Merge branch 'dev' into select_options

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick+github@koston.org>

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -192,11 +192,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-      - name: Restore components graph cache
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
-        with:
-          path: .temp/components_graph.json
-          key: components-graph-${{ hashFiles('esphome/components/**/__init__.py') }}
       - name: Determine which tests to run
         id: determine
         env:
@@ -221,12 +216,6 @@ jobs:
           echo "cpp-unit-tests-run-all=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.cpp_unit_tests_run_all')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "cpp-unit-tests-components=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.cpp_unit_tests_components')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "component-test-batches=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.component_test_batches')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      - name: Save components graph cache
-#        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/save@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
-        with:
-          path: .temp/components_graph.json
-          key: components-graph-${{ hashFiles('esphome/components/**/__init__.py') }}
 
   integration-tests:
     name: Run integration tests

esphome/automation.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TYPE_ID,
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
 )
-from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
 from esphome.cpp_generator import (
     LambdaExpression,
     MockObj,
@@ -310,6 +310,30 @@ async def for_condition_to_code(
     return var
 
 
+@register_condition(
+    "component.is_idle",
+    LambdaCondition,
+    maybe_simple_id(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(cg.Component),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def component_is_idle_condition_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    condition_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(
+        Lambda(f"return {comp}->is_idle();"), args, return_type=bool
+    )
+    return new_lambda_pvariable(
+        condition_id, lambda_, StatelessLambdaCondition, template_arg
+    )
+
+
 @register_action(
     "delay", DelayAction, cv.templatable(cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds)
 )

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ message ListEntitiesFanResponse {
   bool disabled_by_default = 9;
   string icon = 10 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   EntityCategory entity_category = 11;
-  repeated string supported_preset_modes = 12 [(container_pointer) = "std::set"];
+  repeated string supported_preset_modes = 12 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "std::vector<const char *>"];
   uint32 device_id = 13 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
 // Deprecated in API version 1.6 - only used in deprecated fields
@@ -1000,9 +1000,9 @@ message ListEntitiesClimateResponse {
   bool supports_action = 12; // Deprecated: use feature_flags
   repeated ClimateFanMode supported_fan_modes = 13 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "climate::ClimateFanModeMask"];
   repeated ClimateSwingMode supported_swing_modes = 14 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "climate::ClimateSwingModeMask"];
-  repeated string supported_custom_fan_modes = 15 [(container_pointer) = "std::vector"];
+  repeated string supported_custom_fan_modes = 15 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "std::vector<const char *>"];
   repeated ClimatePreset supported_presets = 16 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "climate::ClimatePresetMask"];
-  repeated string supported_custom_presets = 17 [(container_pointer) = "std::vector"];
+  repeated string supported_custom_presets = 17 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "std::vector<const char *>"];
   bool disabled_by_default = 18;
   string icon = 19 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   EntityCategory entity_category = 20;

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-// X:
 #include "api_connection.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -424,7 +423,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_fan_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *con
   msg.supports_speed = traits.supports_speed();
   msg.supports_direction = traits.supports_direction();
   msg.supported_speed_count = traits.supported_speed_count();
-  msg.supported_preset_modes = &traits.supported_preset_modes_for_api_();
+  msg.supported_preset_modes = &traits.supported_preset_modes();
   return fill_and_encode_entity_info(fan, msg, ListEntitiesFanResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
 void APIConnection::fan_command(const FanCommandRequest &msg) {
@@ -638,14 +637,14 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() && climate->fan_mode.has_value())
     resp.fan_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateFanMode>(climate->fan_mode.value());
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && climate->custom_fan_mode.has_value()) {
-    resp.set_custom_fan_mode(StringRef(climate->custom_fan_mode.value()));
+  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && climate->has_custom_fan_mode()) {
+    resp.set_custom_fan_mode(StringRef(climate->get_custom_fan_mode()));
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_presets() && climate->preset.has_value()) {
     resp.preset = static_cast<enums::ClimatePreset>(climate->preset.value());
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && climate->custom_preset.has_value()) {
-    resp.set_custom_preset(StringRef(climate->custom_preset.value()));
+  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && climate->has_custom_preset()) {
+    resp.set_custom_preset(StringRef(climate->get_custom_preset()));
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes())
     resp.swing_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateSwingMode>(climate->swing_mode);
@@ -878,7 +877,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_select_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
                                               bool is_single) {
   auto *select = static_cast<select::Select *>(entity);
   SelectStateResponse resp;
-  resp.set_state(StringRef(select->state));
+  resp.set_state(StringRef(select->current_option()));
   resp.missing_state = !select->has_state();
   return fill_and_encode_entity_state(select, resp, SelectStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp

@@ -434,8 +434,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, st
     return APIError::OK;
   }
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> *raw_buffer = buffer.get_buffer();
-  uint8_t *buffer_data = raw_buffer->data();  // Cache buffer pointer
+  uint8_t *buffer_data = buffer.get_buffer()->data();
 
   this->reusable_iovs_.clear();
   this->reusable_iovs_.reserve(packets.size());

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp

@@ -230,8 +230,7 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer
     return APIError::OK;
   }
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> *raw_buffer = buffer.get_buffer();
-  uint8_t *buffer_data = raw_buffer->data();  // Cache buffer pointer
+  uint8_t *buffer_data = buffer.get_buffer()->data();
 
   this->reusable_iovs_.clear();
   this->reusable_iovs_.reserve(packets.size());

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -355,8 +355,8 @@ void ListEntitiesFanResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(10, this->icon_ref_);
 #endif
   buffer.encode_uint32(11, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  for (const auto &it : *this->supported_preset_modes) {
-    buffer.encode_string(12, it, true);
+  for (const char *it : *this->supported_preset_modes) {
+    buffer.encode_string(12, it, strlen(it), true);
   }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(13, this->device_id);
@@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ void ListEntitiesFanResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 #endif
   size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
   if (!this->supported_preset_modes->empty()) {
-    for (const auto &it : *this->supported_preset_modes) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
+    for (const char *it : *this->supported_preset_modes) {
+      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
     }
   }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -1179,14 +1179,14 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   for (const auto &it : *this->supported_swing_modes) {
     buffer.encode_uint32(14, static_cast<uint32_t>(it), true);
   }
-  for (const auto &it : *this->supported_custom_fan_modes) {
-    buffer.encode_string(15, it, true);
+  for (const char *it : *this->supported_custom_fan_modes) {
+    buffer.encode_string(15, it, strlen(it), true);
   }
   for (const auto &it : *this->supported_presets) {
     buffer.encode_uint32(16, static_cast<uint32_t>(it), true);
   }
-  for (const auto &it : *this->supported_custom_presets) {
-    buffer.encode_string(17, it, true);
+  for (const char *it : *this->supported_custom_presets) {
+    buffer.encode_string(17, it, strlen(it), true);
   }
   buffer.encode_bool(18, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
@@ -1229,8 +1229,8 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
     }
   }
   if (!this->supported_custom_fan_modes->empty()) {
-    for (const auto &it : *this->supported_custom_fan_modes) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
+    for (const char *it : *this->supported_custom_fan_modes) {
+      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
     }
   }
   if (!this->supported_presets->empty()) {
@@ -1239,8 +1239,8 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
     }
   }
   if (!this->supported_custom_presets->empty()) {
-    for (const auto &it : *this->supported_custom_presets) {
-      size.add_length_force(2, it.size());
+    for (const char *it : *this->supported_custom_presets) {
+      size.add_length_force(2, strlen(it));
     }
   }
   size.add_bool(2, this->disabled_by_default);

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ class ListEntitiesFanResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_speed{false};
   bool supports_direction{false};
   int32_t supported_speed_count{0};
-  const std::set<std::string> *supported_preset_modes{};
+  const std::vector<const char *> *supported_preset_modes{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -1384,9 +1384,9 @@ class ListEntitiesClimateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_action{false};
   const climate::ClimateFanModeMask *supported_fan_modes{};
   const climate::ClimateSwingModeMask *supported_swing_modes{};
-  const std::vector<std::string> *supported_custom_fan_modes{};
+  const std::vector<const char *> *supported_custom_fan_modes{};
   const climate::ClimatePresetMask *supported_presets{};
-  const std::vector<std::string> *supported_custom_presets{};
+  const std::vector<const char *> *supported_custom_presets{};
   float visual_current_temperature_step{0.0f};
   bool supports_current_humidity{false};
   bool supports_target_humidity{false};

esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_const.h

@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@ enum BedjetCommand : uint8_t {
 static const uint8_t BEDJET_FAN_SPEED_COUNT = 20;
 
 static constexpr const char *const BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAMES[BEDJET_FAN_SPEED_COUNT] = BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAMES_;
-static const std::string BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAME_STRINGS[BEDJET_FAN_SPEED_COUNT] = BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAMES_;
 
 }  // namespace bedjet
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.cpp

@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ namespace bedjet {
 
 using namespace esphome::climate;
 
-static const std::string *bedjet_fan_step_to_fan_mode(const uint8_t fan_step) {
+static const char *bedjet_fan_step_to_fan_mode(const uint8_t fan_step) {
   if (fan_step < BEDJET_FAN_SPEED_COUNT)
-    return &BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAME_STRINGS[fan_step];
+    return BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAMES[fan_step];
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-static uint8_t bedjet_fan_speed_to_step(const std::string &fan_step_percent) {
+static uint8_t bedjet_fan_speed_to_step(const char *fan_step_percent) {
   for (int i = 0; i < BEDJET_FAN_SPEED_COUNT; i++) {
-    if (fan_step_percent == BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAME_STRINGS[i]) {
+    if (strcmp(BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAMES[i], fan_step_percent) == 0) {
       return i;
     }
   }
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_fan_mode_to_string(mode)));
   }
   for (const auto &mode : traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s (c)", mode.c_str());
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s (c)", mode);
   }
 
