Merge pull request #8783 from esphome/bump-2025.5.0b1

2025.5.0b1

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -57,6 +57,17 @@ jobs:
               event: 'REQUEST_CHANGES',
               body: 'You have altered the generated proto files but they do not match what is expected.\nPlease run "script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py" and commit the changes.'
             })
+      - if: failure()
+        name: Show changes
+        run: git diff
+      - if: failure()
+        name: Archive artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: generated-proto-files
+          path: |
+            esphome/components/api/api_pb2.*
+            esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.*
       - if: success()
         name: Dismiss review
         uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -292,6 +292,11 @@ jobs:
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 IDF
             options: --environment esp32-idf-tidy --grep USE_ESP_IDF
             pio_cache_key: tidyesp32-idf
+          - id: clang-tidy
+            name: Run script/clang-tidy for ZEPHYR
+            options: --environment nrf52-tidy --grep USE_ZEPHYR
+            pio_cache_key: tidy-zephyr
+            ignore_errors: true
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
@@ -331,13 +336,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run clang-tidy
         run: |
           . venv/bin/activate
-          script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix ${{ matrix.options }}
+          script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix ${{ matrix.options }} ${{ matrix.ignore_errors && '|| true' || '' }}
         env:
           # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
           PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR: ~/.platformio/libdeps
 
       - name: Suggested changes
-        run: script/ci-suggest-changes
+        run: script/ci-suggest-changes ${{ matrix.ignore_errors && '|| true' || '' }}
         # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
         if: always()
 

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -231,3 +231,25 @@ jobs:
                 content: description
               }
             })
+
+  deploy-esphome-schema:
+    if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' && needs.init.outputs.branch_build == 'false'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - init
+      - deploy-manifest
+    steps:
+      - name: Trigger Workflow
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_ESPHOME_SCHEMA_REPO_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            github.rest.actions.createWorkflowDispatch({
+              owner: "esphome",
+              repo: "esphome-schema",
+              workflow_id: "generate-schemas.yml",
+              ref: "main",
+              inputs: {
+                version: "${{ needs.init.outputs.tag }}",
+              }
+            })

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.11.0
+    rev: v0.11.9
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ repos:
       - id: pyupgrade
         args: [--py39-plus]
   - repo: https://github.com/adrienverge/yamllint.git
-    rev: v1.35.1
+    rev: v1.37.1
     hooks:
       - id: yamllint
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format

CODEOWNERS

@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ esphome/components/microphone/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/mics_4514/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/midea/* @dudanov
 esphome/components/midea_ir/* @dudanov
+esphome/components/mipi_spi/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/mitsubishi/* @RubyBailey
 esphome/components/mixer/speaker/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/mlx90393/* @functionpointer
@@ -398,6 +399,7 @@ esphome/components/smt100/* @piechade
 esphome/components/sn74hc165/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/socket/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/sonoff_d1/* @anatoly-savchenkov
+esphome/components/sound_level/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/speaker/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/speaker/media_player/* @kahrendt @synesthesiam
 esphome/components/spi/* @clydebarrow @esphome/core

esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/__init__.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ AirthingsWaveBase = airthings_wave_base_ns.class_(
 
 
 BASE_SCHEMA = (
-    sensor.SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(
+    cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,

esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CODE,
+    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
+    CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_ON_STATE,
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import setup_entity
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@grahambrown11", "@hwstar"]
@@ -78,12 +81,11 @@ AlarmControlPanelCondition = alarm_control_panel_ns.class_(
     "AlarmControlPanelCondition", automation.Condition
 )
 
-ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA = (
+_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(AlarmControlPanel),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
                 mqtt.MQTTAlarmControlPanelComponent
             ),
@@ -146,6 +148,33 @@ ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA = (
     )
 )
 
+
+def alarm_control_panel_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+    *,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
+    }
+
+    for key, default, validator in [
+        (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
+        (CONF_ICON, icon, cv.icon),
+    ]:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
+            schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
+
+    return _ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA = alarm_control_panel_schema(AlarmControlPanel)
+ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA.add_extra(
+    cv.deprecated_schema_constant("alarm_control_panel")
+)
+
 ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(AlarmControlPanel),
@@ -209,6 +238,12 @@ async def register_alarm_control_panel(var, config):
     await setup_alarm_control_panel_core_(var, config)
 
 
+async def new_alarm_control_panel(config, *args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
+    await register_alarm_control_panel(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
 @automation.register_action(
     "alarm_control_panel.arm_away", ArmAwayAction, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )

esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, cover
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.const import CONF_PIN
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@buxtronix"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ Am43Component = am43_ns.class_(
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+    cover.cover_schema(Am43Component)
+    .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Am43Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PIN, default=8888): cv.int_range(min=0, max=0xFFFF),
             cv.Optional(CONF_INVERT_POSITION, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
@@ -28,9 +28,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     cg.add(var.set_pin(config[CONF_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_invert_position(config[CONF_INVERT_POSITION]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await cover.register_cover(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -33,23 +33,24 @@ service APIConnection {
   rpc execute_service (ExecuteServiceRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc noise_encryption_set_key (NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest) returns (NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse) {}
 
-  rpc cover_command (CoverCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc fan_command (FanCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc light_command (LightCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc switch_command (SwitchCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc button_command (ButtonCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc camera_image (CameraImageRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc climate_command (ClimateCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc number_command (NumberCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc text_command (TextCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc select_command (SelectCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc button_command (ButtonCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc lock_command (LockCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc valve_command (ValveCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc media_player_command (MediaPlayerCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc cover_command (CoverCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc date_command (DateCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc time_command (TimeCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc datetime_command (DateTimeCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc fan_command (FanCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc light_command (LightCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc lock_command (LockCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc media_player_command (MediaPlayerCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc number_command (NumberCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc select_command (SelectCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc siren_command (SirenCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc switch_command (SwitchCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc text_command (TextCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc time_command (TimeCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc update_command (UpdateCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc valve_command (ValveCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
 
   rpc subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc bluetooth_device_request(BluetoothDeviceRequest) returns (void) {}
@@ -655,7 +656,7 @@ message SubscribeLogsResponse {
   option (no_delay) = false;
 
   LogLevel level = 1;
-  string message = 3;
+  bytes message = 3;
   bool send_failed = 4;
 }
 
@@ -911,6 +912,7 @@ message ClimateStateResponse {
   float target_temperature = 4;
   float target_temperature_low = 5;
   float target_temperature_high = 6;
+  // For older peers, equal to preset == CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY
   bool unused_legacy_away = 7;
   ClimateAction action = 8;
   ClimateFanMode fan_mode = 9;
@@ -936,6 +938,7 @@ message ClimateCommandRequest {
   float target_temperature_low = 7;
   bool has_target_temperature_high = 8;
   float target_temperature_high = 9;
+  // legacy, for older peers, newer ones should use CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY in preset
   bool unused_has_legacy_away = 10;
   bool unused_legacy_away = 11;
   bool has_fan_mode = 12;
@@ -1038,6 +1041,49 @@ message SelectCommandRequest {
   string state = 2;
 }
 
+// ==================== SIREN ====================
+message ListEntitiesSirenResponse {
+  option (id) = 55;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SIREN";
+
+  string object_id = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 2;
+  string name = 3;
+  string unique_id = 4;
+
+  string icon = 5;
+  bool disabled_by_default = 6;
+  repeated string tones = 7;
+  bool supports_duration = 8;
+  bool supports_volume = 9;
+  EntityCategory entity_category = 10;
+}
+message SirenStateResponse {
+  option (id) = 56;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SIREN";
+  option (no_delay) = true;
+
+  fixed32 key = 1;
+  bool state = 2;
+}
+message SirenCommandRequest {
+  option (id) = 57;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SIREN";
+  option (no_delay) = true;
+
+  fixed32 key = 1;
+  bool has_state = 2;
+  bool state = 3;
+  bool has_tone = 4;
+  string tone = 5;
+  bool has_duration = 6;
+  uint32 duration = 7;
+  bool has_volume = 8;
+  float volume = 9;
+}
 
 // ==================== LOCK ====================
 enum LockState {
@@ -1207,8 +1253,8 @@ message SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest {
 
 message BluetoothServiceData {
   string uuid = 1;
-  repeated uint32 legacy_data = 2 [deprecated = true];
-  bytes data = 3; // Changed in proto version 1.7
+  repeated uint32 legacy_data = 2 [deprecated = true];  // Removed in api version 1.7
+  bytes data = 3;  // Added in api version 1.7
 }
 message BluetoothLEAdvertisementResponse {
   option (id) = 67;
@@ -1217,7 +1263,7 @@ message BluetoothLEAdvertisementResponse {
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
   uint64 address = 1;
-  string name = 2;
+  bytes name = 2;
   sint32 rssi = 3;
 
   repeated string service_uuids = 4;
@@ -1504,7 +1550,7 @@ message BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest {
   BluetoothScannerMode mode = 1;
 }
 
-// ==================== PUSH TO TALK ====================
+// ==================== VOICE ASSISTANT ====================
 enum VoiceAssistantSubscribeFlag {
   VOICE_ASSISTANT_SUBSCRIBE_NONE = 0;
   VOICE_ASSISTANT_SUBSCRIBE_API_AUDIO = 1;

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -192,15 +192,34 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
   if (this->image_reader_.available() && this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
-    uint32_t to_send = std::min((size_t) 1024, this->image_reader_.available());
-    auto buffer = this->create_buffer();
+    // Message will use 8 more bytes than the minimum size, and typical
+    // MTU is 1500. Sometimes users will see as low as 1460 MTU.
+    // If its IPv6 the header is 40 bytes, and if its IPv4
+    // the header is 20 bytes. So we have 1460 - 40 = 1420 bytes
+    // available for the payload. But we also need to add the size of
+    // the protobuf overhead, which is 8 bytes.
+    //
+    // To be safe we pick 1390 bytes as the maximum size
+    // to send in one go. This is the maximum size of a single packet
+    // that can be sent over the network.
+    // This is to avoid fragmentation of the packet.
+    uint32_t to_send = std::min((size_t) 1390, this->image_reader_.available());
+    bool done = this->image_reader_.available() == to_send;
+    uint32_t msg_size = 0;
+    ProtoSize::add_fixed_field<4>(msg_size, 1, true);
+    // partial message size calculated manually since its a special case
+    // 1 for the data field, varint for the data size, and the data itself
+    msg_size += 1 + ProtoSize::varint(to_send) + to_send;
+    ProtoSize::add_bool_field(msg_size, 1, done);
+
+    auto buffer = this->create_buffer(msg_size);
     // fixed32 key = 1;
     buffer.encode_fixed32(1, esp32_camera::global_esp32_camera->get_object_id_hash());
     // bytes data = 2;
     buffer.encode_bytes(2, this->image_reader_.peek_data_buffer(), to_send);
     // bool done = 3;
-    bool done = this->image_reader_.available() == to_send;
     buffer.encode_bool(3, done);
+
     bool success = this->send_buffer(buffer, 44);
 
     if (success) {
@@ -1774,12 +1793,25 @@ bool APIConnection::try_send_log_message(int level, const char *tag, const char
   if (this->log_subscription_ < level)
     return false;
 
-  // Send raw so that we don't copy too much
-  auto buffer = this->create_buffer();
-  // LogLevel level = 1;
-  buffer.encode_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(level));
-  // string message = 3;
-  buffer.encode_string(3, line, strlen(line));
+  // Pre-calculate message size to avoid reallocations
+  const size_t line_length = strlen(line);
+  uint32_t msg_size = 0;
+
+  // Add size for level field (field ID 1, varint type)
+  // 1 byte for field tag + size of the level varint
+  msg_size += 1 + api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(level));
+
+  // Add size for string field (field ID 3, string type)
+  // 1 byte for field tag + size of length varint + string length
+  msg_size += 1 + api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(line_length)) + line_length;
+
+  // Create a pre-sized buffer
+  auto buffer = this->create_buffer(msg_size);
+
+  // Encode the message (SubscribeLogsResponse)
+  buffer.encode_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(level));  // LogLevel level = 1
+  buffer.encode_string(3, line, line_length);             // string message = 3
+
   // SubscribeLogsResponse - 29
   return this->send_buffer(buffer, 29);
 }

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -312,9 +312,10 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
   void on_fatal_error() override;
   void on_unauthenticated_access() override;
   void on_no_setup_connection() override;
-  ProtoWriteBuffer create_buffer() override {
+  ProtoWriteBuffer create_buffer(uint32_t reserve_size) override {
     // FIXME: ensure no recursive writes can happen
     this->proto_write_buffer_.clear();
+    this->proto_write_buffer_.reserve(reserve_size);
     return {&this->proto_write_buffer_};
   }
   bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint32_t message_type) override;

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "proto.h"
+#include "api_pb2_size.h"
 #include <cstring>
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -72,6 +73,91 @@ const char *api_error_to_str(APIError err) {
   return "UNKNOWN";
 }
 
+// Common implementation for writing raw data to socket
+template<typename StateEnum>
+APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket,
+                                    std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf, const std::string &info, StateEnum &state,
+                                    StateEnum failed_state) {
+  // This method writes data to socket or buffers it
+  // Returns APIError::OK if successful (or would block, but data has been buffered)
+  // Returns APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED if socket write failed, and sets state to failed_state
+
+  if (iovcnt == 0)
+    return APIError::OK;  // Nothing to do, success
+
+  size_t total_write_len = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+#ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s",
+              format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len).c_str());
+#endif
+    total_write_len += iov[i].iov_len;
+  }
+
+  if (!tx_buf.empty()) {
+    // try to empty tx_buf first
+    while (!tx_buf.empty()) {
+      ssize_t sent = socket->write(tx_buf.data(), tx_buf.size());
+      if (is_would_block(sent)) {
+        break;
+      } else if (sent == -1) {
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Socket write failed with errno %d", info.c_str(), errno);
+        state = failed_state;
+        return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;  // Socket write failed
+      }
+      // TODO: inefficient if multiple packets in txbuf
+      // replace with deque of buffers
+      tx_buf.erase(tx_buf.begin(), tx_buf.begin() + sent);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!tx_buf.empty()) {
+    // tx buf not empty, can't write now because then stream would be inconsistent
+    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
+    tx_buf.reserve(tx_buf.size() + total_write_len);
+    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+      tx_buf.insert(tx_buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
+                    reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
+    }
+    return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
+  }
+
+  ssize_t sent = socket->writev(iov, iovcnt);
+  if (is_would_block(sent)) {
+    // operation would block, add buffer to tx_buf
+    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
+    tx_buf.reserve(tx_buf.size() + total_write_len);
+    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+      tx_buf.insert(tx_buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
+                    reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
+    }
+    return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
+  } else if (sent == -1) {
+    // an error occurred
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Socket write failed with errno %d", info.c_str(), errno);
+    state = failed_state;
+    return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;  // Socket write failed
+  } else if ((size_t) sent != total_write_len) {
+    // partially sent, add end to tx_buf
+    size_t remaining = total_write_len - sent;
+    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
+    tx_buf.reserve(tx_buf.size() + remaining);
+
+    size_t to_consume = sent;
+    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+      if (to_consume >= iov[i].iov_len) {
+        to_consume -= iov[i].iov_len;
+      } else {
+        tx_buf.insert(tx_buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + to_consume,
+                      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
+        to_consume = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
+  }
+  return APIError::OK;  // Success, all data sent
+}
+
 #define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: " msg, info_.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 // uncomment to log raw packets
 //#define HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
@@ -546,71 +632,6 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_send_tx_buf_() {
 
   return APIError::OK;
 }
-/** Write the data to the socket, or buffer it a write would block
- *
- * @param data The data to write
- * @param len The length of data
- */
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
-  if (iovcnt == 0)
-    return APIError::OK;
-  APIError aerr;
-
-  size_t total_write_len = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-#ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s",
-              format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len).c_str());
-#endif
-    total_write_len += iov[i].iov_len;
-  }
-
-  if (!tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    // try to empty tx_buf_ first
-    aerr = try_send_tx_buf_();
-    if (aerr != APIError::OK && aerr != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK)
-      return aerr;
-  }
-
-  if (!tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    // tx buf not empty, can't write now because then stream would be inconsistent
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
-                     reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  }
-
-  ssize_t sent = socket_->writev(iov, iovcnt);
-  if (is_would_block(sent)) {
-    // operation would block, add buffer to tx_buf
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
-                     reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  } else if (sent == -1) {
-    // an error occurred
-    state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Socket write failed with errno %d", errno);
-    return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;
-  } else if ((size_t) sent != total_write_len) {
-    // partially sent, add end to tx_buf
-    size_t to_consume = sent;
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      if (to_consume >= iov[i].iov_len) {
-        to_consume -= iov[i].iov_len;
-      } else {
-        tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + to_consume,
-                       reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-        to_consume = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  }
-  // fully sent
-  return APIError::OK;
-}
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   uint8_t header[3];
   header[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
@@ -744,6 +765,11 @@ void noise_rand_bytes(void *output, size_t len) {
   }
 }
 }
+
+// Explicit template instantiation for Noise
+template APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_<APINoiseFrameHelper::State>(
+    const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf_, const std::string &info,
+    APINoiseFrameHelper::State &state, APINoiseFrameHelper::State failed_state);
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 
 #ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
@@ -933,6 +959,8 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *pay
   }
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> header;
+  header.reserve(1 + api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(payload_len)) +
+                 api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(type)));
   header.push_back(0x00);
   ProtoVarInt(payload_len).encode(header);
   ProtoVarInt(type).encode(header);
@@ -966,71 +994,6 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_send_tx_buf_() {
 
   return APIError::OK;
 }
-/** Write the data to the socket, or buffer it a write would block
- *
- * @param data The data to write
- * @param len The length of data
- */
-APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
-  if (iovcnt == 0)
-    return APIError::OK;
-  APIError aerr;
-
-  size_t total_write_len = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-#ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s",
-              format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len).c_str());
-#endif
-    total_write_len += iov[i].iov_len;
-  }
-
-  if (!tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    // try to empty tx_buf_ first
-    aerr = try_send_tx_buf_();
-    if (aerr != APIError::OK && aerr != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK)
-      return aerr;
-  }
-
-  if (!tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    // tx buf not empty, can't write now because then stream would be inconsistent
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
-                     reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  }
-
-  ssize_t sent = socket_->writev(iov, iovcnt);
-  if (is_would_block(sent)) {
-    // operation would block, add buffer to tx_buf
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
-                     reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  } else if (sent == -1) {
-    // an error occurred
-    state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Socket write failed with errno %d", errno);
-    return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;
-  } else if ((size_t) sent != total_write_len) {
-    // partially sent, add end to tx_buf
-    size_t to_consume = sent;
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      if (to_consume >= iov[i].iov_len) {
-        to_consume -= iov[i].iov_len;
-      } else {
-        tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + to_consume,
-                       reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-        to_consume = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  }
-  // fully sent
-  return APIError::OK;
-}
 
 APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::close() {
   state_ = State::CLOSED;
@@ -1048,6 +1011,11 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::shutdown(int how) {
   }
   return APIError::OK;
 }
+
+// Explicit template instantiation for Plaintext
+template APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_<APIPlaintextFrameHelper::State>(
+    const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf_, const std::string &info,
+    APIPlaintextFrameHelper::State &state, APIPlaintextFrameHelper::State failed_state);
 #endif  // USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 
 }  // namespace api

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -72,6 +72,12 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   virtual APIError shutdown(int how) = 0;
   // Give this helper a name for logging
   virtual void set_log_info(std::string info) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  // Common implementation for writing raw data to socket
+  template<typename StateEnum>
+  APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf,
+                      const std::string &info, StateEnum &state, StateEnum failed_state);
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -103,7 +109,9 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame);
   APIError try_send_tx_buf_();
   APIError write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
-  APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt);
+  inline APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+    return APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(iov, iovcnt, socket_.get(), tx_buf_, info_, state_, State::FAILED);
+  }
   APIError init_handshake_();
   APIError check_handshake_finished_();
   void send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const std::string &reason);
@@ -164,7 +172,9 @@ class APIPlaintextFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
 
   APIError try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame);
   APIError try_send_tx_buf_();
-  APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt);
+  inline APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+    return APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(iov, iovcnt, socket_.get(), tx_buf_, info_, state_, State::FAILED);
+  }
 
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_;
 

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // This file was automatically generated with a tool.
-// See scripts/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+// See script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
 #include "api_pb2_service.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
@@ -292,6 +292,24 @@ bool APIServerConnectionBase::send_select_state_response(const SelectStateRespon
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+bool APIServerConnectionBase::send_list_entities_siren_response(const ListEntitiesSirenResponse &msg) {
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "send_list_entities_siren_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+#endif
+  return this->send_message_<ListEntitiesSirenResponse>(msg, 55);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+bool APIServerConnectionBase::send_siren_state_response(const SirenStateResponse &msg) {
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "send_siren_state_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+#endif
+  return this->send_message_<SirenStateResponse>(msg, 56);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
 bool APIServerConnectionBase::send_list_entities_lock_response(const ListEntitiesLockResponse &msg) {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -903,6 +921,17 @@ bool APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_select_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
 #endif
       this->on_select_command_request(msg);
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+    case 57: {
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+      SirenCommandRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_siren_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+#endif
+      this->on_siren_command_request(msg);
 #endif
       break;
     }
@@ -1369,8 +1398,8 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncrypt
   }
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-void APIServerConnection::on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) {
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+void APIServerConnection::on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
     this->on_no_setup_connection();
     return;
@@ -1379,46 +1408,7 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &ms
     this->on_unauthenticated_access();
     return;
   }
-  this->cover_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-void APIServerConnection::on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->fan_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-void APIServerConnection::on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->light_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-void APIServerConnection::on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->switch_command(msg);
+  this->button_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
@@ -1447,8 +1437,8 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest
   this->climate_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-void APIServerConnection::on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) {
+#ifdef USE_COVER
+void APIServerConnection::on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
     this->on_no_setup_connection();
     return;
@@ -1457,85 +1447,7 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &
     this->on_unauthenticated_access();
     return;
   }
-  this->number_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-void APIServerConnection::on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->text_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-void APIServerConnection::on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->select_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-void APIServerConnection::on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->button_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-void APIServerConnection::on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->lock_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-void APIServerConnection::on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->valve_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-void APIServerConnection::on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->media_player_command(msg);
+  this->cover_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
@@ -1551,19 +1463,6 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &msg)
   this->date_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-void APIServerConnection::on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->time_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
 void APIServerConnection::on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
@@ -1577,6 +1476,136 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequ
   this->datetime_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_FAN
+void APIServerConnection::on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->fan_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT
+void APIServerConnection::on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->light_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LOCK
+void APIServerConnection::on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->lock_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+void APIServerConnection::on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->media_player_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+void APIServerConnection::on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->number_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+void APIServerConnection::on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->select_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+void APIServerConnection::on_siren_command_request(const SirenCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->siren_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+void APIServerConnection::on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->switch_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT
+void APIServerConnection::on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->text_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
+void APIServerConnection::on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->time_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
 void APIServerConnection::on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
@@ -1590,6 +1619,19 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &
   this->update_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_VALVE
+void APIServerConnection::on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->valve_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(
     const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) {

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // This file was automatically generated with a tool.
-// See scripts/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
+// See script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py
 #pragma once
 
 #include "api_pb2.h"
@@ -136,6 +136,15 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
   virtual void on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+  bool send_list_entities_siren_response(const ListEntitiesSirenResponse &msg);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+  bool send_siren_state_response(const SirenStateResponse &msg);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+  virtual void on_siren_command_request(const SirenCommandRequest &value){};
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
   bool send_list_entities_lock_response(const ListEntitiesLockResponse &msg);
 #endif
@@ -364,17 +373,8 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   virtual NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse noise_encryption_set_key(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-  virtual void cover_command(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-  virtual void fan_command(const FanCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  virtual void light_command(const LightCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  virtual void switch_command(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+  virtual void button_command(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
   virtual void camera_image(const CameraImageRequest &msg) = 0;
@@ -382,39 +382,51 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
   virtual void climate_command(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  virtual void number_command(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-  virtual void text_command(const TextCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  virtual void select_command(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  virtual void button_command(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-  virtual void lock_command(const LockCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-  virtual void valve_command(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  virtual void media_player_command(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#ifdef USE_COVER
+  virtual void cover_command(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
   virtual void date_command(const DateCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  virtual void time_command(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
   virtual void datetime_command(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_FAN
+  virtual void fan_command(const FanCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT
+  virtual void light_command(const LightCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LOCK
+  virtual void lock_command(const LockCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+  virtual void media_player_command(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  virtual void number_command(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  virtual void select_command(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+  virtual void siren_command(const SirenCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  virtual void switch_command(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT
+  virtual void text_command(const TextCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
+  virtual void time_command(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   virtual void update_command(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_VALVE
+  virtual void valve_command(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   virtual void subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
@@ -478,17 +490,8 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   void on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-  void on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-  void on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  void on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  void on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+  void on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
   void on_camera_image_request(const CameraImageRequest &msg) override;
@@ -496,39 +499,51 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
   void on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  void on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-  void on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  void on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  void on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-  void on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-  void on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  void on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#ifdef USE_COVER
+  void on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
   void on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  void on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
   void on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_FAN
+  void on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT
+  void on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LOCK
+  void on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+  void on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  void on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  void on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+  void on_siren_command_request(const SirenCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  void on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT
+  void on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
+  void on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   void on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_VALVE
+  void on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) override;
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_size.h

