;
+      this->y_low_ = this->height_;
+      this->y_high_ = 0;
       this->set_state_(EPaperState::POWER_ON);
       break;
     case EPaperState::POWER_ON:
@@ -197,7 +206,8 @@ void EPaperBase::process_state_() {
       this->set_state_(EPaperState::REFRESH_SCREEN);
       break;
     case EPaperState::REFRESH_SCREEN:
-      this->refresh_screen();
+      this->refresh_screen(this->update_count_ != 0);
+      this->update_count_ = (this->update_count_ + 1) % this->full_update_every_;
       this->set_state_(EPaperState::POWER_OFF);
       break;
     case EPaperState::POWER_OFF:
@@ -207,6 +217,7 @@ void EPaperBase::process_state_() {
     case EPaperState::DEEP_SLEEP:
       this->deep_sleep();
       this->set_state_(EPaperState::IDLE);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Display update took %" PRIu32 " ms", millis() - this->update_start_time_);
       break;
   }
 }
@@ -222,6 +233,9 @@ void EPaperBase::set_state_(EPaperState state, uint16_t delay) {
   }
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Enter state %s, delay %u, wait_for_idle=%s", this->epaper_state_to_string_(), delay,
            TRUEFALSE(this->waiting_for_idle_));
+  if (state == EPaperState::IDLE) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
 }
 
 void EPaperBase::start_command_() {
@@ -260,20 +274,73 @@ void EPaperBase::initialise_() {
         this->mark_failed();
         return;
       }
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command %02X, length %d", cmd, num_args);
       this->cmd_data(cmd, sequence + index, num_args);
       index += num_args;
     }
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Check and rotate coordinates based on the transform flags.
+ * @param x
+ * @param y
+ * @return false if the coordinates are out of bounds
+ */
+bool EPaperBase::rotate_coordinates_(int &x, int &y) const {
+  if (!this->get_clipping().inside(x, y))
+    return false;
+  if (this->transform_ & SWAP_XY)
+    std::swap(x, y);
+  if (this->transform_ & MIRROR_X)
+    x = this->width_ - x - 1;
+  if (this->transform_ & MIRROR_Y)
+    y = this->height_ - y - 1;
+  if (x >= this->width_ || y >= this->height_ || x < 0 || y < 0)
+    return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Default implementation for monochrome displays where 8 pixels are packed to a byte.
+ * @param x
+ * @param y
+ * @param color
+ */
+void HOT EPaperBase::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
+  if (!rotate_coordinates_(x, y))
+    return;
+  const size_t pixel_position = y * this->width_ + x;
+  const size_t byte_position = pixel_position / 8;
+  const uint8_t bit_position = pixel_position % 8;
+  const uint8_t pixel_bit = 0x80 >> bit_position;
+  const auto original = this->buffer_[byte_position];
+  if ((color_to_bit(color) == 0)) {
+    this->buffer_[byte_position] = original & ~pixel_bit;
+  } else {
+    this->buffer_[byte_position] = original | pixel_bit;
+  }
+  this->x_low_ = clamp_at_most(this->x_low_, x);
+  this->x_high_ = clamp_at_least(this->x_high_, x + 1);
+  this->y_low_ = clamp_at_most(this->y_low_, y);
+  this->y_high_ = clamp_at_least(this->y_high_, y + 1);
+}
+
 void EPaperBase::dump_config() {
   LOG_DISPLAY("", "E-Paper SPI", this);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Model: %s", this->name_);
   LOG_PIN("  Reset Pin: ", this->reset_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  DC Pin: ", this->dc_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  Busy Pin: ", this->busy_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", this->cs_);
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "  SPI Data Rate: %uMHz\n"
+                "  Full update every: %d\n"
+                "  Swap X/Y: %s\n"
+                "  Mirror X: %s\n"
+                "  Mirror Y: %s",
+                (unsigned) (this->data_rate_ / 1000000), this->full_update_every_, YESNO(this->transform_ & SWAP_XY),
+                YESNO(this->transform_ & MIRROR_X), YESNO(this->transform_ & MIRROR_Y));
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.h

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 #include "esphome/components/split_buffer/split_buffer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#include <queue>
-
 namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 using namespace display;
 
@@ -25,10 +23,16 @@ enum class EPaperState : uint8_t {
   DEEP_SLEEP,      // deep sleep the display
 };
 
-static constexpr uint8_t MAX_TRANSFER_TIME = 10;  // Transfer in 10ms blocks to allow the loop to run
+static constexpr uint8_t NONE = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIRROR_X = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIRROR_Y = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t SWAP_XY = 4;
+
+static constexpr uint32_t MAX_TRANSFER_TIME = 10;  // Transfer in 10ms blocks to allow the loop to run
+static constexpr size_t MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE = 128;
 static constexpr uint8_t DELAY_FLAG = 0xFF;
 
-class EPaperBase : public DisplayBuffer,
+class EPaperBase : public Display,
                    public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
                                          spi::DATA_RATE_2MHZ> {
  public:
@@ -45,6 +49,8 @@ class EPaperBase : public DisplayBuffer,
   void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *reset) { this->reset_pin_ = reset; }
   void set_busy_pin(GPIOPin *busy) { this->busy_pin_ = busy; }
   void set_reset_duration(uint32_t reset_duration) { this->reset_duration_ = reset_duration; }
+  void set_transform(uint8_t transform) { this->transform_ = transform; }
+  void set_full_update_every(uint8_t full_update_every) { this->full_update_every_ = full_update_every; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void command(uint8_t value);
@@ -60,20 +66,47 @@ class EPaperBase : public DisplayBuffer,
 
   DisplayType get_display_type() override { return this->display_type_; };
 
+  // Default implementations for monochrome displays
+  static uint8_t color_to_bit(Color color) {
+    // It's always a shade of gray. Map to BLACK or WHITE.
+    // We split the luminance at a suitable point
+    if ((static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 512) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+  void fill(Color color) override {
+    auto pixel_color = color_to_bit(color) ? 0xFF : 0x00;
+
+    // We store 8 pixels per byte
+    this->buffer_.fill(pixel_color);
+    this->x_high_ = this->width_;
+    this->y_high_ = this->height_;
+    this->x_low_ = 0;
+    this->y_low_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  void clear() override {
+    // clear buffer to white, just like real paper.
+    this->fill(COLOR_ON);
+  }
+
  protected:
   int get_height_internal() override { return this->height_; };
   int get_width_internal() override { return this->width_; };
+  int get_width() override { return this->transform_ & SWAP_XY ? this->height_ : this->width_; }
+  int get_height() override { return this->transform_ & SWAP_XY ? this->width_ : this->height_; }
+  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override;
   void process_state_();
 
   const char *epaper_state_to_string_();
   bool is_idle_() const;
   void setup_pins_() const;
-  bool reset_() const;
+  virtual bool reset();
   void initialise_();
   void wait_for_idle_(bool should_wait);
   bool init_buffer_(size_t buffer_length);
-
-  virtual int get_width_controller() { return this->get_width_internal(); };
+  bool rotate_coordinates_(int &x, int &y) const;
 
   /**
    * Methods that must be implemented by concrete classes to control the display
@@ -86,7 +119,7 @@ class EPaperBase : public DisplayBuffer,
   /**
    * Refresh the screen after data transfer
    */
-  virtual void refresh_screen() = 0;
+  virtual void refresh_screen(bool partial) = 0;
 
   /**
    * Power the display on
@@ -118,24 +151,31 @@ class EPaperBase : public DisplayBuffer,
   DisplayType display_type_;
 
   size_t buffer_length_{};
-  size_t current_data_index_{0};  // used by data transfer to track progress
-  uint32_t reset_duration_{200};
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-  uint32_t transfer_start_time_{};
-  uint32_t waiting_for_idle_last_print_{0};
-  uint32_t waiting_for_idle_start_{0};
-#endif
-
+  size_t current_data_index_{};  // used by data transfer to track progress
+  split_buffer::SplitBuffer buffer_{};
   GPIOPin *dc_pin_{};
   GPIOPin *busy_pin_{};
   GPIOPin *reset_pin_{};
+  bool waiting_for_idle_{};
+  uint32_t delay_until_{};
+  uint8_t transform_{};
+  uint8_t update_count_{};
+  // these values represent the bounds of the updated buffer. Note that x_high and y_high
+  // point to the pixel past the last one updated, i.e. may range up to width/height.
+  uint16_t x_low_{}, y_low_{}, x_high_{}, y_high_{};
 
-  bool waiting_for_idle_{false};
-  uint32_t delay_until_{0};
-
-  split_buffer::SplitBuffer buffer_;
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  uint32_t waiting_for_idle_last_print_{};
+  uint32_t waiting_for_idle_start_{};
+#endif
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
+  uint32_t update_start_time_{};
+#endif
 
+  // properties with specific initialisers go last
   EPaperState state_{EPaperState::IDLE};
+  uint32_t reset_duration_{10};
+  uint8_t full_update_every_{1};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.6c";
-static constexpr size_t MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE = 128;
 static constexpr unsigned char GRAY_THRESHOLD = 50;
 
 enum E6Color {
@@ -75,24 +74,24 @@ static uint8_t color_to_hex(Color color) {
 }
 
 void EPaperSpectraE6::power_on() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Power on");
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Power on");
   this->command(0x04);
 }
 
 void EPaperSpectraE6::power_off() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Power off");
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Power off");
   this->command(0x02);
   this->data(0x00);
 }
 
-void EPaperSpectraE6::refresh_screen() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Refresh");
+void EPaperSpectraE6::refresh_screen(bool partial) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Refresh");
   this->command(0x12);
   this->data(0x00);
 }
 
 void EPaperSpectraE6::deep_sleep() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Deep sleep");
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep");
   this->command(0x07);
   this->data(0xA5);
 }
@@ -109,12 +108,11 @@ void EPaperSpectraE6::clear() {
   this->fill(COLOR_ON);
 }
 
-void HOT EPaperSpectraE6::draw_absolute_pixel_internal(int x, int y, Color color) {
-  if (x >= this->width_ || y >= this->height_ || x < 0 || y < 0)
+void HOT EPaperSpectraE6::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
+  if (!this->rotate_coordinates_(x, y))
     return;
-
   auto pixel_bits = color_to_hex(color);
-  uint32_t pixel_position = x + y * this->get_width_controller();
+  uint32_t pixel_position = x + y * this->get_width_internal();
   uint32_t byte_position = pixel_position / 2;
   auto original = this->buffer_[byte_position];
   if ((pixel_position & 1) != 0) {
@@ -128,10 +126,6 @@ bool HOT EPaperSpectraE6::transfer_data() {
   const uint32_t start_time = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   const size_t buffer_length = this->buffer_length_;
   if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    this->transfer_start_time_ = millis();
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Start sending data at %ums", (unsigned) millis());
     this->command(0x10);
   }
 
@@ -160,7 +154,6 @@ bool HOT EPaperSpectraE6::transfer_data() {
     this->end_data_();
   }
   this->current_data_index_ = 0;
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sent data in %" PRIu32 " ms", millis() - this->transfer_start_time_);
   return true;
 }
 }  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.h

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ class EPaperSpectraE6 : public EPaperBase {
   void clear() override;
 
  protected:
-  void refresh_screen() override;
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
   void power_on() override;
   void power_off() override;
   void deep_sleep() override;
-  void draw_absolute_pixel_internal(int x, int y, Color color) override;
+  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override;
 
   bool transfer_data() override;
 };