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Supported presets:");
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_preset_to_string(preset)));
   }
   for (const auto &preset : traits.get_supported_custom_presets()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s (c)", preset.c_str());
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s (c)", preset);
   }
 }
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::reset_state_() {
   this->target_temperature = NAN;
   this->current_temperature = NAN;
   this->preset.reset();
-  this->custom_preset.reset();
+  this->clear_custom_preset_();
   this->publish_state();
 }
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
     if (button_result) {
       this->mode = mode;
       // We're using (custom) preset for Turbo, EXT HT, & M1-3 presets, so changing climate mode will clear those
-      this->custom_preset.reset();
+      this->clear_custom_preset_();
       this->preset.reset();
     }
   }
@@ -144,8 +144,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
 
       if (result) {
         this->mode = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
-        this->preset = CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST;
-        this->custom_preset.reset();
+        this->set_preset_(CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST);
       }
     } else if (preset == CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE && this->preset.has_value()) {
       if (this->mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT && this->preset == CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST) {
@@ -153,7 +152,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
         result = this->parent_->send_button(heat_button(this->heating_mode_));
         if (result) {
           this->preset.reset();
-          this->custom_preset.reset();
+          this->clear_custom_preset_();
         }
       } else {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring preset '%s' call; with current mode '%s' and preset '%s'",
@@ -164,28 +163,27 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported preset: %d", preset);
       return;
     }
-  } else if (call.get_custom_preset().has_value()) {
-    std::string preset = *call.get_custom_preset();
+  } else if (call.has_custom_preset()) {
+    const char *preset = call.get_custom_preset();
     bool result;
 
-    if (preset == "M1") {
+    if (strcmp(preset, "M1") == 0) {
       result = this->parent_->button_memory1();
-    } else if (preset == "M2") {
+    } else if (strcmp(preset, "M2") == 0) {
       result = this->parent_->button_memory2();
-    } else if (preset == "M3") {
+    } else if (strcmp(preset, "M3") == 0) {
       result = this->parent_->button_memory3();
-    } else if (preset == "LTD HT") {
+    } else if (strcmp(preset, "LTD HT") == 0) {
       result = this->parent_->button_heat();
-    } else if (preset == "EXT HT") {
+    } else if (strcmp(preset, "EXT HT") == 0) {
       result = this->parent_->button_ext_heat();
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported preset: %s", preset.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported preset: %s", preset);
       return;
     }
 
     if (result) {
-      this->custom_preset = preset;
-      this->preset.reset();
+      this->set_custom_preset_(preset);
     }
   }
 
@@ -207,19 +205,16 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
     }
 
     if (result) {
-      this->fan_mode = fan_mode;
-      this->custom_fan_mode.reset();
+      this->set_fan_mode_(fan_mode);
     }
-  } else if (call.get_custom_fan_mode().has_value()) {
-    auto fan_mode = *call.get_custom_fan_mode();
+  } else if (call.has_custom_fan_mode()) {
+    const char *fan_mode = call.get_custom_fan_mode();
     auto fan_index = bedjet_fan_speed_to_step(fan_mode);
     if (fan_index <= 19) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Converted fan mode %s to bedjet fan step %d", this->get_name().c_str(), fan_mode.c_str(),
-               fan_index);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Converted fan mode %s to bedjet fan step %d", this->get_name().c_str(), fan_mode, fan_index);
       bool result = this->parent_->set_fan_index(fan_index);
       if (result) {
-        this->custom_fan_mode = fan_mode;
-        this->fan_mode.reset();
+        this->set_custom_fan_mode_(fan_mode);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -245,7 +240,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::on_status(const BedjetStatusPacket *data) {
 
   const auto *fan_mode_name = bedjet_fan_step_to_fan_mode(data->fan_step);
   if (fan_mode_name != nullptr) {
-    this->custom_fan_mode = *fan_mode_name;
+    this->set_custom_fan_mode_(fan_mode_name);
   }
 
   // TODO: Get biorhythm data to determine which preset (M1-3) is running, if any.
@@ -255,7 +250,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::on_status(const BedjetStatusPacket *data) {
       this->mode = CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
       this->action = CLIMATE_ACTION_IDLE;
       this->fan_mode = CLIMATE_FAN_OFF;
-      this->custom_preset.reset();
+      this->clear_custom_preset_();
       this->preset.reset();
       break;
 
@@ -266,7 +261,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::on_status(const BedjetStatusPacket *data) {
       if (this->heating_mode_ == HEAT_MODE_EXTENDED) {
         this->set_custom_preset_("LTD HT");
       } else {
-        this->custom_preset.reset();
+        this->clear_custom_preset_();
       }
       break;
 
@@ -275,7 +270,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::on_status(const BedjetStatusPacket *data) {
       this->action = CLIMATE_ACTION_HEATING;
       this->preset.reset();
       if (this->heating_mode_ == HEAT_MODE_EXTENDED) {
-        this->custom_preset.reset();
+        this->clear_custom_preset_();
       } else {
         this->set_custom_preset_("EXT HT");
       }
@@ -284,20 +279,19 @@ void BedJetClimate::on_status(const BedjetStatusPacket *data) {
     case MODE_COOL:
       this->mode = CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY;
       this->action = CLIMATE_ACTION_COOLING;
-      this->custom_preset.reset();
+      this->clear_custom_preset_();
       this->preset.reset();
       break;
 
     case MODE_DRY:
       this->mode = CLIMATE_MODE_DRY;
       this->action = CLIMATE_ACTION_DRYING;
-      this->custom_preset.reset();
+      this->clear_custom_preset_();
       this->preset.reset();
       break;
 
     case MODE_TURBO:
-      this->preset = CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST;
-      this->custom_preset.reset();
+      this->set_preset_(CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST);
       this->mode = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
       this->action = CLIMATE_ACTION_HEATING;
       break;

esphome/components/bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.h

@@ -50,21 +50,13 @@ class BedJetClimate : public climate::Climate, public BedJetClient, public Polli
         // Climate doesn't have a "TURBO" mode, but we can use the BOOST preset instead.
         climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST,
     });
+    // String literals are stored in rodata and valid for program lifetime
     traits.set_supported_custom_presets({
-        // We could fetch biodata from bedjet and set these names that way.
-        // But then we have to invert the lookup in order to send the right preset.
-        // For now, we can leave them as M1-3 to match the remote buttons.
-        // EXT HT added to match remote button.
-        "EXT HT",
+        this->heating_mode_ == HEAT_MODE_EXTENDED ? "LTD HT" : "EXT HT",
         "M1",
         "M2",
         "M3",
     });
-    if (this->heating_mode_ == HEAT_MODE_EXTENDED) {
-      traits.add_supported_custom_preset("LTD HT");
-    } else {
-      traits.add_supported_custom_preset("EXT HT");
-    }
     traits.set_visual_min_temperature(19.0);
     traits.set_visual_max_temperature(43.0);
     traits.set_visual_temperature_step(1.0);

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_sensor.cpp

@@ -77,6 +77,9 @@ void BLESensor::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t ga
         }
       } else {
         this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
+        // For non-notify characteristics, trigger an immediate read after service discovery
+        // to avoid peripherals disconnecting due to inactivity
+        this->update();
       }
       break;
     }

esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/ble_text_sensor.cpp

@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ void BLETextSensor::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
         }
       } else {
         this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
+        // For non-notify characteristics, trigger an immediate read after service discovery
+        // to avoid peripherals disconnecting due to inactivity
+        this->update();
       }
       break;
     }

esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp

@@ -50,21 +50,21 @@ void ClimateCall::perform() {
     const LogString *mode_s = climate_mode_to_string(*this->mode_);
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(mode_s));
   }
-  if (this->custom_fan_mode_.has_value()) {
+  if (this->custom_fan_mode_ != nullptr) {
     this->fan_mode_.reset();
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, " Custom Fan: %s", this->custom_fan_mode_.value().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, " Custom Fan: %s", this->custom_fan_mode_);
   }
   if (this->fan_mode_.has_value()) {
-    this->custom_fan_mode_.reset();
+    this->custom_fan_mode_ = nullptr;
     const LogString *fan_mode_s = climate_fan_mode_to_string(*this->fan_mode_);
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Fan: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(fan_mode_s));
   }
-  if (this->custom_preset_.has_value()) {
+  if (this->custom_preset_ != nullptr) {
     this->preset_.reset();
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, " Custom Preset: %s", this->custom_preset_.value().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, " Custom Preset: %s", this->custom_preset_);
   }
   if (this->preset_.has_value()) {
-    this->custom_preset_.reset();
+    this->custom_preset_ = nullptr;
     const LogString *preset_s = climate_preset_to_string(*this->preset_);
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Preset: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(preset_s));
   }
@@ -96,11 +96,10 @@ void ClimateCall::validate_() {
       this->mode_.reset();
     }
   }
-  if (this->custom_fan_mode_.has_value()) {
-    auto custom_fan_mode = *this->custom_fan_mode_;
-    if (!traits.supports_custom_fan_mode(custom_fan_mode)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Fan Mode %s not supported", custom_fan_mode.c_str());
-      this->custom_fan_mode_.reset();
+  if (this->custom_fan_mode_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!traits.supports_custom_fan_mode(this->custom_fan_mode_)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Fan Mode %s not supported", this->custom_fan_mode_);
+      this->custom_fan_mode_ = nullptr;
     }
   } else if (this->fan_mode_.has_value()) {
     auto fan_mode = *this->fan_mode_;
@@ -109,11 +108,10 @@ void ClimateCall::validate_() {
       this->fan_mode_.reset();
     }
   }
-  if (this->custom_preset_.has_value()) {
-    auto custom_preset = *this->custom_preset_;
-    if (!traits.supports_custom_preset(custom_preset)) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Preset %s not supported", custom_preset.c_str());
-      this->custom_preset_.reset();
+  if (this->custom_preset_ != nullptr) {
+    if (!traits.supports_custom_preset(this->custom_preset_)) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "  Preset %s not supported", this->custom_preset_);
+      this->custom_preset_ = nullptr;
     }
   } else if (this->preset_.has_value()) {
     auto preset = *this->preset_;
@@ -186,26 +184,29 @@ ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_mode(const std::string &mode) {
 
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(ClimateFanMode fan_mode) {
   this->fan_mode_ = fan_mode;
-  this->custom_fan_mode_.reset();
+  this->custom_fan_mode_ = nullptr;
   return *this;
 }
 
-ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(const std::string &fan_mode) {
+ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(const char *custom_fan_mode) {
+  // Check if it's a standard enum mode first
   for (const auto &mode_entry : CLIMATE_FAN_MODES_BY_STR) {
-    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(fan_mode, mode_entry.str)) {
-      this->set_fan_mode(static_cast<ClimateFanMode>(mode_entry.value));
-      return *this;
+    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(custom_fan_mode, mode_entry.str)) {
+      return this->set_fan_mode(static_cast<ClimateFanMode>(mode_entry.value));
     }
   }
-  if (this->parent_->get_traits().supports_custom_fan_mode(fan_mode)) {
-    this->custom_fan_mode_ = fan_mode;
+  // Find the matching pointer from parent climate device
+  if (const char *mode_ptr = this->parent_->find_custom_fan_mode_(custom_fan_mode)) {
+    this->custom_fan_mode_ = mode_ptr;
     this->fan_mode_.reset();
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized fan mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), fan_mode.c_str());
+    return *this;
   }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized fan mode %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), custom_fan_mode);
   return *this;
 }
 
+ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(const std::string &fan_mode) { return this->set_fan_mode(fan_mode.c_str()); }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(optional<std::string> fan_mode) {
   if (fan_mode.has_value()) {
     this->set_fan_mode(fan_mode.value());
@@ -215,26 +216,29 @@ ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(optional<std::string> fan_mode) {
 
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_preset(ClimatePreset preset) {
   this->preset_ = preset;
-  this->custom_preset_.reset();
+  this->custom_preset_ = nullptr;
   return *this;
 }
 
-ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_preset(const std::string &preset) {
+ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_preset(const char *custom_preset) {
+  // Check if it's a standard enum preset first
   for (const auto &preset_entry : CLIMATE_PRESETS_BY_STR) {
-    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(preset, preset_entry.str)) {
-      this->set_preset(static_cast<ClimatePreset>(preset_entry.value));
-      return *this;
+    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(custom_preset, preset_entry.str)) {
+      return this->set_preset(static_cast<ClimatePreset>(preset_entry.value));
     }
   }
-  if (this->parent_->get_traits().supports_custom_preset(preset)) {
-    this->custom_preset_ = preset;
+  // Find the matching pointer from parent climate device
+  if (const char *preset_ptr = this->parent_->find_custom_preset_(custom_preset)) {
+    this->custom_preset_ = preset_ptr;
     this->preset_.reset();
-  } else {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized preset %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), preset.c_str());
+    return *this;
   }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized preset %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), custom_preset);
   return *this;
 }
 
+ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_preset(const std::string &preset) { return this->set_preset(preset.c_str()); }
+
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_preset(optional<std::string> preset) {
   if (preset.has_value()) {
     this->set_preset(preset.value());
@@ -287,8 +291,6 @@ const optional<ClimateMode> &ClimateCall::get_mode() const { return this->mode_;
 const optional<ClimateFanMode> &ClimateCall::get_fan_mode() const { return this->fan_mode_; }
 const optional<ClimateSwingMode> &ClimateCall::get_swing_mode() const { return this->swing_mode_; }
 const optional<ClimatePreset> &ClimateCall::get_preset() const { return this->preset_; }
-const optional<std::string> &ClimateCall::get_custom_fan_mode() const { return this->custom_fan_mode_; }
-const optional<std::string> &ClimateCall::get_custom_preset() const { return this->custom_preset_; }
 
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_target_temperature_high(optional<float> target_temperature_high) {
   this->target_temperature_high_ = target_temperature_high;
@@ -317,13 +319,13 @@ ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_mode(optional<ClimateMode> mode) {
 
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_fan_mode(optional<ClimateFanMode> fan_mode) {
   this->fan_mode_ = fan_mode;
-  this->custom_fan_mode_.reset();
+  this->custom_fan_mode_ = nullptr;
   return *this;
 }
 
 ClimateCall &ClimateCall::set_preset(optional<ClimatePreset> preset) {
   this->preset_ = preset;
-  this->custom_preset_.reset();
+  this->custom_preset_ = nullptr;
   return *this;
 }
 
@@ -382,13 +384,13 @@ void Climate::save_state_() {
     state.uses_custom_fan_mode = false;
     state.fan_mode = this->fan_mode.value();
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && custom_fan_mode.has_value()) {
+  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && this->has_custom_fan_mode()) {
     state.uses_custom_fan_mode = true;
     const auto &supported = traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes();
     // std::vector maintains insertion order
     size_t i = 0;
-    for (const auto &mode : supported) {
-      if (mode == custom_fan_mode) {
+    for (const char *mode : supported) {
+      if (strcmp(mode, this->custom_fan_mode_) == 0) {
         state.custom_fan_mode = i;
         break;
       }
@@ -399,13 +401,13 @@ void Climate::save_state_() {
     state.uses_custom_preset = false;
     state.preset = this->preset.value();
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && custom_preset.has_value()) {
+  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && this->has_custom_preset()) {
     state.uses_custom_preset = true;
     const auto &supported = traits.get_supported_custom_presets();
     // std::vector maintains insertion order
     size_t i = 0;
-    for (const auto &preset : supported) {
-      if (preset == custom_preset) {
+    for (const char *preset : supported) {
+      if (strcmp(preset, this->custom_preset_) == 0) {
         state.custom_preset = i;
         break;
       }
@@ -430,14 +432,14 @@ void Climate::publish_state() {
   if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() && this->fan_mode.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Fan Mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_fan_mode_to_string(this->fan_mode.value())));
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && this->custom_fan_mode.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Custom Fan Mode: %s", this->custom_fan_mode.value().c_str());
+  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && this->has_custom_fan_mode()) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Custom Fan Mode: %s", this->custom_fan_mode_);
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_presets() && this->preset.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Preset: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_preset_to_string(this->preset.value())));
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && this->custom_preset.has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Custom Preset: %s", this->custom_preset.value().c_str());
+  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && this->has_custom_preset()) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Custom Preset: %s", this->custom_preset_);
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Swing Mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_swing_mode_to_string(this->swing_mode)));
@@ -527,7 +529,7 @@ ClimateCall ClimateDeviceRestoreState::to_call(Climate *climate) {
   if (this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
     if (this->custom_fan_mode < traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().size()) {
       call.fan_mode_.reset();
-      call.custom_fan_mode_ = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().cbegin(), this->custom_fan_mode);
+      call.custom_fan_mode_ = traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes()[this->custom_fan_mode];
     }
   } else if (traits.supports_fan_mode(this->fan_mode)) {
     call.set_fan_mode(this->fan_mode);
@@ -535,7 +537,7 @@ ClimateCall ClimateDeviceRestoreState::to_call(Climate *climate) {
   if (this->uses_custom_preset) {
     if (this->custom_preset < traits.get_supported_custom_presets().size()) {
       call.preset_.reset();
-      call.custom_preset_ = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_presets().cbegin(), this->custom_preset);
+      call.custom_preset_ = traits.get_supported_custom_presets()[this->custom_preset];
     }
   } else if (traits.supports_preset(this->preset)) {
     call.set_preset(this->preset);
@@ -562,20 +564,20 @@ void ClimateDeviceRestoreState::apply(Climate *climate) {
   if (this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
     if (this->custom_fan_mode < traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().size()) {
       climate->fan_mode.reset();
-      climate->custom_fan_mode = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().cbegin(), this->custom_fan_mode);
+      climate->custom_fan_mode_ = traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes()[this->custom_fan_mode];
     }
   } else if (traits.supports_fan_mode(this->fan_mode)) {
     climate->fan_mode = this->fan_mode;
-    climate->custom_fan_mode.reset();
+    climate->clear_custom_fan_mode_();
   }
   if (this->uses_custom_preset) {
     if (this->custom_preset < traits.get_supported_custom_presets().size()) {
       climate->preset.reset();
-      climate->custom_preset = *std::next(traits.get_supported_custom_presets().cbegin(), this->custom_preset);
+      climate->custom_preset_ = traits.get_supported_custom_presets()[this->custom_preset];
     }
   } else if (traits.supports_preset(this->preset)) {
     climate->preset = this->preset;
-    climate->custom_preset.reset();
+    climate->clear_custom_preset_();
   }
   if (traits.supports_swing_mode(this->swing_mode)) {
     climate->swing_mode = this->swing_mode;
@@ -583,28 +585,107 @@ void ClimateDeviceRestoreState::apply(Climate *climate) {
   climate->publish_state();
 }
 
-template<typename T1, typename T2> bool set_alternative(optional<T1> &dst, optional<T2> &alt, const T1 &src) {
-  bool is_changed = alt.has_value();
-  alt.reset();
-  if (is_changed || dst != src) {
-    dst = src;
-    is_changed = true;
+/** Template helper for setting primary modes (fan_mode, preset) with mutual exclusion.
+ *
+ * Climate devices have mutually exclusive mode pairs:
+ *   - fan_mode (enum) vs custom_fan_mode_ (const char*)
+ *   - preset (enum) vs custom_preset_ (const char*)
+ *
+ * Only one mode in each pair can be active at a time. This helper ensures setting a primary
+ * mode automatically clears its corresponding custom mode.
+ *
+ * Example state transitions:
+ *   Before: custom_fan_mode_="Turbo", fan_mode=nullopt
+ *   Call:   set_fan_mode_(CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH)
+ *   After:  custom_fan_mode_=nullptr,   fan_mode=CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH
+ *
+ * @param primary The primary mode optional (fan_mode or preset)
+ * @param custom_ptr Reference to the custom mode pointer (custom_fan_mode_ or custom_preset_)
+ * @param value The new primary mode value to set
+ * @return true if state changed, false if already set to this value
+ */
+template<typename T> bool set_primary_mode(optional<T> &primary, const char *&custom_ptr, T value) {
+  // Clear the custom mode (mutual exclusion)
+  bool changed = custom_ptr != nullptr;
+  custom_ptr = nullptr;
+  // Set the primary mode
+  if (changed || !primary.has_value() || primary.value() != value) {
+    primary = value;
+    return true;
   }
-  return is_changed;
+  return false;
+}
+
+/** Template helper for setting custom modes (custom_fan_mode_, custom_preset_) with mutual exclusion.
+ *
+ * This helper ensures setting a custom mode automatically clears its corresponding primary mode.
+ * It also validates that the custom mode exists in the device's supported modes (lifetime safety).
+ *
+ * Example state transitions:
+ *   Before: fan_mode=CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH, custom_fan_mode_=nullptr
+ *   Call:   set_custom_fan_mode_("Turbo")
+ *   After:  fan_mode=nullopt,          custom_fan_mode_="Turbo" (pointer from traits)
+ *
+ * Lifetime Safety:
+ *   - found_ptr must come from traits.find_custom_*_mode_()
+ *   - Only pointers found in traits are stored, ensuring they remain valid
+ *   - Prevents dangling pointers from temporary strings
+ *
+ * @param custom_ptr Reference to the custom mode pointer to set
+ * @param primary The primary mode optional to clear
+ * @param found_ptr The validated pointer from traits (nullptr if not found)
+ * @param has_custom Whether a custom mode is currently active
+ * @return true if state changed, false otherwise
+ */
+template<typename T>
+bool set_custom_mode(const char *&custom_ptr, optional<T> &primary, const char *found_ptr, bool has_custom) {
+  if (found_ptr != nullptr) {
+    // Clear the primary mode (mutual exclusion)
+    bool changed = primary.has_value();
+    primary.reset();
+    // Set the custom mode (pointer is validated by caller from traits)
+    if (changed || custom_ptr != found_ptr) {
+      custom_ptr = found_ptr;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Mode not found in supported modes, clear it if currently set
+  if (has_custom) {
+    custom_ptr = nullptr;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
 }
 