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "proto.h"
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace api {
+
+class ProtoSize {
+ public:
+  /**
+   * @brief ProtoSize class for Protocol Buffer serialization size calculation
+   *
+   * This class provides static methods to calculate the exact byte counts needed
+   * for encoding various Protocol Buffer field types. All methods are designed to be
+   * efficient for the common case where many fields have default values.
+   *
+   * Implements Protocol Buffer encoding size calculation according to:
+   * https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/
+   *
+   * Key features:
+   * - Early-return optimization for zero/default values
+   * - Direct total_size updates to avoid unnecessary additions
+   * - Specialized handling for different field types according to protobuf spec
+   * - Templated helpers for repeated fields and messages
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint32_t value as a varint
+   *
+   * @param value The uint32_t value to calculate size for
+   * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value
+   */
+  static inline uint32_t varint(uint32_t value) {
+    // Optimized varint size calculation using leading zeros
+    // Each 7 bits requires one byte in the varint encoding
+    if (value < 128)
+      return 1;  // 7 bits, common case for small values
+
+    // For larger values, count bytes needed based on the position of the highest bit set
+    if (value < 16384) {
+      return 2;  // 14 bits
+    } else if (value < 2097152) {
+      return 3;  // 21 bits
+    } else if (value < 268435456) {
+      return 4;  // 28 bits
+    } else {
+      return 5;  // 32 bits (maximum for uint32_t)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a uint64_t value as a varint
+   *
+   * @param value The uint64_t value to calculate size for
+   * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value
+   */
+  static inline uint32_t varint(uint64_t value) {
+    // Handle common case of values fitting in uint32_t (vast majority of use cases)
+    if (value <= UINT32_MAX) {
+      return varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
+    }
+
+    // For larger values, determine size based on highest bit position
+    if (value < (1ULL << 35)) {
+      return 5;  // 35 bits
+    } else if (value < (1ULL << 42)) {
+      return 6;  // 42 bits
+    } else if (value < (1ULL << 49)) {
+      return 7;  // 49 bits
+    } else if (value < (1ULL << 56)) {
+      return 8;  // 56 bits
+    } else if (value < (1ULL << 63)) {
+      return 9;  // 63 bits
+    } else {
+      return 10;  // 64 bits (maximum for uint64_t)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode an int32_t value as a varint
+   *
+   * Special handling is needed for negative values, which are sign-extended to 64 bits
+   * in Protocol Buffers, resulting in a 10-byte varint.
+   *
+   * @param value The int32_t value to calculate size for
+   * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value
+   */
+  static inline uint32_t varint(int32_t value) {
+    // Negative values are sign-extended to 64 bits in protocol buffers,
+    // which always results in a 10-byte varint for negative int32
+    if (value < 0) {
+      return 10;  // Negative int32 is always 10 bytes long
+    }
+    // For non-negative values, use the uint32_t implementation
+    return varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode an int64_t value as a varint
+   *
+   * @param value The int64_t value to calculate size for
+   * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the value
+   */
+  static inline uint32_t varint(int64_t value) {
+    // For int64_t, we convert to uint64_t and calculate the size
+    // This works because the bit pattern determines the encoding size,
+    // and we've handled negative int32 values as a special case above
+    return varint(static_cast<uint64_t>(value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates the size in bytes needed to encode a field ID and wire type
+   *
+   * @param field_id The field identifier
+   * @param type The wire type value (from the WireType enum in the protobuf spec)
+   * @return The number of bytes needed to encode the field ID and wire type
+   */
+  static inline uint32_t field(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t type) {
+    uint32_t tag = (field_id << 3) | (type & 0b111);
+    return varint(tag);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Common parameters for all add_*_field methods
+   *
+   * All add_*_field methods follow these common patterns:
+   *
+   * @param total_size Reference to the total message size to update
+   * @param field_id_size Pre-calculated size of the field ID in bytes
+   * @param value The value to calculate size for (type varies)
+   * @param force Whether to calculate size even if the value is default/zero/empty
+   *
+   * Each method follows this implementation pattern:
+   * 1. Skip calculation if value is default (0, false, empty) and not forced
+   * 2. Calculate the size based on the field's encoding rules
+   * 3. Add the field_id_size + calculated value size to total_size
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of an int32 field to the total message size
+   */
+  static inline void add_int32_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value, bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if value is zero and not forced
+    if (value == 0 && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // Calculate and directly add to total_size
+    if (value < 0) {
+      // Negative values are encoded as 10-byte varints in protobuf
+      total_size += field_id_size + 10;
+    } else {
+      // For non-negative values, use the standard varint size
+      total_size += field_id_size + varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a uint32 field to the total message size
+   */
+  static inline void add_uint32_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t value,
+                                      bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if value is zero and not forced
+    if (value == 0 && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // Calculate and directly add to total_size
+    total_size += field_id_size + varint(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a boolean field to the total message size
+   */
+  static inline void add_bool_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, bool value, bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if value is false and not forced
+    if (!value && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // Boolean fields always use 1 byte when true
+    total_size += field_id_size + 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a fixed field to the total message size
+   *
+   * Fixed fields always take exactly N bytes (4 for fixed32/float, 8 for fixed64/double).
+   *
+   * @tparam NumBytes The number of bytes for this fixed field (4 or 8)
+   * @param is_nonzero Whether the value is non-zero
+   */
+  template<uint32_t NumBytes>
+  static inline void add_fixed_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, bool is_nonzero,
+                                     bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if value is zero and not forced
+    if (!is_nonzero && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // Fixed fields always take exactly NumBytes
+    total_size += field_id_size + NumBytes;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of an enum field to the total message size
+   *
+   * Enum fields are encoded as uint32 varints.
+   */
+  static inline void add_enum_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t value, bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if value is zero and not forced
+    if (value == 0 && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // Enums are encoded as uint32
+    total_size += field_id_size + varint(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a sint32 field to the total message size
+   *
+   * Sint32 fields use ZigZag encoding, which is more efficient for negative values.
+   */
+  static inline void add_sint32_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, int32_t value, bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if value is zero and not forced
+    if (value == 0 && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // ZigZag encoding for sint32: (n << 1) ^ (n >> 31)
+    uint32_t zigzag = (static_cast<uint32_t>(value) << 1) ^ (static_cast<uint32_t>(value >> 31));
+    total_size += field_id_size + varint(zigzag);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of an int64 field to the total message size
+   */
+  static inline void add_int64_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, int64_t value, bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if value is zero and not forced
+    if (value == 0 && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // Calculate and directly add to total_size
+    total_size += field_id_size + varint(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a uint64 field to the total message size
+   */
+  static inline void add_uint64_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, uint64_t value,
+                                      bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if value is zero and not forced
+    if (value == 0 && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // Calculate and directly add to total_size
+    total_size += field_id_size + varint(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a sint64 field to the total message size
+   *
+   * Sint64 fields use ZigZag encoding, which is more efficient for negative values.
+   */
+  static inline void add_sint64_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, int64_t value, bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if value is zero and not forced
+    if (value == 0 && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // ZigZag encoding for sint64: (n << 1) ^ (n >> 63)
+    uint64_t zigzag = (static_cast<uint64_t>(value) << 1) ^ (static_cast<uint64_t>(value >> 63));
+    total_size += field_id_size + varint(zigzag);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a string/bytes field to the total message size
+   */
+  static inline void add_string_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, const std::string &str,
+                                      bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if string is empty and not forced
+    if (str.empty() && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // Calculate and directly add to total_size
+    const uint32_t str_size = static_cast<uint32_t>(str.size());
+    total_size += field_id_size + varint(str_size) + str_size;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a nested message field to the total message size
+   *
+   * This helper function directly updates the total_size reference if the nested size
+   * is greater than zero or force is true.
+   *
+   * @param nested_size The pre-calculated size of the nested message
+   */
+  static inline void add_message_field(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, uint32_t nested_size,
+                                       bool force = false) {
+    // Skip calculation if nested message is empty and not forced
+    if (nested_size == 0 && !force) {
+      return;  // No need to update total_size
+    }
+
+    // Calculate and directly add to total_size
+    // Field ID + length varint + nested message content
+    total_size += field_id_size + varint(nested_size) + nested_size;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the size of a nested message field to the total message size
+   *
+   * This templated version directly takes a message object, calculates its size internally,
+   * and updates the total_size reference. This eliminates the need for a temporary variable
+   * at the call site.
+   *
+   * @tparam MessageType The type of the nested message (inferred from parameter)
+   * @param message The nested message object
+   */
+  template<typename MessageType>
+  static inline void add_message_object(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size, const MessageType &message,
+                                        bool force = false) {
+    uint32_t nested_size = 0;
+    message.calculate_size(nested_size);
+
+    // Use the base implementation with the calculated nested_size
+    add_message_field(total_size, field_id_size, nested_size, force);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Calculates and adds the sizes of all messages in a repeated field to the total message size
+   *
+   * This helper processes a vector of message objects, calculating the size for each message
+   * and adding it to the total size.
+   *
+   * @tparam MessageType The type of the nested messages in the vector
+   * @param messages Vector of message objects
+   */
+  template<typename MessageType>
+  static inline void add_repeated_message(uint32_t &total_size, uint32_t field_id_size,
+                                          const std::vector<MessageType> &messages) {
+    // Skip if the vector is empty
+    if (messages.empty()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // For repeated fields, always use force=true
+    for (const auto &message : messages) {
+      add_message_object(total_size, field_id_size, message, true);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace api
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -126,19 +126,29 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
     conn->start();
   }
 
-  // Partition clients into remove and active
-  auto new_end = std::partition(this->clients_.begin(), this->clients_.end(),
-                                [](const std::unique_ptr<APIConnection> &conn) { return !conn->remove_; });
-  // print disconnection messages
-  for (auto it = new_end; it != this->clients_.end(); ++it) {
-    this->client_disconnected_trigger_->trigger((*it)->client_info_, (*it)->client_peername_);
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Removing connection to %s", (*it)->client_info_.c_str());
-  }
-  // resize vector
-  this->clients_.erase(new_end, this->clients_.end());
+  // Process clients and remove disconnected ones in a single pass
+  if (!this->clients_.empty()) {
+    size_t client_index = 0;
+    while (client_index < this->clients_.size()) {
+      auto &client = this->clients_[client_index];
 
-  for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
-    client->loop();
+      if (client->remove_) {
+        // Handle disconnection
+        this->client_disconnected_trigger_->trigger(client->client_info_, client->client_peername_);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Removing connection to %s", client->client_info_.c_str());
+
+        // Swap with the last element and pop (avoids expensive vector shifts)
+        if (client_index < this->clients_.size() - 1) {
+          std::swap(this->clients_[client_index], this->clients_.back());
+        }
+        this->clients_.pop_back();
+        // Don't increment client_index since we need to process the swapped element
+      } else {
+        // Process active client
+        client->loop();
+        client_index++;  // Move to next client
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -149,6 +149,18 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   void write(uint8_t value) { this->buffer_->push_back(value); }
   void encode_varint_raw(ProtoVarInt value) { value.encode(*this->buffer_); }
   void encode_varint_raw(uint32_t value) { this->encode_varint_raw(ProtoVarInt(value)); }
+  /**
+   * Encode a field key (tag/wire type combination).
+   *
+   * @param field_id Field number (tag) in the protobuf message
+   * @param type Wire type value:
+   *   - 0: Varint (int32, int64, uint32, uint64, sint32, sint64, bool, enum)
+   *   - 1: 64-bit (fixed64, sfixed64, double)
+   *   - 2: Length-delimited (string, bytes, embedded messages, packed repeated fields)
+   *   - 5: 32-bit (fixed32, sfixed32, float)
+   *
+   * Following https://protobuf.dev/programming-guides/encoding/#structure
+   */
   void encode_field_raw(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t type) {
     uint32_t val = (field_id << 3) | (type & 0b111);
     this->encode_varint_raw(val);
@@ -157,7 +169,7 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
     if (len == 0 && !force)
       return;
 
-    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);
+    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);  // type 2: Length-delimited string
     this->encode_varint_raw(len);
     auto *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(string);
     this->buffer_->insert(this->buffer_->end(), data, data + len);
@@ -171,26 +183,26 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   void encode_uint32(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t value, bool force = false) {
     if (value == 0 && !force)
       return;
-    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 0);
+    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 0);  // type 0: Varint - uint32
     this->encode_varint_raw(value);
   }
   void encode_uint64(uint32_t field_id, uint64_t value, bool force = false) {
     if (value == 0 && !force)
       return;
-    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 0);
+    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 0);  // type 0: Varint - uint64
     this->encode_varint_raw(ProtoVarInt(value));
   }
   void encode_bool(uint32_t field_id, bool value, bool force = false) {
     if (!value && !force)
       return;
-    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 0);
+    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 0);  // type 0: Varint - bool
     this->write(0x01);
   }
   void encode_fixed32(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t value, bool force = false) {
     if (value == 0 && !force)
       return;
 
-    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 5);
+    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 5);  // type 5: 32-bit fixed32
     this->write((value >> 0) & 0xFF);
     this->write((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
     this->write((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
@@ -200,7 +212,7 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
     if (value == 0 && !force)
       return;
 
-    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 5);
+    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 1);  // type 1: 64-bit fixed64
     this->write((value >> 0) & 0xFF);
     this->write((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
     this->write((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
@@ -254,7 +266,7 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
     this->encode_uint64(field_id, uvalue, force);
   }
   template<class C> void encode_message(uint32_t field_id, const C &value, bool force = false) {
-    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);
+    this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);  // type 2: Length-delimited message
     size_t begin = this->buffer_->size();
 
     value.encode(*this);
@@ -276,6 +288,7 @@ class ProtoMessage {
   virtual ~ProtoMessage() = default;
   virtual void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const = 0;
   void decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length);
+  virtual void calculate_size(uint32_t &total_size) const = 0;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   std::string dump() const;
   virtual void dump_to(std::string &out) const = 0;
@@ -298,13 +311,29 @@ class ProtoService {
   virtual void on_fatal_error() = 0;
   virtual void on_unauthenticated_access() = 0;
   virtual void on_no_setup_connection() = 0;
-  virtual ProtoWriteBuffer create_buffer() = 0;
+  /**
+   * Create a buffer with a reserved size.
+   * @param reserve_size The number of bytes to pre-allocate in the buffer. This is a hint
+   *                     to optimize memory usage and avoid reallocations during encoding.
+   *                     Implementations should aim to allocate at least this size.
+   * @return A ProtoWriteBuffer object with the reserved size.
+   */
+  virtual ProtoWriteBuffer create_buffer(uint32_t reserve_size) = 0;
   virtual bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint32_t message_type) = 0;
   virtual bool read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) = 0;
 
+  // Optimized method that pre-allocates buffer based on message size
   template<class C> bool send_message_(const C &msg, uint32_t message_type) {
-    auto buffer = this->create_buffer();
+    uint32_t msg_size = 0;
+    msg.calculate_size(msg_size);
+
+    // Create a pre-sized buffer
+    auto buffer = this->create_buffer(msg_size);
+
+    // Encode message into the buffer
     msg.encode(buffer);
+
+    // Send the buffer
     return this->send_buffer(buffer, message_type);
   }
 };

esphome/components/atm90e32/__init__.py

@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 CODEOWNERS = ["@circuitsetup", "@descipher"]
 
 atm90e32_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("atm90e32")
+ATM90E32Component = atm90e32_ns.class_("ATM90E32Component", cg.Component)
 
 CONF_ATM90E32_ID = "atm90e32_id"

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "atm90e32.h"
-#include "atm90e32_reg.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <cmath>
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace atm90e32 {
@@ -11,115 +11,84 @@ void ATM90E32Component::loop() {
   if (this->get_publish_interval_flag_()) {
     this->set_publish_interval_flag_(false);
     for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].voltage_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      if (this->phase_[phase].voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].voltage_ = this->get_phase_voltage_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].current_ = this->get_phase_current_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].power_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].active_power_ = this->get_phase_active_power_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].power_factor_ = this->get_phase_power_factor_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_ = this->get_phase_reactive_power_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].forward_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].apparent_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
+        this->phase_[phase].apparent_power_ = this->get_phase_apparent_power_(phase);
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].forward_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].forward_active_energy_ = this->get_phase_forward_active_energy_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].reverse_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].reverse_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].reverse_active_energy_ = this->get_phase_reverse_active_energy_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_ = this->get_phase_angle_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_ = this->get_phase_harmonic_active_power_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].peak_current_ = this->get_phase_peak_current_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    // After the local store in collected we can publish them trusting they are withing +-1 haardware sampling
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].voltage_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      // After the local store is collected we can publish them trusting they are within +-1 hardware sampling
+      if (this->phase_[phase].voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].voltage_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_voltage_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_current_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].power_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].power_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_active_power_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].power_factor_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_power_factor_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_reactive_power_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].apparent_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
+        this->phase_[phase].apparent_power_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_apparent_power_(phase));
+
       if (this->phase_[phase].forward_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->phase_[phase].forward_active_energy_sensor_->publish_state(
             this->get_local_phase_forward_active_energy_(phase));
       }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+
       if (this->phase_[phase].reverse_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->phase_[phase].reverse_active_energy_sensor_->publish_state(
             this->get_local_phase_reverse_active_energy_(phase));
       }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_angle_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+
       if (this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_sensor_->publish_state(
             this->get_local_phase_harmonic_active_power_(phase));
       }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_peak_current_(phase));
-      }
     }
-    if (this->freq_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (this->freq_sensor_ != nullptr)
       this->freq_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_frequency_());
-    }
-    if (this->chip_temperature_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+    if (this->chip_temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
       this->chip_temperature_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_chip_temperature_());
-    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -130,82 +99,30 @@ void ATM90E32Component::update() {
   }
   this->set_publish_interval_flag_(true);
   this->status_clear_warning();
-}
 
-void ATM90E32Component::restore_calibrations_() {
-  if (enable_offset_calibration_) {
-    this->pref_.load(&this->offset_phase_);
-  }
-};
-
-void ATM90E32Component::run_offset_calibrations() {
-  // Run the calibrations and
-  // Setup voltage and current calibration offsets for PHASE A
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_ = calibrate_voltage_offset_phase(PHASEA);
-  this->phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETA, this->phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_ = calibrate_current_offset_phase(PHASEA);
-  this->phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETA, this->phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  // Setup voltage and current calibration offsets for PHASE B
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_ = calibrate_voltage_offset_phase(PHASEB);
-  this->phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETB, this->phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_ = calibrate_current_offset_phase(PHASEB);
-  this->phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETB, this->phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  // Setup voltage and current calibration offsets for PHASE C
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_ = calibrate_voltage_offset_phase(PHASEC);
-  this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETC, this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_ = calibrate_current_offset_phase(PHASEC);
-  this->phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETC, this->phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  this->pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "PhaseA Vo=%5d PhaseB Vo=%5d PhaseC Vo=%5d", this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_,
-           this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_, this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_);
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "PhaseA Io=%5d PhaseB Io=%5d PhaseC Io=%5d", this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_,
-           this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_, this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_);
-}
-
-void ATM90E32Component::clear_offset_calibrations() {
-  // Clear the calibrations and
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETA, this->phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETA, this->phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETB, this->phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETB, this->phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETC, this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETC, this->phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  this->pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "PhaseA Vo=%5d PhaseB Vo=%5d PhaseC Vo=%5d", this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_,
-           this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_, this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_);
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "PhaseA Io=%5d PhaseB Io=%5d PhaseC Io=%5d", this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_,
-           this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_, this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_);
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  this->check_phase_status();
+  this->check_over_current();
+  this->check_freq_status();
+#endif
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up ATM90E32 Component...");
   this->spi_setup();
-  if (this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
-    uint32_t hash = fnv1_hash(App.get_friendly_name());
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<Calibration[3]>(hash, true);
-    this->restore_calibrations_();
-  }
+
   uint16_t mmode0 = 0x87;  // 3P4W 50Hz
+  uint16_t high_thresh = 0;
+  uint16_t low_thresh = 0;
+
   if (line_freq_ == 60) {
     mmode0 |= 1 << 12;  // sets 12th bit to 1, 60Hz
+    // for freq threshold registers
+    high_thresh = 6300;  // 63.00 Hz
+    low_thresh = 5700;   // 57.00 Hz
+  } else {
+    high_thresh = 5300;  // 53.00 Hz
+    low_thresh = 4700;   // 47.00 Hz
   }
 
   if (current_phases_ == 2) {
@@ -216,34 +133,84 @@ void ATM90E32Component::setup() {
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SOFTRESET, 0x789A);    // Perform soft reset
   delay(6);                                               // Wait for the minimum 5ms + 1ms
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x55AA);  // enable register config access
-  if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != 0x55AA) {
+  if (!this->validate_spi_read_(0x55AA, "setup()")) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not initialize ATM90E32 IC, check SPI settings");
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
 
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_METEREN, 0x0001);        // Enable Metering
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SAGPEAKDETCFG, 0xFF3F);  // Peak Detector time ms (15:8), Sag Period ms (7:0)
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SAGPEAKDETCFG, 0xFF3F);  // Peak Detector time (15:8) 255ms, Sag Period (7:0) 63ms
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PLCONSTH, 0x0861);       // PL Constant MSB (default) = 140625000
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PLCONSTL, 0xC468);       // PL Constant LSB (default)
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_ZXCONFIG, 0xD654);       // ZX2, ZX1, ZX0 pin config
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_ZXCONFIG, 0xD654);       // Zero crossing (ZX2, ZX1, ZX0) pin config
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_MMODE0, mmode0);         // Mode Config (frequency set in main program)
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_MMODE1, pga_gain_);      // PGA Gain Configuration for Current Channels
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_FREQHITH, high_thresh);  // Frequency high threshold
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_FREQLOTH, low_thresh);   // Frequency low threshold
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PSTARTTH, 0x1D4C);       // All Active Startup Power Threshold - 0.02A/0.00032 = 7500
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_QSTARTTH, 0x1D4C);       // All Reactive Startup Power Threshold - 50%
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SSTARTTH, 0x1D4C);       // All Reactive Startup Power Threshold - 50%
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PPHASETH, 0x02EE);       // Each Phase Active Phase Threshold - 0.002A/0.00032 = 750
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_QPHASETH, 0x02EE);       // Each phase Reactive Phase Threshold - 10%
-  // Setup voltage and current gain for PHASE A
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINA, this->phase_[PHASEA].voltage_gain_);  // A Voltage rms gain
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINA, this->phase_[PHASEA].ct_gain_);       // A line current gain
-  // Setup voltage and current gain for PHASE B
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINB, this->phase_[PHASEB].voltage_gain_);  // B Voltage rms gain
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINB, this->phase_[PHASEB].ct_gain_);       // B line current gain
-  // Setup voltage and current gain for PHASE C
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINC, this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_gain_);  // C Voltage rms gain
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINC, this->phase_[PHASEC].ct_gain_);       // C line current gain
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);                         // end configuration
+
+  if (this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
+    // Initialize flash storage for offset calibrations
+    uint32_t o_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_offset_calibration_") + this->cs_->dump_summary());
+    this->offset_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<OffsetCalibration[3]>(o_hash, true);
+    this->restore_offset_calibrations_();
+
+    // Initialize flash storage for power offset calibrations
+    uint32_t po_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_power_offset_calibration_") + this->cs_->dump_summary());
+    this->power_offset_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<PowerOffsetCalibration[3]>(po_hash, true);
+    this->restore_power_offset_calibrations_();
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Power & Voltage/Current offset calibration is disabled. Using config file values.");
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+      this->write16_(this->voltage_offset_registers[phase],
+                     static_cast<uint16_t>(this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_));
+      this->write16_(this->current_offset_registers[phase],
+                     static_cast<uint16_t>(this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_));
+      this->write16_(this->power_offset_registers[phase],
+                     static_cast<uint16_t>(this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset));
+      this->write16_(this->reactive_power_offset_registers[phase],
+                     static_cast<uint16_t>(this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->enable_gain_calibration_) {
+    // Initialize flash storage for gain calibration
+    uint32_t g_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_gain_calibration_") + this->cs_->dump_summary());
+    this->gain_calibration_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<GainCalibration[3]>(g_hash, true);
+    this->restore_gain_calibrations_();
+
+    if (this->using_saved_calibrations_) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Successfully restored gain calibration from memory.");
+    } else {
+      for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+        this->write16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_);
+        this->write16_(current_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration is disabled. Using config file values.");
+
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+      this->write16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_);
+      this->write16_(current_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Sag threshold (78%)
+  uint16_t sagth = calculate_voltage_threshold(line_freq_, this->phase_[0].voltage_gain_, 0.78f);
+  // Overvoltage threshold (122%)
+  uint16_t ovth = calculate_voltage_threshold(line_freq_, this->phase_[0].voltage_gain_, 1.22f);
+
+  // Write to registers
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SAGTH, sagth);
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_OVTH, ovth);
+
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);  // end configuration
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::dump_config() {
@@ -257,6 +224,7 @@ void ATM90E32Component::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Current A", this->phase_[PHASEA].current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Power A", this->phase_[PHASEA].power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Reactive Power A", this->phase_[PHASEA].reactive_power_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Apparent Power A", this->phase_[PHASEA].apparent_power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PF A", this->phase_[PHASEA].power_factor_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Forward Energy A", this->phase_[PHASEA].forward_active_energy_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Reverse Energy A", this->phase_[PHASEA].reverse_active_energy_sensor_);
@@ -267,22 +235,24 @@ void ATM90E32Component::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Current B", this->phase_[PHASEB].current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Power B", this->phase_[PHASEB].power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Reactive Power B", this->phase_[PHASEB].reactive_power_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Apparent Power B", this->phase_[PHASEB].apparent_power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PF B", this->phase_[PHASEB].power_factor_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Forward Energy B", this->phase_[PHASEB].forward_active_energy_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Reverse Energy B", this->phase_[PHASEB].reverse_active_energy_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Harmonic Power A", this->phase_[PHASEB].harmonic_active_power_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Phase Angle A", this->phase_[PHASEB].phase_angle_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Peak Current A", this->phase_[PHASEB].peak_current_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Harmonic Power B", this->phase_[PHASEB].harmonic_active_power_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Phase Angle B", this->phase_[PHASEB].phase_angle_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Peak Current B", this->phase_[PHASEB].peak_current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Voltage C", this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Current C", this->phase_[PHASEC].current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Power C", this->phase_[PHASEC].power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Reactive Power C", this->phase_[PHASEC].reactive_power_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Apparent Power C", this->phase_[PHASEC].apparent_power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PF C", this->phase_[PHASEC].power_factor_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Forward Energy C", this->phase_[PHASEC].forward_active_energy_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Reverse Energy C", this->phase_[PHASEC].reverse_active_energy_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Harmonic Power A", this->phase_[PHASEC].harmonic_active_power_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Phase Angle A", this->phase_[PHASEC].phase_angle_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Peak Current A", this->phase_[PHASEC].peak_current_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Harmonic Power C", this->phase_[PHASEC].harmonic_active_power_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Phase Angle C", this->phase_[PHASEC].phase_angle_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Peak Current C", this->phase_[PHASEC].peak_current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Frequency", this->freq_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Chip Temp", this->chip_temperature_sensor_);
 }
@@ -298,7 +268,7 @@ uint16_t ATM90E32Component::read16_(uint16_t a_register) {
   uint8_t data[2];
   uint16_t output;
   this->enable();
-  delay_microseconds_safe(10);
+  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // min delay between CS low and first SCK is 200ns - 1ms is plenty
   this->write_byte(addrh);
   this->write_byte(addrl);
   this->read_array(data, 2);
@@ -328,8 +298,7 @@ void ATM90E32Component::write16_(uint16_t a_register, uint16_t val) {
   this->write_byte16(a_register);
   this->write_byte16(val);
   this->disable();
-  if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != val)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI write error 0x%04X val 0x%04X", a_register, val);
+  this->validate_spi_read_(val, "write16()");
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase) { return this->phase_[phase].voltage_; }
@@ -340,6 +309,8 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_active_power_(uint8_t phase) { return t
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t phase) { return this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_; }
 
+float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_apparent_power_(uint8_t phase) { return this->phase_[phase].apparent_power_; }
+
 float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t phase) { return this->phase_[phase].power_factor_; }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t phase) {
@@ -360,8 +331,7 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t phase) { return t
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase) {
   const uint16_t voltage = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMS + phase);
-  if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != voltage)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI URMS voltage register read error.");
+  this->validate_spi_read_(voltage, "get_phase_voltage()");
   return (float) voltage / 100;
 }
 
@@ -371,8 +341,7 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_voltage_avg_(uint8_t phase) {
   uint16_t voltage = 0;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < reads; i++) {
     voltage = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMS + phase);
-    if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != voltage)
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI URMS voltage register read error.");
+    this->validate_spi_read_(voltage, "get_phase_voltage_avg_()");
     accumulation += voltage;
   }
   voltage = accumulation / reads;
@@ -386,8 +355,7 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_current_avg_(uint8_t phase) {
   uint16_t current = 0;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < reads; i++) {
     current = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMS + phase);
-    if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != current)
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI IRMS current register read error.");
+    this->validate_spi_read_(current, "get_phase_current_avg_()");
     accumulation += current;
   }
   current = accumulation / reads;
@@ -397,8 +365,7 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_current_avg_(uint8_t phase) {
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_current_(uint8_t phase) {
   const uint16_t current = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMS + phase);
-  if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != current)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI IRMS current register read error.");
+  this->validate_spi_read_(current, "get_phase_current_()");
   return (float) current / 1000;
 }
 
@@ -412,11 +379,15 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t phase) {
   return val * 0.00032f;
 }
 