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1677.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "epaper_spi_ssd1677.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.ssd1677";
+
+void EPaperSSD1677::refresh_screen(bool partial) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Refresh screen");
+  this->command(0x22);
+  this->data(partial ? 0xFF : 0xF7);
+  this->command(0x20);
+}
+
+void EPaperSSD1677::deep_sleep() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep");
+  this->command(0x10);
+}
+
+bool EPaperSSD1677::reset() {
+  if (EPaperBase::reset()) {
+    this->command(0x12);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HOT EPaperSSD1677::transfer_data() {
+  auto start_time = millis();
+  if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
+    uint8_t data[4]{};
+    // round to byte boundaries
+    this->x_low_ &= ~7;
+    this->y_low_ &= ~7;
+    this->x_high_ += 7;
+    this->x_high_ &= ~7;
+    this->y_high_ += 7;
+    this->y_high_ &= ~7;
+    data[0] = this->x_low_;
+    data[1] = this->x_low_ / 256;
+    data[2] = this->x_high_ - 1;
+    data[3] = (this->x_high_ - 1) / 256;
+    cmd_data(0x4E, data, 2);
+    cmd_data(0x44, data, sizeof(data));
+    data[0] = this->y_low_;
+    data[1] = this->y_low_ / 256;
+    data[2] = this->y_high_ - 1;
+    data[3] = (this->y_high_ - 1) / 256;
+    cmd_data(0x4F, data, 2);
+    this->cmd_data(0x45, data, sizeof(data));
+    // for monochrome, we still need to clear the red data buffer at least once to prevent it
+    // causing dirty pixels after partial refresh.
+    this->command(this->send_red_ ? 0x26 : 0x24);
+    this->current_data_index_ = this->y_low_;  // actually current line
+  }
+  size_t row_length = (this->x_high_ - this->x_low_) / 8;
+  FixedVector<uint8_t> bytes_to_send{};
+  bytes_to_send.init(row_length);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Writing bytes at line %zu at %ums", this->current_data_index_, (unsigned) millis());
+  this->start_data_();
+  while (this->current_data_index_ != this->y_high_) {
+    size_t data_idx = (this->current_data_index_ * this->width_ + this->x_low_) / 8;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != row_length; i++) {
+      bytes_to_send[i] = this->send_red_ ? 0 : this->buffer_[data_idx++];
+    }
+    ++this->current_data_index_;
+    this->write_array(&bytes_to_send.front(), row_length);  // NOLINT
+    if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+      // Let the main loop run and come back next loop
+      this->end_data_();
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  this->end_data_();
+  this->current_data_index_ = 0;
+  if (this->send_red_) {
+    this->send_red_ = false;
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1677.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "epaper_spi.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+class EPaperSSD1677 : public EPaperBase {
+ public:
+  EPaperSSD1677(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height, const uint8_t *init_sequence,
+                size_t init_sequence_length)
+      : EPaperBase(name, width, height, init_sequence, init_sequence_length, DISPLAY_TYPE_BINARY) {
+    this->buffer_length_ = width * height / 8;  // 8 pixels per byte
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
+  void power_on() override {}
+  void power_off() override{};
+  void deep_sleep() override;
+  bool reset() override;
+  bool transfer_data() override;
+  bool send_red_{true};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/ssd1677.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from esphome.const import CONF_DATA_RATE
+
+from . import EpaperModel
+
+
+class SSD1677(EpaperModel):
+    def __init__(self, name, class_name="EPaperSSD1677", **kwargs):
+        if CONF_DATA_RATE not in kwargs:
+            kwargs[CONF_DATA_RATE] = "20MHz"
+        super().__init__(name, class_name, **kwargs)
+
+    # fmt: off
+    def get_init_sequence(self, config: dict):
+        width, _height = self.get_dimensions(config)
+        return (
+            (0x18, 0x80),    # Select internal Temp sensor
+            (0x0C, 0xAE, 0xC7, 0xC3, 0xC0, 0x80),  # inrush current level 2
+            (0x01, (width - 1) % 256, (width - 1) // 256, 0x02),    # Set column gate limit
+            (0x3C, 0x01),    # Set border waveform
+            (0x11, 3),      # Set transform
+        )
+
+
+ssd1677 = SSD1677("ssd1677")
+
+ssd1677.extend(
+    "seeed-ee04-mono-4.26",
+    width=800,
+    height=480,
+    mirror_x=True,
+    cs_pin=44,
+    dc_pin=10,
+    reset_pin=38,
+    busy_pin={
+        "number": 4,
+        "inverted": False,
+        "mode": {
+            "input": True,
+            "pulldown": True,
+        },
+    },
+)

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     __version__,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt, TimePeriod
+from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, write_file_if_changed
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
@@ -262,15 +263,32 @@ def add_idf_component(
             "deprecated and will be removed in ESPHome 2026.1. If you are seeing this, report "
             "an issue to the external_component author and ask them to update it."
         )
+    components_registry = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS]
     if components:
         for comp in components:
-            CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS][comp] = {
+            existing = components_registry.get(comp)
+            if existing and existing.get(KEY_REF) != ref:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "IDF component %s version conflict %s replaced by %s",
+                    comp,
+                    existing.get(KEY_REF),
+                    ref,
+                )
+            components_registry[comp] = {
                 KEY_REPO: repo,
                 KEY_REF: ref,
                 KEY_PATH: f"{path}/{comp}" if path else comp,
             }
     else:
-        CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS][name] = {
+        existing = components_registry.get(name)
+        if existing and existing.get(KEY_REF) != ref:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "IDF component %s version conflict %s replaced by %s",
+                name,
+                existing.get(KEY_REF),
+                ref,
+            )
+        components_registry[name] = {
             KEY_REPO: repo,
             KEY_REF: ref,
             KEY_PATH: path,
@@ -592,6 +610,14 @@ def require_vfs_dir() -> None:
     CORE.data[KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED] = True
 
 
+def _parse_idf_component(value: str) -> ConfigType:
+    """Parse IDF component shorthand syntax like 'owner/component^version'"""
+    if "^" not in value:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid IDF component shorthand '{value}'")
+    name, ref = value.split("^", 1)
+    return {CONF_NAME: name, CONF_REF: ref}
+
+
 def _validate_idf_component(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Validate IDF component config and warn about deprecated options."""
     if CONF_REFRESH in config:
@@ -659,14 +685,19 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_COMPONENTS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(
             cv.All(
-                cv.Schema(
-                    {
-                        cv.Required(CONF_NAME): cv.string_strict,
-                        cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.git_ref,
-                        cv.Optional(CONF_REF): cv.string,
-                        cv.Optional(CONF_PATH): cv.string,
-                        cv.Optional(CONF_REFRESH): cv.All(cv.string, cv.source_refresh),
-                    }
+                cv.Any(
+                    cv.All(cv.string_strict, _parse_idf_component),
+                    cv.Schema(
+                        {
+                            cv.Required(CONF_NAME): cv.string_strict,
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.git_ref,
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_REF): cv.string,
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_PATH): cv.string,
+                            cv.Optional(CONF_REFRESH): cv.All(
+                                cv.string, cv.source_refresh
+                            ),
+                        }
+                    ),
                 ),
                 _validate_idf_component,
             )
@@ -851,6 +882,18 @@ def _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf: dict) -> None:
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS", max_sockets)
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _add_yaml_idf_components(components: list[ConfigType]):
+    """Add IDF components from YAML config with final priority to override code-added components."""
+    for component in components:
+        add_idf_component(
+            name=component[CONF_NAME],
+            repo=component.get(CONF_SOURCE),
+            ref=component.get(CONF_REF),
+            path=component.get(CONF_PATH),
+        )
+
+
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_platformio_option("board", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_upload.flash_size", config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE])
@@ -1097,13 +1140,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     for name, value in conf[CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].items():
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name, RawSdkconfigValue(value))
 
-    for component in conf[CONF_COMPONENTS]:
-        add_idf_component(
-            name=component[CONF_NAME],
-            repo=component.get(CONF_SOURCE),
-            ref=component.get(CONF_REF),
-            path=component.get(CONF_PATH),
-        )
+    # Components from YAML are added in a separate coroutine with FINAL priority
+    # Schedule it to run after all other components
+    if conf[CONF_COMPONENTS]:
+        CORE.add_job(_add_yaml_idf_components, conf[CONF_COMPONENTS])
 
 
 APP_PARTITION_SIZES = {

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_characteristic.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ void BLECharacteristic::parse_descriptors() {
     }
     if (status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr error, status=%d",
-               this->service->client->get_connection_index(), this->service->client->address_str().c_str(), status);
+               this->service->client->get_connection_index(), this->service->client->address_str(), status);
       break;
     }
     if (count == 0) {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void BLECharacteristic::parse_descriptors() {
     desc->characteristic = this;
     this->descriptors.push_back(desc);
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s]    descriptor %s, handle 0x%x", this->service->client->get_connection_index(),
-             this->service->client->address_str().c_str(), desc->uuid.to_string().c_str(), desc->handle);
+             this->service->client->address_str(), desc->uuid.to_string().c_str(), desc->handle);
     offset++;
   }
 }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ esp_err_t BLECharacteristic::write_value(uint8_t *new_val, int16_t new_val_size,
                                          new_val, write_type, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
   if (status) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error sending write value to BLE gattc server, status=%d",
-             this->service->client->get_connection_index(), this->service->client->address_str().c_str(), status);
+             this->service->client->get_connection_index(), this->service->client->address_str(), status);
   }
   return status;
 }

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::setup() {
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::set_state(espbt::ClientState st) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Set state %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), (int) st);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Set state %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, (int) st);
   ESPBTClient::set_state(st);
 }
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Address: %s\n"
                 "  Auto-Connect: %s",
-                this->address_str().c_str(), TRUEFALSE(this->auto_connect_));
+                this->address_str(), TRUEFALSE(this->auto_connect_));
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  State: %s", espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state()));
   if (this->status_ == ESP_GATT_NO_RESOURCES) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Failed due to no resources. Try to reduce number of BLE clients in config.");
@@ -104,12 +104,11 @@ void BLEClientBase::connect() {
   // Prevent duplicate connection attempts
   if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING || this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED ||
       this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection already in progress, state=%s", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_.c_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_));
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection already in progress, state=%s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+             espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_));
     return;
   }
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] 0x%02x Connecting", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           this->remote_addr_type_);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] 0x%02x Connecting", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, this->remote_addr_type_);
   this->paired_ = false;
   // Enable loop for state processing
   this->enable_loop();
@@ -135,13 +134,13 @@ esp_err_t BLEClientBase::pair() { return esp_ble_set_encryption(this->remote_bda
 
 void BLEClientBase::disconnect() {
   if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::IDLE || this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect requested, but already %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect requested, but already %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
              espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_));
     return;
   }
   if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING || this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect before connected, disconnect scheduled", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_.c_str());
+             this->address_str_);
     this->want_disconnect_ = true;
     return;
   }
@@ -150,8 +149,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::disconnect() {
 
 void BLEClientBase::unconditional_disconnect() {
   // Disconnect without checking the state.
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnecting (conn_id: %d).", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           this->conn_id_);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnecting (conn_id: %d).", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, this->conn_id_);
   if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
     this->log_error_("Already disconnecting");
     return;
@@ -192,24 +190,23 @@ void BLEClientBase::release_services() {
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_event_(const char *name) {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), name);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, name);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_gattc_event_(const char *name) {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_%s_EVT", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), name);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_%s_EVT", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, name);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), operation,
-           status);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, operation, status);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), operation, err);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, operation, err);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_connection_params_(const char *param_type) {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s conn params", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), param_type);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s conn params", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, param_type);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::handle_connection_result_(esp_err_t ret) {
@@ -220,15 +217,15 @@ void BLEClientBase::handle_connection_result_(esp_err_t ret) {
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_error_(const char *message) {
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), message);
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, message);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_error_(const char *message, int code) {
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), message, code);
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, message, code);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_warning_(const char *message) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), message);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, message);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
@@ -264,13 +261,13 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
   if (event != ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT && esp_gattc_if != ESP_GATT_IF_NONE && esp_gattc_if != this->gattc_if_)
     return false;
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] gattc_event_handler: event=%d gattc_if=%d", this->connection_index_,
-           this->address_str_.c_str(), event, esp_gattc_if);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] gattc_event_handler: event=%d gattc_if=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+           event, esp_gattc_if);
 
   switch (event) {
     case ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT: {
       if (param->reg.status == ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] gattc registered app id %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] gattc registered app id %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                  this->app_id);
         this->gattc_if_ = esp_gattc_if;
       } else {
@@ -292,7 +289,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       // arriving after we've already transitioned to IDLE state.
       if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::IDLE) {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT in IDLE state (status=%d), ignoring", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), param->open.status);
+                 this->address_str_, param->open.status);
         break;
       }
 