 bool Climate::set_fan_mode_(ClimateFanMode mode) {
-  return set_alternative(this->fan_mode, this->custom_fan_mode, mode);
+  return set_primary_mode(this->fan_mode, this->custom_fan_mode_, mode);
 }
 
-bool Climate::set_custom_fan_mode_(const std::string &mode) {
-  return set_alternative(this->custom_fan_mode, this->fan_mode, mode);
+bool Climate::set_custom_fan_mode_(const char *mode) {
+  auto traits = this->get_traits();
+  return set_custom_mode<ClimateFanMode>(this->custom_fan_mode_, this->fan_mode, traits.find_custom_fan_mode_(mode),
+                                         this->has_custom_fan_mode());
 }
 
-bool Climate::set_preset_(ClimatePreset preset) { return set_alternative(this->preset, this->custom_preset, preset); }
+void Climate::clear_custom_fan_mode_() { this->custom_fan_mode_ = nullptr; }
 
-bool Climate::set_custom_preset_(const std::string &preset) {
-  return set_alternative(this->custom_preset, this->preset, preset);
+bool Climate::set_preset_(ClimatePreset preset) { return set_primary_mode(this->preset, this->custom_preset_, preset); }
+
+bool Climate::set_custom_preset_(const char *preset) {
+  auto traits = this->get_traits();
+  return set_custom_mode<ClimatePreset>(this->custom_preset_, this->preset, traits.find_custom_preset_(preset),
+                                        this->has_custom_preset());
+}
+
+void Climate::clear_custom_preset_() { this->custom_preset_ = nullptr; }
+
+const char *Climate::find_custom_fan_mode_(const char *custom_fan_mode) {
+  return this->get_traits().find_custom_fan_mode_(custom_fan_mode);
+}
+
+const char *Climate::find_custom_preset_(const char *custom_preset) {
+  return this->get_traits().find_custom_preset_(custom_preset);
 }
 
 void Climate::dump_traits_(const char *tag) {
@@ -656,8 +737,8 @@ void Climate::dump_traits_(const char *tag) {
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported custom fan modes:");
-    for (const std::string &s : traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes())
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", s.c_str());
+    for (const char *s : traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes())
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", s);
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_presets().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported presets:");
@@ -666,8 +747,8 @@ void Climate::dump_traits_(const char *tag) {
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported custom presets:");
-    for (const std::string &s : traits.get_supported_custom_presets())
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", s.c_str());
+    for (const char *s : traits.get_supported_custom_presets())
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  - %s", s);
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_swing_modes().empty()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "  Supported swing modes:");

esphome/components/climate/climate.h

@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ class ClimateCall {
   ClimateCall &set_fan_mode(const std::string &fan_mode);
   /// Set the fan mode of the climate device based on a string.
   ClimateCall &set_fan_mode(optional<std::string> fan_mode);
+  /// Set the custom fan mode of the climate device.
+  ClimateCall &set_fan_mode(const char *custom_fan_mode);
   /// Set the swing mode of the climate device.
   ClimateCall &set_swing_mode(ClimateSwingMode swing_mode);
   /// Set the swing mode of the climate device.
@@ -91,6 +93,8 @@ class ClimateCall {
   ClimateCall &set_preset(const std::string &preset);
   /// Set the preset of the climate device based on a string.
   ClimateCall &set_preset(optional<std::string> preset);
+  /// Set the custom preset of the climate device.
+  ClimateCall &set_preset(const char *custom_preset);
 
   void perform();
 
@@ -103,8 +107,10 @@ class ClimateCall {
   const optional<ClimateFanMode> &get_fan_mode() const;
   const optional<ClimateSwingMode> &get_swing_mode() const;
   const optional<ClimatePreset> &get_preset() const;
-  const optional<std::string> &get_custom_fan_mode() const;
-  const optional<std::string> &get_custom_preset() const;
+  const char *get_custom_fan_mode() const { return this->custom_fan_mode_; }
+  const char *get_custom_preset() const { return this->custom_preset_; }
+  bool has_custom_fan_mode() const { return this->custom_fan_mode_ != nullptr; }
+  bool has_custom_preset() const { return this->custom_preset_ != nullptr; }
 
  protected:
   void validate_();
@@ -118,8 +124,10 @@ class ClimateCall {
   optional<ClimateFanMode> fan_mode_;
   optional<ClimateSwingMode> swing_mode_;
   optional<ClimatePreset> preset_;
-  optional<std::string> custom_fan_mode_;
-  optional<std::string> custom_preset_;
+
+ private:
+  const char *custom_fan_mode_{nullptr};
+  const char *custom_preset_{nullptr};
 };
 
 /// Struct used to save the state of the climate device in restore memory.
@@ -212,6 +220,12 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
   void set_visual_min_humidity_override(float visual_min_humidity_override);
   void set_visual_max_humidity_override(float visual_max_humidity_override);
 
+  /// Check if a custom fan mode is currently active.
+  bool has_custom_fan_mode() const { return this->custom_fan_mode_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /// Check if a custom preset is currently active.
+  bool has_custom_preset() const { return this->custom_preset_ != nullptr; }
+
   /// The current temperature of the climate device, as reported from the integration.
   float current_temperature{NAN};
 
@@ -238,12 +252,6 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
   /// The active preset of the climate device.
   optional<ClimatePreset> preset;
 
-  /// The active custom fan mode of the climate device.
-  optional<std::string> custom_fan_mode;
-
-  /// The active custom preset mode of the climate device.
-  optional<std::string> custom_preset;
-
   /// The active mode of the climate device.
   ClimateMode mode{CLIMATE_MODE_OFF};
 
@@ -253,20 +261,37 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
   /// The active swing mode of the climate device.
   ClimateSwingMode swing_mode{CLIMATE_SWING_OFF};
 
+  /// Get the active custom fan mode (read-only access).
+  const char *get_custom_fan_mode() const { return this->custom_fan_mode_; }
+
+  /// Get the active custom preset (read-only access).
+  const char *get_custom_preset() const { return this->custom_preset_; }
+
  protected:
   friend ClimateCall;
+  friend struct ClimateDeviceRestoreState;
 
   /// Set fan mode. Reset custom fan mode. Return true if fan mode has been changed.
   bool set_fan_mode_(ClimateFanMode mode);
 
   /// Set custom fan mode. Reset primary fan mode. Return true if fan mode has been changed.
-  bool set_custom_fan_mode_(const std::string &mode);
+  bool set_custom_fan_mode_(const char *mode);
+  /// Clear custom fan mode.
+  void clear_custom_fan_mode_();
 
   /// Set preset. Reset custom preset. Return true if preset has been changed.
   bool set_preset_(ClimatePreset preset);
 
   /// Set custom preset. Reset primary preset. Return true if preset has been changed.
-  bool set_custom_preset_(const std::string &preset);
+  bool set_custom_preset_(const char *preset);
+  /// Clear custom preset.
+  void clear_custom_preset_();
+
+  /// Find and return the matching custom fan mode pointer from traits, or nullptr if not found.
+  const char *find_custom_fan_mode_(const char *custom_fan_mode);
+
+  /// Find and return the matching custom preset pointer from traits, or nullptr if not found.
+  const char *find_custom_preset_(const char *custom_preset);
 
   /** Get the default traits of this climate device.
    *
@@ -303,6 +328,21 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
   optional<float> visual_current_temperature_step_override_{};
   optional<float> visual_min_humidity_override_{};
   optional<float> visual_max_humidity_override_{};
+
+ private:
+  /** The active custom fan mode (private - enforces use of safe setters).
+   *
+   * Points to an entry in traits.supported_custom_fan_modes_ or nullptr.
+   * Use get_custom_fan_mode() to read, set_custom_fan_mode_() to modify.
+   */
+  const char *custom_fan_mode_{nullptr};
+
+  /** The active custom preset (private - enforces use of safe setters).
+   *
+   * Points to an entry in traits.supported_custom_presets_ or nullptr.
+   * Use get_custom_preset() to read, set_custom_preset_() to modify.
+   */
+  const char *custom_preset_{nullptr};
 };
 
 }  // namespace climate

esphome/components/climate/climate_traits.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cstring>
 #include <vector>
 #include "climate_mode.h"
 #include "esphome/core/finite_set_mask.h"
@@ -18,16 +19,25 @@ using ClimateSwingModeMask =
     FiniteSetMask<ClimateSwingMode, DefaultBitPolicy<ClimateSwingMode, CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL + 1>>;
 using ClimatePresetMask = FiniteSetMask<ClimatePreset, DefaultBitPolicy<ClimatePreset, CLIMATE_PRESET_ACTIVITY + 1>>;
 