+float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_apparent_power_(uint8_t phase) {
+  const int val = this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEAN + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANLSB + phase);
+  return val * 0.00032f;
+}
+
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t phase) {
-  const int16_t powerfactor = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PFMEAN + phase);
-  if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != powerfactor)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI power factor read error.");
-  return (float) powerfactor / 1000;
+  uint16_t powerfactor = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PFMEAN + phase);  // unsigned to compare to lastspidata
+  this->validate_spi_read_(powerfactor, "get_phase_power_factor_()");
+  return (float) ((int16_t) powerfactor) / 1000;  // make it signed again
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t phase) {
@@ -426,17 +397,19 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t phase) {
   } else {
     this->phase_[phase].cumulative_forward_active_energy_ = val;
   }
-  return ((float) this->phase_[phase].cumulative_forward_active_energy_ * 10 / 3200);
+  // 0.01CF resolution = 0.003125 Wh per count
+  return ((float) this->phase_[phase].cumulative_forward_active_energy_ * (10.0f / 3200.0f));
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_reverse_active_energy_(uint8_t phase) {
-  const uint16_t val = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_ANENERGY);
+  const uint16_t val = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_ANENERGY + phase);
   if (UINT32_MAX - this->phase_[phase].cumulative_reverse_active_energy_ > val) {
     this->phase_[phase].cumulative_reverse_active_energy_ += val;
   } else {
     this->phase_[phase].cumulative_reverse_active_energy_ = val;
   }
-  return ((float) this->phase_[phase].cumulative_reverse_active_energy_ * 10 / 3200);
+  // 0.01CF resolution = 0.003125 Wh per count
+  return ((float) this->phase_[phase].cumulative_reverse_active_energy_ * (10.0f / 3200.0f));
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t phase) {
@@ -446,15 +419,15 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t phase) {
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_angle_(uint8_t phase) {
   uint16_t val = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PANGLE + phase) / 10.0;
-  return (float) (val > 180) ? val - 360.0 : val;
+  return (val > 180) ? (float) (val - 360.0f) : (float) val;
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t phase) {
   int16_t val = (float) this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IPEAK + phase);
   if (!this->peak_current_signed_)
-    val = abs(val);
+    val = std::abs(val);
   // phase register * phase current gain value  / 1000 * 2^13
-  return (float) (val * this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_ / 8192000.0);
+  return (val * this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_ / 8192000.0);
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_frequency_() {
@@ -467,29 +440,433 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_chip_temperature_() {
   return (float) ctemp;
 }
 
-uint16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_voltage_offset_phase(uint8_t phase) {
-  const uint8_t num_reads = 5;
-  uint64_t total_value = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_reads; ++i) {
-    const uint32_t measurement_value = read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMS + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMSLSB + phase);
-    total_value += measurement_value;
+void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
+  if (!this->enable_gain_calibration_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_gain_calibration: true");
+    return;
   }
-  const uint32_t average_value = total_value / num_reads;
-  const uint32_t shifted_value = average_value >> 7;
-  const uint32_t voltage_offset = ~shifted_value + 1;
-  return voltage_offset & 0xFFFF;  // Take the lower 16 bits
+
+  float ref_voltages[3] = {
+      this->get_reference_voltage(0),
+      this->get_reference_voltage(1),
+      this->get_reference_voltage(2),
+  };
+  float ref_currents[3] = {this->get_reference_current(0), this->get_reference_current(1),
+                           this->get_reference_current(2)};
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ========================= Gain Calibration  =========================");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ---------------------------------------------------------------------");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG,
+           "[CALIBRATION] | Phase | V_meas (V) | I_meas (A) | V_ref | I_ref  | V_gain (old→new) | I_gain (old→new) |");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ---------------------------------------------------------------------");
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    float measured_voltage = this->get_phase_voltage_avg_(phase);
+    float measured_current = this->get_phase_current_avg_(phase);
+
+    float ref_voltage = ref_voltages[phase];
+    float ref_current = ref_currents[phase];
+
+    uint16_t current_voltage_gain = this->read16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase]);
+    uint16_t current_current_gain = this->read16_(current_gain_registers[phase]);
+
+    bool did_voltage = false;
+    bool did_current = false;
+
+    // Voltage calibration
+    if (ref_voltage <= 0.0f) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping voltage calibration: reference voltage is 0.",
+               phase_labels[phase]);
+    } else if (measured_voltage == 0.0f) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping voltage calibration: measured voltage is 0.",
+               phase_labels[phase]);
+    } else {
+      uint32_t new_voltage_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>((ref_voltage / measured_voltage) * current_voltage_gain);
+      if (new_voltage_gain == 0) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Voltage gain would be 0. Check reference and measured voltage.",
+                 phase_labels[phase]);
+      } else {
+        if (new_voltage_gain >= 65535) {
+          ESP_LOGW(
+              TAG,
+              "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Voltage gain exceeds 65535. You may need a higher output voltage transformer.",
+              phase_labels[phase]);
+          new_voltage_gain = 65535;
+        }
+        this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>(new_voltage_gain);
+        did_voltage = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Current calibration
+    if (ref_current == 0.0f) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping current calibration: reference current is 0.",
+               phase_labels[phase]);
+    } else if (measured_current == 0.0f) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping current calibration: measured current is 0.",
+               phase_labels[phase]);
+    } else {
+      uint32_t new_current_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>((ref_current / measured_current) * current_current_gain);
+      if (new_current_gain == 0) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Current gain would be 0. Check reference and measured current.",
+                 phase_labels[phase]);
+      } else {
+        if (new_current_gain >= 65535) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Current gain exceeds 65535. You may need to turn up pga gain.",
+                   phase_labels[phase]);
+          new_current_gain = 65535;
+        }
+        this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>(new_current_gain);
+        did_current = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Final row output
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] |   %c   |  %9.2f |  %9.4f | %5.2f | %6.4f |  %5u → %-5u  |  %5u → %-5u  |",
+             'A' + phase, measured_voltage, measured_current, ref_voltage, ref_current, current_voltage_gain,
+             did_voltage ? this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain : current_voltage_gain, current_current_gain,
+             did_current ? this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain : current_current_gain);
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] =====================================================================\n");
+
+  this->save_gain_calibration_to_memory_();
+  this->write_gains_to_registers_();
+  this->verify_gain_writes_();
 }
 
-uint16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_current_offset_phase(uint8_t phase) {
+void ATM90E32Component::save_gain_calibration_to_memory_() {
+  bool success = this->gain_calibration_pref_.save(&this->gain_phase_);
+  if (success) {
+    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = true;
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration saved to memory.");
+  } else {
+    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Failed to save gain calibration to memory!");
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::run_offset_calibrations() {
+  if (!this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Offset calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_offset_calibration: true");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    int16_t voltage_offset = calibrate_offset(phase, true);
+    int16_t current_offset = calibrate_offset(phase, false);
+
+    this->write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, voltage_offset, current_offset);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_voltage: %d, offset_current: %d", 'A' + phase, voltage_offset,
+             current_offset);
+  }
+
+  this->offset_pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);  // Save to flash
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::run_power_offset_calibrations() {
+  if (!this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(
+        TAG,
+        "[CALIBRATION] Offset power calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_offset_calibration: true");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+    int16_t active_offset = calibrate_power_offset(phase, false);
+    int16_t reactive_offset = calibrate_power_offset(phase, true);
+
+    this->write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, active_offset, reactive_offset);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_active_power: %d, offset_reactive_power: %d", 'A' + phase,
+             active_offset, reactive_offset);
+  }
+
+  this->power_offset_pref_.save(&this->power_offset_phase_);  // Save to flash
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::write_gains_to_registers_() {
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x55AA);
+
+  for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    this->write16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase], this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain);
+    this->write16_(current_gain_registers[phase], this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain);
+  }
+
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::write_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t voltage_offset, int16_t current_offset) {
+  // Save to runtime
+  this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_ = voltage_offset;
+  this->phase_[phase].voltage_offset_ = voltage_offset;
+
+  // Save to flash-storable struct
+  this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_ = current_offset;
+  this->phase_[phase].current_offset_ = current_offset;
+
+  // Write to registers
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x55AA);
+  this->write16_(voltage_offset_registers[phase], static_cast<uint16_t>(voltage_offset));
+  this->write16_(current_offset_registers[phase], static_cast<uint16_t>(current_offset));
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::write_power_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t p_offset, int16_t q_offset) {
+  // Save to runtime
+  this->phase_[phase].active_power_offset_ = p_offset;
+  this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset_ = q_offset;
+
+  // Save to flash-storable struct
+  this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset = p_offset;
+  this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset = q_offset;
+
+  // Write to registers
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x55AA);
+  this->write16_(this->power_offset_registers[phase], static_cast<uint16_t>(p_offset));
+  this->write16_(this->reactive_power_offset_registers[phase], static_cast<uint16_t>(q_offset));
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::restore_gain_calibrations_() {
+  if (this->gain_calibration_pref_.load(&this->gain_phase_)) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Restoring saved gain calibrations to registers:");
+
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      uint16_t v_gain = this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain;
+      uint16_t i_gain = this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain;
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION]   Phase %c - Voltage Gain: %u, Current Gain: %u", 'A' + phase, v_gain, i_gain);
+    }
+
+    this->write_gains_to_registers_();
+
+    if (this->verify_gain_writes_()) {
+      this->using_saved_calibrations_ = true;
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration loaded and verified successfully.");
+    } else {
+      this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain verification failed! Calibration may not be applied correctly.");
+    }
+  } else {
+    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No stored gain calibrations found. Using config file values.");
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::restore_offset_calibrations_() {
+  if (this->offset_pref_.load(&this->offset_phase_)) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Successfully restored offset calibration from memory.");
+
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      auto &offset = this->offset_phase_[phase];
+      write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, offset.voltage_offset_, offset.current_offset_);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_voltage:: %d, offset_current: %d", 'A' + phase,
+               offset.voltage_offset_, offset.current_offset_);
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No stored offset calibrations found. Using default values.");
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::restore_power_offset_calibrations_() {
+  if (this->power_offset_pref_.load(&this->power_offset_phase_)) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Successfully restored power offset calibration from memory.");
+
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+      auto &offset = this->power_offset_phase_[phase];
+      write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, offset.active_power_offset, offset.reactive_power_offset);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_active_power: %d, offset_reactive_power: %d", 'A' + phase,
+               offset.active_power_offset, offset.reactive_power_offset);
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No stored power offsets found. Using default values.");
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::clear_gain_calibrations() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Clearing stored gain calibrations and restoring config-defined values...");
+
+  for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain = this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_;
+    gain_phase_[phase].current_gain = this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_;
+  }
+
+  bool success = this->gain_calibration_pref_.save(&this->gain_phase_);
+  this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+
+  if (success) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibrations cleared. Config values restored:");
+    for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION]   Phase %c - Voltage Gain: %u, Current Gain: %u", 'A' + phase,
+               gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain, gain_phase_[phase].current_gain);
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Failed to clear gain calibrations!");
+  }
+
+  this->write_gains_to_registers_();  // Apply them to the chip immediately
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::clear_offset_calibrations() {
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    this->write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, 0, 0);
+  }
+
+  this->offset_pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);  // Save cleared values to flash memory
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Offsets cleared.");
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::clear_power_offset_calibrations() {
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    this->write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, 0, 0);
+  }
+
+  this->power_offset_pref_.save(&this->power_offset_phase_);
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Power offsets cleared.");
+}
+
+int16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_offset(uint8_t phase, bool voltage) {
   const uint8_t num_reads = 5;
   uint64_t total_value = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_reads; ++i) {
-    const uint32_t measurement_value = read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMS + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMSLSB + phase);
-    total_value += measurement_value;
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < num_reads; ++i) {
+    uint32_t reading = voltage ? this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMS + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMSLSB + phase)
+                               : this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMS + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMSLSB + phase);
+    total_value += reading;
   }
+
   const uint32_t average_value = total_value / num_reads;
-  const uint32_t current_offset = ~average_value + 1;
-  return current_offset & 0xFFFF;  // Take the lower 16 bits
+  const uint32_t shifted = average_value >> 7;
+  const uint32_t offset = ~shifted + 1;
+  return static_cast<int16_t>(offset);  // Takes lower 16 bits
+}
+
+int16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_power_offset(uint8_t phase, bool reactive) {
+  const uint8_t num_reads = 5;
+  uint64_t total_value = 0;
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < num_reads; ++i) {
+    uint32_t reading = reactive ? this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEAN + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANLSB + phase)
+                                : this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEAN + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANLSB + phase);
+    total_value += reading;
+  }
+
+  const uint32_t average_value = total_value / num_reads;
+  const uint32_t power_offset = ~average_value + 1;
+  return static_cast<int16_t>(power_offset);  // Takes the lower 16 bits
+}
+
+bool ATM90E32Component::verify_gain_writes_() {
+  bool success = true;
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    uint16_t read_voltage = this->read16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase]);
+    uint16_t read_current = this->read16_(current_gain_registers[phase]);
+
+    if (read_voltage != this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain ||
+        read_current != this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Mismatch detected for Phase %s!", phase_labels[phase]);
+      success = false;
+    }
+  }
+  return success;  // Return true if all writes were successful, false otherwise
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+void ATM90E32Component::check_phase_status() {
+  uint16_t state0 = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_EMMSTATE0);
+  uint16_t state1 = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_EMMSTATE1);
+
+  for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    std::string status;
+
+    if (state0 & over_voltage_flags[phase])
+      status += "Over Voltage; ";
+    if (state1 & voltage_sag_flags[phase])
+      status += "Voltage Sag; ";
+    if (state1 & phase_loss_flags[phase])
+      status += "Phase Loss; ";
+
+    auto *sensor = this->phase_status_text_sensor_[phase];
+    const char *phase_name = sensor ? sensor->get_name().c_str() : "Unknown Phase";
+    if (!status.empty()) {
+      status.pop_back();  // remove space
+      status.pop_back();  // remove semicolon
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: %s", phase_name, status.c_str());
+      if (sensor != nullptr)
+        sensor->publish_state(status);
+    } else {
+      if (sensor != nullptr)
+        sensor->publish_state("Okay");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::check_freq_status() {
+  uint16_t state1 = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_EMMSTATE1);
+
+  std::string freq_status;
+
+  if (state1 & ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_FREQHIST) {
+    freq_status = "HIGH";
+  } else if (state1 & ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_FREQLOST) {
+    freq_status = "LOW";
+  } else {
+    freq_status = "Normal";
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Frequency status: %s", freq_status.c_str());
+
+  if (this->freq_status_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->freq_status_text_sensor_->publish_state(freq_status);
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::check_over_current() {
+  constexpr float max_current_threshold = 65.53f;
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    float current_val =
+        this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_ != nullptr ? this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_->state : 0.0f;
+
+    if (current_val > max_current_threshold) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Over current detected on Phase %c: %.2f A", 'A' + phase, current_val);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "You may need to half your gain_ct: value & multiply the current and power values by 2");
+      if (this->phase_status_text_sensor_[phase] != nullptr) {
+        this->phase_status_text_sensor_[phase]->publish_state("Over Current; ");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+uint16_t ATM90E32Component::calculate_voltage_threshold(int line_freq, uint16_t ugain, float multiplier) {
+  // this assumes that 60Hz electrical systems use 120V mains,
+  // which is usually, but not always the case
+  float nominal_voltage = (line_freq == 60) ? 120.0f : 220.0f;
+  float target_voltage = nominal_voltage * multiplier;
+
+  float peak_01v = target_voltage * 100.0f * std::sqrt(2.0f);  // convert RMS → peak, scale to 0.01V
+  float divider = (2.0f * ugain) / 32768.0f;
+
+  float threshold = peak_01v / divider;
+
+  return static_cast<uint16_t>(threshold);
+}
+
+bool ATM90E32Component::validate_spi_read_(uint16_t expected, const char *context) {
+  uint16_t last = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA);
+  if (last != expected) {
+    if (context != nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] SPI read mismatch: expected 0x%04X, got 0x%04X", context, expected, last);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI read mismatch: expected 0x%04X, got 0x%04X", expected, last);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
 }
 
 }  // namespace atm90e32

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include "atm90e32_reg.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/spi/spi.h"
@@ -18,6 +19,26 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   static const uint8_t PHASEA = 0;
   static const uint8_t PHASEB = 1;
   static const uint8_t PHASEC = 2;
+  const char *phase_labels[3] = {"A", "B", "C"};
+  // these registers are not sucessive, so we can't just do 'base + phase'
+  const uint16_t voltage_gain_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINB,
+                                              ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINC};
+  const uint16_t current_gain_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINB,
+                                              ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINC};
+  const uint16_t voltage_offset_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETB,
+                                                ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETC};
+  const uint16_t current_offset_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETB,
+                                                ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETC};
+  const uint16_t power_offset_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_POFFSETA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_POFFSETB,
+                                              ATM90E32_REGISTER_POFFSETC};
+  const uint16_t reactive_power_offset_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_QOFFSETA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_QOFFSETB,
+                                                       ATM90E32_REGISTER_QOFFSETC};
+  const uint16_t over_voltage_flags[3] = {ATM90E32_STATUS_S0_OVPHASEAST, ATM90E32_STATUS_S0_OVPHASEBST,
+                                          ATM90E32_STATUS_S0_OVPHASECST};
+  const uint16_t voltage_sag_flags[3] = {ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_SAGPHASEAST, ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_SAGPHASEBST,
+                                         ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_SAGPHASECST};
+  const uint16_t phase_loss_flags[3] = {ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_PHASELOSSAST, ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_PHASELOSSBST,
+                                        ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_PHASELOSSCST};
   void loop() override;
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -42,6 +63,14 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   void set_peak_current_sensor(int phase, sensor::Sensor *obj) { this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ = obj; }
   void set_volt_gain(int phase, uint16_t gain) { this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_ = gain; }
   void set_ct_gain(int phase, uint16_t gain) { this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_ = gain; }
+  void set_voltage_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) { this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_ = offset; }
+  void set_current_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) { this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_ = offset; }
+  void set_active_power_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) {
+    this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset = offset;
+  }
+  void set_reactive_power_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) {
+    this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset = offset;
+  }
   void set_freq_sensor(sensor::Sensor *freq_sensor) { freq_sensor_ = freq_sensor; }
   void set_peak_current_signed(bool flag) { peak_current_signed_ = flag; }
   void set_chip_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *chip_temperature_sensor) {
@@ -51,53 +80,104 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   void set_current_phases(int phases) { current_phases_ = phases; }
   void set_pga_gain(uint16_t gain) { pga_gain_ = gain; }
   void run_offset_calibrations();
+  void run_power_offset_calibrations();
   void clear_offset_calibrations();
+  void clear_power_offset_calibrations();
+  void clear_gain_calibrations();
   void set_enable_offset_calibration(bool flag) { enable_offset_calibration_ = flag; }
-  uint16_t calibrate_voltage_offset_phase(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  uint16_t calibrate_current_offset_phase(uint8_t /*phase*/);
+  void set_enable_gain_calibration(bool flag) { enable_gain_calibration_ = flag; }
+  int16_t calibrate_offset(uint8_t phase, bool voltage);
+  int16_t calibrate_power_offset(uint8_t phase, bool reactive);
+  void run_gain_calibrations();
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  void set_reference_voltage(uint8_t phase, number::Number *ref_voltage) { ref_voltages_[phase] = ref_voltage; }
+  void set_reference_current(uint8_t phase, number::Number *ref_current) { ref_currents_[phase] = ref_current; }
+#endif
+  float get_reference_voltage(uint8_t phase) {
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+    return (phase >= 0 && phase < 3 && ref_voltages_[phase]) ? ref_voltages_[phase]->state : 120.0;  // Default voltage
+#else
+    return 120.0;  // Default voltage
+#endif
+  }
+  float get_reference_current(uint8_t phase) {
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+    return (phase >= 0 && phase < 3 && ref_currents_[phase]) ? ref_currents_[phase]->state : 5.0f;  // Default current
+#else
+    return 5.0f;   // Default current
+#endif
+  }
+  bool using_saved_calibrations_ = false;  // Track if stored calibrations are being used
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  void check_phase_status();
+  void check_freq_status();
+  void check_over_current();
+  void set_phase_status_text_sensor(uint8_t phase, text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) {
+    this->phase_status_text_sensor_[phase] = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_freq_status_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->freq_status_text_sensor_ = sensor; }
+#endif
+  uint16_t calculate_voltage_threshold(int line_freq, uint16_t ugain, float multiplier);
   int32_t last_periodic_millis = millis();
 
  protected:
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  number::Number *ref_voltages_[3]{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
+  number::Number *ref_currents_[3]{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
+#endif
   uint16_t read16_(uint16_t a_register);
   int read32_(uint16_t addr_h, uint16_t addr_l);
   void write16_(uint16_t a_register, uint16_t val);
-  float get_local_phase_voltage_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_current_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_active_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_reverse_active_energy_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_angle_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_voltage_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_voltage_avg_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_current_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_current_avg_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_active_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_reverse_active_energy_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_angle_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
+  float get_local_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_current_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_active_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_apparent_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_reverse_active_energy_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_angle_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_voltage_avg_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_current_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_current_avg_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_active_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_apparent_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_reverse_active_energy_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_angle_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t phase);
   float get_frequency_();
   float get_chip_temperature_();
   bool get_publish_interval_flag_() { return publish_interval_flag_; };
   void set_publish_interval_flag_(bool flag) { publish_interval_flag_ = flag; };
-  void restore_calibrations_();
+  void restore_offset_calibrations_();
+  void restore_power_offset_calibrations_();
+  void restore_gain_calibrations_();
+  void save_gain_calibration_to_memory_();
+  void write_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t voltage_offset, int16_t current_offset);
+  void write_power_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t p_offset, int16_t q_offset);
+  void write_gains_to_registers_();
+  bool verify_gain_writes_();
+  bool validate_spi_read_(uint16_t expected, const char *context = nullptr);
 
   struct ATM90E32Phase {
     uint16_t voltage_gain_{0};
     uint16_t ct_gain_{0};
-    uint16_t voltage_offset_{0};
-    uint16_t current_offset_{0};
+    int16_t voltage_offset_{0};
+    int16_t current_offset_{0};
+    int16_t active_power_offset_{0};
+    int16_t reactive_power_offset_{0};
     float voltage_{0};
     float current_{0};
     float active_power_{0};
     float reactive_power_{0};
+    float apparent_power_{0};
     float power_factor_{0};
     float forward_active_energy_{0};
     float reverse_active_energy_{0};
@@ -119,14 +199,30 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
     uint32_t cumulative_reverse_active_energy_{0};
   } phase_[3];
 
-  struct Calibration {
-    uint16_t voltage_offset_{0};
-    uint16_t current_offset_{0};
+  struct OffsetCalibration {
+    int16_t voltage_offset_{0};
+    int16_t current_offset_{0};
   } offset_phase_[3];
 
-  ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
+  struct PowerOffsetCalibration {
+    int16_t active_power_offset{0};
+    int16_t reactive_power_offset{0};
+  } power_offset_phase_[3];
+
+  struct GainCalibration {
+    uint16_t voltage_gain{1};
+    uint16_t current_gain{1};
+  } gain_phase_[3];
+
+  ESPPreferenceObject offset_pref_;
+  ESPPreferenceObject power_offset_pref_;
+  ESPPreferenceObject gain_calibration_pref_;
 
   sensor::Sensor *freq_sensor_{nullptr};
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  text_sensor::TextSensor *phase_status_text_sensor_[3]{nullptr};
+  text_sensor::TextSensor *freq_status_text_sensor_{nullptr};
+#endif
   sensor::Sensor *chip_temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
   uint16_t pga_gain_{0x15};
   int line_freq_{60};
@@ -134,6 +230,7 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   bool publish_interval_flag_{false};
   bool peak_current_signed_{false};
   bool enable_offset_calibration_{false};
+  bool enable_gain_calibration_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace atm90e32

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32_reg.h

@@ -176,16 +176,17 @@ static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_ANENERGYCH = 0xAF;  // C Reverse Harm. E
 
 /* POWER & P.F. REGISTERS */
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANT = 0xB0;   // Total Mean Power (P)
-static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEAN = 0xB1;    // Mean Power Reg Base (P)
+static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEAN = 0xB1;    // Active Power Reg Base (P)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANA = 0xB1;   // A Mean Power (P)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANB = 0xB2;   // B Mean Power (P)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANC = 0xB3;   // C Mean Power (P)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANT = 0xB4;   // Total Mean Power (Q)
-static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEAN = 0xB5;    // Mean Power Reg Base (Q)
+static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEAN = 0xB5;    // Reactive Power Reg Base (Q)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANA = 0xB5;   // A Mean Power (Q)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANB = 0xB6;   // B Mean Power (Q)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANC = 0xB7;   // C Mean Power (Q)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANT = 0xB8;   // Total Mean Power (S)
+static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEAN = 0xB9;    // Apparent Mean Power Base (S)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANA = 0xB9;   // A Mean Power (S)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANB = 0xBA;   // B Mean Power (S)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANC = 0xBB;   // C Mean Power (S)
@@ -206,6 +207,7 @@ static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANALSB = 0xC5;   // Lower Word (A Rea
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANBLSB = 0xC6;   // Lower Word (B React. Power)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANCLSB = 0xC7;   // Lower Word (C React. Power)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SAMEANTLSB = 0xC8;  // Lower Word (Tot. App. Power)
+static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANLSB = 0xC9;    // Lower Word Reg Base (Apparent Power)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANALSB = 0xC9;   // Lower Word (A App. Power)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANBLSB = 0xCA;   // Lower Word (B App. Power)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANCLSB = 0xCB;   // Lower Word (C App. Power)

esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py

@@ -1,43 +1,95 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_CHIP, ICON_SCALE
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_SCALE
 
 from .. import atm90e32_ns
 from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
 
+CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION = "run_gain_calibration"
+CONF_CLEAR_GAIN_CALIBRATION = "clear_gain_calibration"
 CONF_RUN_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "run_offset_calibration"
 CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "clear_offset_calibration"
+CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "run_power_offset_calibration"
+CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "clear_power_offset_calibration"
 
-ATM90E32CalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
-    "ATM90E32CalibrationButton",
-    button.Button,
+ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton", button.Button
 )
-ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
-    "ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton",
-    button.Button,
+ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton", button.Button
+)
+ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
+)
+ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
+)
+ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
+)
+ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(ATM90E32Component),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
+        ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        icon="mdi:scale-balance",
+    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_GAIN_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
+        ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        icon="mdi:delete",
+    ),
     cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
-        ATM90E32CalibrationButton,
+        ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_SCALE,
     ),
     cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
-        ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton,
+        ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
-        icon=ICON_CHIP,
+        icon="mdi:delete",
+    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
+        ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        icon=ICON_SCALE,
+    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
+        ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        icon="mdi:delete",
     ),
 }
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+
+    if run_gain := config.get(CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION):
+        b = await button.new_button(run_gain)
+        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+
+    if clear_gain := config.get(CONF_CLEAR_GAIN_CALIBRATION):
+        b = await button.new_button(clear_gain)
+        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+
     if run_offset := config.get(CONF_RUN_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
         b = await button.new_button(run_offset)
         await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+
     if clear_offset := config.get(CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
         b = await button.new_button(clear_offset)
         await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+
+    if run_power := config.get(CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
+        b = await button.new_button(run_power)
+        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+
+    if clear_power := config.get(CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
+        b = await button.new_button(clear_power)
+        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)

esphome/components/atm90e32/button/atm90e32_button.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "atm90e32_button.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -6,15 +7,73 @@ namespace atm90e32 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "atm90e32.button";
 
-void ATM90E32CalibrationButton::press_action() {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Running offset calibrations, Note: CTs and ACVs must be 0 during this process...");
+void ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Gain Calibration button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG,
+           "[CALIBRATION] Use gain_ct: & gain_voltage: under each phase_x: in your config file to save these values");
+  this->parent_->run_gain_calibrations();
+}
+
+void ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Clear Gain button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
+  this->parent_->clear_gain_calibrations();
+}
+
+void ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Offset Calibration button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] **NOTE: CTs and ACVs must be 0 during this process. USB power only**");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Use offset_voltage: & offset_current: under each phase_x: in your config file to save "
+                "these values");
   this->parent_->run_offset_calibrations();
 }
 
-void ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton::press_action() {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Offset calibrations cleared.");
+void ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Clear Offset button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
   this->parent_->clear_offset_calibrations();
 }
 
+void ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Power Calibration button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] **NOTE: CTs must be 0 during this process. Voltage reference should be present**");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Use offset_active_power: & offset_reactive_power: under each phase_x: in your config "
+                "file to save these values");
+  this->parent_->run_power_offset_calibrations();
+}
+
+void ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Clear Power button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
+  this->parent_->clear_power_offset_calibrations();
+}
+
 }  // namespace atm90e32
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/atm90e32/button/atm90e32_button.h