@@ -301,7 +298,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
         // because it means we have a bad assumption about how the
         // ESP BT stack works.
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT in %s state (status=%d)", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_), param->open.status);
+                 this->address_str_, espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_), param->open.status);
       }
       if (param->open.status != ESP_GATT_OK && param->open.status != ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
         this->log_gattc_warning_("Connection open", param->open.status);
@@ -318,7 +315,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       }
       // MTU negotiation already started in ESP_GATTC_CONNECT_EVT
       this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED);
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection open", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection open", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
       if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
         // Cached connections already connected with medium parameters, no update needed
         // only set our state, subclients might have more stuff to do yet.
@@ -354,8 +351,8 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
           this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED) {
         this->log_warning_("Remote closed during discovery");
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT, reason 0x%02x", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), param->disconnect.reason);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT, reason 0x%02x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+                 param->disconnect.reason);
       }
       this->release_services();
       this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
@@ -366,12 +363,12 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       if (this->conn_id_ != param->cfg_mtu.conn_id)
         return false;
       if (param->cfg_mtu.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] cfg_mtu failed, mtu %d, status %d", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), param->cfg_mtu.mtu, param->cfg_mtu.status);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] cfg_mtu failed, mtu %d, status %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+                 param->cfg_mtu.mtu, param->cfg_mtu.status);
         // No state change required here - disconnect event will follow if needed.
         break;
       }
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] cfg_mtu status %d, mtu %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] cfg_mtu status %d, mtu %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                param->cfg_mtu.status, param->cfg_mtu.mtu);
       this->mtu_ = param->cfg_mtu.mtu;
       break;
@@ -415,14 +412,14 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       } else if (this->connection_type_ != espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
         for (auto &svc : this->services_) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service UUID: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service UUID: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                    svc->uuid.to_string().c_str());
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s]  start_handle: 0x%x  end_handle: 0x%x", this->connection_index_,
-                   this->address_str_.c_str(), svc->start_handle, svc->end_handle);
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s]  start_handle: 0x%x  end_handle: 0x%x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+                   svc->start_handle, svc->end_handle);
         }
 #endif
       }
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service discovery complete", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service discovery complete", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
       this->state_ = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
       break;
     }
@@ -503,7 +500,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
 
     default:
       // ideally would check all other events for matching conn_id
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Event %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), event);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Event %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, event);
       break;
   }
   return true;
@@ -520,7 +517,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT:
       if (!this->check_addr(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr))
         return;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT %x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), event);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT %x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, event);
       esp_ble_gap_security_rsp(param->ble_security.ble_req.bd_addr, true);
       break;
     // This event is sent once authentication has completed
@@ -529,13 +526,13 @@ void BLEClientBase::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_
         return;
       esp_bd_addr_t bd_addr;
       memcpy(bd_addr, param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth complete addr: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth complete addr: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                format_hex(bd_addr, 6).c_str());
       if (!param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success) {
         this->log_error_("auth fail reason", param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason);
       } else {
         this->paired_ = true;
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth success type = %d mode = %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth success type = %d mode = %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                  param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.addr_type, param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.auth_mode);
       }
       break;
@@ -598,7 +595,7 @@ float BLEClientBase::parse_char_value(uint8_t *value, uint16_t length) {
       }
   }
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot parse characteristic value of type 0x%x length %d", this->connection_index_,
-           this->address_str_.c_str(), value[0], length);
+           this->address_str_, value[0], length);
   return NAN;
 }
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <array>
-#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <esp_bt_defs.h>
@@ -23,6 +22,7 @@ namespace esphome::esp32_ble_client {
 namespace espbt = esphome::esp32_ble_tracker;
 
 static const int UNSET_CONN_ID = 0xFFFF;
+static constexpr size_t MAC_ADDR_STR_LEN = 18;  // "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF\0"
 
 class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
  public:
@@ -58,14 +58,12 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
     this->remote_bda_[4] = (address >> 8) & 0xFF;
     this->remote_bda_[5] = (address >> 0) & 0xFF;
     if (address == 0) {
-      this->address_str_ = "";
+      this->address_str_[0] = '\0';
     } else {
-      char buf[18];
-      format_mac_addr_upper(this->remote_bda_, buf);
-      this->address_str_ = buf;
+      format_mac_addr_upper(this->remote_bda_, this->address_str_);
     }
   }
-  const std::string &address_str() const { return this->address_str_; }
+  const char *address_str() const { return this->address_str_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
   BLEService *get_service(espbt::ESPBTUUID uuid);
@@ -104,7 +102,6 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   uint64_t address_{0};
 
   // Group 2: Container types (grouped for memory optimization)
-  std::string address_str_{};
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
   std::vector<BLEService *> services_;
 #endif
@@ -113,8 +110,9 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   int gattc_if_;
   esp_gatt_status_t status_{ESP_GATT_OK};
 
-  // Group 4: Arrays (6 bytes)
-  esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda_;
+  // Group 4: Arrays
+  char address_str_[MAC_ADDR_STR_LEN]{};  // 18 bytes: "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF\0"
+  esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda_;              // 6 bytes
 
   // Group 5: 2-byte types
   uint16_t conn_id_{UNSET_CONN_ID};

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_service.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void BLEService::parse_characteristics() {
     }
     if (status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char error, status=%d", this->client->get_connection_index(),
-               this->client->address_str().c_str(), status);
+               this->client->address_str(), status);
       break;
     }
     if (count == 0) {
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ void BLEService::parse_characteristics() {
     characteristic->service = this;
     this->characteristics.push_back(characteristic);
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s]  characteristic %s, handle 0x%x, properties 0x%x", this->client->get_connection_index(),
-             this->client->address_str().c_str(), characteristic->uuid.to_string().c_str(), characteristic->handle,
+             this->client->address_str(), characteristic->uuid.to_string().c_str(), characteristic->handle,
              characteristic->properties);
     offset++;
   }

esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp

@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ constexpr size_t CHUNK_SIZE = 1500;
 void Esp32HostedUpdate::setup() {
   this->update_info_.title = "ESP32 Hosted Coprocessor";
 
+  // if wifi is not present, connect to the coprocessor
+#ifndef USE_WIFI
+  esp_hosted_connect_to_slave();  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
   // get coprocessor version
   esp_hosted_coprocessor_fwver_t ver_info;
   if (esp_hosted_get_coprocessor_fwversion(&ver_info) == ESP_OK) {

esphome/components/inkplate/display.py

@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_IGNORE_STRAPPING_WARNING,
     CONF_LAMBDA,
     CONF_MIRROR_X,
     CONF_MIRROR_Y,
     CONF_MODEL,
+    CONF_NUMBER,
     CONF_OE_PIN,
     CONF_PAGES,
     CONF_TRANSFORM,
@@ -101,14 +103,21 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Required(CONF_SPV_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
             cv.Required(CONF_VCOM_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
             cv.Required(CONF_WAKEUP_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_CL_PIN, default=0): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_LE_PIN, default=2): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_CL_PIN,
+                default={CONF_NUMBER: 0, CONF_IGNORE_STRAPPING_WARNING: True},
+            ): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_LE_PIN,
+                default={CONF_NUMBER: 2, CONF_IGNORE_STRAPPING_WARNING: True},
+            ): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema,
             # Data pins
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_DISPLAY_DATA_0_PIN, default=4
             ): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema,
             cv.Optional(
-                CONF_DISPLAY_DATA_1_PIN, default=5
+                CONF_DISPLAY_DATA_1_PIN,
+                default={CONF_NUMBER: 5, CONF_IGNORE_STRAPPING_WARNING: True},
             ): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_schema,
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_DISPLAY_DATA_2_PIN, default=18

esphome/components/lvgl/__init__.py

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ LV_CONF_H_FORMAT = """\
 
 
 def generate_lv_conf_h():
-    definitions = [as_macro(m, v) for m, v in df.lv_defines.items()]
+    definitions = [as_macro(m, v) for m, v in df.get_data(df.KEY_LV_DEFINES).items()]
     definitions.sort()
     return LV_CONF_H_FORMAT.format("\n".join(definitions))
 
@@ -140,11 +140,11 @@ def multi_conf_validate(configs: list[dict]):
                 )
 
 
-def final_validation(configs):
-    if len(configs) != 1:
-        multi_conf_validate(configs)
+def final_validation(config_list):
+    if len(config_list) != 1:
+        multi_conf_validate(config_list)
     global_config = full_config.get()
-    for config in configs:
+    for config in config_list:
         if (pages := config.get(CONF_PAGES)) and all(p[df.CONF_SKIP] for p in pages):
             raise cv.Invalid("At least one page must not be skipped")
         for display_id in config[df.CONF_DISPLAYS]:
@@ -190,6 +190,14 @@ def final_validation(configs):
                 raise cv.Invalid(
                     f"Widget '{w}' does not have any dynamic properties to refresh",
                 )
+        # Do per-widget type final validation for update actions
+        for widget_type, update_configs in df.get_data(df.KEY_UPDATED_WIDGETS).items():
+            for conf in update_configs:
+                for id_conf in conf.get(CONF_ID, ()):
+                    name = id_conf[CONF_ID]
+                    path = global_config.get_path_for_id(name)
+                    widget_conf = global_config.get_config_for_path(path[:-1])
+                    widget_type.final_validate(name, conf, widget_conf, path[1:])
 
 
 async def to_code(configs):
@@ -276,6 +284,7 @@ async def to_code(configs):
             config[df.CONF_FULL_REFRESH],
             config[CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING],
             config[df.CONF_RESUME_ON_INPUT],
+            config[df.CONF_UPDATE_WHEN_DISPLAY_IDLE],
         )
         await cg.register_component(lv_component, config)
         Widget.create(config[CONF_ID], lv_component, LvScrActType(), config)
@@ -373,6 +382,9 @@ LVGL_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     df.CONF_DEFAULT_FONT, default="montserrat_14"
                 ): lvalid.lv_font,
                 cv.Optional(df.CONF_FULL_REFRESH, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(
+                    df.CONF_UPDATE_WHEN_DISPLAY_IDLE, default=False
+                ): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_DRAW_ROUNDING, default=2): cv.positive_int,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_BUFFER_SIZE, default=0): cv.percentage,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_LOG_LEVEL, default="WARN"): cv.one_of(

esphome/components/lvgl/defines.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from esphome import codegen as cg, config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ITEMS
-from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, Lambda
 from esphome.cpp_generator import LambdaExpression, MockObj
 from esphome.cpp_types import uint32
 from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT, schema_extractor
@@ -20,11 +20,27 @@ from .helpers import requires_component
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 lvgl_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("lvgl")
 