-// Lightweight linear search for small vectors (1-20 items)
+// Lightweight linear search for small vectors (1-20 items) of const char* pointers
 // Avoids std::find template overhead
-template<typename T> inline bool vector_contains(const std::vector<T> &vec, const T &value) {
-  for (const auto &item : vec) {
-    if (item == value)
+inline bool vector_contains(const std::vector<const char *> &vec, const char *value) {
+  for (const char *item : vec) {
+    if (strcmp(item, value) == 0)
       return true;
   }
   return false;
 }
 
+// Find and return matching pointer from vector, or nullptr if not found
+inline const char *vector_find(const std::vector<const char *> &vec, const char *value) {
+  for (const char *item : vec) {
+    if (strcmp(item, value) == 0)
+      return item;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
 /** This class contains all static data for climate devices.
  *
  * All climate devices must support these features:
@@ -55,7 +65,11 @@ template<typename T> inline bool vector_contains(const std::vector<T> &vec, cons
  *  - temperature step - the step with which to increase/decrease target temperature.
  *     This also affects with how many decimal places the temperature is shown
  */
+class Climate;  // Forward declaration
+
 class ClimateTraits {
+  friend class Climate;  // Allow Climate to access protected find methods
+
  public:
   /// Get/set feature flags (see ClimateFeatures enum in climate_mode.h)
   uint32_t get_feature_flags() const { return this->feature_flags_; }
@@ -128,47 +142,61 @@ class ClimateTraits {
 
   void set_supported_fan_modes(ClimateFanModeMask modes) { this->supported_fan_modes_ = modes; }
   void add_supported_fan_mode(ClimateFanMode mode) { this->supported_fan_modes_.insert(mode); }
-  void add_supported_custom_fan_mode(const std::string &mode) { this->supported_custom_fan_modes_.push_back(mode); }
   bool supports_fan_mode(ClimateFanMode fan_mode) const { return this->supported_fan_modes_.count(fan_mode); }
   bool get_supports_fan_modes() const {
     return !this->supported_fan_modes_.empty() || !this->supported_custom_fan_modes_.empty();
   }
   const ClimateFanModeMask &get_supported_fan_modes() const { return this->supported_fan_modes_; }
 
-  void set_supported_custom_fan_modes(std::vector<std::string> supported_custom_fan_modes) {
-    this->supported_custom_fan_modes_ = std::move(supported_custom_fan_modes);
+  void set_supported_custom_fan_modes(std::initializer_list<const char *> modes) {
+    this->supported_custom_fan_modes_ = modes;
   }
-  void set_supported_custom_fan_modes(std::initializer_list<std::string> modes) {
+  void set_supported_custom_fan_modes(const std::vector<const char *> &modes) {
     this->supported_custom_fan_modes_ = modes;
   }
   template<size_t N> void set_supported_custom_fan_modes(const char *const (&modes)[N]) {
     this->supported_custom_fan_modes_.assign(modes, modes + N);
   }
-  const std::vector<std::string> &get_supported_custom_fan_modes() const { return this->supported_custom_fan_modes_; }
-  bool supports_custom_fan_mode(const std::string &custom_fan_mode) const {
+
+  // Deleted overloads to catch incorrect std::string usage at compile time with clear error messages
+  void set_supported_custom_fan_modes(const std::vector<std::string> &modes) = delete;
+  void set_supported_custom_fan_modes(std::initializer_list<std::string> modes) = delete;
+
+  const std::vector<const char *> &get_supported_custom_fan_modes() const { return this->supported_custom_fan_modes_; }
+  bool supports_custom_fan_mode(const char *custom_fan_mode) const {
     return vector_contains(this->supported_custom_fan_modes_, custom_fan_mode);
   }
+  bool supports_custom_fan_mode(const std::string &custom_fan_mode) const {
+    return this->supports_custom_fan_mode(custom_fan_mode.c_str());
+  }
 
   void set_supported_presets(ClimatePresetMask presets) { this->supported_presets_ = presets; }
   void add_supported_preset(ClimatePreset preset) { this->supported_presets_.insert(preset); }
-  void add_supported_custom_preset(const std::string &preset) { this->supported_custom_presets_.push_back(preset); }
   bool supports_preset(ClimatePreset preset) const { return this->supported_presets_.count(preset); }
   bool get_supports_presets() const { return !this->supported_presets_.empty(); }
   const ClimatePresetMask &get_supported_presets() const { return this->supported_presets_; }
 
-  void set_supported_custom_presets(std::vector<std::string> supported_custom_presets) {
-    this->supported_custom_presets_ = std::move(supported_custom_presets);
+  void set_supported_custom_presets(std::initializer_list<const char *> presets) {
+    this->supported_custom_presets_ = presets;
   }
-  void set_supported_custom_presets(std::initializer_list<std::string> presets) {
+  void set_supported_custom_presets(const std::vector<const char *> &presets) {
     this->supported_custom_presets_ = presets;
   }
   template<size_t N> void set_supported_custom_presets(const char *const (&presets)[N]) {
     this->supported_custom_presets_.assign(presets, presets + N);
   }
-  const std::vector<std::string> &get_supported_custom_presets() const { return this->supported_custom_presets_; }
-  bool supports_custom_preset(const std::string &custom_preset) const {
+
+  // Deleted overloads to catch incorrect std::string usage at compile time with clear error messages
+  void set_supported_custom_presets(const std::vector<std::string> &presets) = delete;
+  void set_supported_custom_presets(std::initializer_list<std::string> presets) = delete;
+
+  const std::vector<const char *> &get_supported_custom_presets() const { return this->supported_custom_presets_; }
+  bool supports_custom_preset(const char *custom_preset) const {
     return vector_contains(this->supported_custom_presets_, custom_preset);
   }
+  bool supports_custom_preset(const std::string &custom_preset) const {
+    return this->supports_custom_preset(custom_preset.c_str());
+  }
 
   void set_supported_swing_modes(ClimateSwingModeMask modes) { this->supported_swing_modes_ = modes; }
   void add_supported_swing_mode(ClimateSwingMode mode) { this->supported_swing_modes_.insert(mode); }
@@ -227,6 +255,18 @@ class ClimateTraits {
     }
   }
 
+  /// Find and return the matching custom fan mode pointer from supported modes, or nullptr if not found
+  /// This is protected as it's an implementation detail - use Climate::find_custom_fan_mode_() instead
+  const char *find_custom_fan_mode_(const char *custom_fan_mode) const {
+    return vector_find(this->supported_custom_fan_modes_, custom_fan_mode);
+  }
+
+  /// Find and return the matching custom preset pointer from supported presets, or nullptr if not found
+  /// This is protected as it's an implementation detail - use Climate::find_custom_preset_() instead
+  const char *find_custom_preset_(const char *custom_preset) const {
+    return vector_find(this->supported_custom_presets_, custom_preset);
+  }
+
   uint32_t feature_flags_{0};
   float visual_min_temperature_{10};
   float visual_max_temperature_{30};
@@ -239,8 +279,17 @@ class ClimateTraits {
   climate::ClimateFanModeMask supported_fan_modes_;
   climate::ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes_;
   climate::ClimatePresetMask supported_presets_;
-  std::vector<std::string> supported_custom_fan_modes_;
-  std::vector<std::string> supported_custom_presets_;
+
+  /** Custom mode storage using const char* pointers to eliminate std::string overhead.
+   *
+   * Pointers must remain valid for the ClimateTraits lifetime. Safe patterns:
+   *  - String literals: set_supported_custom_fan_modes({"Turbo", "Silent"})
+   *  - Static const data: static const char* MODE = "Eco";
+   *
+   * Climate class setters validate pointers are from these vectors before storing.
+   */
+  std::vector<const char *> supported_custom_fan_modes_;
+  std::vector<const char *> supported_custom_presets_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace climate

esphome/components/copy/select/copy_select.cpp

@@ -7,19 +7,19 @@ namespace copy {
 static const char *const TAG = "copy.select";
 
 void CopySelect::setup() {
-  source_->add_on_state_callback([this](const std::string &value, size_t index) { this->publish_state(value); });
+  source_->add_on_state_callback([this](const std::string &value, size_t index) { this->publish_state(index); });
 
   traits.set_options(source_->traits.get_options());
 
   if (source_->has_state())
-    this->publish_state(source_->state);
+    this->publish_state(source_->active_index().value());
 }
 
 void CopySelect::dump_config() { LOG_SELECT("", "Copy Select", this); }
 
-void CopySelect::control(const std::string &value) {
+void CopySelect::control(size_t index) {
   auto call = source_->make_call();
-  call.set_option(value);
+  call.set_index(index);
   call.perform();
 }
 

esphome/components/copy/select/copy_select.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class CopySelect : public select::Select, public Component {
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 
   select::Select *source_;
 };

esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp

@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@
 
 #define BOOTLOADER_VERSION_REGISTER NRF_TIMER2->CC[0]
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace debug {
+namespace esphome::debug {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "debug";
 constexpr std::uintptr_t MBR_PARAM_PAGE_ADDR = 0xFFC;
@@ -281,14 +280,18 @@ void DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::string &device_info) {
            NRF_FICR->INFO.VARIANT & 0xFF, package(NRF_FICR->INFO.PACKAGE));
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "RAM: %ukB, Flash: %ukB, production test: %sdone", NRF_FICR->INFO.RAM, NRF_FICR->INFO.FLASH,
            (NRF_FICR->PRODTEST[0] == 0xBB42319F ? "" : "not "));
+  bool n_reset_enabled = NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[0] == NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[1] &&
+                         (NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[0] & UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Msk) == UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Connected
+                                                                                      << UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Pos;
   ESP_LOGD(
       TAG, "GPIO as NFC pins: %s, GPIO as nRESET pin: %s",
       YESNO((NRF_UICR->NFCPINS & UICR_NFCPINS_PROTECT_Msk) == (UICR_NFCPINS_PROTECT_NFC << UICR_NFCPINS_PROTECT_Pos)),
-      YESNO(((NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[0] & UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Msk) !=
-             (UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Connected << UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Pos)) ||
-            ((NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[1] & UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Msk) !=
-             (UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Connected << UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Pos))));
-
+      YESNO(n_reset_enabled));
+  if (n_reset_enabled) {
+    uint8_t port = (NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[0] & UICR_PSELRESET_PORT_Msk) >> UICR_PSELRESET_PORT_Pos;
+    uint8_t pin = (NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[0] & UICR_PSELRESET_PIN_Msk) >> UICR_PSELRESET_PIN_Pos;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "nRESET port P%u.%02u", port, pin);
+  }
 #ifdef USE_BOOTLOADER_MCUBOOT
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "bootloader: mcuboot");
 #else
@@ -322,10 +325,22 @@ void DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::string &device_info) {
 #endif
   }
 #endif
+  auto uicr = [](volatile uint32_t *data, uint8_t size) {
+    std::string res;
+    char buf[sizeof(uint32_t) * 2 + 1];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      if (i > 0) {
+        res += ' ';
+      }
+      res += format_hex_pretty<uint32_t>(data[i], '\0', false);
+    }
+    return res;
+  };
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "NRFFW %s", uicr(NRF_UICR->NRFFW, 13).c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "NRFHW %s", uicr(NRF_UICR->NRFHW, 12).c_str());
 }
 