@@ -7,17 +7,49 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace atm90e32 {
 
-class ATM90E32CalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+class ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
  public:
-  ATM90E32CalibrationButton() = default;
+  ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton() = default;
 
  protected:
   void press_action() override;
 };
 
-class ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+class ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
  public:
-  ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton() = default;
+  ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+class ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+ public:
+  ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+class ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+ public:
+  ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+class ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+ public:
+  ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+class ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+ public:
+  ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
 
  protected:
   void press_action() override;

esphome/components/atm90e32/number/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import number
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MAX_VALUE,
+    CONF_MIN_VALUE,
+    CONF_MODE,
+    CONF_PHASE_A,
+    CONF_PHASE_B,
+    CONF_PHASE_C,
+    CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE,
+    CONF_STEP,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    UNIT_AMPERE,
+    UNIT_VOLT,
+)
+
+from .. import atm90e32_ns
+from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
+
+ATM90E32Number = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32Number", number.Number, cg.Parented.template(ATM90E32Component)
+)
+
+CONF_REFERENCE_CURRENT = "reference_current"
+PHASE_KEYS = [CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_PHASE_B, CONF_PHASE_C]
+
+
+REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_PHASE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODE, default="box"): cv.string,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_VALUE, default=100.0): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_VALUE, default=260.0): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_STEP, default=0.1): cv.float_,
+        }
+    ).extend(
+        number.number_schema(
+            class_=ATM90E32Number,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+            icon="mdi:power-plug",
+        )
+    )
+)
+
+
+REFERENCE_CURRENT_PHASE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODE, default="box"): cv.string,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_VALUE, default=1.0): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_VALUE, default=200.0): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_STEP, default=0.1): cv.float_,
+        }
+    ).extend(
+        number.number_schema(
+            class_=ATM90E32Number,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_AMPERE,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+            icon="mdi:home-lightning-bolt",
+        )
+    )
+)
+
+
+REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_A): REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_B): REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_C): REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+    }
+)
+
+REFERENCE_CURRENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_A): REFERENCE_CURRENT_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_B): REFERENCE_CURRENT_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_C): REFERENCE_CURRENT_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+    }
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(ATM90E32Component),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE): REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_REFERENCE_CURRENT): REFERENCE_CURRENT_SCHEMA,
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+
+    if voltage_cfg := config.get(CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE):
+        voltage_objs = [None, None, None]
+
+        for i, key in enumerate(PHASE_KEYS):
+            if validated := voltage_cfg.get(key):
+                obj = await number.new_number(
+                    validated,
+                    min_value=validated["min_value"],
+                    max_value=validated["max_value"],
+                    step=validated["step"],
+                )
+                await cg.register_parented(obj, parent)
+                voltage_objs[i] = obj
+
+        # Inherit from A → B/C if only A defined
+        if voltage_objs[0] is not None:
+            for i in range(3):
+                if voltage_objs[i] is None:
+                    voltage_objs[i] = voltage_objs[0]
+
+        for i, obj in enumerate(voltage_objs):
+            if obj is not None:
+                cg.add(parent.set_reference_voltage(i, obj))
+
+    if current_cfg := config.get(CONF_REFERENCE_CURRENT):
+        for i, key in enumerate(PHASE_KEYS):
+            if validated := current_cfg.get(key):
+                obj = await number.new_number(
+                    validated,
+                    min_value=validated["min_value"],
+                    max_value=validated["max_value"],
+                    step=validated["step"],
+                )
+                await cg.register_parented(obj, parent)
+                cg.add(parent.set_reference_current(i, obj))

esphome/components/atm90e32/number/atm90e32_number.h

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.h"
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace atm90e32 {
+
+class ATM90E32Number : public number::Number, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+ public:
+  void control(float value) override { this->publish_state(value); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace atm90e32
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_HERTZ,
     UNIT_VOLT,
+    UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
     UNIT_VOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE,
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
@@ -45,10 +46,17 @@ CONF_GAIN_PGA = "gain_pga"
 CONF_CURRENT_PHASES = "current_phases"
 CONF_GAIN_VOLTAGE = "gain_voltage"
 CONF_GAIN_CT = "gain_ct"
+CONF_OFFSET_VOLTAGE = "offset_voltage"
+CONF_OFFSET_CURRENT = "offset_current"
+CONF_OFFSET_ACTIVE_POWER = "offset_active_power"
+CONF_OFFSET_REACTIVE_POWER = "offset_reactive_power"
 CONF_HARMONIC_POWER = "harmonic_power"
 CONF_PEAK_CURRENT = "peak_current"
 CONF_PEAK_CURRENT_SIGNED = "peak_current_signed"
 CONF_ENABLE_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "enable_offset_calibration"
+CONF_ENABLE_GAIN_CALIBRATION = "enable_gain_calibration"
+CONF_PHASE_STATUS = "phase_status"
+CONF_FREQUENCY_STATUS = "frequency_status"
 UNIT_DEG = "degrees"
 LINE_FREQS = {
     "50HZ": 50,
@@ -92,10 +100,11 @@ ATM90E32_PHASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE,
             icon=ICON_LIGHTBULB,
             accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_APPARENT_POWER): sensor.sensor_schema(
-            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_WATT,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
             accuracy_decimals=2,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
@@ -137,6 +146,10 @@ ATM90E32_PHASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_GAIN_VOLTAGE, default=7305): cv.uint16_t,
         cv.Optional(CONF_GAIN_CT, default=27961): cv.uint16_t,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OFFSET_VOLTAGE, default=0): cv.int_,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OFFSET_CURRENT, default=0): cv.int_,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OFFSET_ACTIVE_POWER, default=0): cv.int_,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OFFSET_REACTIVE_POWER, default=0): cv.int_,
     }
 )
 
@@ -164,9 +177,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Optional(CONF_CURRENT_PHASES, default="3"): cv.enum(
                 CURRENT_PHASES, upper=True
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_GAIN_PGA, default="2X"): cv.enum(PGA_GAINS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_GAIN_PGA, default="1X"): cv.enum(PGA_GAINS, upper=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PEAK_CURRENT_SIGNED, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_OFFSET_CALIBRATION, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_GAIN_CALIBRATION, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
@@ -185,6 +199,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
         conf = config[phase]
         cg.add(var.set_volt_gain(i, conf[CONF_GAIN_VOLTAGE]))
         cg.add(var.set_ct_gain(i, conf[CONF_GAIN_CT]))
+        cg.add(var.set_voltage_offset(i, conf[CONF_OFFSET_VOLTAGE]))
+        cg.add(var.set_current_offset(i, conf[CONF_OFFSET_CURRENT]))
+        cg.add(var.set_active_power_offset(i, conf[CONF_OFFSET_ACTIVE_POWER]))
+        cg.add(var.set_reactive_power_offset(i, conf[CONF_OFFSET_REACTIVE_POWER]))
         if voltage_config := conf.get(CONF_VOLTAGE):
             sens = await sensor.new_sensor(voltage_config)
             cg.add(var.set_voltage_sensor(i, sens))
@@ -218,16 +236,15 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if peak_current_config := conf.get(CONF_PEAK_CURRENT):
             sens = await sensor.new_sensor(peak_current_config)
             cg.add(var.set_peak_current_sensor(i, sens))
-
     if frequency_config := config.get(CONF_FREQUENCY):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(frequency_config)
         cg.add(var.set_freq_sensor(sens))
     if chip_temperature_config := config.get(CONF_CHIP_TEMPERATURE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(chip_temperature_config)
         cg.add(var.set_chip_temperature_sensor(sens))
-
     cg.add(var.set_line_freq(config[CONF_LINE_FREQUENCY]))
     cg.add(var.set_current_phases(config[CONF_CURRENT_PHASES]))
     cg.add(var.set_pga_gain(config[CONF_GAIN_PGA]))
     cg.add(var.set_peak_current_signed(config[CONF_PEAK_CURRENT_SIGNED]))
     cg.add(var.set_enable_offset_calibration(config[CONF_ENABLE_OFFSET_CALIBRATION]))
+    cg.add(var.set_enable_gain_calibration(config[CONF_ENABLE_GAIN_CALIBRATION]))

esphome/components/atm90e32/text_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import text_sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_PHASE_B, CONF_PHASE_C
+
+from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
+
+CONF_PHASE_STATUS = "phase_status"
+CONF_FREQUENCY_STATUS = "frequency_status"
+PHASE_KEYS = [CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_PHASE_B, CONF_PHASE_C]
+
+PHASE_STATUS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_A): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            icon="mdi:flash-alert"
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_B): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            icon="mdi:flash-alert"
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_C): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            icon="mdi:flash-alert"
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(ATM90E32Component),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_STATUS): PHASE_STATUS_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FREQUENCY_STATUS): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            icon="mdi:lightbulb-alert"
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+
+    if phase_cfg := config.get(CONF_PHASE_STATUS):
+        for i, key in enumerate(PHASE_KEYS):
+            if sub_phase_cfg := phase_cfg.get(key):
+                sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(sub_phase_cfg)
+                cg.add(parent.set_phase_status_text_sensor(i, sens))
+
+    if freq_status_config := config.get(CONF_FREQUENCY_STATUS):
+        sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(freq_status_config)
+        cg.add(parent.set_freq_status_text_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/audio/__init__.py

@@ -37,16 +37,13 @@ AUDIO_COMPONENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-_UNDEF = object()
-
-
 def set_stream_limits(
-    min_bits_per_sample: int = _UNDEF,
-    max_bits_per_sample: int = _UNDEF,
-    min_channels: int = _UNDEF,
-    max_channels: int = _UNDEF,
-    min_sample_rate: int = _UNDEF,
-    max_sample_rate: int = _UNDEF,
+    min_bits_per_sample: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    max_bits_per_sample: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    min_channels: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    max_channels: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    min_sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    max_sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
 ):
     """Sets the limits for the audio stream that audio component can handle
 
@@ -55,17 +52,17 @@ def set_stream_limits(
     """
 
     def set_limits_in_config(config):
-        if min_bits_per_sample is not _UNDEF:
+        if min_bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MIN_BITS_PER_SAMPLE] = min_bits_per_sample
-        if max_bits_per_sample is not _UNDEF:
+        if max_bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MAX_BITS_PER_SAMPLE] = max_bits_per_sample
-        if min_channels is not _UNDEF:
+        if min_channels is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MIN_CHANNELS] = min_channels
-        if max_channels is not _UNDEF:
+        if max_channels is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MAX_CHANNELS] = max_channels
-        if min_sample_rate is not _UNDEF:
+        if min_sample_rate is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE] = min_sample_rate
-        if max_sample_rate is not _UNDEF:
+        if max_sample_rate is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE] = max_sample_rate
 
     return set_limits_in_config
@@ -75,10 +72,10 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
     name: str,
     *,
     audio_device: str,
-    bits_per_sample: int = _UNDEF,
-    channels: int = _UNDEF,
-    sample_rate: int = _UNDEF,
-    enabled_channels: list[int] = _UNDEF,
+    bits_per_sample: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    channels: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    enabled_channels: list[int] = cv.UNDEFINED,
     audio_device_issue: bool = False,
 ):
     """Validates audio compatibility when passed between different components.
@@ -101,7 +98,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
     def validate_audio_compatiblity(audio_config):
         audio_schema = {}
 
-        if bits_per_sample is not _UNDEF:
+        if bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             try:
                 cv.int_range(
                     min=audio_config.get(CONF_MIN_BITS_PER_SAMPLE),
@@ -114,7 +111,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
                     error_string = f"Invalid configuration for the {name} component. The {CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE} {str(exc)}"
                 raise cv.Invalid(error_string) from exc
 
-        if channels is not _UNDEF:
+        if channels is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             try:
                 cv.int_range(
                     min=audio_config.get(CONF_MIN_CHANNELS),
@@ -127,7 +124,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
                     error_string = f"Invalid configuration for the {name} component. The {CONF_NUM_CHANNELS} {str(exc)}"
                 raise cv.Invalid(error_string) from exc
 
-        if sample_rate is not _UNDEF:
+        if sample_rate is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             try:
                 cv.int_range(
                     min=audio_config.get(CONF_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE),
@@ -140,7 +137,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
                     error_string = f"Invalid configuration for the {name} component. The {CONF_SAMPLE_RATE} {str(exc)}"
                 raise cv.Invalid(error_string) from exc
 
-        if enabled_channels is not _UNDEF:
+        if enabled_channels is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             for channel in enabled_channels:
                 try:
                     # Channels are 0-indexed
@@ -168,4 +165,4 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    cg.add_library("esphome/esp-audio-libs", "1.1.3")
+    cg.add_library("esphome/esp-audio-libs", "1.1.4")

esphome/components/audio/audio.h

@@ -135,5 +135,53 @@ const char *audio_file_type_to_string(AudioFileType file_type);
 void scale_audio_samples(const int16_t *audio_samples, int16_t *output_buffer, int16_t scale_factor,
                          size_t samples_to_scale);
 
+/// @brief Unpacks a quantized audio sample into a Q31 fixed-point number.
+/// @param data Pointer to uint8_t array containing the audio sample
+/// @param bytes_per_sample The number of bytes per sample
+/// @return Q31 sample
+inline int32_t unpack_audio_sample_to_q31(const uint8_t *data, size_t bytes_per_sample) {
+  int32_t sample = 0;
+  if (bytes_per_sample == 1) {
+    sample |= data[0] << 24;
+  } else if (bytes_per_sample == 2) {
+    sample |= data[0] << 16;
+    sample |= data[1] << 24;
+  } else if (bytes_per_sample == 3) {
+    sample |= data[0] << 8;
+    sample |= data[1] << 16;
+    sample |= data[2] << 24;
+  } else if (bytes_per_sample == 4) {
+    sample |= data[0];
+    sample |= data[1] << 8;
+    sample |= data[2] << 16;
+    sample |= data[3] << 24;
+  }
+
+  return sample;
+}
+
+/// @brief Packs a Q31 fixed-point number as an audio sample with the specified number of bytes per sample.
+/// Packs the most significant bits - no dithering is applied.
+/// @param sample Q31 fixed-point number to pack
+/// @param data Pointer to data array to store
+/// @param bytes_per_sample The audio data's bytes per sample
+inline void pack_q31_as_audio_sample(int32_t sample, uint8_t *data, size_t bytes_per_sample) {
+  if (bytes_per_sample == 1) {
+    data[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 24);
+  } else if (bytes_per_sample == 2) {
+    data[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 16);
+    data[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 24);
+  } else if (bytes_per_sample == 3) {
+    data[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 8);
+    data[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 16);
+    data[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 24);
+  } else if (bytes_per_sample == 4) {
+    data[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample);
+    data[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 8);
+    data[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 16);
+    data[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 24);
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace audio
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
 
     bytes_available_before_processing = this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
 
-    if ((this->potentially_failed_count_ > 10) && (bytes_read == 0)) {
+    if ((this->potentially_failed_count_ > 0) && (bytes_read == 0)) {
       // Failed to decode in last attempt and there is no new data
 
       if ((this->input_transfer_buffer_->free() == 0) && first_loop_iteration) {

esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ def validate_click_timing(value):
     return value
 
 
-BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = (
+_BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
@@ -458,19 +458,17 @@ BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = (
     )
 )
 
-_UNDEF = object()
-
 
 def binary_sensor_schema(
-    class_: MockObjClass = _UNDEF,
+    class_: MockObjClass = cv.UNDEFINED,
     *,
-    icon: str = _UNDEF,
-    entity_category: str = _UNDEF,
-    device_class: str = _UNDEF,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    device_class: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
 ) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = {}
 
-    if class_ is not _UNDEF:
+    if class_ is not cv.UNDEFINED:
         # Not cv.optional
         schema[cv.GenerateID()] = cv.declare_id(class_)
 
@@ -479,10 +477,15 @@ def binary_sensor_schema(
         (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
         (CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, device_class, validate_device_class),
     ]:
-        if default is not _UNDEF:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
 
-    return BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+    return _BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = binary_sensor_schema()
+BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("binary_sensor"))
 
 
 async def setup_binary_sensor_core_(var, config):

esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from esphome.components import ble_client, esp32_ble_tracker, text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_NOTIFY,
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
@@ -32,9 +31,9 @@ BLETextSensorNotifyTrigger = ble_client_ns.class_(
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    text_sensor.TEXT_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(
+    text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(BLETextSensor)
+    .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLETextSensor),
             cv.Required(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
             cv.Required(CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     if len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
         cg.add(
             var.set_service_uuid16(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]))
@@ -101,7 +100,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_enable_notify(config[CONF_NOTIFY]))
-    await text_sensor.register_text_sensor(var, config)
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_NOTIFY, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await ble_client.register_ble_node(trigger, config)

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp

@@ -73,9 +73,8 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->read.handle;
       resp.data.reserve(param->read.value_len);
-      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < param->read.value_len; i++) {
-        resp.data.push_back(param->read.value[i]);
-      }
+      // Use bulk insert instead of individual push_backs
+      resp.data.insert(resp.data.end(), param->read.value, param->read.value + param->read.value_len);
       this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_bluetooth_gatt_read_response(resp);
       break;
     }
@@ -127,9 +126,8 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->notify.handle;
       resp.data.reserve(param->notify.value_len);
-      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < param->notify.value_len; i++) {
-        resp.data.push_back(param->notify.value[i]);
-      }
+      // Use bulk insert instead of individual push_backs
+      resp.data.insert(resp.data.end(), param->notify.value, param->notify.value + param->notify.value_len);
       this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_bluetooth_gatt_notify_data_response(resp);
       break;
     }

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp

@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ bool BluetoothProxy::parse_devices(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_scan_result_evt_p
     return false;
 
   api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse resp;
+  // Pre-allocate the advertisements vector to avoid reallocations
+  resp.advertisements.reserve(count);
+
   for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
     auto &result = advertisements[i];
     api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisement adv;
@@ -65,9 +68,8 @@ bool BluetoothProxy::parse_devices(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_scan_result_evt_p
 
     uint8_t length = result.adv_data_len + result.scan_rsp_len;
     adv.data.reserve(length);
-    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      adv.data.push_back(result.ble_adv[i]);
-    }
+    // Use a bulk insert instead of individual push_backs
+    adv.data.insert(adv.data.end(), &result.ble_adv[0], &result.ble_adv[length]);
 
     resp.advertisements.push_back(std::move(adv));
 
@@ -85,21 +87,34 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_api_packet_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devi
   if (!device.get_name().empty())
     resp.name = device.get_name();
   resp.rssi = device.get_rssi();
-  for (auto uuid : device.get_service_uuids()) {
+
+  // Pre-allocate vectors based on known sizes
+  auto service_uuids = device.get_service_uuids();
+  resp.service_uuids.reserve(service_uuids.size());
+  for (auto uuid : service_uuids) {
     resp.service_uuids.push_back(uuid.to_string());
   }
-  for (auto &data : device.get_service_datas()) {
+
+  // Pre-allocate service data vector
+  auto service_datas = device.get_service_datas();
+  resp.service_data.reserve(service_datas.size());
+  for (auto &data : service_datas) {
     api::BluetoothServiceData service_data;
     service_data.uuid = data.uuid.to_string();
     service_data.data.assign(data.data.begin(), data.data.end());
     resp.service_data.push_back(std::move(service_data));
   }
-  for (auto &data : device.get_manufacturer_datas()) {
+
+  // Pre-allocate manufacturer data vector
+  auto manufacturer_datas = device.get_manufacturer_datas();
+  resp.manufacturer_data.reserve(manufacturer_datas.size());
+  for (auto &data : manufacturer_datas) {
     api::BluetoothServiceData manufacturer_data;
     manufacturer_data.uuid = data.uuid.to_string();
     manufacturer_data.data.assign(data.data.begin(), data.data.end());
     resp.manufacturer_data.push_back(std::move(manufacturer_data));
   }
+
   this->api_connection_->send_bluetooth_le_advertisement(resp);
 }
 
@@ -161,11 +176,27 @@ void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
       }
       api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
       resp.address = connection->get_address();
+      resp.services.reserve(1);  // Always one service per response in this implementation
       api::BluetoothGATTService service_resp;
       service_resp.uuid = get_128bit_uuid_vec(service_result.uuid);
       service_resp.handle = service_result.start_handle;
       uint16_t char_offset = 0;
       esp_gattc_char_elem_t char_result;
+      // Get the number of characteristics directly with one call
+      uint16_t total_char_count = 0;
+      esp_gatt_status_t char_count_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(
+          connection->get_gattc_if(), connection->get_conn_id(), ESP_GATT_DB_CHARACTERISTIC,
+          service_result.start_handle, service_result.end_handle, 0, &total_char_count);
+
+      if (char_count_status == ESP_GATT_OK && total_char_count > 0) {
+        // Only reserve if we successfully got a count
+        service_resp.characteristics.reserve(total_char_count);
+      } else if (char_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error getting characteristic count, status=%d", connection->get_connection_index(),
+                 connection->address_str().c_str(), char_count_status);
+      }
+
+      // Now process characteristics
       while (true) {  // characteristics
         uint16_t char_count = 1;
         esp_gatt_status_t char_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char(
@@ -187,6 +218,23 @@ void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
         characteristic_resp.handle = char_result.char_handle;
         characteristic_resp.properties = char_result.properties;
         char_offset++;
+
+        // Get the number of descriptors directly with one call
+        uint16_t total_desc_count = 0;
+        esp_gatt_status_t desc_count_status =
+            esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(connection->get_gattc_if(), connection->get_conn_id(), ESP_GATT_DB_DESCRIPTOR,
+                                         char_result.char_handle, service_result.end_handle, 0, &total_desc_count);
+
+        if (desc_count_status == ESP_GATT_OK && total_desc_count > 0) {
+          // Only reserve if we successfully got a count
+          characteristic_resp.descriptors.reserve(total_desc_count);
+        } else if (desc_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error getting descriptor count for char handle %d, status=%d",
+                   connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str().c_str(), char_result.char_handle,
+                   desc_count_status);
+        }
+
+        // Now process descriptors
         uint16_t desc_offset = 0;
         esp_gattc_descr_elem_t desc_result;
         while (true) {  // descriptors

esphome/components/button/__init__.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ ButtonPressTrigger = button_ns.class_(
 validate_device_class = cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True, space="_")
 
 
-BUTTON_SCHEMA = (
+_BUTTON_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
@@ -60,15 +60,13 @@ BUTTON_SCHEMA = (
     )
 )
 
-_UNDEF = object()
-
 
 def button_schema(
     class_: MockObjClass,
     *,
-    icon: str = _UNDEF,
-    entity_category: str = _UNDEF,
-    device_class: str = _UNDEF,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    device_class: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
 ) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_)}
 
@@ -77,10 +75,15 @@ def button_schema(
         (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
         (CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, device_class, validate_device_class),
     ]:
-        if default is not _UNDEF:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
 
-    return BUTTON_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+    return _BUTTON_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+BUTTON_SCHEMA = button_schema(Button)
+BUTTON_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("button"))
 
 
 async def setup_button_core_(var, config):

esphome/components/climate/__init__.py

@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_STATE_TOPIC,
     CONF_CUSTOM_FAN_MODE,
     CONF_CUSTOM_PRESET,
+    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
     CONF_FAN_MODE,
     CONF_FAN_MODE_COMMAND_TOPIC,
     CONF_FAN_MODE_STATE_TOPIC,
+    CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE,
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import setup_entity
 
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -151,12 +154,11 @@ ControlTrigger = climate_ns.class_(
     "ControlTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(ClimateCall.operator("ref"))
 )
 
-CLIMATE_SCHEMA = (
+_CLIMATE_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Climate),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTClimateComponent),
             cv.Optional(CONF_VISUAL, default={}): cv.Schema(
                 {
@@ -245,6 +247,31 @@ CLIMATE_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
+def climate_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+    *,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
+    }
+
+    for key, default, validator in [
+        (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
+        (CONF_ICON, icon, cv.icon),
+    ]:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
+            schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
+
+    return _CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+CLIMATE_SCHEMA = climate_schema(Climate)
+CLIMATE_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("climate"))
+
+
 async def setup_climate_core_(var, config):
     await setup_entity(var, config)
 
@@ -419,6 +446,12 @@ async def register_climate(var, config):
     await setup_climate_core_(var, config)
 
 
+async def new_climate(config, *args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
+    await register_climate(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
 CLIMATE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Climate),

esphome/components/copy/cover/__init__.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
     CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
     CONF_ICON,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
@@ -15,12 +14,15 @@ from .. import copy_ns
 CopyCover = copy_ns.class_("CopyCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CopyCover),
-        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(cover.Cover),
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cover.cover_schema(CopyCover)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(cover.Cover),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     inherit_property_from(CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID),
@@ -30,8 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cover.register_cover(var, config)
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     source = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SOURCE_ID])

esphome/components/copy/lock/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import lock
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_ID, CONF_SOURCE_ID
+from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
 
 from .. import copy_ns
@@ -9,12 +9,15 @@ from .. import copy_ns
 CopyLock = copy_ns.class_("CopyLock", lock.Lock, cg.Component)
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = lock.LOCK_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CopyLock),
-        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(lock.Lock),
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    lock.lock_schema(CopyLock)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(lock.Lock),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     inherit_property_from(CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID),
@@ -23,8 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await lock.register_lock(var, config)
+    var = await lock.new_lock(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     source = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SOURCE_ID])

esphome/components/copy/text/__init__.py

@@ -9,12 +9,15 @@ from .. import copy_ns
 CopyText = copy_ns.class_("CopyText", text.Text, cg.Component)
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = text.TEXT_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CopyText),
-        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(text.Text),
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    text.text_schema(CopyText)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(text.Text),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     inherit_property_from(CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID),

esphome/components/cover/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
+    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
+    CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_ON_OPEN,
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_WINDOW,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import setup_entity
 
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -89,12 +92,11 @@ CoverClosedTrigger = cover_ns.class_(
 
 CONF_ON_CLOSED = "on_closed"
 
-COVER_SCHEMA = (
+_COVER_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Cover),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTCoverComponent),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_POSITION_COMMAND_TOPIC): cv.All(
@@ -124,6 +126,33 @@ COVER_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
+def cover_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+    *,
+    device_class: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
+    }
+
+    for key, default, validator in [
+        (CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, device_class, cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True)),
+        (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
+        (CONF_ICON, icon, cv.icon),
+    ]:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
+            schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
+
+    return _COVER_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+COVER_SCHEMA = cover_schema(Cover)
+COVER_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("cover"))
+
+
 async def setup_cover_core_(var, config):
     await setup_entity(var, config)
 
@@ -163,6 +192,12 @@ async def register_cover(var, config):
     await setup_cover_core_(var, config)
 
 
+async def new_cover(config, *args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
+    await register_cover(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
 COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     {
         cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Cover),

esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+
+from .. import cst226_ns
+from ..touchscreen import CST226ButtonListener, CST226Touchscreen
+
+CONF_CST226_ID = "cst226_id"
+
+CST226Button = cst226_ns.class_(
+    "CST226Button",
+    binary_sensor.BinarySensor,
+    cg.Component,
+    CST226ButtonListener,
+    cg.Parented.template(CST226Touchscreen),
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(CST226Button).extend(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_CST226_ID): cv.use_id(CST226Touchscreen),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(config)
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_CST226_ID])

esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/cs226_button.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
+#include "../touchscreen/cst226_touchscreen.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace cst226 {
+
+class CST226Button : public binary_sensor::BinarySensor,
+                     public Component,
+                     public CST226ButtonListener,
+                     public Parented<CST226Touchscreen> {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void update_button(bool state) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace cst226
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/cst226/binary_sensor/cstt6_button.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "cs226_button.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace cst226 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "CST226.binary_sensor";
+
+void CST226Button::setup() {
+  this->parent_->register_button_listener(this);
+  this->publish_initial_state(false);
+}
+
+void CST226Button::dump_config() { LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("", "CST226 Button", this); }
+
+void CST226Button::update_button(bool state) { this->publish_state(state); }
+
+}  // namespace cst226
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/cst226_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace cst226 {
 