-lv_defines = {}  # Dict of #defines to provide as build flags
+DOMAIN = "lvgl"
+KEY_LV_DEFINES = "lv_defines"
+KEY_UPDATED_WIDGETS = "updated_widgets"
+
+
+def get_data(key, default=None):
+    """
+    Get a data structure from the global data store by key
+    :param key: A key for the data
+    :param default: The default data - the default is an empty dict
+    :return:
+    """
+    return CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {}).setdefault(
+        key, default if default is not None else {}
+    )
 
 
 def add_define(macro, value="1"):
-    if macro in lv_defines and lv_defines[macro] != value:
+    lv_defines = get_data(KEY_LV_DEFINES)
+    value = str(value)
+    if lv_defines.setdefault(macro, value) != value:
         LOGGER.error(
             "Redefinition of %s - was %s now %s", macro, lv_defines[macro], value
         )
@@ -279,6 +295,8 @@ KEYBOARD_MODES = LvConstant(
 )
 ROLLER_MODES = LvConstant("LV_ROLLER_MODE_", "NORMAL", "INFINITE")
 TILE_DIRECTIONS = DIRECTIONS.extend("HOR", "VER", "ALL")
+SCROLL_DIRECTIONS = TILE_DIRECTIONS.extend("NONE")
+SNAP_DIRECTIONS = LvConstant("LV_SCROLL_SNAP_", "NONE", "START", "END", "CENTER")
 CHILD_ALIGNMENTS = LvConstant(
     "LV_ALIGN_",
     "TOP_LEFT",
@@ -511,6 +529,9 @@ CONF_ROLLOVER = "rollover"
 CONF_ROOT_BACK_BTN = "root_back_btn"
 CONF_SCALE_LINES = "scale_lines"
 CONF_SCROLLBAR_MODE = "scrollbar_mode"
+CONF_SCROLL_DIR = "scroll_dir"
+CONF_SCROLL_SNAP_X = "scroll_snap_x"
+CONF_SCROLL_SNAP_Y = "scroll_snap_y"
 CONF_SELECTED_INDEX = "selected_index"
 CONF_SELECTED_TEXT = "selected_text"
 CONF_SHOW_SNOW = "show_snow"
@@ -537,6 +558,7 @@ CONF_TOUCHSCREENS = "touchscreens"
 CONF_TRANSPARENCY_KEY = "transparency_key"
 CONF_THEME = "theme"
 CONF_UPDATE_ON_RELEASE = "update_on_release"
+CONF_UPDATE_WHEN_DISPLAY_IDLE = "update_when_display_idle"
 CONF_VISIBLE_ROW_COUNT = "visible_row_count"
 CONF_WIDGET = "widget"
 CONF_WIDGETS = "widgets"

esphome/components/lvgl/layout.py

@@ -172,10 +172,14 @@ class DirectionalLayout(FlexLayout):
 
     def validate(self, config):
         assert config[CONF_LAYOUT].lower() == self.direction
-        config[CONF_LAYOUT] = {
+        layout = {
             **FLEX_HV_STYLE,
             CONF_FLEX_FLOW: "LV_FLEX_FLOW_" + self.flow.upper(),
         }
+        if pad_all := config.get("pad_all"):
+            layout[CONF_PAD_ROW] = pad_all
+            layout[CONF_PAD_COLUMN] = pad_all
+        config[CONF_LAYOUT] = layout
         return config
 
 

esphome/components/lvgl/lv_validation.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ from .helpers import (
     lv_fonts_used,
     requires_component,
 )
-from .types import lv_font_t, lv_gradient_t
+from .types import lv_gradient_t
 
 opacity_consts = LvConstant("LV_OPA_", "TRANSP", "COVER")
 
@@ -498,7 +498,9 @@ class LvFont(LValidator):
             esphome_fonts_used.add(fontval)
             return requires_component("font")(fontval)
 
-        super().__init__(validator, lv_font_t)
+        # Use font::Font* as return type for lambdas returning ESPHome fonts
+        # The inline overloads in lvgl_esphome.h handle conversion to lv_font_t*
+        super().__init__(validator, Font.operator("ptr"))
 
     async def process(self, value, args=()):
         if is_lv_font(value):

esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp

@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@ void LvglComponent::dump_config() {
                 this->disp_drv_.hor_res, this->disp_drv_.ver_res, 100 / this->buffer_frac_, this->rotation,
                 (int) this->draw_rounding);
 }
+
 void LvglComponent::set_paused(bool paused, bool show_snow) {
   this->paused_ = paused;
   this->show_snow_ = show_snow;
@@ -124,32 +125,38 @@ void LvglComponent::esphome_lvgl_init() {
   lv_update_event = static_cast<lv_event_code_t>(lv_event_register_id());
   lv_api_event = static_cast<lv_event_code_t>(lv_event_register_id());
 }
+
 void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event) {
   lv_obj_add_event_cb(obj, callback, event, nullptr);
 }
+
 void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1,
                                  lv_event_code_t event2) {
   add_event_cb(obj, callback, event1);
   add_event_cb(obj, callback, event2);
 }
+
 void LvglComponent::add_event_cb(lv_obj_t *obj, event_callback_t callback, lv_event_code_t event1,
                                  lv_event_code_t event2, lv_event_code_t event3) {
   add_event_cb(obj, callback, event1);
   add_event_cb(obj, callback, event2);
   add_event_cb(obj, callback, event3);
 }
+
 void LvglComponent::add_page(LvPageType *page) {
   this->pages_.push_back(page);
   page->set_parent(this);
   lv_disp_set_default(this->disp_);
   page->setup(this->pages_.size() - 1);
 }
+
 void LvglComponent::show_page(size_t index, lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
   if (index >= this->pages_.size())
     return;
   this->current_page_ = index;
   lv_scr_load_anim(this->pages_[this->current_page_]->obj, anim, time, 0, false);
 }
+
 void LvglComponent::show_next_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
   if (this->pages_.empty() || (this->current_page_ == this->pages_.size() - 1 && !this->page_wrap_))
     return;
@@ -158,6 +165,7 @@ void LvglComponent::show_next_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
   } while (this->pages_[this->current_page_]->skip);  // skip empty pages()
   this->show_page(this->current_page_, anim, time);
 }
+
 void LvglComponent::show_prev_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
   if (this->pages_.empty() || (this->current_page_ == 0 && !this->page_wrap_))
     return;
@@ -166,8 +174,10 @@ void LvglComponent::show_prev_page(lv_scr_load_anim_t anim, uint32_t time) {
   } while (this->pages_[this->current_page_]->skip);  // skip empty pages()
   this->show_page(this->current_page_, anim, time);
 }
+
 size_t LvglComponent::get_current_page() const { return this->current_page_; }
 bool LvPageType::is_showing() const { return this->parent_->get_current_page() == this->index; }
+
 void LvglComponent::draw_buffer_(const lv_area_t *area, lv_color_t *ptr) {
   auto width = lv_area_get_width(area);
   auto height = lv_area_get_height(area);
@@ -222,7 +232,7 @@ void LvglComponent::draw_buffer_(const lv_area_t *area, lv_color_t *ptr) {
 }
 
 void LvglComponent::flush_cb_(lv_disp_drv_t *disp_drv, const lv_area_t *area, lv_color_t *color_p) {
-  if (!this->paused_) {
+  if (!this->is_paused()) {
     auto now = millis();
     this->draw_buffer_(area, color_p);
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "flush_cb, area=%d/%d, %d/%d took %dms", area->x1, area->y1, lv_area_get_width(area),
@@ -230,6 +240,7 @@ void LvglComponent::flush_cb_(lv_disp_drv_t *disp_drv, const lv_area_t *area, lv
   }
   lv_disp_flush_ready(disp_drv);
 }
+
 IdleTrigger::IdleTrigger(LvglComponent *parent, TemplatableValue<uint32_t> timeout) : timeout_(std::move(timeout)) {
   parent->add_on_idle_callback([this](uint32_t idle_time) {
     if (!this->is_idle_ && idle_time > this->timeout_.value()) {
@@ -377,6 +388,27 @@ void LvKeyboardType::set_obj(lv_obj_t *lv_obj) {
 }
 #endif  // USE_LVGL_KEYBOARD
 
+void LvglComponent::draw_end_() {
+  if (this->draw_end_callback_ != nullptr)
+    this->draw_end_callback_->trigger();
+  if (this->update_when_display_idle_) {
+    for (auto *disp : this->displays_)
+      disp->update();
+  }
+}
+
+bool LvglComponent::is_paused() const {
+  if (this->paused_)
+    return true;
+  if (this->update_when_display_idle_) {
+    for (auto *disp : this->displays_) {
+      if (!disp->is_idle())
+        return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
 void LvglComponent::write_random_() {
   int iterations = 6 - lv_disp_get_inactive_time(this->disp_) / 60000;
   if (iterations <= 0)
@@ -426,12 +458,13 @@ void LvglComponent::write_random_() {
  *                         presses a key or clicks on the screen.
  */
 LvglComponent::LvglComponent(std::vector<display::Display *> displays, float buffer_frac, bool full_refresh,
-                             int draw_rounding, bool resume_on_input)
+                             int draw_rounding, bool resume_on_input, bool update_when_display_idle)
     : draw_rounding(draw_rounding),
       displays_(std::move(displays)),
       buffer_frac_(buffer_frac),
       full_refresh_(full_refresh),
-      resume_on_input_(resume_on_input) {
+      resume_on_input_(resume_on_input),
+      update_when_display_idle_(update_when_display_idle) {
   lv_disp_draw_buf_init(&this->draw_buf_, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
   lv_disp_drv_init(&this->disp_drv_);
   this->disp_drv_.draw_buf = &this->draw_buf_;
@@ -487,7 +520,7 @@ void LvglComponent::setup() {
   if (this->draw_start_callback_ != nullptr) {
     this->disp_drv_.render_start_cb = render_start_cb;
   }
-  if (this->draw_end_callback_ != nullptr) {
+  if (this->draw_end_callback_ != nullptr || this->update_when_display_idle_) {
     this->disp_drv_.monitor_cb = monitor_cb;
   }
 #if LV_USE_LOG
@@ -509,14 +542,15 @@ void LvglComponent::setup() {
 
 void LvglComponent::update() {
   // update indicators
-  if (this->paused_) {
+  if (this->is_paused()) {
     return;
   }
   this->idle_callbacks_.call(lv_disp_get_inactive_time(this->disp_));
 }
+
 void LvglComponent::loop() {
-  if (this->paused_) {
-    if (this->show_snow_)
+  if (this->is_paused()) {
+    if (this->paused_ && this->show_snow_)
       this->write_random_();
   } else {
     lv_timer_handler_run_in_period(5);

esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h

@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class LvglComponent : public PollingComponent {
 
  public:
   LvglComponent(std::vector<display::Display *> displays, float buffer_frac, bool full_refresh, int draw_rounding,
-                bool resume_on_input);
+                bool resume_on_input, bool update_when_display_idle);
   static void static_flush_cb(lv_disp_drv_t *disp_drv, const lv_area_t *area, lv_color_t *color_p);
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::PROCESSOR; }
@@ -171,7 +171,9 @@ class LvglComponent : public PollingComponent {
   // @param paused If true, pause the display. If false, resume the display.
   // @param show_snow If true, show the snow effect when paused.
   void set_paused(bool paused, bool show_snow);
-  bool is_paused() const { return this->paused_; }
+
+  // Returns true if the display is explicitly paused, or a blocking display update is in progress.
+  bool is_paused() const;
   // If the display is paused and we have resume_on_input_ set to true, resume the display.
   void maybe_wakeup() {
     if (this->paused_ && this->resume_on_input_) {
@@ -210,10 +212,10 @@ class LvglComponent : public PollingComponent {
   void set_draw_end_trigger(Trigger<> *trigger) { this->draw_end_callback_ = trigger; }
 
  protected:
-  // these functions are never called unless the callbacks are non-null since the
-  // LVGL callbacks that call them are not set unless the start/end callbacks are non-null
+  void draw_end_();
+  // Not checking for non-null callback since the
+  // LVGL callback that calls it is not set in that case
   void draw_start_() const { this->draw_start_callback_->trigger(); }
-  void draw_end_() const { this->draw_end_callback_->trigger(); }
 
   void write_random_();
   void draw_buffer_(const lv_area_t *area, lv_color_t *ptr);
@@ -222,6 +224,7 @@ class LvglComponent : public PollingComponent {
   size_t buffer_frac_{1};
   bool full_refresh_{};
   bool resume_on_input_{};
+  bool update_when_display_idle_{};
 
   lv_disp_draw_buf_t draw_buf_{};
   lv_disp_drv_t disp_drv_{};

esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
 from esphome import config_validation as cv
 from esphome.automation import Trigger, validate_automation
 from esphome.components.time import RealTimeClock
+from esphome.config_validation import prepend_path
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ARGS,
     CONF_FORMAT,
@@ -19,7 +22,14 @@ from esphome.core import TimePeriod
 from esphome.core.config import StartupTrigger
 
 from . import defines as df, lv_validation as lvalid
-from .defines import CONF_TIME_FORMAT, LV_GRAD_DIR
+from .defines import (
+    CONF_SCROLL_DIR,
+    CONF_SCROLL_SNAP_X,
+    CONF_SCROLL_SNAP_Y,
+    CONF_SCROLLBAR_MODE,
+    CONF_TIME_FORMAT,
+    LV_GRAD_DIR,
+)
 from .helpers import CONF_IF_NAN, requires_component, validate_printf
 from .layout import (
     FLEX_OBJ_SCHEMA,
@@ -233,9 +243,19 @@ STYLE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema({cv.Optional(k): v for k, v in STYLE_PROPS.items()}).ex
         cv.Optional(df.CONF_SCROLLBAR_MODE): df.LvConstant(
             "LV_SCROLLBAR_MODE_", "OFF", "ON", "ACTIVE", "AUTO"
         ).one_of,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SCROLL_DIR): df.SCROLL_DIRECTIONS.one_of,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SCROLL_SNAP_X): df.SNAP_DIRECTIONS.one_of,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SCROLL_SNAP_Y): df.SNAP_DIRECTIONS.one_of,
     }
 )
 