 void DebugComponent::update_platform_() {}
 
-}  // namespace debug
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::debug
 #endif

esphome/components/demo/demo_climate.h

@@ -28,16 +28,16 @@ class DemoClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
         this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_AUTO;
         this->action = climate::CLIMATE_ACTION_COOLING;
         this->fan_mode = climate::CLIMATE_FAN_HIGH;
-        this->custom_preset = {"My Preset"};
+        this->set_custom_preset_("My Preset");
         break;
       case DemoClimateType::TYPE_3:
         this->current_temperature = 21.5;
         this->target_temperature_low = 21.0;
         this->target_temperature_high = 22.5;
         this->mode = climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL;
-        this->custom_fan_mode = {"Auto Low"};
+        this->set_custom_fan_mode_("Auto Low");
         this->swing_mode = climate::CLIMATE_SWING_HORIZONTAL;
-        this->preset = climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY;
+        this->set_preset_(climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY);
         break;
     }
     this->publish_state();
@@ -58,23 +58,19 @@ class DemoClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
       this->target_temperature_high = *call.get_target_temperature_high();
     }
     if (call.get_fan_mode().has_value()) {
-      this->fan_mode = *call.get_fan_mode();
-      this->custom_fan_mode.reset();
+      this->set_fan_mode_(*call.get_fan_mode());
     }
     if (call.get_swing_mode().has_value()) {
       this->swing_mode = *call.get_swing_mode();
     }
-    if (call.get_custom_fan_mode().has_value()) {
-      this->custom_fan_mode = *call.get_custom_fan_mode();
-      this->fan_mode.reset();
+    if (call.has_custom_fan_mode()) {
+      this->set_custom_fan_mode_(call.get_custom_fan_mode());
     }
     if (call.get_preset().has_value()) {
-      this->preset = *call.get_preset();
-      this->custom_preset.reset();
+      this->set_preset_(*call.get_preset());
     }
-    if (call.get_custom_preset().has_value()) {
-      this->custom_preset = *call.get_custom_preset();
-      this->preset.reset();
+    if (call.has_custom_preset()) {
+      this->set_custom_preset_(call.get_custom_preset());
     }
     this->publish_state();
   }

esphome/components/display_menu_base/menu_item.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ std::string MenuItemSelect::get_value_text() const {
     result = this->value_getter_.value()(this);
   } else {
     if (this->select_var_ != nullptr) {
-      result = this->select_var_->state;
+      result = this->select_var_->current_option();
     }
   }
 

esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp

@@ -96,7 +96,11 @@ void loop_task(void *pv_params) {
 
 extern "C" void app_main() {
   esp32::setup_preferences();
+#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_UNICORE
   xTaskCreate(loop_task, "loopTask", 8192, nullptr, 1, &loop_task_handle);
+#else
+  xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(loop_task, "loopTask", 8192, nullptr, 1, &loop_task_handle, 1);
+#endif
 }
 #endif  // USE_ESP_IDF
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import socket
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option, const, get_esp32_variant
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
@@ -481,6 +482,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_name(name))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
+    # BLE uses 1 UDP socket for event notification to wake up main loop from select()
+    # This enables low-latency (~12μs) BLE event processing instead of waiting for
+    # select() timeout (0-16ms). The socket is created in ble_setup_() and used to
+    # wake lwip_select() when BLE events arrive from the BLE thread.
+    # Note: Called during config generation, socket is created at runtime. In practice,
+    # always used since esp32_ble only runs on ESP32 which always has USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT.
+    socket.consume_sockets(1, "esp32_ble")(config)
+
     # Define max connections for use in C++ code (e.g., ble_server.h)
     max_connections = config.get(CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS, DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_MAX_CONNECTIONS", max_connections)

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp

@@ -27,10 +27,34 @@ extern "C" {
 #include <esp32-hal-bt.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#include <lwip/sockets.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::esp32_ble {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble";
 
+// GAP event groups for deduplication across gap_event_handler and dispatch_gap_event_
+#define GAP_SCAN_COMPLETE_EVENTS \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_PARAM_SET_COMPLETE_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_START_COMPLETE_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_STOP_COMPLETE_EVT
+
+#define GAP_ADV_COMPLETE_EVENTS \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RSP_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_RAW_SET_COMPLETE_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_START_COMPLETE_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_STOP_COMPLETE_EVT
+
+#define GAP_SECURITY_EVENTS \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_PASSKEY_NOTIF_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_PASSKEY_REQ_EVT: \
+  case ESP_GAP_BLE_NC_REQ_EVT
+
 void ESP32BLE::setup() {
   global_ble = this;
   if (!ble_pre_setup_()) {
@@ -273,10 +297,21 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
   // BLE takes some time to be fully set up, 200ms should be more than enough
   delay(200);  // NOLINT
 
+  // Set up notification socket to wake main loop for BLE events
+  // This enables low-latency (~12μs) event processing instead of waiting for select() timeout
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+  this->setup_event_notification_();
+#endif
+
   return true;
 }
 
 bool ESP32BLE::ble_dismantle_() {
+  // Clean up notification socket first before dismantling BLE stack
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+  this->cleanup_event_notification_();
+#endif
+
   esp_err_t err = esp_bluedroid_disable();
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_bluedroid_disable failed: %d", err);
@@ -374,6 +409,12 @@ void ESP32BLE::loop() {
       break;
   }
 
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+  // Drain any notification socket events first
+  // This clears the socket so it doesn't stay "ready" in subsequent select() calls
+  this->drain_event_notifications_();
+#endif
+
   BLEEvent *ble_event = this->ble_events_.pop();
   while (ble_event != nullptr) {
     switch (ble_event->type_) {
@@ -414,60 +455,48 @@ void ESP32BLE::loop() {
             break;
 
           // Scan complete events
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_PARAM_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_START_COMPLETE_EVT:
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_STOP_COMPLETE_EVT:
-            // All three scan complete events have the same structure with just status
-            // The scan_complete struct matches ESP-IDF's layout exactly, so this reinterpret_cast is safe
-            // This is verified at compile-time by static_assert checks in ble_event.h
-            // The struct already contains our copy of the status (copied in BLEEvent constructor)
-            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "gap_event_handler - %d", gap_event);
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT
-            for (auto *gap_handler : this->gap_event_handlers_) {
-              gap_handler->gap_event_handler(
-                  gap_event, reinterpret_cast<esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *>(&ble_event->event_.gap.scan_complete));
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-
+          GAP_SCAN_COMPLETE_EVENTS:
           // Advertising complete events
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RSP_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_RAW_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_START_COMPLETE_EVT:
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_STOP_COMPLETE_EVT:
-            // All advertising complete events have the same structure with just status
-            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "gap_event_handler - %d", gap_event);
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT
-            for (auto *gap_handler : this->gap_event_handlers_) {
-              gap_handler->gap_event_handler(
-                  gap_event, reinterpret_cast<esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *>(&ble_event->event_.gap.adv_complete));
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-
+          GAP_ADV_COMPLETE_EVENTS:
           // RSSI complete event
           case ESP_GAP_BLE_READ_RSSI_COMPLETE_EVT:
-            ESP_LOGV(TAG, "gap_event_handler - %d", gap_event);
-#ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT
-            for (auto *gap_handler : this->gap_event_handlers_) {
-              gap_handler->gap_event_handler(
-                  gap_event, reinterpret_cast<esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *>(&ble_event->event_.gap.read_rssi_complete));
-            }
-#endif
-            break;
-
           // Security events
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT:
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT:
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_PASSKEY_NOTIF_EVT:
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_PASSKEY_REQ_EVT:
-          case ESP_GAP_BLE_NC_REQ_EVT:
+          GAP_SECURITY_EVENTS:
             ESP_LOGV(TAG, "gap_event_handler - %d", gap_event);
 #ifdef ESPHOME_ESP32_BLE_GAP_EVENT_HANDLER_COUNT
-            for (auto *gap_handler : this->gap_event_handlers_) {
-              gap_handler->gap_event_handler(
-                  gap_event, reinterpret_cast<esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *>(&ble_event->event_.gap.security));
+            {
+              esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param;
+              // clang-format off
+              switch (gap_event) {
+                // All three scan complete events have the same structure with just status
+                // The scan_complete struct matches ESP-IDF's layout exactly, so this reinterpret_cast is safe
+                // This is verified at compile-time by static_assert checks in ble_event.h
+                // The struct already contains our copy of the status (copied in BLEEvent constructor)
+                GAP_SCAN_COMPLETE_EVENTS:
+                  param = reinterpret_cast<esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *>(&ble_event->event_.gap.scan_complete);
+                  break;
+
+                // All advertising complete events have the same structure with just status
+                GAP_ADV_COMPLETE_EVENTS:
+                  param = reinterpret_cast<esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *>(&ble_event->event_.gap.adv_complete);
+                  break;
+
+                case ESP_GAP_BLE_READ_RSSI_COMPLETE_EVT:
+                  param = reinterpret_cast<esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *>(&ble_event->event_.gap.read_rssi_complete);
+                  break;
+
+                GAP_SECURITY_EVENTS:
+                  param = reinterpret_cast<esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *>(&ble_event->event_.gap.security);
+                  break;
+
+                default:
+                  break;
+              }
+              // clang-format on
+              // Dispatch to all registered handlers
+              for (auto *gap_handler : this->gap_event_handlers_) {
+                gap_handler->gap_event_handler(gap_event, param);
+              }
             }
 #endif
             break;
@@ -547,26 +576,24 @@ void ESP32BLE::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_pa
     // Queue GAP events that components need to handle
     // Scanning events - used by esp32_ble_tracker
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RESULT_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_PARAM_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_START_COMPLETE_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_STOP_COMPLETE_EVT:
+    GAP_SCAN_COMPLETE_EVENTS:
     // Advertising events - used by esp32_ble_beacon and esp32_ble server
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_SCAN_RSP_DATA_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_DATA_RAW_SET_COMPLETE_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_START_COMPLETE_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_ADV_STOP_COMPLETE_EVT:
+    GAP_ADV_COMPLETE_EVENTS:
     // Connection events - used by ble_client
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_READ_RSSI_COMPLETE_EVT:
-    // Security events - used by ble_client and bluetooth_proxy
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_PASSKEY_NOTIF_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_PASSKEY_REQ_EVT:
-    case ESP_GAP_BLE_NC_REQ_EVT:
       enqueue_ble_event(event, param);
       return;
 