+static const char *const TAG = "cst226.touchscreen";
+
 void CST226Touchscreen::setup() {
-  esph_log_config(TAG, "Setting up CST226 Touchscreen...");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up CST226 Touchscreen...");
   if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
     this->reset_pin_->setup();
     this->reset_pin_->digital_write(true);
@@ -26,6 +28,11 @@ void CST226Touchscreen::update_touches() {
     return;
   }
   this->status_clear_warning();
+  if (data[0] == 0x83 && data[1] == 0x17 && data[5] == 0x80) {
+    this->update_button_state_(true);
+    return;
+  }
+  this->update_button_state_(false);
   if (data[6] != 0xAB || data[0] == 0xAB || data[5] == 0x80) {
     this->skip_update_ = true;
     return;
@@ -43,13 +50,21 @@ void CST226Touchscreen::update_touches() {
     int16_t y = (data[index + 2] << 4) | (data[index + 3] & 0x0F);
     int16_t z = data[index + 4];
     this->add_raw_touch_position_(id, x, y, z);
-    esph_log_v(TAG, "Read touch %d: %d/%d", id, x, y);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Read touch %d: %d/%d", id, x, y);
     index += 5;
     if (i == 0)
       index += 2;
   }
 }
 
+bool CST226Touchscreen::read16_(uint16_t addr, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (this->read_register16(addr, data, len) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Read data from 0x%04X failed", addr);
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
 void CST226Touchscreen::continue_setup_() {
   uint8_t buffer[8];
   if (this->interrupt_pin_ != nullptr) {
@@ -58,7 +73,7 @@ void CST226Touchscreen::continue_setup_() {
   }
   buffer[0] = 0xD1;
   if (this->write_register16(0xD1, buffer, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    esph_log_e(TAG, "Write byte to 0xD1 failed");
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Write byte to 0xD1 failed");
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
@@ -66,7 +81,7 @@ void CST226Touchscreen::continue_setup_() {
   if (this->read16_(0xD204, buffer, 4)) {
     uint16_t chip_id = buffer[2] + (buffer[3] << 8);
     uint16_t project_id = buffer[0] + (buffer[1] << 8);
-    esph_log_config(TAG, "Chip ID %X, project ID %x", chip_id, project_id);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Chip ID %X, project ID %x", chip_id, project_id);
   }
   if (this->x_raw_max_ == 0 || this->y_raw_max_ == 0) {
     if (this->read16_(0xD1F8, buffer, 4)) {
@@ -80,7 +95,14 @@ void CST226Touchscreen::continue_setup_() {
     }
   }
   this->setup_complete_ = true;
-  esph_log_config(TAG, "CST226 Touchscreen setup complete");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "CST226 Touchscreen setup complete");
+}
+void CST226Touchscreen::update_button_state_(bool state) {
+  if (this->button_touched_ == state)
+    return;
+  this->button_touched_ = state;
+  for (auto *listener : this->button_listeners_)
+    listener->update_button(state);
 }
 
 void CST226Touchscreen::dump_config() {

esphome/components/cst226/touchscreen/cst226_touchscreen.h

@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace cst226 {
 
-static const char *const TAG = "cst226.touchscreen";
-
 static const uint8_t CST226_REG_STATUS = 0x00;
 
+class CST226ButtonListener {
+ public:
+  virtual void update_button(bool state) = 0;
+};
+
 class CST226Touchscreen : public touchscreen::Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice {
  public:
   void setup() override;
@@ -22,22 +25,19 @@ class CST226Touchscreen : public touchscreen::Touchscreen, public i2c::I2CDevice
   void set_interrupt_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->interrupt_pin_ = pin; }
   void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *pin) { this->reset_pin_ = pin; }
   bool can_proceed() override { return this->setup_complete_ || this->is_failed(); }
+  void register_button_listener(CST226ButtonListener *listener) { this->button_listeners_.push_back(listener); }
 
  protected:
-  bool read16_(uint16_t addr, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-    if (this->read_register16(addr, data, len) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-      esph_log_e(TAG, "Read data from 0x%04X failed", addr);
-      this->mark_failed();
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
+  bool read16_(uint16_t addr, uint8_t *data, size_t len);
   void continue_setup_();
+  void update_button_state_(bool state);
 
   InternalGPIOPin *interrupt_pin_{};
   GPIOPin *reset_pin_{};
   uint8_t chip_id_{};
   bool setup_complete_{};
+  std::vector<CST226ButtonListener *> button_listeners_;
+  bool button_touched_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace cst226

esphome/components/current_based/cover.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLOSE_ACTION,
     CONF_CLOSE_DURATION,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAX_DURATION,
     CONF_OPEN_ACTION,
     CONF_OPEN_DURATION,
@@ -30,45 +29,47 @@ CurrentBasedCover = current_based_ns.class_(
     "CurrentBasedCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CurrentBasedCover),
-        cv.Required(CONF_STOP_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_MOVING_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
-            min=0, min_included=False
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_OBSTACLE_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
-            min=0, min_included=False
-        ),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_MOVING_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
-            min=0, min_included=False
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_CLOSE_OBSTACLE_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
-            min=0, min_included=False
-        ),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_OBSTACLE_ROLLBACK, default="10%"): cv.percentage,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MALFUNCTION_DETECTION, default=True): cv.boolean,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MALFUNCTION_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(
-            single=True
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(
-            CONF_START_SENSING_DELAY, default="500ms"
-        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cover.cover_schema(CurrentBasedCover)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_STOP_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_MOVING_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
+                min=0, min_included=False
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_OBSTACLE_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
+                min=0, min_included=False
+            ),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_MOVING_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
+                min=0, min_included=False
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CLOSE_OBSTACLE_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
+                min=0, min_included=False
+            ),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OBSTACLE_ROLLBACK, default="10%"): cv.percentage,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MALFUNCTION_DETECTION, default=True): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MALFUNCTION_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(
+                single=True
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_START_SENSING_DELAY, default="500ms"
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await cover.register_cover(var, config)
 
     await automation.build_automation(
         var.get_stop_trigger(), [], config[CONF_STOP_ACTION]

esphome/components/dallas_temp/dallas_temp.cpp

@@ -56,21 +56,13 @@ void DallasTemperatureSensor::update() {
   });
 }
 
-void IRAM_ATTR DallasTemperatureSensor::read_scratch_pad_int_() {
-  for (uint8_t &i : this->scratch_pad_) {
-    i = this->bus_->read8();
-  }
-}
-
 bool DallasTemperatureSensor::read_scratch_pad_() {
-  bool success;
-  {
-    InterruptLock lock;
-    success = this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_READ_SCRATCH_PAD);
-    if (success)
-      this->read_scratch_pad_int_();
-  }
-  if (!success) {
+  bool success = this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_READ_SCRATCH_PAD);
+  if (success) {
+    for (uint8_t &i : this->scratch_pad_) {
+      i = this->bus_->read8();
+    }
+  } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - reading scratch pad failed bus reset", this->get_name().c_str());
     this->status_set_warning("bus reset failed");
   }
@@ -113,17 +105,14 @@ void DallasTemperatureSensor::setup() {
     return;
   this->scratch_pad_[4] = res;
 
-  {
-    InterruptLock lock;
-    if (this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_WRITE_SCRATCH_PAD)) {
-      this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[2]);  // high alarm temp
-      this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[3]);  // low alarm temp
-      this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[4]);  // resolution
-    }
-
-    // write value to EEPROM
-    this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_COPY_SCRATCH_PAD);
+  if (this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_WRITE_SCRATCH_PAD)) {
+    this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[2]);  // high alarm temp
+    this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[3]);  // low alarm temp
+    this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[4]);  // resolution
   }
+
+  // write value to EEPROM
+  this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_COPY_SCRATCH_PAD);
 }
 
 bool DallasTemperatureSensor::check_scratch_pad_() {
@@ -138,6 +127,10 @@ bool DallasTemperatureSensor::check_scratch_pad_() {
   if (!chksum_validity) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Scratch pad checksum invalid!", this->get_name().c_str());
     this->status_set_warning("scratch pad checksum invalid");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scratch pad: %02X.%02X.%02X.%02X.%02X.%02X.%02X.%02X.%02X (%02X)", this->scratch_pad_[0],
+             this->scratch_pad_[1], this->scratch_pad_[2], this->scratch_pad_[3], this->scratch_pad_[4],
+             this->scratch_pad_[5], this->scratch_pad_[6], this->scratch_pad_[7], this->scratch_pad_[8],
+             crc8(this->scratch_pad_, 8));
   }
   return chksum_validity;
 }

esphome/components/dallas_temp/dallas_temp.h

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ class DallasTemperatureSensor : public PollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor,
   /// Get the number of milliseconds we have to wait for the conversion phase.
   uint16_t millis_to_wait_for_conversion_() const;
   bool read_scratch_pad_();
-  void read_scratch_pad_int_();
   bool check_scratch_pad_();
   float get_temp_c_();
 };

esphome/components/demo/__init__.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
     CONF_FORCE_UPDATE,
     CONF_ICON,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_INVERTED,
     CONF_MAX_VALUE,
     CONF_MIN_VALUE,
@@ -153,9 +152,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 },
             ],
         ): [
-            climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA).extend(
+            climate.climate_schema(DemoClimate)
+            .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+            .extend(
                 {
-                    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DemoClimate),
                     cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.enum(CLIMATE_TYPES, int=True),
                 }
             )
@@ -183,9 +183,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 },
             ],
         ): [
-            cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA).extend(
+            cover.cover_schema(DemoCover)
+            .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+            .extend(
                 {
-                    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DemoCover),
                     cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.enum(COVER_TYPES, int=True),
                 }
             )
@@ -211,9 +212,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 },
             ],
         ): [
-            fan.FAN_SCHEMA.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA).extend(
+            fan.fan_schema(DemoFan)
+            .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+            .extend(
                 {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(DemoFan),
                     cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.enum(FAN_TYPES, int=True),
                 }
             )
@@ -251,7 +253,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 },
             ],
         ): [
-            light.RGB_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA).extend(
+            light.light_schema(DemoLight, light.LightType.RGB)
+            .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+            .extend(
                 {
                     cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(DemoLight),
                     cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.enum(LIGHT_TYPES, int=True),
@@ -377,39 +381,33 @@ async def to_code(config):
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
 
     for conf in config[CONF_CLIMATES]:
-        var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_ID])
+        var = await climate.new_climate(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
-        await climate.register_climate(var, conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
 
     for conf in config[CONF_COVERS]:
-        var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_ID])
+        var = await cover.new_cover(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
-        await cover.register_cover(var, conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
 
     for conf in config[CONF_FANS]:
-        var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
+        var = await fan.new_fan(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
-        await fan.register_fan(var, conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
 
     for conf in config[CONF_LIGHTS]:
-        var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
+        var = await light.new_light(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
-        await light.register_light(var, conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
 
     for conf in config[CONF_NUMBERS]:
-        var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_ID])
-        await cg.register_component(var, conf)
-        await number.register_number(
-            var,
+        var = await number.new_number(
             conf,
             min_value=conf[CONF_MIN_VALUE],
             max_value=conf[CONF_MAX_VALUE],
             step=conf[CONF_STEP],
         )
+        await cg.register_component(var, conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
 
     for conf in config[CONF_SENSORS]:

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/switch/__init__.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TYPE, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
 from .. import CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID, DfrobotSen0395Component
 
@@ -26,32 +27,30 @@ Sen0395StartAfterBootSwitch = dfrobot_sen0395_ns.class_(
     "Sen0395StartAfterBootSwitch", DfrobotSen0395Switch
 )
 
-_SWITCH_SCHEMA = (
-    switch.switch_schema(
-        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+
+def _switch_schema(class_: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
+    return (
+        switch.switch_schema(
+            class_,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .extend(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID): cv.use_id(
+                    DfrobotSen0395Component
+                ),
+            }
+        )
+        .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     )
-    .extend(
-        {
-            cv.GenerateID(CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID): cv.use_id(DfrobotSen0395Component),
-        }
-    )
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-)
+
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
     {
-        "sensor_active": _SWITCH_SCHEMA.extend(
-            {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Sen0395PowerSwitch)}
-        ),
-        "turn_on_led": _SWITCH_SCHEMA.extend(
-            {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Sen0395LedSwitch)}
-        ),
-        "presence_via_uart": _SWITCH_SCHEMA.extend(
-            {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Sen0395UartPresenceSwitch)}
-        ),
-        "start_after_boot": _SWITCH_SCHEMA.extend(
-            {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Sen0395StartAfterBootSwitch)}
-        ),
+        "sensor_active": _switch_schema(Sen0395PowerSwitch),
+        "turn_on_led": _switch_schema(Sen0395LedSwitch),
+        "presence_via_uart": _switch_schema(Sen0395UartPresenceSwitch),
+        "start_after_boot": _switch_schema(Sen0395StartAfterBootSwitch),
     }
 )
 

esphome/components/endstop/cover.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLOSE_ACTION,
     CONF_CLOSE_DURATION,
     CONF_CLOSE_ENDSTOP,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAX_DURATION,
     CONF_OPEN_ACTION,
     CONF_OPEN_DURATION,
@@ -17,25 +16,27 @@ from esphome.const import (
 endstop_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("endstop")
 EndstopCover = endstop_ns.class_("EndstopCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(EndstopCover),
-        cv.Required(CONF_STOP_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cover.cover_schema(EndstopCover)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_STOP_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await cover.register_cover(var, config)
 
     await automation.build_automation(
         var.get_stop_trigger(), [], config[CONF_STOP_ACTION]

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp

@@ -2,42 +2,66 @@
 
 #include "gpio.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "driver/gpio.h"
+#include "driver/rtc_io.h"
+#include "hal/gpio_hal.h"
+#include "soc/soc_caps.h"
+#include "soc/gpio_periph.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
 
+#if (SOC_RTCIO_PIN_COUNT > 0)
+#include "hal/rtc_io_hal.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_RTC_INDEPENDENT
+#define SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_RTC_INDEPENDENT 0  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32";
 
+static const gpio_hal_context_t GPIO_HAL = {.dev = GPIO_HAL_GET_HW(GPIO_PORT_0)};
+
 bool ESP32InternalGPIOPin::isr_service_installed = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-static gpio_mode_t IRAM_ATTR flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
+static gpio_mode_t flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   flags = (gpio::Flags)(flags & ~(gpio::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN));
-  if (flags == gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
+  if (flags == gpio::FLAG_INPUT)
     return GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
-  } else if (flags == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
+  if (flags == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT)
     return GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT;
-  } else if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT | gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN)) {
+  if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT | gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN))
     return GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
-  } else if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT | gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN)) {
+  if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT | gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN))
     return GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT_OD;
-  } else if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT)) {
+  if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT))
     return GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT;
-  } else {
-    // unsupported or gpio::FLAG_NONE
-    return GPIO_MODE_DISABLE;
-  }
+  // unsupported or gpio::FLAG_NONE
+  return GPIO_MODE_DISABLE;
 }
 
 struct ISRPinArg {
   gpio_num_t pin;
+  gpio::Flags flags;
   bool inverted;
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+  bool use_rtc;
+  int rtc_pin;
+#endif
 };
 
 ISRInternalGPIOPin ESP32InternalGPIOPin::to_isr() const {
   auto *arg = new ISRPinArg{};  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  arg->pin = pin_;
+  arg->pin = this->pin_;
+  arg->flags = gpio::FLAG_NONE;
   arg->inverted = inverted_;
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+  arg->use_rtc = rtc_gpio_is_valid_gpio(this->pin_);
+  if (arg->use_rtc)
+    arg->rtc_pin = rtc_io_number_get(this->pin_);
+#endif
   return ISRInternalGPIOPin((void *) arg);
 }
 
@@ -90,6 +114,7 @@ void ESP32InternalGPIOPin::setup() {
   if (flags_ & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
     gpio_set_drive_capability(pin_, drive_strength_);
   }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "rtc: %d", SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_RTC_INDEPENDENT);
 }
 
 void ESP32InternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
@@ -115,28 +140,65 @@ void ESP32InternalGPIOPin::detach_interrupt() const { gpio_intr_disable(pin_); }
 using namespace esp32;
 
 bool IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::digital_read() {
-  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(arg_);
-  return bool(gpio_get_level(arg->pin)) != arg->inverted;
+  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(this->arg_);
+  return bool(gpio_hal_get_level(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin)) != arg->inverted;
 }
+
 void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
-  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(arg_);
-  gpio_set_level(arg->pin, value != arg->inverted ? 1 : 0);
+  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(this->arg_);
+  gpio_hal_set_level(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin, value != arg->inverted);
 }
+
 void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::clear_interrupt() {
   // not supported
 }
+
 void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(arg_);
-  gpio_set_direction(arg->pin, flags_to_mode(flags));
-  gpio_pull_mode_t pull_mode = GPIO_FLOATING;
-  if ((flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) && (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN)) {
-    pull_mode = GPIO_PULLUP_PULLDOWN;
-  } else if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
-    pull_mode = GPIO_PULLUP_ONLY;
-  } else if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN) {
-    pull_mode = GPIO_PULLDOWN_ONLY;
+  gpio::Flags diff = (gpio::Flags)(flags ^ arg->flags);
+  if (diff & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
+    if (flags & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
+      gpio_hal_output_enable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+      if (flags & gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN)
+        gpio_hal_od_enable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+    } else {
+      gpio_hal_output_disable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+    }
   }
-  gpio_set_pull_mode(arg->pin, pull_mode);
+  if (diff & gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
+    if (flags & gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
+      gpio_hal_input_enable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+      if (arg->use_rtc) {
+        if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
+          rtcio_hal_pullup_enable(arg->rtc_pin);
+        } else {
+          rtcio_hal_pullup_disable(arg->rtc_pin);
+        }
+        if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN) {
+          rtcio_hal_pulldown_enable(arg->rtc_pin);
+        } else {
+          rtcio_hal_pulldown_disable(arg->rtc_pin);
+        }
+      } else
+#endif
+      {
+        if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
+          gpio_hal_pullup_en(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+        } else {
+          gpio_hal_pullup_dis(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+        }
+        if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN) {
+          gpio_hal_pulldown_en(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+        } else {
+          gpio_hal_pulldown_dis(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      gpio_hal_input_disable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+    }
+  }
+  arg->flags = flags;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ def _lookup_pin(value):
 def _translate_pin(value):
     if isinstance(value, dict) or value is None:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            "This variable only supports pin numbers, not full pin schemas "
-            "(with inverted and mode)."
+            "This variable only supports pin numbers, not full pin schemas (with inverted and mode)."
         )
     if isinstance(value, int) and not isinstance(value, bool):
         return value
@@ -82,30 +81,22 @@ def _translate_pin(value):
 
 @dataclass
 class ESP32ValidationFunctions:
-    pin_validation: Any
-    usage_validation: Any
+    pin_validation: Callable[[Any], Any]
+    usage_validation: Callable[[Any], Any]
 
 
 _esp32_validations = {
     VARIANT_ESP32: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
         pin_validation=esp32_validate_gpio_pin, usage_validation=esp32_validate_supports
     ),
-    VARIANT_ESP32S2: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
-        pin_validation=esp32_s2_validate_gpio_pin,
-        usage_validation=esp32_s2_validate_supports,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C2: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
+        pin_validation=esp32_c2_validate_gpio_pin,
+        usage_validation=esp32_c2_validate_supports,
     ),
     VARIANT_ESP32C3: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
         pin_validation=esp32_c3_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_c3_validate_supports,
     ),
-    VARIANT_ESP32S3: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
-        pin_validation=esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin,
-        usage_validation=esp32_s3_validate_supports,
-    ),
-    VARIANT_ESP32C2: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
-        pin_validation=esp32_c2_validate_gpio_pin,
-        usage_validation=esp32_c2_validate_supports,
-    ),
     VARIANT_ESP32C6: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
         pin_validation=esp32_c6_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_c6_validate_supports,
@@ -114,6 +105,14 @@ _esp32_validations = {
         pin_validation=esp32_h2_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_h2_validate_supports,
     ),
+    VARIANT_ESP32S2: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
+        pin_validation=esp32_s2_validate_gpio_pin,
+        usage_validation=esp32_s2_validate_supports,
+    ),
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
+        pin_validation=esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin,
+        usage_validation=esp32_s3_validate_supports,
+    ),
 }
 
 

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py

@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ def esp32_validate_gpio_pin(value):
         )
     if 9 <= value <= 10:
         _LOGGER.warning(
-            "Pin %s (9-10) might already be used by the "
-            "flash interface in QUAD IO flash mode.",
+            "Pin %s (9-10) might already be used by the flash interface in QUAD IO flash mode.",
             value,
         )
     if value in (24, 28, 29, 30, 31):

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c2.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def esp32_c2_validate_supports(value):
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
 
     if num < 0 or num > 20:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-20)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-20)")
 
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c3.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def esp32_c3_validate_supports(value):
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
 
     if num < 0 or num > 21:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-21)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-21)")
 
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c6.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def esp32_c6_validate_supports(value):
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
 
     if num < 0 or num > 23:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-23)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-23)")
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode
         pass

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_h2.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def esp32_h2_validate_supports(value):
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
 
     if num < 0 or num > 27:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-27)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-27)")
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode
         pass

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID = "esp32_ble_id"
 CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS = "scan_parameters"
 CONF_WINDOW = "window"
 CONF_ON_SCAN_END = "on_scan_end"
+CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE = "software_coexistence"
 
 DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 3
 IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 9
@@ -203,6 +204,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SCAN_END): automation.validate_automation(
                 {cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(BLEEndOfScanTrigger)}
             ),
+            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE, "wifi", default=True): bool,
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
 )
@@ -310,6 +312,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     if CORE.using_esp_idf:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
+        if config.get(CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE):
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE", True)
         # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/4101
         # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/2503
         # Match arduino CONFIG_BTU_TASK_STACK_SIZE
@@ -331,6 +335,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add_define("USE_OTA_STATE_CALLBACK")  # To be notified when an OTA update starts
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_CLIENT")
+    if config.get(CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE):
+        cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE")
 
 
 ESP32_BLE_START_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@
 #include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
+#include <esp_coexist.h>
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
 #include <esp32-hal-bt.h>
 #endif
@@ -194,9 +198,17 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
     https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/6688
 
   */
-  if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::IDLE && this->scan_continuous_ && !connecting && !disconnecting &&
-      !promote_to_connecting) {
-    this->start_scan_(false);  // first = false
+  if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::IDLE && !connecting && !disconnecting && !promote_to_connecting) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
+    if (this->coex_prefer_ble_) {
+      this->coex_prefer_ble_ = false;
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting coexistence preference to balanced.");
+      esp_coex_preference_set(ESP_COEX_PREFER_BALANCE);  // Reset to default
+    }
+#endif
+    if (this->scan_continuous_) {
+      this->start_scan_(false);  // first = false
+    }
   }
   // If there is a discovered client and no connecting
   // clients and no clients using the scanner to search for
@@ -213,6 +225,13 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Promoting client to connect...");
           // We only want to promote one client at a time.
           // once the scanner is fully stopped.
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting coexistence to Bluetooth to make connection.");
+          if (!this->coex_prefer_ble_) {
+            this->coex_prefer_ble_ = true;
+            esp_coex_preference_set(ESP_COEX_PREFER_BT);  // Prioritize Bluetooth
+          }
+#endif
           client->set_state(ClientState::READY_TO_CONNECT);
         }
         break;

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h

@@ -299,6 +299,9 @@ class ESP32BLETracker : public Component,
   int discovered_{0};
   int searching_{0};
   int disconnecting_{0};
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
+  bool coex_prefer_ble_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE

esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace esp8266 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp8266";
 
-static int IRAM_ATTR flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags, uint8_t pin) {
+static int flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags, uint8_t pin) {
   if (flags == gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {  // NOLINT(bugprone-branch-clone)
     return INPUT;
   } else if (flags == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
@@ -34,12 +34,36 @@ static int IRAM_ATTR flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags, uint8_t pin) {
 struct ISRPinArg {
   uint8_t pin;
   bool inverted;
+  volatile uint32_t *in_reg;
+  volatile uint32_t *out_set_reg;
+  volatile uint32_t *out_clr_reg;
+  volatile uint32_t *mode_set_reg;
+  volatile uint32_t *mode_clr_reg;
+  volatile uint32_t *func_reg;
+  uint32_t mask;
 };
 
 ISRInternalGPIOPin ESP8266GPIOPin::to_isr() const {
   auto *arg = new ISRPinArg{};  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  arg->pin = pin_;
-  arg->inverted = inverted_;
+  arg->pin = this->pin_;
+  arg->inverted = this->inverted_;
+  if (this->pin_ < 16) {
+    arg->in_reg = &GPI;
+    arg->out_set_reg = &GPOS;
+    arg->out_clr_reg = &GPOC;
+    arg->mode_set_reg = &GPES;
+    arg->mode_clr_reg = &GPEC;
+    arg->func_reg = &GPF(this->pin_);
+    arg->mask = 1 << this->pin_;
+  } else {
+    arg->in_reg = &GP16I;
+    arg->out_set_reg = &GP16O;
+    arg->out_clr_reg = nullptr;
+    arg->mode_set_reg = &GP16E;
+    arg->mode_clr_reg = nullptr;
+    arg->func_reg = &GPF16;
+    arg->mask = 1;
+  }
   return ISRInternalGPIOPin((void *) arg);
 }
 
@@ -88,20 +112,57 @@ void ESP8266GPIOPin::detach_interrupt() const { detachInterrupt(pin_); }
 using namespace esp8266;
 
 bool IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::digital_read() {
-  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(arg_);
-  return bool(digitalRead(arg->pin)) != arg->inverted;  // NOLINT
+  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(this->arg_);
+  return bool(*arg->in_reg & arg->mask) != arg->inverted;
 }
+
 void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
   auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(arg_);
-  digitalWrite(arg->pin, value != arg->inverted ? 1 : 0);  // NOLINT
+  if (arg->pin < 16) {
+    if (value != arg->inverted) {
+      *arg->out_set_reg = arg->mask;
+    } else {
+      *arg->out_clr_reg = arg->mask;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (value != arg->inverted) {
+      *arg->out_set_reg |= 1;
+    } else {
+      *arg->out_set_reg &= ~1;
+    }
+  }
 }
+
 void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::clear_interrupt() {
   auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(arg_);
   GPIO_REG_WRITE(GPIO_STATUS_W1TC_ADDRESS, 1UL << arg->pin);
 }
+
 void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
-  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(arg_);
-  pinMode(arg->pin, flags_to_mode(flags, arg->pin));  // NOLINT
+  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(this->arg_);
+  if (arg->pin < 16) {
+    if (flags & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
+      *arg->mode_set_reg = arg->mask;
+    } else {
+      *arg->mode_clr_reg = arg->mask;
+    }
+    if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
+      *arg->func_reg |= 1 << GPFPU;
+    } else {
+      *arg->func_reg &= ~(1 << GPFPU);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (flags & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
+      *arg->mode_set_reg |= 1;
+    } else {
+      *arg->mode_set_reg &= ~1;
+    }
+    if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN) {
+      *arg->func_reg |= 1 << GP16FPD;
+    } else {
+      *arg->func_reg &= ~(1 << GP16FPD);
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/event/__init__.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ EventTrigger = event_ns.class_("EventTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
 
 validate_device_class = cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True, space="_")
 
-EVENT_SCHEMA = (
+_EVENT_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
@@ -58,19 +58,17 @@ EVENT_SCHEMA = (
     )
 )
 
-_UNDEF = object()
-
 
 def event_schema(
-    class_: MockObjClass = _UNDEF,
+    class_: MockObjClass = cv.UNDEFINED,
     *,
-    icon: str = _UNDEF,
-    entity_category: str = _UNDEF,
-    device_class: str = _UNDEF,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    device_class: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
 ) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = {}
 