+OBJ_PROPERTIES = {
+    CONF_SCROLL_SNAP_X,
+    CONF_SCROLL_SNAP_Y,
+    CONF_SCROLL_DIR,
+    CONF_SCROLLBAR_MODE,
+}
+
 # Also allow widget specific properties for use in style definitions
 FULL_STYLE_SCHEMA = STYLE_SCHEMA.extend(
     {
@@ -293,19 +313,36 @@ def automation_schema(typ: LvType):
     }
 
 
-def base_update_schema(widget_type, parts):
+def _update_widget(widget_type: WidgetType) -> Callable[[dict], dict]:
     """
-    Create a schema for updating a widgets style properties, states and flags
+    During validation of update actions, create a map of action types to affected widgets
+    for use in final validation.
+    :param widget_type:
+    :return:
+    """
+
+    def validator(value: dict) -> dict:
+        df.get_data(df.KEY_UPDATED_WIDGETS).setdefault(widget_type, []).append(value)
+        return value
+
+    return validator
+
+
+def base_update_schema(widget_type: WidgetType | LvType, parts):
+    """
+    Create a schema for updating a widget's style properties, states and flags.
     :param widget_type: The type of the ID
     :param parts:  The allowable parts to specify
     :return:
     """
-    return part_schema(parts).extend(
+
+    w_type = widget_type.w_type if isinstance(widget_type, WidgetType) else widget_type
+    schema = part_schema(parts).extend(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.ensure_list(
                 cv.maybe_simple_value(
                     {
-                        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(widget_type),
+                        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(w_type),
                     },
                     key=CONF_ID,
                 )
@@ -314,11 +351,9 @@ def base_update_schema(widget_type, parts):
         }
     )
 
-
-def create_modify_schema(widget_type):
-    return base_update_schema(widget_type.w_type, widget_type.parts).extend(
-        widget_type.modify_schema
-    )
+    if isinstance(widget_type, WidgetType):
+        schema.add_extra(_update_widget(widget_type))
+    return schema
 
 
 def obj_schema(widget_type: WidgetType):
@@ -422,7 +457,10 @@ def any_widget_schema(extras=None):
     def validator(value):
         if isinstance(value, dict):
             # Convert to list
+            is_dict = True
             value = [{k: v} for k, v in value.items()]
+        else:
+            is_dict = False
         if not isinstance(value, list):
             raise cv.Invalid("Expected a list of widgets")
         result = []
@@ -443,7 +481,9 @@ def any_widget_schema(extras=None):
                 )
             # Apply custom validation
             value = widget_type.validate(value or {})
-            result.append({key: container_validator(value)})
+            path = [key] if is_dict else [index, key]
+            with prepend_path(path):
+                result.append({key: container_validator(value)})
         return result
 
     return validator

esphome/components/lvgl/types.py

@@ -152,18 +152,18 @@ class WidgetType:
 
         # Local import to avoid circular import
         from .automation import update_to_code
-        from .schemas import WIDGET_TYPES, create_modify_schema
+        from .schemas import WIDGET_TYPES, base_update_schema
 
         if not is_mock:
             if self.name in WIDGET_TYPES:
                 raise EsphomeError(f"Duplicate definition of widget type '{self.name}'")
             WIDGET_TYPES[self.name] = self
 
-            # Register the update action automatically
+            # Register the update action automatically, adding widget-specific properties
             register_action(
                 f"lvgl.{self.name}.update",
                 ObjUpdateAction,
-                create_modify_schema(self),
+                base_update_schema(self, self.parts).extend(self.modify_schema),
             )(update_to_code)
 
     @property
@@ -182,7 +182,6 @@ class WidgetType:
         Generate code for a given widget
         :param w: The widget
         :param config: Its configuration
-        :return: Generated code as a list of text lines
         """
 
     async def obj_creator(self, parent: MockObjClass, config: dict):
@@ -228,6 +227,15 @@ class WidgetType:
         """
         return value
 
+    def final_validate(self, widget, update_config, widget_config, path):
+        """
+        Allow final validation for a given widget type update action
+        :param widget: A widget
+        :param update_config: The configuration for the update action
+        :param widget_config: The configuration for the widget itself
+        :param path: The path to the widget, for error reporting
+        """
+
 
 class NumberType(WidgetType):
     def get_max(self, config: dict):

esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/__init__.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from ..defines import (
     CONF_MAIN,
     CONF_PAD_COLUMN,
     CONF_PAD_ROW,
-    CONF_SCROLLBAR_MODE,
     CONF_STYLES,
     CONF_WIDGETS,
     OBJ_FLAGS,
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ from ..lvcode import (
     lv_obj,
     lv_Pvariable,
 )
-from ..schemas import ALL_STYLES, STYLE_REMAP, WIDGET_TYPES
+from ..schemas import ALL_STYLES, OBJ_PROPERTIES, STYLE_REMAP, WIDGET_TYPES
 from ..types import LV_STATE, LvType, WidgetType, lv_coord_t, lv_obj_t, lv_obj_t_ptr
 
 EVENT_LAMB = "event_lamb__"
@@ -383,7 +382,7 @@ async def set_obj_properties(w: Widget, config):
         clrs = join_enums(flag_clr, "LV_OBJ_FLAG_")
         w.clear_flag(clrs)
     for key, value in lambs.items():
-        lamb = await cg.process_lambda(value, [], return_type=cg.bool_)
+        lamb = await cg.process_lambda(value, [], capture="=", return_type=cg.bool_)
         flag = f"LV_OBJ_FLAG_{key.upper()}"
         with LvConditional(call_lambda(lamb)) as cond:
             w.add_flag(flag)
@@ -408,13 +407,14 @@ async def set_obj_properties(w: Widget, config):
             clears = join_enums(clears, "LV_STATE_")
             w.clear_state(clears)
         for key, value in lambs.items():
-            lamb = await cg.process_lambda(value, [], return_type=cg.bool_)
+            lamb = await cg.process_lambda(value, [], capture="=", return_type=cg.bool_)
             state = f"LV_STATE_{key.upper()}"
             with LvConditional(call_lambda(lamb)) as cond:
                 w.add_state(state)
                 cond.else_()
                 w.clear_state(state)
-    await w.set_property(CONF_SCROLLBAR_MODE, config, lv_name="obj")
+    for property in OBJ_PROPERTIES:
+        await w.set_property(property, config, lv_name="obj")
 
 
 async def add_widgets(parent: Widget, config: dict):

esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/button.py

@@ -1,20 +1,52 @@
-from esphome.const import CONF_BUTTON
+from esphome import config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_BUTTON, CONF_TEXT
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
 
-from ..defines import CONF_MAIN
+from ..defines import CONF_MAIN, CONF_WIDGETS
+from ..helpers import add_lv_use
+from ..lv_validation import lv_text
+from ..lvcode import lv, lv_expr
+from ..schemas import TEXT_SCHEMA
 from ..types import LvBoolean, WidgetType
+from . import Widget
+from .label import label_spec
 
 lv_button_t = LvBoolean("lv_btn_t")
 
 
 class ButtonType(WidgetType):
     def __init__(self):
-        super().__init__(CONF_BUTTON, lv_button_t, (CONF_MAIN,), lv_name="btn")
+        super().__init__(
+            CONF_BUTTON, lv_button_t, (CONF_MAIN,), schema=TEXT_SCHEMA, lv_name="btn"
+        )
+
+    def validate(self, value):
+        if CONF_TEXT in value:
+            if CONF_WIDGETS in value:
+                raise cv.Invalid("Cannot use both text and widgets in a button")
+            add_lv_use("label")
+        return value
 
     def get_uses(self):
         return ("btn",)
 
-    async def to_code(self, w, config):
-        return []
+    def on_create(self, var: MockObj, config: dict):
+        if CONF_TEXT in config:
+            lv.label_create(var)
+        return var
+
+    async def to_code(self, w: Widget, config):
+        if text := config.get(CONF_TEXT):
+            label_widget = Widget.create(
+                None, lv_expr.obj_get_child(w.obj, 0), label_spec
+            )
+            await label_widget.set_property(CONF_TEXT, await lv_text.process(text))
+
+    def final_validate(self, widget, update_config, widget_config, path):
+        if CONF_TEXT in update_config and CONF_TEXT not in widget_config:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                "Button must have 'text:' configured to allow updating text", path
+            )
 
 
 button_spec = ButtonType()

esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/line.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from esphome.core import Lambda
 from ..defines import CONF_MAIN, call_lambda
 from ..lvcode import lv_add
 from ..schemas import point_schema
-from ..types import LvCompound, LvType
+from ..types import LvCompound, LvType, lv_coord_t
 from . import Widget, WidgetType
 
 CONF_LINE = "line"
@@ -23,9 +23,7 @@ LINE_SCHEMA = {
 
 async def process_coord(coord):
     if isinstance(coord, Lambda):
-        coord = call_lambda(
-            await cg.process_lambda(coord, [], return_type="lv_coord_t")
-        )
+        coord = call_lambda(await cg.process_lambda(coord, [], return_type=lv_coord_t))
         if not coord.endswith("()"):
             coord = f"static_cast<lv_coord_t>({coord})"
         return cg.RawExpression(coord)

esphome/components/packages/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 
 from esphome import git, yaml_util
@@ -20,18 +21,41 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import EsphomeError
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 DOMAIN = CONF_PACKAGES
 
 
-def validate_git_package(config: dict):
-    if CONF_URL not in config:
-        return config
-    config = BASE_SCHEMA(config)
-    new_config = config
+def valid_package_contents(package_config: dict):
+    """Validates that a package_config that will be merged looks as much as possible to a valid config
+    to fail early on obvious mistakes."""
+    if isinstance(package_config, dict):
+        if CONF_URL in package_config:
+            # If a URL key is found, then make sure the config conforms to a remote package schema:
+            return REMOTE_PACKAGE_SCHEMA(package_config)
+
+        # Validate manually since Voluptuous would regenerate dicts and lose metadata
+        # such as ESPHomeDataBase
+        for k, v in package_config.items():
+            if not isinstance(k, str):
+                raise cv.Invalid("Package content keys must be strings")
+            if isinstance(v, (dict, list)):
+                continue  # e.g. script: [] or logger: {level: debug}
+            if v is None:
+                continue  # e.g. web_server:
+            raise cv.Invalid("Invalid component content in package definition")
+        return package_config
+
+    raise cv.Invalid("Package contents must be a dict")
+
+
+def expand_file_to_files(config: dict):
     if CONF_FILE in config:
+        new_config = config
         new_config[CONF_FILES] = [config[CONF_FILE]]
         del new_config[CONF_FILE]
-    return new_config
+        return new_config
+    return config
 
 
 def validate_yaml_filename(value):
@@ -45,7 +69,7 @@ def validate_yaml_filename(value):
 
 def validate_source_shorthand(value):
     if not isinstance(value, str):
-        raise cv.Invalid("Shorthand only for strings")
+        raise cv.Invalid("Git URL shorthand only for strings")
 
     git_file = git.GitFile.from_shorthand(value)
 