+    // Security events - used by ble_client and bluetooth_proxy
+    // These are rare but interactive (pairing/bonding), so notify immediately
+    GAP_SECURITY_EVENTS:
+      enqueue_ble_event(event, param);
+      // Wake up main loop to process security event immediately
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+      global_ble->notify_main_loop_();
+#endif
+      return;
+
     // Ignore these GAP events as they are not relevant for our use case
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_UPDATE_CONN_PARAMS_EVT:
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_SET_PKT_LENGTH_COMPLETE_EVT:
@@ -584,6 +611,10 @@ void ESP32BLE::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_pa
 void ESP32BLE::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if,
                                    esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param) {
   enqueue_ble_event(event, gatts_if, param);
+  // Wake up main loop to process GATT event immediately
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+  global_ble->notify_main_loop_();
+#endif
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -591,6 +622,10 @@ void ESP32BLE::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gat
 void ESP32BLE::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
                                    esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
   enqueue_ble_event(event, gattc_if, param);
+  // Wake up main loop to process GATT event immediately
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+  global_ble->notify_main_loop_();
+#endif
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -630,6 +665,89 @@ void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
   }
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+void ESP32BLE::setup_event_notification_() {
+  // Create UDP socket for event notifications
+  this->notify_fd_ = lwip_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+  if (this->notify_fd_ < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Event socket create failed: %d", errno);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Bind to loopback with auto-assigned port
+  struct sockaddr_in addr = {};
+  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+  addr.sin_addr.s_addr = lwip_htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK);
+  addr.sin_port = 0;  // Auto-assign port
+
+  if (lwip_bind(this->notify_fd_, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Event socket bind failed: %d", errno);
+    lwip_close(this->notify_fd_);
+    this->notify_fd_ = -1;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Get the assigned address and connect to it
+  // Connecting a UDP socket allows using send() instead of sendto() for better performance
+  struct sockaddr_in notify_addr;
+  socklen_t len = sizeof(notify_addr);
+  if (lwip_getsockname(this->notify_fd_, (struct sockaddr *) &notify_addr, &len) < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Event socket address failed: %d", errno);
+    lwip_close(this->notify_fd_);
+    this->notify_fd_ = -1;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Connect to self (loopback) - allows using send() instead of sendto()
+  // After connect(), no need to store notify_addr - the socket remembers it
+  if (lwip_connect(this->notify_fd_, (struct sockaddr *) &notify_addr, sizeof(notify_addr)) < 0) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Event socket connect failed: %d", errno);
+    lwip_close(this->notify_fd_);
+    this->notify_fd_ = -1;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Set non-blocking mode
+  int flags = lwip_fcntl(this->notify_fd_, F_GETFL, 0);
+  lwip_fcntl(this->notify_fd_, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+  // Register with application's select() loop
+  if (!App.register_socket_fd(this->notify_fd_)) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Event socket register failed");
+    lwip_close(this->notify_fd_);
+    this->notify_fd_ = -1;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Event socket ready");
+}
+
+void ESP32BLE::cleanup_event_notification_() {
+  if (this->notify_fd_ >= 0) {
+    App.unregister_socket_fd(this->notify_fd_);
+    lwip_close(this->notify_fd_);
+    this->notify_fd_ = -1;
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Event socket closed");
+  }
+}
+
+void ESP32BLE::drain_event_notifications_() {
+  // Called from main loop to drain any pending notifications
+  // Must check is_socket_ready() to avoid blocking on empty socket
+  if (this->notify_fd_ >= 0 && App.is_socket_ready(this->notify_fd_)) {
+    char buffer[BLE_EVENT_NOTIFY_DRAIN_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    // Drain all pending notifications with non-blocking reads
+    // Multiple BLE events may have triggered multiple writes, so drain until EWOULDBLOCK
+    // We control both ends of this loopback socket (always write 1 byte per event),
+    // so no error checking needed - any errors indicate catastrophic system failure
+    while (lwip_recvfrom(this->notify_fd_, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, nullptr, nullptr) > 0) {
+      // Just draining, no action needed - actual BLE events are already queued
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+
 uint64_t ble_addr_to_uint64(const esp_bd_addr_t address) {
   uint64_t u = 0;
   u |= uint64_t(address[0] & 0xFF) << 40;

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
 #include <esp_gatts_api.h>
 
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+#include <lwip/sockets.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome::esp32_ble {
 
 // Maximum size of the BLE event queue
@@ -162,6 +166,13 @@ class ESP32BLE : public Component {
   void advertising_init_();
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+  void setup_event_notification_();    // Create notification socket
+  void cleanup_event_notification_();  // Close and unregister socket
+  inline void notify_main_loop_();     // Wake up select() from BLE thread (hot path - inlined)
+  void drain_event_notifications_();   // Read pending notifications in main loop
+#endif
+
  private:
   template<typename... Args> friend void enqueue_ble_event(Args... args);
 
@@ -196,6 +207,13 @@ class ESP32BLE : public Component {
   esp_ble_io_cap_t io_cap_{ESP_IO_CAP_NONE};  // 4 bytes (enum)
   uint32_t advertising_cycle_time_{};         // 4 bytes
 
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+  // Event notification socket for waking up main loop from BLE thread
+  // Uses connected UDP loopback socket to wake lwip_select() with ~12μs latency vs 0-16ms timeout
+  // Socket is connected during setup, allowing use of send() instead of sendto() for efficiency
+  int notify_fd_{-1};  // 4 bytes (file descriptor)
+#endif
+
   // 2-byte aligned members
   uint16_t appearance_{0};  // 2 bytes
 
@@ -207,6 +225,29 @@ class ESP32BLE : public Component {
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 extern ESP32BLE *global_ble;
 
+#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+// Inline implementations for hot-path functions
+// These are called from BLE thread (notify) and main loop (drain) on every event
+
+// Small buffer for draining notification bytes (1 byte sent per BLE event)
+// Size allows draining multiple notifications per recvfrom() without wasting stack
+static constexpr size_t BLE_EVENT_NOTIFY_DRAIN_BUFFER_SIZE = 16;
+
+inline void ESP32BLE::notify_main_loop_() {
+  // Called from BLE thread context when events are queued
+  // Wakes up lwip_select() in main loop by writing to connected loopback socket
+  if (this->notify_fd_ >= 0) {
+    const char dummy = 1;
+    // Non-blocking send - if it fails (unlikely), select() will wake on timeout anyway
+    // No error checking needed: we control both ends of this loopback socket, and the
+    // BLE event is already queued. Notification is best-effort to reduce latency.
+    // This is safe to call from BLE thread - send() is thread-safe in lwip
+    // Socket is already connected to loopback address, so send() is faster than sendto()
+    lwip_send(this->notify_fd_, &dummy, 1, 0);
+  }
+}
+#endif  // USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
+
 template<typename... Ts> class BLEEnabledCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   bool check(Ts... x) override { return global_ble->is_active(); }

esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp

@@ -281,19 +281,15 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
 #endif
 
   // Acknowledge auth OK - 1 byte
-  buf[0] = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_AUTH_OK;
-  this->writeall_(buf, 1);
+  this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_AUTH_OK);
 
   // Read size, 4 bytes MSB first
   if (!this->readall_(buf, 4)) {
     this->log_read_error_(LOG_STR("size"));
     goto error;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-goto)
   }
-  ota_size = 0;
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-    ota_size <<= 8;
-    ota_size |= buf[i];
-  }
+  ota_size = (static_cast<size_t>(buf[0]) << 24) | (static_cast<size_t>(buf[1]) << 16) |
+             (static_cast<size_t>(buf[2]) << 8) | buf[3];
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Size is %u bytes", ota_size);
 
   // Now that we've passed authentication and are actually
@@ -313,8 +309,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   update_started = true;
 
   // Acknowledge prepare OK - 1 byte
-  buf[0] = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_UPDATE_PREPARE_OK;
-  this->writeall_(buf, 1);
+  this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_UPDATE_PREPARE_OK);
 
   // Read binary MD5, 32 bytes
   if (!this->readall_(buf, 32)) {
@@ -326,8 +321,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   this->backend_->set_update_md5(sbuf);
 
   // Acknowledge MD5 OK - 1 byte
-  buf[0] = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_BIN_MD5_OK;
-  this->writeall_(buf, 1);
+  this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_BIN_MD5_OK);
 
   while (total < ota_size) {
     // TODO: timeout check
@@ -354,8 +348,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
     total += read;
 #if USE_OTA_VERSION == 2
     while (size_acknowledged + OTA_BLOCK_SIZE <= total || (total == ota_size && size_acknowledged < ota_size)) {
-      buf[0] = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_CHUNK_OK;
-      this->writeall_(buf, 1);
+      this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_CHUNK_OK);
       size_acknowledged += OTA_BLOCK_SIZE;
     }
 #endif
@@ -374,8 +367,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   }
 
   // Acknowledge receive OK - 1 byte
-  buf[0] = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK;
-  this->writeall_(buf, 1);
+  this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_RECEIVE_OK);
 
   error_code = this->backend_->end();
   if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
@@ -384,8 +376,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   }
 
   // Acknowledge Update end OK - 1 byte
-  buf[0] = ota::OTA_RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK;
-  this->writeall_(buf, 1);
+  this->write_byte_(ota::OTA_RESPONSE_UPDATE_END_OK);
 