-    if class_ is not _UNDEF:
+    if class_ is not cv.UNDEFINED:
         schema[cv.GenerateID()] = cv.declare_id(class_)
 
     for key, default, validator in [
@@ -78,10 +76,15 @@ def event_schema(
         (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
         (CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, device_class, validate_device_class),
     ]:
-        if default is not _UNDEF:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
 
-    return EVENT_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+    return _EVENT_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+EVENT_SCHEMA = event_schema()
+EVENT_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("event"))
 
 
 async def setup_event_core_(var, config, *, event_types: list[str]):

esphome/components/factory_reset/switch/__init__.py

@@ -1,14 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import (
-    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
-    CONF_ICON,
-    CONF_ID,
-    CONF_INVERTED,
-    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
-    ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
-)
+from esphome.const import ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_RESTART_ALERT
 
 from .. import factory_reset_ns
 
@@ -16,21 +9,14 @@ FactoryResetSwitch = factory_reset_ns.class_(
     "FactoryResetSwitch", switch.Switch, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.SWITCH_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(FactoryResetSwitch),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_INVERTED): cv.invalid(
-            "Factory Reset switches do not support inverted mode!"
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ICON, default=ICON_RESTART_ALERT): cv.icon,
-        cv.Optional(
-            CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, default=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
-        ): cv.entity_category,
-    }
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = switch.switch_schema(
+    FactoryResetSwitch,
+    block_inverted=True,
+    icon=ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
+    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await switch.new_switch(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await switch.register_switch(var, config)

esphome/components/fan/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DIRECTION,
+    CONF_DIRECTION_COMMAND_TOPIC,
+    CONF_DIRECTION_STATE_TOPIC,
+    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
+    CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_OFF_SPEED_CYCLE,
@@ -80,16 +84,21 @@ FanPresetSetTrigger = fan_ns.class_(
 FanIsOnCondition = fan_ns.class_("FanIsOnCondition", automation.Condition.template())
 FanIsOffCondition = fan_ns.class_("FanIsOffCondition", automation.Condition.template())
 
-FAN_SCHEMA = (
+_FAN_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Fan),
             cv.Optional(CONF_RESTORE_MODE, default="ALWAYS_OFF"): cv.enum(
                 RESTORE_MODES, upper=True, space="_"
             ),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTFanComponent),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DIRECTION_STATE_TOPIC): cv.All(
+                cv.requires_component("mqtt"), cv.publish_topic
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DIRECTION_COMMAND_TOPIC): cv.All(
+                cv.requires_component("mqtt"), cv.subscribe_topic
+            ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_OSCILLATION_STATE_TOPIC): cv.All(
                 cv.requires_component("mqtt"), cv.publish_topic
             ),
@@ -151,6 +160,37 @@ FAN_SCHEMA = (
     )
 )
 
+
+def fan_schema(
+    class_: cg.Pvariable,
+    *,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    default_restore_mode: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
+    }
+
+    for key, default, validator in [
+        (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
+        (CONF_ICON, icon, cv.icon),
+        (
+            CONF_RESTORE_MODE,
+            default_restore_mode,
+            cv.enum(RESTORE_MODES, upper=True, space="_"),
+        ),
+    ]:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
+            schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
+
+    return _FAN_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+FAN_SCHEMA = fan_schema(Fan)
+FAN_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("fan"))
+
 _PRESET_MODES_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.ensure_list(cv.string_strict),
     cv.Length(min=1),
@@ -193,6 +233,14 @@ async def setup_fan_core_(var, config):
         mqtt_ = cg.new_Pvariable(mqtt_id, var)
         await mqtt.register_mqtt_component(mqtt_, config)
 
+        if (
+            direction_state_topic := config.get(CONF_DIRECTION_STATE_TOPIC)
+        ) is not None:
+            cg.add(mqtt_.set_custom_direction_state_topic(direction_state_topic))
+        if (
+            direction_command_topic := config.get(CONF_DIRECTION_COMMAND_TOPIC)
+        ) is not None:
+            cg.add(mqtt_.set_custom_direction_command_topic(direction_command_topic))
         if (
             oscillation_state_topic := config.get(CONF_OSCILLATION_STATE_TOPIC)
         ) is not None:
@@ -251,10 +299,9 @@ async def register_fan(var, config):
     await setup_fan_core_(var, config)
 
 
-async def create_fan_state(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+async def new_fan(config, *args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
     await register_fan(var, config)
-    await cg.register_component(var, config)
     return var
 
 

esphome/components/feedback/cover.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLOSE_ACTION,
     CONF_CLOSE_DURATION,
     CONF_CLOSE_ENDSTOP,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAX_DURATION,
     CONF_OPEN_ACTION,
     CONF_OPEN_DURATION,
@@ -50,36 +49,43 @@ def validate_infer_endstop(config):
     return config
 
 
-CONFIG_FEEDBACK_COVER_BASE_SCHEMA = cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(FeedbackCover),
-        cv.Required(CONF_STOP_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_SENSOR): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_OBSTACLE_SENSOR): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_CLOSE_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_CLOSE_SENSOR): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_CLOSE_OBSTACLE_SENSOR): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_HAS_BUILT_IN_ENDSTOP, default=False): cv.boolean,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_ASSUMED_STATE): cv.boolean,
-        cv.Optional(
-            CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, "1000ms"
-        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_INFER_ENDSTOP_FROM_MOVEMENT, False): cv.boolean,
-        cv.Optional(
-            CONF_DIRECTION_CHANGE_WAIT_TIME
-        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(
-            CONF_ACCELERATION_WAIT_TIME, "0s"
-        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_OBSTACLE_ROLLBACK, default="10%"): cv.percentage,
-    },
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_FEEDBACK_COVER_BASE_SCHEMA = (
+    cover.cover_schema(FeedbackCover)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_STOP_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_SENSOR): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_OBSTACLE_SENSOR): cv.use_id(
+                binary_sensor.BinarySensor
+            ),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CLOSE_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CLOSE_SENSOR): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CLOSE_OBSTACLE_SENSOR): cv.use_id(
+                binary_sensor.BinarySensor
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HAS_BUILT_IN_ENDSTOP, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ASSUMED_STATE): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, "1000ms"
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INFER_ENDSTOP_FROM_MOVEMENT, False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_DIRECTION_CHANGE_WAIT_TIME
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_ACCELERATION_WAIT_TIME, "0s"
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OBSTACLE_ROLLBACK, default="10%"): cv.percentage,
+        },
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
@@ -90,9 +96,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await cover.register_cover(var, config)
 
     # STOP
     await automation.build_automation(

esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.cpp

@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ static const char *const TAG = "gpio.one_wire";
 void GPIOOneWireBus::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up 1-wire bus...");
   this->t_pin_->setup();
-  // clear bus with 480µs high, otherwise initial reset in search might fail
   this->t_pin_->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_PULLUP);
+  // clear bus with 480µs high, otherwise initial reset in search might fail
+  this->pin_.digital_write(true);
+  this->pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
   delayMicroseconds(480);
   this->search();
 }
@@ -22,40 +24,49 @@ void GPIOOneWireBus::dump_config() {
   this->dump_devices_(TAG);
 }
 
-bool HOT IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::reset() {
+int HOT IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::reset_int() {
+  InterruptLock lock;
   // See reset here:
   // https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/design/technical-documents/app-notes/1/126.html
   // Wait for communication to clear (delay G)
-  pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_PULLUP);
+  this->pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_PULLUP);
   uint8_t retries = 125;
   do {
     if (--retries == 0)
-      return false;
+      return -1;
     delayMicroseconds(2);
-  } while (!pin_.digital_read());
+  } while (!this->pin_.digital_read());
 
-  bool r;
+  bool r = false;
 
   // Send 480µs LOW TX reset pulse (drive bus low, delay H)
-  pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
-  pin_.digital_write(false);
+  this->pin_.digital_write(false);
+  this->pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
   delayMicroseconds(480);
 
   // Release the bus, delay I
-  pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_PULLUP);
-  delayMicroseconds(70);
+  this->pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_PULLUP);
+  uint32_t start = micros();
+  delayMicroseconds(30);
+
+  while (micros() - start < 300) {
+    // sample bus, 0=device(s) present, 1=no device present
+    r = !this->pin_.digital_read();
+    if (r)
+      break;
+    delayMicroseconds(1);
+  }
 
-  // sample bus, 0=device(s) present, 1=no device present
-  r = !pin_.digital_read();
   // delay J
-  delayMicroseconds(410);
-  return r;
+  delayMicroseconds(start + 480 - micros());
+  this->pin_.digital_write(true);
+  this->pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
+  return r ? 1 : 0;
 }
 
 void HOT IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::write_bit_(bool bit) {
   // drive bus low
-  pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
-  pin_.digital_write(false);
+  this->pin_.digital_write(false);
 
   // from datasheet:
   // write 0 low time: t_low0: min=60µs, max=120µs
@@ -64,72 +75,62 @@ void HOT IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::write_bit_(bool bit) {
   // recovery time: t_rec: min=1µs
   // ds18b20 appears to read the bus after roughly 14µs
   uint32_t delay0 = bit ? 6 : 60;
-  uint32_t delay1 = bit ? 59 : 5;
+  uint32_t delay1 = bit ? 64 : 10;
 
   // delay A/C
   delayMicroseconds(delay0);
   // release bus
-  pin_.digital_write(true);
+  this->pin_.digital_write(true);
   // delay B/D
   delayMicroseconds(delay1);
 }
 
 bool HOT IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::read_bit_() {
   // drive bus low
-  pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
-  pin_.digital_write(false);
+  this->pin_.digital_write(false);
 
-  // note: for reading we'll need very accurate timing, as the
-  // timing for the digital_read() is tight; according to the datasheet,
-  // we should read at the end of 16µs starting from the bus low
-  // typically, the ds18b20 pulls the line high after 11µs for a logical 1
-  // and 29µs for a logical 0
-
-  uint32_t start = micros();
-  // datasheet says >1µs
-  delayMicroseconds(2);
+  // datasheet says >= 1µs
+  delayMicroseconds(5);
 
   // release bus, delay E
-  pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_PULLUP);
-
-  // measure from start value directly, to get best accurate timing no matter
-  // how long pin_mode/delayMicroseconds took
-  uint32_t now = micros();
-  if (now - start < 12)
-    delayMicroseconds(12 - (now - start));
+  this->pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_PULLUP);
 
+  delayMicroseconds(8);
   // sample bus to read bit from peer
-  bool r = pin_.digital_read();
+  bool r = this->pin_.digital_read();
 
-  // read slot is at least 60µs; get as close to 60µs to spend less time with interrupts locked
-  now = micros();
-  if (now - start < 60)
-    delayMicroseconds(60 - (now - start));
+  // read slot is at least 60µs
+  delayMicroseconds(50);
 
+  this->pin_.digital_write(true);
+  this->pin_.pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT);
   return r;
 }
 
 void IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::write8(uint8_t val) {
+  InterruptLock lock;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
     this->write_bit_(bool((1u << i) & val));
   }
 }
 
 void IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::write64(uint64_t val) {
+  InterruptLock lock;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
     this->write_bit_(bool((1ULL << i) & val));
   }
 }
 
 uint8_t IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::read8() {
+  InterruptLock lock;
   uint8_t ret = 0;
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)
     ret |= (uint8_t(this->read_bit_()) << i);
-  }
   return ret;
 }
 
 uint64_t IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::read64() {
+  InterruptLock lock;
   uint64_t ret = 0;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
     ret |= (uint64_t(this->read_bit_()) << i);
@@ -144,6 +145,7 @@ void GPIOOneWireBus::reset_search() {
 }
 
 uint64_t IRAM_ATTR GPIOOneWireBus::search_int() {
+  InterruptLock lock;
   if (this->last_device_flag_)
     return 0u;
 

esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/gpio_one_wire.h

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ class GPIOOneWireBus : public one_wire::OneWireBus, public Component {
     this->pin_ = pin->to_isr();
   }
 
-  bool reset() override;
   void write8(uint8_t val) override;
   void write64(uint64_t val) override;
   uint8_t read8() override;
@@ -31,10 +30,12 @@ class GPIOOneWireBus : public one_wire::OneWireBus, public Component {
   bool last_device_flag_{false};
   uint64_t address_;
 
+  int reset_int() override;
   void reset_search() override;
   uint64_t search_int() override;
   void write_bit_(bool bit);
   bool read_bit_();
+  bool read_bit_(uint32_t *t);
 };
 
 }  // namespace gpio

esphome/components/gps/__init__.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ GPS = gps_ns.class_("GPS", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
 GPSListener = gps_ns.class_("GPSListener")
 
 CONF_GPS_ID = "gps_id"
+CONF_HDOP = "hdop"
 MULTI_CONF = True
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_SPEED): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR,
-                accuracy_decimals=6,
+                accuracy_decimals=3,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_COURSE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_DEGREES,
@@ -48,12 +49,16 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ALTITUDE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
-                accuracy_decimals=1,
+                accuracy_decimals=2,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_SATELLITES): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_HDOP): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                accuracy_decimals=3,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+            ),
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("20s"))
@@ -92,5 +97,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_SATELLITES])
         cg.add(var.set_satellites_sensor(sens))
 
+    if hdop_config := config.get(CONF_HDOP):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(hdop_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_hdop_sensor(sens))
+
     # https://platformio.org/lib/show/1655/TinyGPSPlus
     cg.add_library("mikalhart/TinyGPSPlus", "1.0.2")

esphome/components/gps/gps.cpp

@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ void GPS::update() {
 
   if (this->satellites_sensor_ != nullptr)
     this->satellites_sensor_->publish_state(this->satellites_);
+
+  if (this->hdop_sensor_ != nullptr)
+    this->hdop_sensor_->publish_state(this->hdop_);
 }
 
 void GPS::loop() {
@@ -44,23 +47,23 @@ void GPS::loop() {
 
       if (tiny_gps_.speed.isUpdated()) {
         this->speed_ = tiny_gps_.speed.kmph();
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Speed:");
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  %f km/h", this->speed_);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Speed: %.3f km/h", this->speed_);
       }
       if (tiny_gps_.course.isUpdated()) {
         this->course_ = tiny_gps_.course.deg();
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Course:");
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  %f °", this->course_);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Course: %.2f °", this->course_);
       }
       if (tiny_gps_.altitude.isUpdated()) {
         this->altitude_ = tiny_gps_.altitude.meters();
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Altitude:");
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  %f m", this->altitude_);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Altitude: %.2f m", this->altitude_);
       }
       if (tiny_gps_.satellites.isUpdated()) {
         this->satellites_ = tiny_gps_.satellites.value();
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Satellites:");
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  %d", this->satellites_);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Satellites: %d", this->satellites_);
+      }
+      if (tiny_gps_.hdop.isUpdated()) {
+        this->hdop_ = tiny_gps_.hdop.hdop();
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "HDOP: %.3f", this->hdop_);
       }
 
       for (auto *listener : this->listeners_)

esphome/components/gps/gps.h

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class GPS : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void set_course_sensor(sensor::Sensor *course_sensor) { course_sensor_ = course_sensor; }
   void set_altitude_sensor(sensor::Sensor *altitude_sensor) { altitude_sensor_ = altitude_sensor; }
   void set_satellites_sensor(sensor::Sensor *satellites_sensor) { satellites_sensor_ = satellites_sensor; }
+  void set_hdop_sensor(sensor::Sensor *hdop_sensor) { hdop_sensor_ = hdop_sensor; }
 
   void register_listener(GPSListener *listener) {
     listener->parent_ = this;
@@ -46,12 +47,13 @@ class GPS : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   TinyGPSPlus &get_tiny_gps() { return this->tiny_gps_; }
 
  protected:
-  float latitude_ = -1;
-  float longitude_ = -1;
-  float speed_ = -1;
-  float course_ = -1;
-  float altitude_ = -1;
-  int satellites_ = -1;
+  float latitude_ = NAN;
+  float longitude_ = NAN;
+  float speed_ = NAN;
+  float course_ = NAN;
+  float altitude_ = NAN;
+  int satellites_ = 0;
+  double hdop_ = NAN;
 
   sensor::Sensor *latitude_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *longitude_sensor_{nullptr};
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@ class GPS : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   sensor::Sensor *course_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *altitude_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *satellites_sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *hdop_sensor_{nullptr};
 
   bool has_time_{false};
   TinyGPSPlus tiny_gps_;

esphome/components/he60r/cover.py

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import cover, uart
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_CLOSE_DURATION, CONF_ID, CONF_OPEN_DURATION
+from esphome.const import CONF_CLOSE_DURATION, CONF_OPEN_DURATION
 
 he60r_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("he60r")
 HE60rCover = he60r_ns.class_("HE60rCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+    cover.cover_schema(HE60rCover)
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HE60rCover),
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_OPEN_DURATION, default="15s"
             ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
@@ -34,9 +34,8 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await cover.register_cover(var, config)
     await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_close_duration(config[CONF_CLOSE_DURATION]))

esphome/components/http_request/update/__init__.py

@@ -16,14 +16,17 @@ HttpRequestUpdate = http_request_ns.class_(
 
 CONF_OTA_ID = "ota_id"
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = update.UPDATE_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(HttpRequestUpdate),
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_OTA_ID): cv.use_id(OtaHttpRequestComponent),
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID): cv.use_id(HttpRequestComponent),
-        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE): cv.url,
-    }
-).extend(cv.polling_component_schema("6h"))
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    update.update_schema(HttpRequestUpdate)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_OTA_ID): cv.use_id(OtaHttpRequestComponent),
+            cv.GenerateID(CONF_HTTP_REQUEST_ID): cv.use_id(HttpRequestComponent),
+            cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE): cv.url,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("6h"))
+)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):

esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/__init__.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["i2s_audio"]
 
 CONF_ADC_PIN = "adc_pin"
 CONF_ADC_TYPE = "adc_type"
+CONF_CORRECT_DC_OFFSET = "correct_dc_offset"
 CONF_PDM = "pdm"
 
 I2SAudioMicrophone = i2s_audio_ns.class_(
@@ -88,10 +89,13 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = microphone.MICROPHONE_SCHEMA.extend(
         default_sample_rate=16000,
         default_channel=CONF_RIGHT,
         default_bits_per_sample="32bit",
+    ).extend(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CORRECT_DC_OFFSET, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        }
     )
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
-
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.typed_schema(
         {
@@ -140,3 +144,5 @@ async def to_code(config):
     else:
         cg.add(var.set_din_pin(config[CONF_I2S_DIN_PIN]))
         cg.add(var.set_pdm(config[CONF_PDM]))
+
+    cg.add(var.set_correct_dc_offset(config[CONF_CORRECT_DC_OFFSET]))

esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include "esphome/components/audio/audio.h"
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace i2s_audio {
 
@@ -22,6 +24,9 @@ static const uint32_t READ_DURATION_MS = 16;
 static const size_t TASK_STACK_SIZE = 4096;
 static const ssize_t TASK_PRIORITY = 23;
 
+// Use an exponential moving average to correct a DC offset with weight factor 1/1000
+static const int32_t DC_OFFSET_MOVING_AVERAGE_COEFFICIENT_DENOMINATOR = 1000;
+
 static const char *const TAG = "i2s_audio.microphone";
 
 enum MicrophoneEventGroupBits : uint32_t {
@@ -70,21 +75,11 @@ void I2SAudioMicrophone::setup() {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
+
+  this->configure_stream_settings_();
 }
 
-void I2SAudioMicrophone::start() {
-  if (this->is_failed())
-    return;
-
-  xSemaphoreTake(this->active_listeners_semaphore_, 0);
-}
-
-bool I2SAudioMicrophone::start_driver_() {
-  if (!this->parent_->try_lock()) {
-    return false;  // Waiting for another i2s to return lock
-  }
-  esp_err_t err;
-
+void I2SAudioMicrophone::configure_stream_settings_() {
   uint8_t channel_count = 1;
 #ifdef USE_I2S_LEGACY
   uint8_t bits_per_sample = this->bits_per_sample_;
@@ -93,10 +88,10 @@ bool I2SAudioMicrophone::start_driver_() {
     channel_count = 2;
   }
 #else
-  if (this->slot_bit_width_ == I2S_SLOT_BIT_WIDTH_AUTO) {
-    this->slot_bit_width_ = I2S_SLOT_BIT_WIDTH_16BIT;
+  uint8_t bits_per_sample = 16;
+  if (this->slot_bit_width_ != I2S_SLOT_BIT_WIDTH_AUTO) {
+    bits_per_sample = this->slot_bit_width_;
   }
-  uint8_t bits_per_sample = this->slot_bit_width_;
 
   if (this->slot_mode_ == I2S_SLOT_MODE_STEREO) {
     channel_count = 2;
@@ -114,6 +109,26 @@ bool I2SAudioMicrophone::start_driver_() {
   }
 #endif
 
+  if (this->pdm_) {
+    bits_per_sample = 16;  // PDM mics are always 16 bits per sample
+  }
+
+  this->audio_stream_info_ = audio::AudioStreamInfo(bits_per_sample, channel_count, this->sample_rate_);
+}
+
+void I2SAudioMicrophone::start() {
+  if (this->is_failed())
+    return;
+
+  xSemaphoreTake(this->active_listeners_semaphore_, 0);
+}
+
+bool I2SAudioMicrophone::start_driver_() {
+  if (!this->parent_->try_lock()) {
+    return false;  // Waiting for another i2s to return lock
+  }
+  esp_err_t err;
+
 #ifdef USE_I2S_LEGACY
   i2s_driver_config_t config = {
       .mode = (i2s_mode_t) (this->i2s_mode_ | I2S_MODE_RX),
@@ -202,8 +217,6 @@ bool I2SAudioMicrophone::start_driver_() {
   i2s_std_gpio_config_t pin_config = this->parent_->get_pin_config();
 #if SOC_I2S_SUPPORTS_PDM_RX
   if (this->pdm_) {
-    bits_per_sample = 16;  // PDM mics are always 16 bits per sample with the IDF 5 driver
-
     i2s_pdm_rx_clk_config_t clk_cfg = {
         .sample_rate_hz = this->sample_rate_,
         .clk_src = clk_src,
@@ -277,10 +290,8 @@ bool I2SAudioMicrophone::start_driver_() {
   }
 #endif
 
-  this->audio_stream_info_ = audio::AudioStreamInfo(bits_per_sample, channel_count, this->sample_rate_);
-
   this->status_clear_error();
-
+  this->configure_stream_settings_();  // redetermine the settings in case some settings were changed after compilation
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -361,9 +372,12 @@ void I2SAudioMicrophone::mic_task(void *params) {
         samples.resize(bytes_to_read);
         size_t bytes_read = this_microphone->read_(samples.data(), bytes_to_read, 2 * pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_DURATION_MS));
         samples.resize(bytes_read);
+        if (this_microphone->correct_dc_offset_) {
+          this_microphone->fix_dc_offset_(samples);
+        }
         this_microphone->data_callbacks_.call(samples);
       } else {
-        delay(READ_DURATION_MS);
+        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_DURATION_MS));
       }
     }
   }
@@ -373,11 +387,34 @@ void I2SAudioMicrophone::mic_task(void *params) {
 
   xEventGroupSetBits(this_microphone->event_group_, MicrophoneEventGroupBits::TASK_STOPPED);
   while (true) {
-    // Continuously delay until the loop method delete the task
-    delay(10);
+    // Continuously delay until the loop method deletes the task
+    vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(10));
   }
 }
 
+void I2SAudioMicrophone::fix_dc_offset_(std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+  const size_t bytes_per_sample = this->audio_stream_info_.samples_to_bytes(1);
+  const uint32_t total_samples = this->audio_stream_info_.bytes_to_samples(data.size());
+
+  if (total_samples == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  int64_t offset_accumulator = 0;
+  for (uint32_t sample_index = 0; sample_index < total_samples; ++sample_index) {
+    const uint32_t byte_index = sample_index * bytes_per_sample;
+    int32_t sample = audio::unpack_audio_sample_to_q31(&data[byte_index], bytes_per_sample);
+    offset_accumulator += sample;
+    sample -= this->dc_offset_;
+    audio::pack_q31_as_audio_sample(sample, &data[byte_index], bytes_per_sample);
+  }
+
+  const int32_t new_offset = offset_accumulator / total_samples;
+  this->dc_offset_ = new_offset / DC_OFFSET_MOVING_AVERAGE_COEFFICIENT_DENOMINATOR +
+                     (DC_OFFSET_MOVING_AVERAGE_COEFFICIENT_DENOMINATOR - 1) * this->dc_offset_ /
+                         DC_OFFSET_MOVING_AVERAGE_COEFFICIENT_DENOMINATOR;
+}
+
 size_t I2SAudioMicrophone::read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
   size_t bytes_read = 0;
 #ifdef USE_I2S_LEGACY

esphome/components/i2s_audio/microphone/i2s_audio_microphone.h

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
 #include "esphome/components/microphone/microphone.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
 #include <freertos/event_groups.h>
 #include <freertos/semphr.h>
+#include <freertos/task.h>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace i2s_audio {
@@ -20,6 +22,9 @@ class I2SAudioMicrophone : public I2SAudioIn, public microphone::Microphone, pub
   void stop() override;
 
   void loop() override;
+
+  void set_correct_dc_offset(bool correct_dc_offset) { this->correct_dc_offset_ = correct_dc_offset; }
+
 #ifdef USE_I2S_LEGACY
   void set_din_pin(int8_t pin) { this->din_pin_ = pin; }
 #else
@@ -41,8 +46,16 @@ class I2SAudioMicrophone : public I2SAudioIn, public microphone::Microphone, pub
   bool start_driver_();
   void stop_driver_();
 
+  /// @brief Attempts to correct a microphone DC offset; e.g., a microphones silent level is offset from 0. Applies a
+  /// correction offset that is updated using an exponential moving average for all samples away from 0.
+  /// @param data
+  void fix_dc_offset_(std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
+
   size_t read_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len, TickType_t ticks_to_wait);
 
+  /// @brief Sets the Microphone ``audio_stream_info_`` member variable to the configured I2S settings.
+  void configure_stream_settings_();
+
   static void mic_task(void *params);
 
   SemaphoreHandle_t active_listeners_semaphore_{nullptr};
@@ -61,6 +74,9 @@ class I2SAudioMicrophone : public I2SAudioIn, public microphone::Microphone, pub
   i2s_chan_handle_t rx_handle_;
 #endif
   bool pdm_{false};
+
+  bool correct_dc_offset_;
+  int32_t dc_offset_{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace i2s_audio

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#include "esp_timer.h"
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace i2s_audio {
 
@@ -366,25 +368,15 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task(void *params) {
                             bytes_to_write, &bytes_written, pdMS_TO_TICKS(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS * 5));
 #endif
 
-          uint32_t write_timestamp = micros();
+          int64_t now = esp_timer_get_time();
 
           if (bytes_written != bytes_to_write) {
             xEventGroupSetBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_ESP_INVALID_SIZE);
           }
-
           bytes_read -= bytes_written;
 