@@ -56,10 +80,17 @@ def validate_source_shorthand(value):
     if git_file.ref:
         conf[CONF_REF] = git_file.ref
 
-    return BASE_SCHEMA(conf)
+    return REMOTE_PACKAGE_SCHEMA(conf)
 
 
-BASE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+def deprecate_single_package(config):
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "Including a single package under `packages:` is deprecated. Use a list instead."
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+REMOTE_PACKAGE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Required(CONF_URL): cv.url,
@@ -90,23 +121,30 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ),
     cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_FILE, CONF_FILES),
+    expand_file_to_files,
 )
 
-PACKAGE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    cv.Any(validate_source_shorthand, BASE_SCHEMA, dict), validate_git_package
+PACKAGE_SCHEMA = cv.Any(  # A package definition is either:
+    validate_source_shorthand,  # A git URL shorthand string that expands to a remote package schema, or
+    REMOTE_PACKAGE_SCHEMA,  # a valid remote package schema, or
+    valid_package_contents,  # Something that at least looks like an actual package, e.g. {wifi:{ssid: xxx}}
+    # which will have to be fully validated later as per each component's schema.
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Any(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Any(  # under `packages:` we can have either:
     cv.Schema(
         {
-            str: PACKAGE_SCHEMA,
+            str: PACKAGE_SCHEMA,  # a named dict of package definitions, or
         }
     ),
-    [PACKAGE_SCHEMA],
+    [PACKAGE_SCHEMA],  # a list of package definitions, or
+    cv.All(  # a single package definition (deprecated)
+        cv.ensure_list(PACKAGE_SCHEMA), deprecate_single_package
+    ),
 )
 
 
-def _process_base_package(config: dict, skip_update: bool = False) -> dict:
+def _process_remote_package(config: dict, skip_update: bool = False) -> dict:
     # When skip_update is True, use NEVER_REFRESH to prevent updates
     actual_refresh = git.NEVER_REFRESH if skip_update else config[CONF_REFRESH]
     repo_dir, revert = git.clone_or_update(
@@ -185,7 +223,7 @@ def _process_base_package(config: dict, skip_update: bool = False) -> dict:
 def _process_package(package_config, config, skip_update: bool = False):
     recursive_package = package_config
     if CONF_URL in package_config:
-        package_config = _process_base_package(package_config, skip_update)
+        package_config = _process_remote_package(package_config, skip_update)
     if isinstance(package_config, dict):
         recursive_package = do_packages_pass(package_config, skip_update)
     return merge_config(recursive_package, config)

esphome/components/prometheus/prometheus_handler.cpp

@@ -141,6 +141,24 @@ void PrometheusHandler::add_friendly_name_label_(AsyncResponseStream *stream, st
   }
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+void PrometheusHandler::print_metric_labels_(AsyncResponseStream *stream, const __FlashStringHelper *metric_name,
+                                             EntityBase *obj, std::string &area, std::string &node,
+                                             std::string &friendly_name) {
+#else
+void PrometheusHandler::print_metric_labels_(AsyncResponseStream *stream, const char *metric_name, EntityBase *obj,
+                                             std::string &area, std::string &node, std::string &friendly_name) {
+#endif
+  stream->print(metric_name);
+  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("{id=\""));
+  stream->print(relabel_id_(obj).c_str());
+  add_area_label_(stream, area);
+  add_node_label_(stream, node);
+  add_friendly_name_label_(stream, friendly_name);
+  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",name=\""));
+  stream->print(relabel_name_(obj).c_str());
+}
+
 // Type-specific implementation
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
 void PrometheusHandler::sensor_type_(AsyncResponseStream *stream) {
@@ -303,13 +321,7 @@ void PrometheusHandler::light_row_(AsyncResponseStream *stream, light::LightStat
   if (obj->is_internal() && !this->include_internal_)
     return;
   // State
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_state{id=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_id_(obj).c_str());
-  add_area_label_(stream, area);
-  add_node_label_(stream, node);
-  add_friendly_name_label_(stream, friendly_name);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",name=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_name_(obj).c_str());
+  print_metric_labels_(stream, ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_state"), obj, area, node, friendly_name);
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\"} "));
   stream->print(obj->remote_values.is_on());
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
@@ -318,78 +330,45 @@ void PrometheusHandler::light_row_(AsyncResponseStream *stream, light::LightStat
   float brightness, r, g, b, w;
   color.as_brightness(&brightness);
   color.as_rgbw(&r, &g, &b, &w);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_color{id=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_id_(obj).c_str());
-  add_area_label_(stream, area);
-  add_node_label_(stream, node);
-  add_friendly_name_label_(stream, friendly_name);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",name=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_name_(obj).c_str());
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",channel=\"brightness\"} "));
-  stream->print(brightness);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_color{id=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_id_(obj).c_str());
-  add_area_label_(stream, area);
-  add_node_label_(stream, node);
-  add_friendly_name_label_(stream, friendly_name);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",name=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_name_(obj).c_str());
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",channel=\"r\"} "));
-  stream->print(r);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_color{id=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_id_(obj).c_str());
-  add_area_label_(stream, area);
-  add_node_label_(stream, node);
-  add_friendly_name_label_(stream, friendly_name);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",name=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_name_(obj).c_str());
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",channel=\"g\"} "));
-  stream->print(g);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_color{id=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_id_(obj).c_str());
-  add_area_label_(stream, area);
-  add_node_label_(stream, node);
-  add_friendly_name_label_(stream, friendly_name);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",name=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_name_(obj).c_str());
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",channel=\"b\"} "));
-  stream->print(b);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_color{id=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_id_(obj).c_str());
-  add_area_label_(stream, area);
-  add_node_label_(stream, node);
-  add_friendly_name_label_(stream, friendly_name);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",name=\""));
-  stream->print(relabel_name_(obj).c_str());
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",channel=\"w\"} "));
-  stream->print(w);
-  stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
-  // Effect
-  std::string effect = obj->get_effect_name();
-  if (effect == "None") {
-    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_effect_active{id=\""));
-    stream->print(relabel_id_(obj).c_str());
-    add_area_label_(stream, area);
-    add_node_label_(stream, node);
-    add_friendly_name_label_(stream, friendly_name);
-    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",name=\""));
-    stream->print(relabel_name_(obj).c_str());
-    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",effect=\"None\"} 0\n"));
-  } else {
-    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_effect_active{id=\""));
-    stream->print(relabel_id_(obj).c_str());
-    add_area_label_(stream, area);
-    add_node_label_(stream, node);
-    add_friendly_name_label_(stream, friendly_name);
-    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",name=\""));
-    stream->print(relabel_name_(obj).c_str());
+  if (obj->get_traits().supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::BRIGHTNESS)) {
+    print_metric_labels_(stream, ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_color"), obj, area, node, friendly_name);
+    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",channel=\"brightness\"} "));
+    stream->print(brightness);
+    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
+  }
+  if (obj->get_traits().supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::RGB)) {
+    print_metric_labels_(stream, ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_color"), obj, area, node, friendly_name);
+    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",channel=\"r\"} "));
+    stream->print(r);
+    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
+    print_metric_labels_(stream, ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_color"), obj, area, node, friendly_name);
+    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",channel=\"g\"} "));
+    stream->print(g);
+    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
+    print_metric_labels_(stream, ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_color"), obj, area, node, friendly_name);
+    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",channel=\"b\"} "));
+    stream->print(b);
+    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
+  }
+  if (obj->get_traits().supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::WHITE)) {
+    print_metric_labels_(stream, ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_color"), obj, area, node, friendly_name);
+    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",channel=\"w\"} "));
+    stream->print(w);
+    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\n"));
+  }
+  // Skip effect metrics if light has no effects
+  if (!obj->get_effects().empty()) {
+    // Effect
+    std::string effect = obj->get_effect_name();
+    print_metric_labels_(stream, ESPHOME_F("esphome_light_effect_active"), obj, area, node, friendly_name);
     stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",effect=\""));
-    stream->print(effect.c_str());
-    stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\"} 1\n"));
+    // Only vary based on effect
+    if (effect == "None") {
+      stream->print(ESPHOME_F("None\"} 0\n"));
+    } else {
+      stream->print(effect.c_str());
+      stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\"} 1\n"));
+    }
   }
 }
 #endif

esphome/components/prometheus/prometheus_handler.h

@@ -66,6 +66,14 @@ class PrometheusHandler : public AsyncWebHandler, public Component {
   void add_area_label_(AsyncResponseStream *stream, std::string &area);
   void add_node_label_(AsyncResponseStream *stream, std::string &node);
   void add_friendly_name_label_(AsyncResponseStream *stream, std::string &friendly_name);
+  /// Print metric name and common labels (id, area, node, friendly_name, name)
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266
+  void print_metric_labels_(AsyncResponseStream *stream, const __FlashStringHelper *metric_name, EntityBase *obj,
+                            std::string &area, std::string &node, std::string &friendly_name);
+#else
+  void print_metric_labels_(AsyncResponseStream *stream, const char *metric_name, EntityBase *obj, std::string &area,
+                            std::string &node, std::string &friendly_name);
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   /// Return the type for prometheus

esphome/components/pvvx_mithermometer/display/pvvx_display.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ void PVVXDisplay::dump_config() {
                 "  Service UUID          : %s\n"
                 "  Characteristic UUID   : %s\n"
                 "  Auto clear            : %s",
-                this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
+                this->parent_->address_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
                 this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), YESNO(this->auto_clear_enabled_));
 #ifdef USE_TIME
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Set time on connection: %s", YESNO(this->time_ != nullptr));
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ void PVVXDisplay::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t
   switch (event) {
     case ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT:
       if (param->open.status == ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Connected successfully!", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Connected successfully!", this->parent_->address_str());
         this->delayed_disconnect_();
       }
       break;
     case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT:
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Disconnected", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Disconnected", this->parent_->address_str());
       this->connection_established_ = false;
       this->cancel_timeout("disconnect");
       this->char_handle_ = 0;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void PVVXDisplay::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t
     case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
       auto *chr = this->parent_->get_characteristic(this->service_uuid_, this->char_uuid_);
       if (chr == nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Characteristic not found.", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Characteristic not found.", this->parent_->address_str());
         break;
       }
       this->connection_established_ = true;
@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ void PVVXDisplay::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb
         return;
 
       if (param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success) {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Authentication successful, performing writes.", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Authentication successful, performing writes.", this->parent_->address_str());
         // Now that pairing is complete, perform the pending writes
         this->sync_time_and_display_();
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Authentication failed.", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Authentication failed.", this->parent_->address_str());
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -89,22 +89,20 @@ void PVVXDisplay::update() {
 
 void PVVXDisplay::display() {
   if (!this->parent_->enabled) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] BLE client not enabled.  Init connection.", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] BLE client not enabled.  Init connection.", this->parent_->address_str());
     this->parent_->set_enabled(true);
     return;
   }
   if (!this->connection_established_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Not connected to BLE client.  State update can not be written.",
-             this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Not connected to BLE client.  State update can not be written.", this->parent_->address_str());
     return;
   }
   if (!this->char_handle_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] No ble handle to BLE client.  State update can not be written.",
-             this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] No ble handle to BLE client.  State update can not be written.", this->parent_->address_str());
     return;
   }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Send to display: bignum %d, smallnum: %d, cfg: 0x%02x, validity period: %u.",
-           this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), this->bignum_, this->smallnum_, this->cfg_, this->validity_period_);
+           this->parent_->address_str(), this->bignum_, this->smallnum_, this->cfg_, this->validity_period_);
   uint8_t blk[8] = {};
   blk[0] = 0x22;
   blk[1] = this->bignum_ & 0xff;
@@ -128,16 +126,16 @@ void PVVXDisplay::setcfgbit_(uint8_t bit, bool value) {
 
 void PVVXDisplay::send_to_setup_char_(uint8_t *blk, size_t size) {
   if (!this->connection_established_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Not connected to BLE client.", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Not connected to BLE client.", this->parent_->address_str());
     return;
   }
   auto status =
       esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_, size,
                                blk, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
   if (status) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] send %u bytes", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), size);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] send %u bytes", this->parent_->address_str(), size);
     this->delayed_disconnect_();
   }
 }
@@ -161,21 +159,21 @@ void PVVXDisplay::sync_time_() {
   if (this->time_ == nullptr)
     return;
   if (!this->connection_established_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Not connected to BLE client.  Time can not be synced.", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Not connected to BLE client.  Time can not be synced.", this->parent_->address_str());
     return;
   }
   if (!this->char_handle_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] No ble handle to BLE client.  Time can not be synced.", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] No ble handle to BLE client.  Time can not be synced.", this->parent_->address_str());
     return;
   }
   auto time = this->time_->now();
   if (!time.is_valid()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Time is not yet valid.  Time can not be synced.", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Time is not yet valid.  Time can not be synced.", this->parent_->address_str());
     return;
   }
   time.recalc_timestamp_utc(true);  // calculate timestamp of local time
   uint8_t blk[5] = {};
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Sync time with timestamp %" PRIu64 ".", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), time.timestamp);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] Sync time with timestamp %" PRIu64 ".", this->parent_->address_str(), time.timestamp);
   blk[0] = 0x23;
   blk[1] = time.timestamp & 0xff;
   blk[2] = (time.timestamp >> 8) & 0xff;

esphome/components/script/script.h

@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class Script : public ScriptLogger, public Trigger<Ts..
 
   // execute this script using a tuple that contains the arguments
   void execute_tuple(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple) {
-    this->execute_tuple_(tuple, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
+    this->execute_tuple_(tuple, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
   }
 
   // Internal function to give scripts readable names.
   void set_name(const LogString *name) { name_ = name; }
 
  protected:
-  template<int... S> void execute_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, seq<S...> /*unused*/) {
+  template<size_t... S> void execute_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, std::index_sequence<S...> /*unused*/) {
     this->execute(std::get<S>(tuple)...);
   }
 
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class QueueingScript : public Script<Ts...>, public Com
       const size_t queue_capacity = static_cast<size_t>(this->max_runs_ - 1);
       auto tuple_ptr = std::move(this->var_queue_[this->queue_front_]);
       this->queue_front_ = (this->queue_front_ + 1) % queue_capacity;
-      this->trigger_tuple_(*tuple_ptr, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
+      this->trigger_tuple_(*tuple_ptr, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
     }
   }
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class QueueingScript : public Script<Ts...>, public Com
     }
   }
 
-  template<int... S> void trigger_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, seq<S...> /*unused*/) {
+  template<size_t... S> void trigger_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, std::index_sequence<S...> /*unused*/) {
     this->trigger(std::get<S>(tuple)...);
   }
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ template<class C, typename... Ts> class ScriptWaitAction : public Action<Ts...>,
     // play_next_() can trigger more items to be queued
     if (!this->param_queue_.empty()) {
       auto &params = this->param_queue_.front();
-      this->play_next_tuple_(params, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
+      this->play_next_tuple_(params, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
       this->param_queue_.pop_front();
     } else {
       // Queue is now empty - disable loop until next play_complex
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ template<class C, typename... Ts> class ScriptWaitAction : public Action<Ts...>,
   }
 
  protected:
-  template<int... S> void play_next_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, seq<S...> /*unused*/) {
+  template<size_t... S> void play_next_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, std::index_sequence<S...> /*unused*/) {
     this->play_next_(std::get<S>(tuple)...);
   }
 

esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp

@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ void ThermostatClimate::trigger_supplemental_action_() {
 
 void ThermostatClimate::switch_to_humidity_control_action_(HumidificationAction action) {
   // setup_complete_ helps us ensure an action is called immediately after boot
-  if ((action == this->humidification_action_) && this->setup_complete_) {
+  if ((action == this->humidification_action) && this->setup_complete_) {
     // already in target mode
     return;
   }
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ void ThermostatClimate::switch_to_humidity_control_action_(HumidificationAction
     this->prev_humidity_control_trigger_->stop_action();
     this->prev_humidity_control_trigger_ = nullptr;
   }
-  this->humidification_action_ = action;
+  this->humidification_action = action;
   this->prev_humidity_control_trigger_ = trig;
   if (trig != nullptr) {
     trig->trigger();
@@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ bool ThermostatClimate::dehumidification_required_() {
   }
   // if we get here, the current humidity is between target + hysteresis and target - hysteresis,
   //  so the action should not change
-  return this->humidification_action_ == THERMOSTAT_HUMIDITY_CONTROL_ACTION_DEHUMIDIFY;
+  return this->humidification_action == THERMOSTAT_HUMIDITY_CONTROL_ACTION_DEHUMIDIFY;
 }
 
 bool ThermostatClimate::humidification_required_() {
@@ -1127,7 +1127,7 @@ bool ThermostatClimate::humidification_required_() {
   }
   // if we get here, the current humidity is between target - hysteresis and target + hysteresis,
   //  so the action should not change
-  return this->humidification_action_ == THERMOSTAT_HUMIDITY_CONTROL_ACTION_HUMIDIFY;
+  return this->humidification_action == THERMOSTAT_HUMIDITY_CONTROL_ACTION_HUMIDIFY;
 }
 
 void ThermostatClimate::dump_preset_config_(const char *preset_name, const ThermostatClimateTargetTempConfig &config) {

esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.h

@@ -207,6 +207,9 @@ class ThermostatClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
   void validate_target_temperature_high();
   void validate_target_humidity();
 
+  /// The current humidification action
+  HumidificationAction humidification_action{THERMOSTAT_HUMIDITY_CONTROL_ACTION_NONE};
+
  protected:
   /// Override control to change settings of the climate device.
   void control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) override;
@@ -301,9 +304,6 @@ class ThermostatClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
   /// The current supplemental action
   climate::ClimateAction supplemental_action_{climate::CLIMATE_ACTION_OFF};
 
-  /// The current humidification action
-  HumidificationAction humidification_action_{THERMOSTAT_HUMIDITY_CONTROL_ACTION_NONE};
-
   /// Default standard preset to use on start up
   climate::ClimatePreset default_preset_{};
 

esphome/core/automation.h

@@ -11,10 +11,26 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 
+// C++20 std::index_sequence is now used for tuple unpacking
+// Legacy seq<>/gens<> pattern deprecated but kept for backwards compatibility
 // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7858817/unpacking-a-tuple-to-call-a-matching-function-pointer/7858971#7858971
-template<int...> struct seq {};                                       // NOLINT
-template<int N, int... S> struct gens : gens<N - 1, N - 1, S...> {};  // NOLINT
-template<int... S> struct gens<0, S...> { using type = seq<S...>; };  // NOLINT
+// Remove before 2026.6.0
+// NOLINTBEGIN(readability-identifier-naming)
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+#endif
+
+template<int...> struct ESPDEPRECATED("Use std::index_sequence instead. Removed in 2026.6.0", "2025.12.0") seq {};
+template<int N, int... S>
+struct ESPDEPRECATED("Use std::make_index_sequence instead. Removed in 2026.6.0", "2025.12.0") gens
+    : gens<N - 1, N - 1, S...> {};
+template<int... S> struct gens<0, S...> { using type = seq<S...>; };
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+// NOLINTEND(readability-identifier-naming)
 
 #define TEMPLATABLE_VALUE_(type, name) \
  protected: \
@@ -152,11 +168,11 @@ template<typename... Ts> class Condition {
 
   /// Call check with a tuple of values as parameter.
   bool check_tuple(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple) {
-    return this->check_tuple_(tuple, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
+    return this->check_tuple_(tuple, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
   }
 
  protected:
-  template<int... S> bool check_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, seq<S...> /*unused*/) {
+  template<size_t... S> bool check_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, std::index_sequence<S...> /*unused*/) {
     return this->check(std::get<S>(tuple)...);
   }
 };
@@ -231,11 +247,11 @@ template<typename... Ts> class Action {
       }
     }
   }
-  template<int... S> void play_next_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, seq<S...> /*unused*/) {
+  template<size_t... S> void play_next_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, std::index_sequence<S...> /*unused*/) {
     this->play_next_(std::get<S>(tuple)...);
   }
   void play_next_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple) {
-    this->play_next_tuple_(tuple, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
+    this->play_next_tuple_(tuple, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
   }
 
   virtual void stop() {}
@@ -277,7 +293,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ActionList {
     if (this->actions_begin_ != nullptr)
       this->actions_begin_->play_complex(x...);
   }
-  void play_tuple(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple) { this->play_tuple_(tuple, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type()); }
+  void play_tuple(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple) {
+    this->play_tuple_(tuple, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+  }
   void stop() {
     if (this->actions_begin_ != nullptr)
       this->actions_begin_->stop_complex();
@@ -298,7 +316,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ActionList {
   }
 
  protected:
-  template<int... S> void play_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, seq<S...> /*unused*/) {
+  template<size_t... S> void play_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, std::index_sequence<S...> /*unused*/) {
     this->play(std::get<S>(tuple)...);
   }
 

esphome/cpp_generator.py

@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ async def get_variable_with_full_id(id_: ID) -> tuple[ID, "MockObj"]:
 async def process_lambda(
     value: Lambda,
     parameters: TemplateArgsType,
-    capture: str = "=",
+    capture: str = "",
     return_type: SafeExpType = None,
 ) -> LambdaExpression | None:
     """Process the given lambda value into a LambdaExpression.
@@ -702,12 +702,6 @@ async def process_lambda(
             parts[i * 3 + 1] = var
         parts[i * 3 + 2] = ""
 
-    # All id() references are global variables in generated C++ code.
-    # Global variables should not be captured - they're accessible everywhere.
-    # Use empty capture instead of capture-by-value.
-    if capture == "=":
-        capture = ""
-
     if isinstance(value, ESPHomeDataBase) and value.esp_range is not None:
         location = value.esp_range.start_mark
         location.line += value.content_offset

esphome/writer.py

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable
 import importlib
 import logging
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
+import shutil
+import stat
+from types import TracebackType
 
 from esphome import loader
 from esphome.config import iter_component_configs, iter_components
@@ -301,9 +305,24 @@ def clean_cmake_cache():
             pioenvs_cmake_path.unlink()
 
 
-def clean_build(clear_pio_cache: bool = True):
-    import shutil
+def _rmtree_error_handler(
+    func: Callable[[str], object],
+    path: str,
+    exc_info: tuple[type[BaseException], BaseException, TracebackType | None],
+) -> None:
+    """Error handler for shutil.rmtree to handle read-only files on Windows.
 