-          this_speaker->accumulated_frames_written_ += audio_stream_info.bytes_to_frames(bytes_written);
-          const uint32_t new_playback_ms =
-              audio_stream_info.frames_to_milliseconds_with_remainder(&this_speaker->accumulated_frames_written_);
-          const uint32_t remainder_us =
-              audio_stream_info.frames_to_microseconds(this_speaker->accumulated_frames_written_);
-
-          uint32_t pending_frames =
-              audio_stream_info.bytes_to_frames(bytes_read + this_speaker->audio_ring_buffer_->available());
-          const uint32_t pending_ms = audio_stream_info.frames_to_milliseconds_with_remainder(&pending_frames);
-
-          this_speaker->audio_output_callback_(new_playback_ms, remainder_us, pending_ms, write_timestamp);
+          this_speaker->audio_output_callback_(audio_stream_info.bytes_to_frames(bytes_written),
+                                               now + dma_buffers_duration_ms * 1000);
 
           tx_dma_underflow = false;
           last_data_received_time = millis();
@@ -637,7 +629,16 @@ esp_err_t I2SAudioSpeaker::start_i2s_driver_(audio::AudioStreamInfo &audio_strea
     std_slot_cfg =
         I2S_STD_MSB_SLOT_DEFAULT_CONFIG((i2s_data_bit_width_t) audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(), slot_mode);
   }
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32
+  // There seems to be a bug on the ESP32 (non-variant) platform where setting the slot bit width higher then the bits
+  // per sample causes the audio to play too fast. Setting the ws_width to the configured slot bit width seems to
+  // make it play at the correct speed while sending more bits per slot.
+  if (this->slot_bit_width_ != I2S_SLOT_BIT_WIDTH_AUTO) {
+    std_slot_cfg.ws_width = static_cast<uint32_t>(this->slot_bit_width_);
+  }
+#else
   std_slot_cfg.slot_bit_width = this->slot_bit_width_;
+#endif
   std_slot_cfg.slot_mask = slot_mask;
 
   pin_config.dout = this->dout_pin_;

esphome/components/key_collector/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import key_provider
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAX_LENGTH,
     CONF_MIN_LENGTH,
@@ -28,6 +29,8 @@ CONF_ON_RESULT = "on_result"
 
 key_collector_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("key_collector")
 KeyCollector = key_collector_ns.class_("KeyCollector", cg.Component)
+EnableAction = key_collector_ns.class_("EnableAction", automation.Action)
+DisableAction = key_collector_ns.class_("DisableAction", automation.Action)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
@@ -46,6 +49,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_RESULT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_TIMEOUT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TIMEOUT): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT, default=True): cv.boolean,
         }
     ),
     cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_END_KEYS, CONF_MAX_LENGTH),
@@ -94,3 +98,34 @@ async def to_code(config):
         )
     if CONF_TIMEOUT in config:
         cg.add(var.set_timeout(config[CONF_TIMEOUT]))
+    cg.add(var.set_enabled(config[CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT]))
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "key_collector.enable",
+    EnableAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(KeyCollector),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def enable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "key_collector.disable",
+    DisableAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(KeyCollector),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def disable_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var

esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.cpp

@@ -45,6 +45,12 @@ void KeyCollector::set_provider(key_provider::KeyProvider *provider) {
   provider->add_on_key_callback([this](uint8_t key) { this->key_pressed_(key); });
 }
 
+void KeyCollector::set_enabled(bool enabled) {
+  this->enabled_ = enabled;
+  if (!enabled)
+    this->clear(false);
+}
+
 void KeyCollector::clear(bool progress_update) {
   this->result_.clear();
   this->start_key_ = 0;
@@ -55,6 +61,8 @@ void KeyCollector::clear(bool progress_update) {
 void KeyCollector::send_key(uint8_t key) { this->key_pressed_(key); }
 
 void KeyCollector::key_pressed_(uint8_t key) {
+  if (!this->enabled_)
+    return;
   this->last_key_time_ = millis();
   if (!this->start_keys_.empty() && !this->start_key_) {
     if (this->start_keys_.find(key) != std::string::npos) {

esphome/components/key_collector/key_collector.h

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ class KeyCollector : public Component {
   Trigger<std::string, uint8_t, uint8_t> *get_result_trigger() const { return this->result_trigger_; };
   Trigger<std::string, uint8_t> *get_timeout_trigger() const { return this->timeout_trigger_; };
   void set_timeout(int timeout) { this->timeout_ = timeout; };
+  void set_enabled(bool enabled);
 
   void clear(bool progress_update = true);
   void send_key(uint8_t key);
@@ -47,6 +48,15 @@ class KeyCollector : public Component {
   Trigger<std::string, uint8_t> *timeout_trigger_;
   uint32_t last_key_time_;
   uint32_t timeout_{0};
+  bool enabled_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class EnableAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<KeyCollector> {
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_enabled(true); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class DisableAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<KeyCollector> {
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_enabled(false); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace key_collector

esphome/components/light/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import enum
+
 import esphome.automation as auto
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, power_supply, web_server
@@ -13,15 +15,18 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_COLOR_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_DEFAULT_TRANSITION_LENGTH,
     CONF_EFFECTS,
+    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
     CONF_FLASH_TRANSITION_LENGTH,
     CONF_GAMMA_CORRECT,
     CONF_GREEN,
+    CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INITIAL_STATE,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_ON_STATE,
     CONF_ON_TURN_OFF,
     CONF_ON_TURN_ON,
+    CONF_OUTPUT_ID,
     CONF_POWER_SUPPLY,
     CONF_RED,
     CONF_RESTORE_MODE,
@@ -33,6 +38,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WHITE,
 )
 from esphome.core import coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import setup_entity
 
 from .automation import LIGHT_STATE_SCHEMA
@@ -141,6 +147,51 @@ ADDRESSABLE_LIGHT_SCHEMA = RGB_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(
 )
 
 
+class LightType(enum.IntEnum):
+    """Light type enum."""
+
+    BINARY = 0
+    BRIGHTNESS_ONLY = 1
+    RGB = 2
+    ADDRESSABLE = 3
+
+
+def light_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+    type_: LightType,
+    *,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    default_restore_mode: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(class_),
+    }
+
+    for key, default, validator in [
+        (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
+        (CONF_ICON, icon, cv.icon),
+        (
+            CONF_RESTORE_MODE,
+            default_restore_mode,
+            cv.enum(RESTORE_MODES, upper=True, space="_"),
+        ),
+    ]:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
+            schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
+
+    if type_ == LightType.BINARY:
+        return BINARY_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+    if type_ == LightType.BRIGHTNESS_ONLY:
+        return BRIGHTNESS_ONLY_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+    if type_ == LightType.RGB:
+        return RGB_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+    if type_ == LightType.ADDRESSABLE:
+        return ADDRESSABLE_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+    raise ValueError(f"Invalid light type: {type_}")
+
+
 def validate_color_temperature_channels(value):
     if (
         CONF_COLD_WHITE_COLOR_TEMPERATURE in value
@@ -223,6 +274,12 @@ async def register_light(output_var, config):
     await setup_light_core_(light_var, output_var, config)
 
 
+async def new_light(config, *args):
+    output_var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID], *args)
+    await register_light(output_var, config)
+    return output_var
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(100.0)
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_define("USE_LIGHT")

esphome/components/lock/__init__.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
+    CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_ON_LOCK,
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import setup_entity
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
@@ -31,7 +34,19 @@ LockCondition = lock_ns.class_("LockCondition", Condition)
 LockLockTrigger = lock_ns.class_("LockLockTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
 LockUnlockTrigger = lock_ns.class_("LockUnlockTrigger", automation.Trigger.template())
 
-LOCK_SCHEMA = (
+LockState = lock_ns.enum("LockState")
+
+LOCK_STATES = {
+    "LOCKED": LockState.LOCK_STATE_LOCKED,
+    "UNLOCKED": LockState.LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED,
+    "JAMMED": LockState.LOCK_STATE_JAMMED,
+    "LOCKING": LockState.LOCK_STATE_LOCKING,
+    "UNLOCKING": LockState.LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKING,
+}
+
+validate_lock_state = cv.enum(LOCK_STATES, upper=True)
+
+_LOCK_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
@@ -52,7 +67,33 @@ LOCK_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
-async def setup_lock_core_(var, config):
+def lock_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    *,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = {}
+
+    if class_ is not cv.UNDEFINED:
+        schema[cv.GenerateID()] = cv.declare_id(class_)
+
+    for key, default, validator in [
+        (CONF_ICON, icon, cv.icon),
+        (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
+    ]:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
+            schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
+
+    return _LOCK_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+LOCK_SCHEMA = lock_schema()
+LOCK_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("lock"))
+
+
+async def _setup_lock_core(var, config):
     await setup_entity(var, config)
 
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_LOCK, []):
@@ -74,12 +115,18 @@ async def register_lock(var, config):
     if not CORE.has_id(config[CONF_ID]):
         var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], var)
     cg.add(cg.App.register_lock(var))
-    await setup_lock_core_(var, config)
+    await _setup_lock_core(var, config)
+
+
+async def new_lock(config, *args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
+    await register_lock(var, config)
+    return var
 
 
 LOCK_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     {
-        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Lock),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Lock),
     }
 )
 

esphome/components/lock/automation.h

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/components/lock/lock.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace lock {
@@ -72,16 +72,5 @@ class LockUnlockTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class LockPublishAction : public Action<Ts...> {
- public:
-  LockPublishAction(Lock *a_lock) : lock_(a_lock) {}
-  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(LockState, state)
-
-  void play(Ts... x) override { this->lock_->publish_state(this->state_.value(x...)); }
-
- protected:
-  Lock *lock_;
-};
-
 }  // namespace lock
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/logger/__init__.py

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ DEFAULT = "DEFAULT"
 
 CONF_INITIAL_LEVEL = "initial_level"
 CONF_LOGGER_ID = "logger_id"
+CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE = "task_log_buffer_size"
 
 UART_SELECTION_ESP32 = {
     VARIANT_ESP32: [UART0, UART1, UART2],
@@ -180,6 +181,20 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_BAUD_RATE, default=115200): cv.positive_int,
             cv.Optional(CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE, default=512): cv.validate_bytes,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DEASSERT_RTS_DTR, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.SplitDefault(
+                CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE,
+                esp32=768,  # Default: 768 bytes (~5-6 messages with 70-byte text plus thread names)
+            ): cv.All(
+                cv.only_on_esp32,
+                cv.validate_bytes,
+                cv.Any(
+                    cv.int_(0),  # Disabled
+                    cv.int_range(
+                        min=640,  # Min: ~4-5 messages with 70-byte text plus thread names
+                        max=32768,  # Max: Depends on message sizes, typically ~300 messages with default size
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ),
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_HARDWARE_UART,
                 esp8266=UART0,
@@ -238,6 +253,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
         baud_rate,
         config[CONF_TX_BUFFER_SIZE],
     )
+    if CORE.is_esp32:
+        task_log_buffer_size = config[CONF_TASK_LOG_BUFFER_SIZE]
+        if task_log_buffer_size > 0:
+            cg.add_define("USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER")
+            cg.add(log.init_log_buffer(task_log_buffer_size))
+
     cg.add(log.set_log_level(initial_level))
     if CONF_HARDWARE_UART in config:
         cg.add(

esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 #include "logger.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+#include <memory>  // For unique_ptr
+#endif
 
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -10,127 +13,121 @@ namespace logger {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "logger";
 
-static const char *const LOG_LEVEL_COLORS[] = {
-    "",                                            // NONE
-    ESPHOME_LOG_BOLD(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_RED),       // ERROR
-    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_YELLOW),   // WARNING
-    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_GREEN),    // INFO
-    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_MAGENTA),  // CONFIG
-    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_CYAN),     // DEBUG
-    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_GRAY),     // VERBOSE
-    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_WHITE),    // VERY_VERBOSE
-};
-static const char *const LOG_LEVEL_LETTERS[] = {
-    "",    // NONE
-    "E",   // ERROR
-    "W",   // WARNING
-    "I",   // INFO
-    "C",   // CONFIG
-    "D",   // DEBUG
-    "V",   // VERBOSE
-    "VV",  // VERY_VERBOSE
-};
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+// Implementation for ESP32 (multi-core with atomic support)
+// Main thread: synchronous logging with direct buffer access
+// Other threads: console output with stack buffer, callbacks via async buffer
+void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
+  if (level > this->level_for(tag) || recursion_guard_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
+    return;
+  recursion_guard_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
-void Logger::write_header_(int level, const char *tag, int line) {
-  if (level < 0)
-    level = 0;
-  if (level > 7)
-    level = 7;
-
-  const char *color = LOG_LEVEL_COLORS[level];
-  const char *letter = LOG_LEVEL_LETTERS[level];
-#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
   TaskHandle_t current_task = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
-#else
-  void *current_task = nullptr;
-#endif
-  if (current_task == main_task_) {
-    this->printf_to_buffer_("%s[%s][%s:%03u]: ", color, letter, tag, line);
-  } else {
-    const char *thread_name = "";  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-deadcode.DeadStores)
-#if defined(USE_ESP32)
-    thread_name = pcTaskGetName(current_task);
-#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
-    thread_name = pcTaskGetTaskName(current_task);
-#endif
-    this->printf_to_buffer_("%s[%s][%s:%03u]%s[%s]%s: ", color, letter, tag, line,
-                            ESPHOME_LOG_BOLD(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_RED), thread_name, color);
-  }
-}
 
+  // For main task: call log_message_to_buffer_and_send_ which does console and callback logging
+  if (current_task == main_task_) {
+    this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(level, tag, line, format, args);
+    recursion_guard_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // For non-main tasks: use stack-allocated buffer only for console output
+  if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {  // If logging is enabled, write to console
+    // Maximum size for console log messages (includes null terminator)
+    static const size_t MAX_CONSOLE_LOG_MSG_SIZE = 144;
+    char console_buffer[MAX_CONSOLE_LOG_MSG_SIZE];  // MUST be stack allocated for thread safety
+    int buffer_at = 0;                              // Initialize buffer position
+    this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(level, tag, line, format, args, console_buffer, &buffer_at,
+                                                MAX_CONSOLE_LOG_MSG_SIZE);
+    this->write_msg_(console_buffer);
+  }
+
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+  // For non-main tasks, queue the message for callbacks - but only if we have any callbacks registered
+  if (this->log_callback_.size() > 0) {
+    // This will be processed in the main loop
+    this->log_buffer_->send_message_thread_safe(static_cast<uint8_t>(level), tag, static_cast<uint16_t>(line),
+                                                current_task, format, args);
+  }
+#endif  // USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+
+  recursion_guard_.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
+}
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
+
+#ifndef USE_ESP32
+// Implementation for platforms that do not support atomic operations
+// or have to consider logging in other tasks
 void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args) {  // NOLINT
   if (level > this->level_for(tag) || recursion_guard_)
     return;
 
   recursion_guard_ = true;
-  this->reset_buffer_();
-  this->write_header_(level, tag, line);
-  this->vprintf_to_buffer_(format, args);
-  this->write_footer_();
-  this->log_message_(level, tag);
+
+  // Format and send to both console and callbacks
+  this->log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(level, tag, line, format, args);
+
   recursion_guard_ = false;
 }
+#endif  // !USE_ESP32
+
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
+// Implementation for ESP8266 with flash string support.
+// Note: USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH is only defined for ESP8266.
 void Logger::log_vprintf_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const __FlashStringHelper *format,
                           va_list args) {  // NOLINT
   if (level > this->level_for(tag) || recursion_guard_)
     return;
 
   recursion_guard_ = true;
-  this->reset_buffer_();
-  // copy format string
+  this->tx_buffer_at_ = 0;
+
+  // Copy format string from progmem
   auto *format_pgm_p = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(format);
-  size_t len = 0;
   char ch = '.';
-  while (!this->is_buffer_full_() && ch != '\0') {
+  while (this->tx_buffer_at_ < this->tx_buffer_size_ && ch != '\0') {
     this->tx_buffer_[this->tx_buffer_at_++] = ch = (char) progmem_read_byte(format_pgm_p++);
   }
-  // Buffer full form copying format
-  if (this->is_buffer_full_())
+
+  // Buffer full from copying format
+  if (this->tx_buffer_at_ >= this->tx_buffer_size_) {
+    recursion_guard_ = false;  // Make sure to reset the recursion guard before returning
     return;
+  }
 
-  // length of format string, includes null terminator
-  uint32_t offset = this->tx_buffer_at_;
+  // Save the offset before calling format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_
+  // since it will increment tx_buffer_at_ to the end of the formatted string
+  uint32_t msg_start = this->tx_buffer_at_;
+  this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(level, tag, line, this->tx_buffer_, args, this->tx_buffer_,
+                                              &this->tx_buffer_at_, this->tx_buffer_size_);
+
+  // Write to console and send callback starting at the msg_start
+  if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {
+    this->write_msg_(this->tx_buffer_ + msg_start);
+  }
+  this->call_log_callbacks_(level, tag, this->tx_buffer_ + msg_start);
 
-  // now apply vsnprintf
-  this->write_header_(level, tag, line);
-  this->vprintf_to_buffer_(this->tx_buffer_, args);
-  this->write_footer_();
-  this->log_message_(level, tag, offset);
   recursion_guard_ = false;
 }
-#endif
+#endif  // USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
 
-int HOT Logger::level_for(const char *tag) {
-  if (this->log_levels_.count(tag) != 0)
-    return this->log_levels_[tag];
+inline int Logger::level_for(const char *tag) {
+  auto it = this->log_levels_.find(tag);
+  if (it != this->log_levels_.end())
+    return it->second;
   return this->current_level_;
 }
 
-void HOT Logger::log_message_(int level, const char *tag, int offset) {
-  // remove trailing newline
-  if (this->tx_buffer_[this->tx_buffer_at_ - 1] == '\n') {
-    this->tx_buffer_at_--;
-  }
-  // make sure null terminator is present
-  this->set_null_terminator_();
-
-  const char *msg = this->tx_buffer_ + offset;
-
-  if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {
-    this->write_msg_(msg);
-  }
-
+void HOT Logger::call_log_callbacks_(int level, const char *tag, const char *msg) {
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-  // Suppress network-logging if memory constrained, but still log to serial
-  // ports. In some configurations (eg BLE enabled) there may be some transient
+  // Suppress network-logging if memory constrained
+  // In some configurations (eg BLE enabled) there may be some transient
   // memory exhaustion, and trying to log when OOM can lead to a crash. Skipping
   // here usually allows the stack to recover instead.
   // See issue #1234 for analysis.
   if (xPortGetFreeHeapSize() < 2048)
     return;
 #endif
-
   this->log_callback_.call(level, tag, msg);
 }
 
@@ -141,21 +138,50 @@ Logger::Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t tx_buffer_size) : baud_rate_(baud_rate
   this->main_task_ = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
 #endif
 }
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+void Logger::init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size) {
+  this->log_buffer_ = esphome::make_unique<logger::TaskLogBuffer>(total_buffer_size);
+}
+#endif
 
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+#if defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) || defined(USE_ESP32)
 void Logger::loop() {
-#ifdef USE_ARDUINO
-  if (this->uart_ != UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC) {
-    return;
+#if defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) && defined(USE_ARDUINO)
+  if (this->uart_ == UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC) {
+    static bool opened = false;
+    if (opened == Serial) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (false == opened) {
+      App.schedule_dump_config();
+    }
+    opened = !opened;
   }
-  static bool opened = false;
-  if (opened == Serial) {
-    return;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+  // Process any buffered messages when available
+  if (this->log_buffer_->has_messages()) {
+    logger::TaskLogBuffer::LogMessage *message;
+    const char *text;
+    void *received_token;
+
+    // Process messages from the buffer
+    while (this->log_buffer_->borrow_message_main_loop(&message, &text, &received_token)) {
+      this->tx_buffer_at_ = 0;
+      // Use the thread name that was stored when the message was created
+      // This avoids potential crashes if the task no longer exists
+      const char *thread_name = message->thread_name[0] != '\0' ? message->thread_name : nullptr;
+      this->write_header_to_buffer_(message->level, message->tag, message->line, thread_name, this->tx_buffer_,
+                                    &this->tx_buffer_at_, this->tx_buffer_size_);
+      this->write_body_to_buffer_(text, message->text_length, this->tx_buffer_, &this->tx_buffer_at_,
+                                  this->tx_buffer_size_);
+      this->write_footer_to_buffer_(this->tx_buffer_, &this->tx_buffer_at_, this->tx_buffer_size_);
+      this->tx_buffer_[this->tx_buffer_at_] = '\0';
+      this->call_log_callbacks_(message->level, message->tag, this->tx_buffer_);
+      this->log_buffer_->release_message_main_loop(received_token);
+    }
   }
-  if (false == opened) {
-    App.schedule_dump_config();
-  }
-  opened = !opened;
 #endif
 }
 #endif
@@ -171,7 +197,7 @@ void Logger::add_on_log_callback(std::function<void(int, const char *, const cha
   this->log_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
 }
 float Logger::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::BUS + 500.0f; }
-const char *const LOG_LEVELS[] = {"NONE", "ERROR", "WARN", "INFO", "CONFIG", "DEBUG", "VERBOSE", "VERY_VERBOSE"};
+static const char *const LOG_LEVELS[] = {"NONE", "ERROR", "WARN", "INFO", "CONFIG", "DEBUG", "VERBOSE", "VERY_VERBOSE"};
 
 void Logger::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Logger:");
@@ -181,12 +207,16 @@ void Logger::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Log Baud Rate: %" PRIu32, this->baud_rate_);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Hardware UART: %s", get_uart_selection_());
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+  if (this->log_buffer_) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Task Log Buffer Size: %u", this->log_buffer_->size());
+  }
+#endif
 
   for (auto &it : this->log_levels_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Level for '%s': %s", it.first.c_str(), LOG_LEVELS[it.second]);
   }
 }
-void Logger::write_footer_() { this->write_to_buffer_(ESPHOME_LOG_RESET_COLOR, strlen(ESPHOME_LOG_RESET_COLOR)); }
 
 void Logger::set_log_level(int level) {
   if (level > ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL) {

esphome/components/logger/logger.h

@@ -2,12 +2,19 @@
 
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <map>
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include <atomic>
+#endif
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+#include "task_log_buffer.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
 #include <HardwareSerial.h>
@@ -26,6 +33,29 @@ namespace esphome {
 
 namespace logger {
 
+// Color and letter constants for log levels
+static const char *const LOG_LEVEL_COLORS[] = {
+    "",                                            // NONE
+    ESPHOME_LOG_BOLD(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_RED),       // ERROR
+    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_YELLOW),   // WARNING
+    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_GREEN),    // INFO
+    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_MAGENTA),  // CONFIG
+    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_CYAN),     // DEBUG
+    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_GRAY),     // VERBOSE
+    ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_WHITE),    // VERY_VERBOSE
+};
+
+static const char *const LOG_LEVEL_LETTERS[] = {
+    "",    // NONE
+    "E",   // ERROR
+    "W",   // WARNING
+    "I",   // INFO
+    "C",   // CONFIG
+    "D",   // DEBUG
+    "V",   // VERBOSE
+    "VV",  // VERY_VERBOSE
+};
+
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
 /** Enum for logging UART selection
  *
@@ -57,7 +87,10 @@ enum UARTSelection {
 class Logger : public Component {
  public:
   explicit Logger(uint32_t baud_rate, size_t tx_buffer_size);
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+  void init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size);
+#endif
+#if defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) || defined(USE_ESP32)
   void loop() override;
 #endif
   /// Manually set the baud rate for serial, set to 0 to disable.
@@ -87,7 +120,7 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   void pre_setup();
   void dump_config() override;
 
-  int level_for(const char *tag);
+  inline int level_for(const char *tag);
 
   /// Register a callback that will be called for every log message sent
   void add_on_log_callback(std::function<void(int, const char *, const char *)> &&callback);
@@ -103,46 +136,66 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 #endif
 
  protected:
-  void write_header_(int level, const char *tag, int line);
-  void write_footer_();
-  void log_message_(int level, const char *tag, int offset = 0);
+  void call_log_callbacks_(int level, const char *tag, const char *msg);
   void write_msg_(const char *msg);
 
-  inline bool is_buffer_full_() const { return this->tx_buffer_at_ >= this->tx_buffer_size_; }
-  inline int buffer_remaining_capacity_() const { return this->tx_buffer_size_ - this->tx_buffer_at_; }
-  inline void reset_buffer_() { this->tx_buffer_at_ = 0; }
-  inline void set_null_terminator_() {
-    // does not increment buffer_at
-    this->tx_buffer_[this->tx_buffer_at_] = '\0';
-  }
-  inline void write_to_buffer_(char value) {
-    if (!this->is_buffer_full_())
-      this->tx_buffer_[this->tx_buffer_at_++] = value;
-  }
-  inline void write_to_buffer_(const char *value, int length) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < length && !this->is_buffer_full_(); i++) {
-      this->tx_buffer_[this->tx_buffer_at_++] = value[i];
+  // Format a log message with printf-style arguments and write it to a buffer with header, footer, and null terminator
+  // It's the caller's responsibility to initialize buffer_at (typically to 0)
+  inline void HOT format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format,
+                                                        va_list args, char *buffer, int *buffer_at, int buffer_size) {
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+    this->write_header_to_buffer_(level, tag, line, this->get_thread_name_(), buffer, buffer_at, buffer_size);
+#else
+    this->write_header_to_buffer_(level, tag, line, nullptr, buffer, buffer_at, buffer_size);
+#endif
+    this->format_body_to_buffer_(buffer, buffer_at, buffer_size, format, args);
+    this->write_footer_to_buffer_(buffer, buffer_at, buffer_size);
+
+    // Always ensure the buffer has a null terminator, even if we need to
+    // overwrite the last character of the actual content
+    if (*buffer_at >= buffer_size) {
+      buffer[buffer_size - 1] = '\0';  // Truncate and ensure null termination
+    } else {
+      buffer[*buffer_at] = '\0';  // Normal case, append null terminator
     }
   }
-  inline void vprintf_to_buffer_(const char *format, va_list args) {
-    if (this->is_buffer_full_())
-      return;
-    int remaining = this->buffer_remaining_capacity_();
-    int ret = vsnprintf(this->tx_buffer_ + this->tx_buffer_at_, remaining, format, args);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-      // Encoding error, do not increment buffer_at
+
+  // Helper to format and send a log message to both console and callbacks
+  inline void HOT log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format,
+                                                  va_list args) {
+    // Format to tx_buffer and prepare for output
+    this->tx_buffer_at_ = 0;  // Initialize buffer position
+    this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(level, tag, line, format, args, this->tx_buffer_, &this->tx_buffer_at_,
+                                                this->tx_buffer_size_);
+
+    if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {
+      this->write_msg_(this->tx_buffer_);  // If logging is enabled, write to console
+    }
+    this->call_log_callbacks_(level, tag, this->tx_buffer_);
+  }
+
+  // Write the body of the log message to the buffer
+  inline void write_body_to_buffer_(const char *value, size_t length, char *buffer, int *buffer_at, int buffer_size) {
+    // Calculate available space
+    const int available = buffer_size - *buffer_at;
+    if (available <= 0)
       return;
+
+    // Determine copy length (minimum of remaining capacity and string length)
+    const size_t copy_len = (length < static_cast<size_t>(available)) ? length : available;
+
+    // Copy the data
+    if (copy_len > 0) {
+      memcpy(buffer + *buffer_at, value, copy_len);
+      *buffer_at += copy_len;
     }
-    if (ret >= remaining) {
-      // output was too long, truncated
-      ret = remaining;
-    }
-    this->tx_buffer_at_ += ret;
   }
-  inline void printf_to_buffer_(const char *format, ...) {
+
+  // Format string to explicit buffer with varargs
+  inline void printf_to_buffer_(const char *format, char *buffer, int *buffer_at, int buffer_size, ...) {
     va_list arg;
-    va_start(arg, format);
-    this->vprintf_to_buffer_(format, arg);
+    va_start(arg, buffer_size);
+    this->format_body_to_buffer_(buffer, buffer_at, buffer_size, format, arg);
     va_end(arg);
   }
 