+    On Windows, git pack files and other files may be marked read-only,
+    causing shutil.rmtree to fail with "Access is denied". This handler
+    removes the read-only flag and retries the deletion.
+    """
+    if os.access(path, os.W_OK):
+        raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
+    os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IRUSR)
+    func(path)
+
+
+def clean_build(clear_pio_cache: bool = True):
     # Allow skipping cache cleaning for integration tests
     if os.environ.get("ESPHOME_SKIP_CLEAN_BUILD"):
         _LOGGER.warning("Skipping build cleaning (ESPHOME_SKIP_CLEAN_BUILD set)")
@@ -312,11 +331,11 @@ def clean_build(clear_pio_cache: bool = True):
     pioenvs = CORE.relative_pioenvs_path()
     if pioenvs.is_dir():
         _LOGGER.info("Deleting %s", pioenvs)
-        shutil.rmtree(pioenvs)
+        shutil.rmtree(pioenvs, onerror=_rmtree_error_handler)
     piolibdeps = CORE.relative_piolibdeps_path()
     if piolibdeps.is_dir():
         _LOGGER.info("Deleting %s", piolibdeps)
-        shutil.rmtree(piolibdeps)
+        shutil.rmtree(piolibdeps, onerror=_rmtree_error_handler)
     dependencies_lock = CORE.relative_build_path("dependencies.lock")
     if dependencies_lock.is_file():
         _LOGGER.info("Deleting %s", dependencies_lock)
@@ -337,12 +356,10 @@ def clean_build(clear_pio_cache: bool = True):
         cache_dir = Path(config.get("platformio", "cache_dir"))
         if cache_dir.is_dir():
             _LOGGER.info("Deleting PlatformIO cache %s", cache_dir)
-            shutil.rmtree(cache_dir)
+            shutil.rmtree(cache_dir, onerror=_rmtree_error_handler)
 
 
 def clean_all(configuration: list[str]):
-    import shutil
-
     data_dirs = []
     for config in configuration:
         item = Path(config)
@@ -364,7 +381,7 @@ def clean_all(configuration: list[str]):
                 if item.is_file() and not item.name.endswith(".json"):
                     item.unlink()
                 elif item.is_dir() and item.name != "storage":
-                    shutil.rmtree(item)
+                    shutil.rmtree(item, onerror=_rmtree_error_handler)
 
     # Clean PlatformIO project files
     try:
@@ -378,7 +395,7 @@ def clean_all(configuration: list[str]):
             path = Path(config.get("platformio", pio_dir))
             if path.is_dir():
                 _LOGGER.info("Deleting PlatformIO %s %s", pio_dir, path)
-                shutil.rmtree(path)
+                shutil.rmtree(path, onerror=_rmtree_error_handler)
 
 
 GITIGNORE_CONTENT = """# Gitignore settings for ESPHome

tests/component_tests/packages/test_packages.py

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def test_package_invalid_dict(basic_esphome, basic_wifi):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "package",
+    "packages",
     [
         {"package1": "github://esphome/non-existant-repo/file1.yml@main"},
         {"package2": "github://esphome/non-existant-repo/file1.yml"},
@@ -107,12 +107,12 @@ def test_package_invalid_dict(basic_esphome, basic_wifi):
         ],
     ],
 )
-def test_package_shorthand(package):
-    CONFIG_SCHEMA(package)
+def test_package_shorthand(packages):
+    CONFIG_SCHEMA(packages)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "package",
+    "packages",
     [
         # not github
         {"package1": "someplace://esphome/non-existant-repo/file1.yml@main"},
@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ def test_package_shorthand(package):
         [3],
     ],
 )
-def test_package_invalid(package):
+def test_package_invalid(packages):
     with pytest.raises(cv.Invalid):
-        CONFIG_SCHEMA(package)
+        CONFIG_SCHEMA(packages)
 
 
 def test_package_include(basic_wifi, basic_esphome):
@@ -155,6 +155,33 @@ def test_package_include(basic_wifi, basic_esphome):
     assert actual == expected
 
 
+def test_single_package(
+    basic_esphome,
+    basic_wifi,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+):
+    """
+    Tests the simple case where a single package is added to the top-level config as is.
+    In this test, the CONF_WIFI config is expected to be simply added to the top-level config.
+    This tests the case where the user just put packages: !include package.yaml, not
+    part of a list or mapping of packages.
+    This behavior is deprecated, the test also checks if a warning is issued.
+    """
+    config = {CONF_ESPHOME: basic_esphome, CONF_PACKAGES: {CONF_WIFI: basic_wifi}}
+
+    expected = {CONF_ESPHOME: basic_esphome, CONF_WIFI: basic_wifi}
+
+    with caplog.at_level("WARNING"):
+        actual = packages_pass(config)
+
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    assert (
+        "Including a single package under `packages:` is deprecated. Use a list instead."
+        in caplog.text
+    )
+
+
 def test_package_append(basic_wifi, basic_esphome):
     """
     Tests the case where a key is present in both a package and top-level config.

tests/components/epaper_spi/test.esp32-s3-idf.yaml

@@ -19,3 +19,8 @@ display:
 
   - platform: epaper_spi
     model: seeed-reterminal-e1002
+  - platform: epaper_spi
+    model: seeed-ee04-mono-4.26
+    # Override pins to avoid conflict with other display configs
+    busy_pin: 43
+    dc_pin: 42

tests/components/esp32/test.esp32-p4-idf.yaml

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ esp32:
   cpu_frequency: 400MHz
   framework:
     type: esp-idf
+    components:
+      - espressif/mdns^1.8.2
+      - name: espressif/esp_hosted
+        ref: 2.6.6
     advanced:
       enable_idf_experimental_features: yes
 

tests/components/lvgl/lvgl-package.yaml

@@ -16,6 +16,18 @@ binary_sensor:
     platform: template
   - id: left_sensor
     platform: template
+  - platform: lvgl
+    id: button_checker
+    name: LVGL button
+    widget: button_button
+    on_state:
+      then:
+        - lvgl.checkbox.update:
+            id: checkbox_id
+            state:
+              checked: !lambda |-
+                  auto y = x; // block inlining of one line return
+                  return y;
 
 lvgl:
   log_level: debug
@@ -414,6 +426,14 @@ lvgl:
                         logger.log: Long pressed repeated
               - buttons:
                   - id: button_e
+        - button:
+            id: button_with_text
+            text: Button
+            on_click:
+              lvgl.button.update:
+                id: button_with_text
+                text: Clicked
+
         - button:
             layout: 2x1
             id: button_button
@@ -537,6 +557,9 @@ lvgl:
         - tileview:
             id: tileview_id
             scrollbar_mode: active
+            scroll_dir: all
+            scroll_elastic: true
+            scroll_momentum: true
             on_value:
               then:
                 - if:
@@ -546,7 +569,10 @@ lvgl:
                       - logger.log: "tile 1 is now showing"
             tiles:
               - id: tile_1
+                scroll_snap_y: center
+                scroll_snap_x: start
                 layout: vertical
+                pad_all: 6px
                 row: 0
                 column: 0
                 dir: ALL
@@ -1044,6 +1070,7 @@ lvgl:
                                 opa: 0%
     - id: page3
       layout: Horizontal
+      pad_all: 6px
       widgets:
         - keyboard:
             id: lv_keyboard

tests/components/lvgl/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ display:
     update_interval: never
 
 lvgl:
+  update_when_display_idle: true
   displays:
     - tft_display
     - second_display

tests/components/prometheus/common.yaml

@@ -112,6 +112,25 @@ cover:
       }
       return COVER_CLOSED;
 
+light:
+  - platform: binary
+    name: "Binary Light"
+    output: test_output
+  - platform: monochromatic
+    name: "Brightness Light"
+    output: test_output
+  - platform: rgb
+    name: "RGB Light"
+    red: test_output
+    green: test_output
+    blue: test_output
+  - platform: rgbw
+    name: "RGBW Light"
+    red: test_output
+    green: test_output
+    blue: test_output
+    white: test_output
+
 lock:
   - platform: template
     id: template_lock1
@@ -122,6 +141,14 @@ lock:
       return LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED;
     optimistic: true
 
+output:
+  - platform: template
+    id: test_output
+    type: float
+    write_action:
+      - lambda: |-
+          // no-op for CI/build tests
+          (void)state;
 select:
   - platform: template
     id: template_select1

tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 """Test writer module functionality."""
 
 from collections.abc import Callable
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
+import stat
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
 
@@ -1062,3 +1064,109 @@ def test_clean_all_preserves_json_files(
     # Verify logging mentions cleaning
     assert "Cleaning" in caplog.text
     assert str(build_dir) in caplog.text
+
+
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+def test_clean_build_handles_readonly_files(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Test clean_build handles read-only files (e.g., git pack files on Windows)."""
+    # Create directory structure with read-only files
+    pioenvs_dir = tmp_path / ".pioenvs"
+    pioenvs_dir.mkdir()
+    git_dir = pioenvs_dir / ".git" / "objects" / "pack"
+    git_dir.mkdir(parents=True)
+
+    # Create a read-only file (simulating git pack files on Windows)
+    readonly_file = git_dir / "pack-abc123.pack"
+    readonly_file.write_text("pack data")
+    os.chmod(readonly_file, stat.S_IRUSR)  # Read-only
+
+    # Setup mocks
+    mock_core.relative_pioenvs_path.return_value = pioenvs_dir
+    mock_core.relative_piolibdeps_path.return_value = tmp_path / ".piolibdeps"
+    mock_core.relative_build_path.return_value = tmp_path / "dependencies.lock"
+
+    # Verify file is read-only
+    assert not os.access(readonly_file, os.W_OK)
+
+    # Call the function - should not crash
+    with caplog.at_level("INFO"):
+        clean_build()
+
+    # Verify directory was removed despite read-only files
+    assert not pioenvs_dir.exists()
+
+
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+def test_clean_all_handles_readonly_files(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """Test clean_all handles read-only files."""
+    from esphome.writer import clean_all
+
+    # Create config directory
+    config_dir = tmp_path / "config"
+    config_dir.mkdir()
+
+    build_dir = config_dir / ".esphome"
+    build_dir.mkdir()
+
+    # Create a subdirectory with read-only files
+    subdir = build_dir / "subdir"
+    subdir.mkdir()
+    readonly_file = subdir / "readonly.txt"
+    readonly_file.write_text("content")
+    os.chmod(readonly_file, stat.S_IRUSR)  # Read-only
+
+    # Verify file is read-only
+    assert not os.access(readonly_file, os.W_OK)
+
+    # Call the function - should not crash
+    with caplog.at_level("INFO"):
+        clean_all([str(config_dir)])
+
+    # Verify directory was removed despite read-only files
+    assert not subdir.exists()
+    assert build_dir.exists()  # .esphome dir itself is preserved
+
+
+@patch("esphome.writer.CORE")
+def test_clean_build_reraises_for_other_errors(
+    mock_core: MagicMock,
+    tmp_path: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Test clean_build re-raises errors that are not read-only permission issues."""
+    # Create directory structure with a read-only subdirectory
+    # This prevents file deletion and triggers the error handler
+    pioenvs_dir = tmp_path / ".pioenvs"
+    pioenvs_dir.mkdir()
+    subdir = pioenvs_dir / "subdir"
+    subdir.mkdir()
+    test_file = subdir / "test.txt"
+    test_file.write_text("content")
+
+    # Make subdir read-only so files inside can't be deleted
+    os.chmod(subdir, stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IXUSR)
+
+    # Setup mocks
+    mock_core.relative_pioenvs_path.return_value = pioenvs_dir
+    mock_core.relative_piolibdeps_path.return_value = tmp_path / ".piolibdeps"
+    mock_core.relative_build_path.return_value = tmp_path / "dependencies.lock"
+
+    try:
+        # Mock os.access in writer module to return True (writable)
+        # This simulates a case where the error is NOT due to read-only permissions
+        # so the error handler should re-raise instead of trying to fix permissions
+        with (
+            patch("esphome.writer.os.access", return_value=True),
+            pytest.raises(PermissionError),
+        ):
+            clean_build()
+    finally:
+        # Cleanup - restore write permission so tmp_path cleanup works
+        os.chmod(subdir, stat.S_IRWXU)