@@ -169,10 +222,82 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   std::map<std::string, int> log_levels_{};
   CallbackManager<void(int, const char *, const char *)> log_callback_{};
   int current_level_{ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE};
-  /// Prevents recursive log calls, if true a log message is already being processed.
-  bool recursion_guard_ = false;
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  std::atomic<bool> recursion_guard_{false};
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+  std::unique_ptr<logger::TaskLogBuffer> log_buffer_;  // Will be initialized with init_log_buffer
+#endif
+#else
+  bool recursion_guard_{false};
+#endif
   void *main_task_ = nullptr;
   CallbackManager<void(int)> level_callback_{};
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+  const char *HOT get_thread_name_() {
+    TaskHandle_t current_task = xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle();
+    if (current_task == main_task_) {
+      return nullptr;  // Main task
+    } else {
+#if defined(USE_ESP32)
+      return pcTaskGetName(current_task);
+#elif defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+      return pcTaskGetTaskName(current_task);
+#endif
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  inline void HOT write_header_to_buffer_(int level, const char *tag, int line, const char *thread_name, char *buffer,
+                                          int *buffer_at, int buffer_size) {
+    // Format header
+    if (level < 0)
+      level = 0;
+    if (level > 7)
+      level = 7;
+
+    const char *color = esphome::logger::LOG_LEVEL_COLORS[level];
+    const char *letter = esphome::logger::LOG_LEVEL_LETTERS[level];
+
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+    if (thread_name != nullptr) {
+      // Non-main task with thread name
+      this->printf_to_buffer_("%s[%s][%s:%03u]%s[%s]%s: ", buffer, buffer_at, buffer_size, color, letter, tag, line,
+                              ESPHOME_LOG_BOLD(ESPHOME_LOG_COLOR_RED), thread_name, color);
+      return;
+    }
+#endif
+    // Main task or non ESP32/LibreTiny platform
+    this->printf_to_buffer_("%s[%s][%s:%03u]: ", buffer, buffer_at, buffer_size, color, letter, tag, line);
+  }
+
+  inline void HOT format_body_to_buffer_(char *buffer, int *buffer_at, int buffer_size, const char *format,
+                                         va_list args) {
+    // Get remaining capacity in the buffer
+    const int remaining = buffer_size - *buffer_at;
+    if (remaining <= 0)
+      return;
+
+    const int ret = vsnprintf(buffer + *buffer_at, remaining, format, args);
+
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      return;  // Encoding error, do not increment buffer_at
+    }
+
+    // Update buffer_at with the formatted length (handle truncation)
+    int formatted_len = (ret >= remaining) ? remaining : ret;
+    *buffer_at += formatted_len;
+
+    // Remove all trailing newlines right after formatting
+    while (*buffer_at > 0 && buffer[*buffer_at - 1] == '\n') {
+      (*buffer_at)--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  inline void HOT write_footer_to_buffer_(char *buffer, int *buffer_at, int buffer_size) {
+    static const int RESET_COLOR_LEN = strlen(ESPHOME_LOG_RESET_COLOR);
+    this->write_body_to_buffer_(ESPHOME_LOG_RESET_COLOR, RESET_COLOR_LEN, buffer, buffer_at, buffer_size);
+  }
 };
 extern Logger *global_logger;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 

esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+
+#include "task_log_buffer.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace logger {
+
+TaskLogBuffer::TaskLogBuffer(size_t total_buffer_size) {
+  // Store the buffer size
+  this->size_ = total_buffer_size;
+  // Allocate memory for the ring buffer using ESPHome's RAM allocator
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+  this->storage_ = allocator.allocate(this->size_);
+  // Create a static ring buffer with RINGBUF_TYPE_NOSPLIT for message integrity
+  this->ring_buffer_ = xRingbufferCreateStatic(this->size_, RINGBUF_TYPE_NOSPLIT, this->storage_, &this->structure_);
+}
+
+TaskLogBuffer::~TaskLogBuffer() {
+  if (this->ring_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    // Delete the ring buffer
+    vRingbufferDelete(this->ring_buffer_);
+    this->ring_buffer_ = nullptr;
+
+    // Free the allocated memory
+    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
+    allocator.deallocate(this->storage_, this->size_);
+    this->storage_ = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+bool TaskLogBuffer::borrow_message_main_loop(LogMessage **message, const char **text, void **received_token) {
+  if (message == nullptr || text == nullptr || received_token == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  size_t item_size = 0;
+  void *received_item = xRingbufferReceive(ring_buffer_, &item_size, 0);
+  if (received_item == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  LogMessage *msg = static_cast<LogMessage *>(received_item);
+  *message = msg;
+  *text = msg->text_data();
+  *received_token = received_item;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void TaskLogBuffer::release_message_main_loop(void *token) {
+  if (token == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  vRingbufferReturnItem(ring_buffer_, token);
+  // Update counter to mark all messages as processed
+  last_processed_counter_ = message_counter_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+bool TaskLogBuffer::send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, TaskHandle_t task_handle,
+                                             const char *format, va_list args) {
+  // First, calculate the exact length needed using a null buffer (no actual writing)
+  va_list args_copy;
+  va_copy(args_copy, args);
+  int ret = vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, format, args_copy);
+  va_end(args_copy);
+
+  if (ret <= 0) {
+    return false;  // Formatting error or empty message
+  }
+
+  // Calculate actual text length (capped to maximum size)
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_TEXT_SIZE = 255;
+  size_t text_length = (static_cast<size_t>(ret) > MAX_TEXT_SIZE) ? MAX_TEXT_SIZE : ret;
+
+  // Calculate total size needed (header + text length + null terminator)
+  size_t total_size = sizeof(LogMessage) + text_length + 1;
+
+  // Acquire memory directly from the ring buffer
+  void *acquired_memory = nullptr;
+  BaseType_t result = xRingbufferSendAcquire(ring_buffer_, &acquired_memory, total_size, 0);
+
+  if (result != pdTRUE || acquired_memory == nullptr) {
+    return false;  // Failed to acquire memory
+  }
+
+  // Set up the message header in the acquired memory
+  LogMessage *msg = static_cast<LogMessage *>(acquired_memory);
+  msg->level = level;
+  msg->tag = tag;
+  msg->line = line;
+
+  // Store the thread name now instead of waiting until main loop processing
+  // This avoids crashes if the task completes or is deleted between when this message
+  // is enqueued and when it's processed by the main loop
+  const char *thread_name = pcTaskGetName(task_handle);
+  if (thread_name != nullptr) {
+    strncpy(msg->thread_name, thread_name, sizeof(msg->thread_name) - 1);
+    msg->thread_name[sizeof(msg->thread_name) - 1] = '\0';  // Ensure null termination
+  } else {
+    msg->thread_name[0] = '\0';  // Empty string if no thread name
+  }
+
+  // Format the message text directly into the acquired memory
+  // We add 1 to text_length to ensure space for null terminator during formatting
+  char *text_area = msg->text_data();
+  ret = vsnprintf(text_area, text_length + 1, format, args);
+
+  // Handle unexpected formatting error
+  if (ret <= 0) {
+    vRingbufferReturnItem(ring_buffer_, acquired_memory);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Remove trailing newlines
+  while (text_length > 0 && text_area[text_length - 1] == '\n') {
+    text_length--;
+  }
+
+  msg->text_length = text_length;
+  // Complete the send operation with the acquired memory
+  result = xRingbufferSendComplete(ring_buffer_, acquired_memory);
+
+  if (result != pdTRUE) {
+    return false;  // Failed to complete the message send
+  }
+
+  // Message sent successfully, increment the counter
+  message_counter_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace logger
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER

esphome/components/logger/task_log_buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+#include <freertos/ringbuf.h>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace logger {
+
+class TaskLogBuffer {
+ public:
+  // Structure for a log message header (text data follows immediately after)
+  struct LogMessage {
+    const char *tag;       // We store the pointer, assuming tags are static
+    char thread_name[16];  // Store thread name directly (only used for non-main threads)
+    uint16_t text_length;  // Length of the message text (up to ~64KB)
+    uint16_t line;         // Source code line number
+    uint8_t level;         // Log level (0-7)
+
+    // Methods for accessing message contents
+    inline char *text_data() { return reinterpret_cast<char *>(this) + sizeof(LogMessage); }
+
+    inline const char *text_data() const { return reinterpret_cast<const char *>(this) + sizeof(LogMessage); }
+  };
+
+  // Constructor that takes a total buffer size
+  explicit TaskLogBuffer(size_t total_buffer_size);
+  ~TaskLogBuffer();
+
+  // NOT thread-safe - borrow a message from the ring buffer, only call from main loop
+  bool borrow_message_main_loop(LogMessage **message, const char **text, void **received_token);
+
+  // NOT thread-safe - release a message buffer and update the counter, only call from main loop
+  void release_message_main_loop(void *token);
+
+  // Thread-safe - send a message to the ring buffer from any thread
+  bool send_message_thread_safe(uint8_t level, const char *tag, uint16_t line, TaskHandle_t task_handle,
+                                const char *format, va_list args);
+
+  // Check if there are messages ready to be processed using an atomic counter for performance
+  inline bool HOT has_messages() const {
+    return message_counter_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) != last_processed_counter_;
+  }
+
+  // Get the total buffer size in bytes
+  inline size_t size() const { return size_; }
+
+ private:
+  RingbufHandle_t ring_buffer_{nullptr};  // FreeRTOS ring buffer handle
+  StaticRingbuffer_t structure_;          // Static structure for the ring buffer
+  uint8_t *storage_{nullptr};             // Pointer to allocated memory
+  size_t size_{0};                        // Size of allocated memory
+
+  // Atomic counter for message tracking (only differences matter)
+  std::atomic<uint16_t> message_counter_{0};    // Incremented when messages are committed
+  mutable uint16_t last_processed_counter_{0};  // Tracks last processed message
+};
+
+}  // namespace logger
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif  // USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER

esphome/components/lvgl/text/__init__.py

@@ -19,9 +19,8 @@ from ..widgets import get_widgets, wait_for_widgets
 
 LVGLText = lvgl_ns.class_("LVGLText", text.Text)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = text.TEXT_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = text.text_schema(LVGLText).extend(
     {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(LVGLText),
         cv.Required(CONF_WIDGET): cv.use_id(LvText),
     }
 )

esphome/components/micro_wake_word/micro_wake_word.cpp

@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ static const ssize_t DETECTION_QUEUE_LENGTH = 5;
 static const size_t DATA_TIMEOUT_MS = 50;
 
 static const uint32_t RING_BUFFER_DURATION_MS = 120;
-static const uint32_t RING_BUFFER_SAMPLES = RING_BUFFER_DURATION_MS * (AUDIO_SAMPLE_FREQUENCY / 1000);
-static const size_t RING_BUFFER_SIZE = RING_BUFFER_SAMPLES * sizeof(int16_t);
 
 static const uint32_t INFERENCE_TASK_STACK_SIZE = 3072;
 static const UBaseType_t INFERENCE_TASK_PRIORITY = 3;
@@ -141,13 +139,15 @@ void MicroWakeWord::inference_task(void *params) {
   xEventGroupSetBits(this_mww->event_group_, EventGroupBits::TASK_STARTING);
 
   {  // Ensures any C++ objects fall out of scope to deallocate before deleting the task
-    const size_t new_samples_to_read = this_mww->features_step_size_ * (AUDIO_SAMPLE_FREQUENCY / 1000);
+
+    const size_t new_bytes_to_process =
+        this_mww->microphone_source_->get_audio_stream_info().ms_to_bytes(this_mww->features_step_size_);
     std::unique_ptr<audio::AudioSourceTransferBuffer> audio_buffer;
     int8_t features_buffer[PREPROCESSOR_FEATURE_SIZE];
 
     if (!(xEventGroupGetBits(this_mww->event_group_) & ERROR_BITS)) {
       // Allocate audio transfer buffer
-      audio_buffer = audio::AudioSourceTransferBuffer::create(new_samples_to_read * sizeof(int16_t));
+      audio_buffer = audio::AudioSourceTransferBuffer::create(new_bytes_to_process);
 
       if (audio_buffer == nullptr) {
         xEventGroupSetBits(this_mww->event_group_, EventGroupBits::ERROR_MEMORY);
@@ -156,7 +156,8 @@ void MicroWakeWord::inference_task(void *params) {
 
     if (!(xEventGroupGetBits(this_mww->event_group_) & ERROR_BITS)) {
       // Allocate ring buffer
-      std::shared_ptr<RingBuffer> temp_ring_buffer = RingBuffer::create(RING_BUFFER_SIZE);
+      std::shared_ptr<RingBuffer> temp_ring_buffer = RingBuffer::create(
+          this_mww->microphone_source_->get_audio_stream_info().ms_to_bytes(RING_BUFFER_DURATION_MS));
       if (temp_ring_buffer.use_count() == 0) {
         xEventGroupSetBits(this_mww->event_group_, EventGroupBits::ERROR_MEMORY);
       }
@@ -171,13 +172,13 @@ void MicroWakeWord::inference_task(void *params) {
       while (!(xEventGroupGetBits(this_mww->event_group_) & COMMAND_STOP)) {
         audio_buffer->transfer_data_from_source(pdMS_TO_TICKS(DATA_TIMEOUT_MS));
 
-        if (audio_buffer->available() < new_samples_to_read * sizeof(int16_t)) {
+        if (audio_buffer->available() < new_bytes_to_process) {
           // Insufficient data to generate new spectrogram features, read more next iteration
           continue;
         }
 
         // Generate new spectrogram features
-        size_t processed_samples = this_mww->generate_features_(
+        uint32_t processed_samples = this_mww->generate_features_(
             (int16_t *) audio_buffer->get_buffer_start(), audio_buffer->available() / sizeof(int16_t), features_buffer);
         audio_buffer->decrease_buffer_length(processed_samples * sizeof(int16_t));
 
@@ -297,7 +298,8 @@ void MicroWakeWord::loop() {
       if ((this->inference_task_handle_ == nullptr) && !this->status_has_error()) {
         // Setup preprocesor feature generator. If done in the task, it would lock the task to its initial core, as it
         // uses floating point operations.
-        if (!FrontendPopulateState(&this->frontend_config_, &this->frontend_state_, AUDIO_SAMPLE_FREQUENCY)) {
+        if (!FrontendPopulateState(&this->frontend_config_, &this->frontend_state_,
+                                   this->microphone_source_->get_audio_stream_info().get_sample_rate())) {
           this->status_momentary_error(
               "Failed to allocate buffers for spectrogram feature processor, attempting again in 1 second", 1000);
           return;

esphome/components/micro_wake_word/micro_wake_word.h

@@ -121,8 +121,6 @@ class MicroWakeWord : public Component {
   /// @param audio_features (int8_t *) Buffer containing new spectrogram features
   /// @return True if successful, false if any errors were encountered
   bool update_model_probabilities_(const int8_t audio_features[PREPROCESSOR_FEATURE_SIZE]);
-
-  inline uint16_t new_samples_to_get_() { return (this->features_step_size_ * (AUDIO_SAMPLE_FREQUENCY / 1000)); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace micro_wake_word

esphome/components/micro_wake_word/preprocessor_settings.h

@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ namespace micro_wake_word {
 static const uint8_t PREPROCESSOR_FEATURE_SIZE = 40;
 // Duration of each slice used as input into the preprocessor
 static const uint8_t FEATURE_DURATION_MS = 30;
-// Audio sample frequency in hertz
-static const uint16_t AUDIO_SAMPLE_FREQUENCY = 16000;
 
 static const float FILTERBANK_LOWER_BAND_LIMIT = 125.0;
 static const float FILTERBANK_UPPER_BAND_LIMIT = 7500.0;

esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.cpp

@@ -159,12 +159,13 @@ void StreamingModel::reset_probabilities() {
   this->ignore_windows_ = -MIN_SLICES_BEFORE_DETECTION;
 }
 
-WakeWordModel::WakeWordModel(const std::string &id, const uint8_t *model_start, uint8_t probability_cutoff,
+WakeWordModel::WakeWordModel(const std::string &id, const uint8_t *model_start, uint8_t default_probability_cutoff,
                              size_t sliding_window_average_size, const std::string &wake_word, size_t tensor_arena_size,
                              bool default_enabled, bool internal_only) {
   this->id_ = id;
   this->model_start_ = model_start;
-  this->probability_cutoff_ = probability_cutoff;
+  this->default_probability_cutoff_ = default_probability_cutoff;
+  this->probability_cutoff_ = default_probability_cutoff;
   this->sliding_window_size_ = sliding_window_average_size;
   this->recent_streaming_probabilities_.resize(sliding_window_average_size, 0);
   this->wake_word_ = wake_word;
@@ -222,10 +223,11 @@ DetectionEvent WakeWordModel::determine_detected() {
   return detection_event;
 }
 
-VADModel::VADModel(const uint8_t *model_start, uint8_t probability_cutoff, size_t sliding_window_size,
+VADModel::VADModel(const uint8_t *model_start, uint8_t default_probability_cutoff, size_t sliding_window_size,
                    size_t tensor_arena_size) {
   this->model_start_ = model_start;
-  this->probability_cutoff_ = probability_cutoff;
+  this->default_probability_cutoff_ = default_probability_cutoff;
+  this->probability_cutoff_ = default_probability_cutoff;
   this->sliding_window_size_ = sliding_window_size;
   this->recent_streaming_probabilities_.resize(sliding_window_size, 0);
   this->tensor_arena_size_ = tensor_arena_size;

esphome/components/micro_wake_word/streaming_model.h

@@ -50,9 +50,14 @@ class StreamingModel {
   virtual void disable() { this->enabled_ = false; }
 
   /// @brief Return true if the model is enabled.
-  bool is_enabled() { return this->enabled_; }
+  bool is_enabled() const { return this->enabled_; }
 
-  bool get_unprocessed_probability_status() { return this->unprocessed_probability_status_; }
+  bool get_unprocessed_probability_status() const { return this->unprocessed_probability_status_; }
+
+  // Quantized probability cutoffs mapping 0.0 - 1.0 to 0 - 255
+  uint8_t get_default_probability_cutoff() const { return this->default_probability_cutoff_; }
+  uint8_t get_probability_cutoff() const { return this->probability_cutoff_; }
+  void set_probability_cutoff(uint8_t probability_cutoff) { this->probability_cutoff_ = probability_cutoff; }
 
  protected:
   /// @brief Allocates tensor and variable arenas and sets up the model interpreter
@@ -69,8 +74,10 @@ class StreamingModel {
   uint8_t current_stride_step_{0};
   int16_t ignore_windows_{-MIN_SLICES_BEFORE_DETECTION};
 
-  uint8_t probability_cutoff_;  // Quantized probability cutoff mapping 0.0 - 1.0 to 0 - 255
+  uint8_t default_probability_cutoff_;
+  uint8_t probability_cutoff_;
   size_t sliding_window_size_;
+
   size_t last_n_index_{0};
   size_t tensor_arena_size_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> recent_streaming_probabilities_;
@@ -88,14 +95,14 @@ class WakeWordModel final : public StreamingModel {
   /// @brief Constructs a wake word model object
   /// @param id (std::string) identifier for this model
   /// @param model_start (const uint8_t *) pointer to the start of the model's TFLite FlatBuffer
-  /// @param probability_cutoff (uint8_t) probability cutoff for acceping the wake word has been said
+  /// @param default_probability_cutoff (uint8_t) probability cutoff for acceping the wake word has been said
   /// @param sliding_window_average_size (size_t) the length of the sliding window computing the mean rolling
   ///                                    probability
   /// @param wake_word (std::string) Friendly name of the wake word
   /// @param tensor_arena_size (size_t) Size in bytes for allocating the tensor arena
   /// @param default_enabled (bool) If true, it will be enabled by default on first boot
   /// @param internal_only (bool) If true, the model will not be exposed to HomeAssistant as an available model
-  WakeWordModel(const std::string &id, const uint8_t *model_start, uint8_t probability_cutoff,
+  WakeWordModel(const std::string &id, const uint8_t *model_start, uint8_t default_probability_cutoff,
                 size_t sliding_window_average_size, const std::string &wake_word, size_t tensor_arena_size,
                 bool default_enabled, bool internal_only);
 
@@ -132,7 +139,7 @@ class WakeWordModel final : public StreamingModel {
 
 class VADModel final : public StreamingModel {
  public:
-  VADModel(const uint8_t *model_start, uint8_t probability_cutoff, size_t sliding_window_size,
+  VADModel(const uint8_t *model_start, uint8_t default_probability_cutoff, size_t sliding_window_size,
            size_t tensor_arena_size);
 
   void log_model_config() override;

esphome/components/microphone/__init__.py

@@ -123,11 +123,8 @@ def microphone_source_schema(
     )
 
 
-_UNDEF = object()
-
-
 def final_validate_microphone_source_schema(
-    component_name: str, sample_rate: int = _UNDEF
+    component_name: str, sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED
 ):
     """Validates that the microphone source can provide audio in the correct format. In particular it validates the sample rate and the enabled channels.
 
@@ -141,7 +138,7 @@ def final_validate_microphone_source_schema(
     """
 
     def _validate_audio_compatability(config):
-        if sample_rate is not _UNDEF:
+        if sample_rate is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             # Issues require changing the microphone configuration
             #  - Verifies sample rates match
             audio.final_validate_audio_schema(
@@ -165,13 +162,22 @@ def final_validate_microphone_source_schema(
     return _validate_audio_compatability
 
 
-async def microphone_source_to_code(config):
+async def microphone_source_to_code(config, passive=False):
+    """Creates a MicrophoneSource variable for codegen.
+
+    Setting passive to true makes the MicrophoneSource never start/stop the microphone, but only receives audio when another component has actively started the Microphone. If false, then the microphone needs to be explicitly started/stopped.
+
+    Args:
+        config (Schema): Created with `microphone_source_schema` specifying bits per sample, channels, and gain factor
+        passive (bool): Enable passive mode for the MicrophoneSource
+    """
     mic = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_MICROPHONE])
     mic_source = cg.new_Pvariable(
         config[CONF_ID],
         mic,
         config[CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE],
         config[CONF_GAIN_FACTOR],
+        passive,
     )
     for channel in config[CONF_CHANNELS]:
         cg.add(mic_source.add_channel(channel))

esphome/components/microphone/microphone_source.cpp

@@ -3,34 +3,58 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace microphone {
 
+static const int32_t Q25_MAX_VALUE = (1 << 25) - 1;
+static const int32_t Q25_MIN_VALUE = ~Q25_MAX_VALUE;
+
 void MicrophoneSource::add_data_callback(std::function<void(const std::vector<uint8_t> &)> &&data_callback) {
   std::function<void(const std::vector<uint8_t> &)> filtered_callback =
       [this, data_callback](const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-        if (this->enabled_) {
-          data_callback(this->process_audio_(data));
+        if (this->enabled_ || this->passive_) {
+          if (this->processed_samples_.use_count() == 0) {
+            // Create vector if its unused
+            this->processed_samples_ = std::make_shared<std::vector<uint8_t>>();
+          }
+
+          // Take temporary ownership of samples vector to avoid deallaction before the callback finishes
+          std::shared_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>> output_samples = this->processed_samples_;
+          this->process_audio_(data, *output_samples);
+          data_callback(*output_samples);
         }
       };
   this->mic_->add_data_callback(std::move(filtered_callback));
 }
 
+audio::AudioStreamInfo MicrophoneSource::get_audio_stream_info() {
+  return audio::AudioStreamInfo(this->bits_per_sample_, this->channels_.count(),
+                                this->mic_->get_audio_stream_info().get_sample_rate());
+}
+
 void MicrophoneSource::start() {
-  if (!this->enabled_) {
+  if (!this->enabled_ && !this->passive_) {
     this->enabled_ = true;
     this->mic_->start();
   }
 }
+
 void MicrophoneSource::stop() {
-  if (this->enabled_) {
+  if (this->enabled_ && !this->passive_) {
     this->enabled_ = false;
     this->mic_->stop();
+    this->processed_samples_.reset();
   }
 }
 
-std::vector<uint8_t> MicrophoneSource::process_audio_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  // Bit depth conversions are obtained by truncating bits or padding with zeros - no dithering is applied.
+void MicrophoneSource::process_audio_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, std::vector<uint8_t> &filtered_data) {
+  // - Bit depth conversions are obtained by truncating bits or padding with zeros - no dithering is applied.
+  // - In the comments, Qxx refers to a fixed point number with xx bits of precision for representing fractional values.
+  //   For example, audio with a bit depth of 16 can store a sample in a int16, which can be considered a Q15 number.
+  // - All samples are converted to Q25 before applying the gain factor - this results in a small precision loss for
+  //   data with 32 bits per sample. Since the maximum gain factor is 64 = (1<<6), this ensures that applying the gain
+  //   will never overflow a 32 bit signed integer. This still retains more bit depth than what is audibly noticeable.
+  // - Loops for reading/writing data buffers are unrolled, assuming little endian, for a small performance increase.
 
   const size_t source_bytes_per_sample = this->mic_->get_audio_stream_info().samples_to_bytes(1);
-  const size_t source_channels = this->mic_->get_audio_stream_info().get_channels();
+  const uint32_t source_channels = this->mic_->get_audio_stream_info().get_channels();
 
   const size_t source_bytes_per_frame = this->mic_->get_audio_stream_info().frames_to_bytes(1);
 
@@ -38,60 +62,33 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> MicrophoneSource::process_audio_(const std::vector<uint8_t>
   const size_t target_bytes_per_sample = (this->bits_per_sample_ + 7) / 8;
   const size_t target_bytes_per_frame = target_bytes_per_sample * this->channels_.count();
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> filtered_data;
-  filtered_data.reserve(target_bytes_per_frame * total_frames);
+  filtered_data.resize(target_bytes_per_frame * total_frames);
 
-  const int32_t target_min_value = -(1 << (8 * target_bytes_per_sample - 1));
-  const int32_t target_max_value = (1 << (8 * target_bytes_per_sample - 1)) - 1;
+  uint8_t *current_data = filtered_data.data();
 
-  for (size_t frame_index = 0; frame_index < total_frames; ++frame_index) {
-    for (size_t channel_index = 0; channel_index < source_channels; ++channel_index) {
+  for (uint32_t frame_index = 0; frame_index < total_frames; ++frame_index) {
+    for (uint32_t channel_index = 0; channel_index < source_channels; ++channel_index) {
       if (this->channels_.test(channel_index)) {
         // Channel's current sample is included in the target mask. Convert bits per sample, if necessary.
 
-        size_t sample_index = frame_index * source_bytes_per_frame + channel_index * source_bytes_per_sample;
+        const uint32_t sample_index = frame_index * source_bytes_per_frame + channel_index * source_bytes_per_sample;
 
-        int32_t sample = 0;
-
-        // Copy the data into the most significant bits of the sample variable to ensure the sign bit is correct
-        uint8_t bit_offset = (4 - source_bytes_per_sample) * 8;
-        for (int i = 0; i < source_bytes_per_sample; ++i) {
-          sample |= data[sample_index + i] << bit_offset;
-          bit_offset += 8;
-        }
-
-        // Shift data back to the least significant bits
-        if (source_bytes_per_sample >= target_bytes_per_sample) {
-          // Keep source bytes per sample of data so that the gain multiplication uses all significant bits instead of
-          // shifting to the target bytes per sample immediately, potentially losing information.
-          sample >>= (4 - source_bytes_per_sample) * 8;  // ``source_bytes_per_sample`` bytes of valid data
-        } else {
-          // Keep padded zeros to match the target bytes per sample
-          sample >>= (4 - target_bytes_per_sample) * 8;  // ``target_bytes_per_sample`` bytes of valid data
-        }
+        int32_t sample = audio::unpack_audio_sample_to_q31(&data[sample_index], source_bytes_per_sample);  // Q31
+        sample >>= 6;                                                                                      // Q31 -> Q25
 
         // Apply gain using multiplication
-        sample *= this->gain_factor_;
+        sample *= this->gain_factor_;  // Q25
 
-        // Match target output bytes by shifting out the least significant bits
-        if (source_bytes_per_sample > target_bytes_per_sample) {
-          sample >>= 8 * (source_bytes_per_sample -
-                          target_bytes_per_sample);  //  ``target_bytes_per_sample`` bytes of valid data
-        }
+        // Clamp ``sample`` in case gain multiplication overflows 25 bits
+        sample = clamp<int32_t>(sample, Q25_MIN_VALUE, Q25_MAX_VALUE);  // Q25
 
-        // Clamp ``sample`` to the target bytes per sample range in case gain multiplication overflows
-        sample = clamp<int32_t>(sample, target_min_value, target_max_value);
+        sample *= (1 << 6);  // Q25 -> Q31
 
-        // Copy ``target_bytes_per_sample`` bytes to the output buffer.
-        for (int i = 0; i < target_bytes_per_sample; ++i) {
-          filtered_data.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(sample));
-          sample >>= 8;
-        }
+        audio::pack_q31_as_audio_sample(sample, current_data, target_bytes_per_sample);
+        current_data = current_data + target_bytes_per_sample;
       }
     }
   }
-
-  return filtered_data;
 }
 
 }  // namespace microphone