   // Read ACK
   if (!this->readall_(buf, 1) || buf[0] != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
@@ -404,8 +395,7 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
   App.safe_reboot();
 
 error:
-  buf[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(error_code);
-  this->writeall_(buf, 1);
+  this->write_byte_(static_cast<uint8_t>(error_code));
   this->cleanup_connection_();
 
   if (this->backend_ != nullptr && update_started) {

esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.h

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ class ESPHomeOTAComponent : public ota::OTAComponent {
 #endif  // USE_OTA_PASSWORD
   bool readall_(uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
   bool writeall_(const uint8_t *buf, size_t len);
+  inline bool write_byte_(uint8_t byte) { return this->writeall_(&byte, 1); }
 
   bool try_read_(size_t to_read, const LogString *desc);
   bool try_write_(size_t to_write, const LogString *desc);

esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,14 @@ void FanCall::validate_() {
 
   if (!this->preset_mode_.empty()) {
     const auto &preset_modes = traits.supported_preset_modes();
-    if (preset_modes.find(this->preset_mode_) == preset_modes.end()) {
+    bool found = false;
+    for (const auto &mode : preset_modes) {
+      if (strcmp(mode, this->preset_mode_.c_str()) == 0) {
+        found = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!found) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: Preset mode '%s' not supported", this->parent_.get_name().c_str(), this->preset_mode_.c_str());
       this->preset_mode_.clear();
     }
@@ -92,11 +99,12 @@ FanCall FanRestoreState::to_call(Fan &fan) {
   call.set_speed(this->speed);
   call.set_direction(this->direction);
 
-  if (fan.get_traits().supports_preset_modes()) {
+  auto traits = fan.get_traits();
+  if (traits.supports_preset_modes()) {
     // Use stored preset index to get preset name
-    const auto &preset_modes = fan.get_traits().supported_preset_modes();
+    const auto &preset_modes = traits.supported_preset_modes();
     if (this->preset_mode < preset_modes.size()) {
-      call.set_preset_mode(*std::next(preset_modes.begin(), this->preset_mode));
+      call.set_preset_mode(preset_modes[this->preset_mode]);
     }
   }
   return call;
@@ -107,11 +115,12 @@ void FanRestoreState::apply(Fan &fan) {
   fan.speed = this->speed;
   fan.direction = this->direction;
 
-  if (fan.get_traits().supports_preset_modes()) {
+  auto traits = fan.get_traits();
+  if (traits.supports_preset_modes()) {
     // Use stored preset index to get preset name
-    const auto &preset_modes = fan.get_traits().supported_preset_modes();
+    const auto &preset_modes = traits.supported_preset_modes();
     if (this->preset_mode < preset_modes.size()) {
-      fan.preset_mode = *std::next(preset_modes.begin(), this->preset_mode);
+      fan.preset_mode = preset_modes[this->preset_mode];
     }
   }
   fan.publish_state();
@@ -182,18 +191,25 @@ void Fan::save_state_() {
     return;
   }
 
+  auto traits = this->get_traits();
+
   FanRestoreState state{};
   state.state = this->state;
   state.oscillating = this->oscillating;
   state.speed = this->speed;
   state.direction = this->direction;
 
-  if (this->get_traits().supports_preset_modes() && !this->preset_mode.empty()) {
-    const auto &preset_modes = this->get_traits().supported_preset_modes();
+  if (traits.supports_preset_modes() && !this->preset_mode.empty()) {
+    const auto &preset_modes = traits.supported_preset_modes();
     // Store index of current preset mode
-    auto preset_iterator = preset_modes.find(this->preset_mode);
-    if (preset_iterator != preset_modes.end())
-      state.preset_mode = std::distance(preset_modes.begin(), preset_iterator);
+    size_t i = 0;
+    for (const auto &mode : preset_modes) {
+      if (strcmp(mode, this->preset_mode.c_str()) == 0) {
+        state.preset_mode = i;
+        break;
+      }
+      i++;
+    }
   }
 
   this->rtc_.save(&state);
@@ -216,8 +232,8 @@ void Fan::dump_traits_(const char *tag, const char *prefix) {
   }
   if (traits.supports_preset_modes()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s  Supported presets:", prefix);
-    for (const std::string &s : traits.supported_preset_modes())
-      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s    - %s", prefix, s.c_str());
+    for (const char *s : traits.supported_preset_modes())
+      ESP_LOGCONFIG(tag, "%s    - %s", prefix, s);
   }
 }
 

esphome/components/fan/fan_traits.h

@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
-#include <set>
-#include <utility>
-
 #pragma once
 
-namespace esphome {
+#include <vector>
+#include <initializer_list>
 
-#ifdef USE_API
-namespace api {
-class APIConnection;
-}  // namespace api
-#endif
+namespace esphome {
 
 namespace fan {
 
@@ -36,27 +30,27 @@ class FanTraits {
   /// Set whether this fan supports changing direction
   void set_direction(bool direction) { this->direction_ = direction; }
   /// Return the preset modes supported by the fan.
-  std::set<std::string> supported_preset_modes() const { return this->preset_modes_; }
-  /// Set the preset modes supported by the fan.
-  void set_supported_preset_modes(const std::set<std::string> &preset_modes) { this->preset_modes_ = preset_modes; }
+  const std::vector<const char *> &supported_preset_modes() const { return this->preset_modes_; }
+  /// Set the preset modes supported by the fan (from initializer list).
+  void set_supported_preset_modes(std::initializer_list<const char *> preset_modes) {
+    this->preset_modes_ = preset_modes;
+  }
+  /// Set the preset modes supported by the fan (from vector).
+  void set_supported_preset_modes(const std::vector<const char *> &preset_modes) { this->preset_modes_ = preset_modes; }
+
+  // Deleted overloads to catch incorrect std::string usage at compile time with clear error messages
+  void set_supported_preset_modes(const std::vector<std::string> &preset_modes) = delete;
+  void set_supported_preset_modes(std::initializer_list<std::string> preset_modes) = delete;
+
   /// Return if preset modes are supported
   bool supports_preset_modes() const { return !this->preset_modes_.empty(); }
 
  protected:
-#ifdef USE_API
-  // The API connection is a friend class to access internal methods
-  friend class api::APIConnection;
-  // This method returns a reference to the internal preset modes set.
-  // It is used by the API to avoid copying data when encoding messages.
-  // Warning: Do not use this method outside of the API connection code.
-  // It returns a reference to internal data that can be invalidated.
-  const std::set<std::string> &supported_preset_modes_for_api_() const { return this->preset_modes_; }
-#endif
   bool oscillation_{false};
   bool speed_{false};
   bool direction_{false};
   int speed_count_{};
-  std::set<std::string> preset_modes_{};
+  std::vector<const char *> preset_modes_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace fan

esphome/components/gpio/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             # due to hardware limitations or lack of reliable interrupt support. This ensures
             # stable operation on these platforms. Future maintainers should verify platform
             # capabilities before changing this default behavior.
+            # nrf52 has no gpio interrupts implemented yet
             cv.SplitDefault(
                 CONF_USE_INTERRUPT,
                 bk72xx=False,
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
                 esp8266=True,
                 host=True,
                 ln882x=False,
-                nrf52=True,
+                nrf52=False,
                 rp2040=True,
                 rtl87xx=False,
             ): cv.boolean,

esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.h

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <set>
-
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/components/output/binary_output.h"
 #include "esphome/components/output/float_output.h"
@@ -22,7 +20,7 @@ class HBridgeFan : public Component, public fan::Fan {
   void set_pin_a(output::FloatOutput *pin_a) { pin_a_ = pin_a; }
   void set_pin_b(output::FloatOutput *pin_b) { pin_b_ = pin_b; }
   void set_enable_pin(output::FloatOutput *enable) { enable_ = enable; }
-  void set_preset_modes(const std::set<std::string> &presets) { preset_modes_ = presets; }
+  void set_preset_modes(std::initializer_list<const char *> presets) { preset_modes_ = presets; }
 
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ class HBridgeFan : public Component, public fan::Fan {
   int speed_count_{};
   DecayMode decay_mode_{DECAY_MODE_SLOW};
   fan::FanTraits traits_;
-  std::set<std::string> preset_modes_{};
+  std::vector<const char *> preset_modes_{};
 
   void control(const fan::FanCall &call) override;
   void write_state_();

esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp

@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ constexpr Uint8ToString OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_UINT[] = {
 };
 
 // Helper functions for lookups
-template<size_t N> uint8_t find_uint8(const StringToUint8 (&arr)[N], const std::string &str) {
+template<size_t N> uint8_t find_uint8(const StringToUint8 (&arr)[N], const char *str) {
   for (const auto &entry : arr) {
-    if (str == entry.str)
+    if (strcmp(str, entry.str) == 0)
       return entry.value;
   }
   return 0xFF;  // Not found
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Baud rate change");
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->baud_rate_select_ != nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Change baud rate to %s and reinstall", this->baud_rate_select_->state.c_str());
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Change baud rate to %s and reinstall", this->baud_rate_select_->current_option());
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -626,14 +626,14 @@ void LD2410Component::set_bluetooth(bool enable) {
   this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_and_read_all_info(); });
 }
 
-void LD2410Component::set_distance_resolution(const std::string &state) {
+void LD2410Component::set_distance_resolution(const char *state) {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
   const uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {find_uint8(DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS_BY_STR, state), 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION, cmd_value, sizeof(cmd_value));
   this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_and_read_all_info(); });
 }
 
-void LD2410Component::set_baud_rate(const std::string &state) {
+void LD2410Component::set_baud_rate(const char *state) {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
   const uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {find_uint8(BAUD_RATES_BY_STR, state), 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE, cmd_value, sizeof(cmd_value));
@@ -759,10 +759,10 @@ void LD2410Component::set_light_out_control() {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
   if (this->light_function_select_ != nullptr && this->light_function_select_->has_state()) {
-    this->light_function_ = find_uint8(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR, this->light_function_select_->state);
+    this->light_function_ = find_uint8(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR, this->light_function_select_->current_option());
   }
   if (this->out_pin_level_select_ != nullptr && this->out_pin_level_select_->has_state()) {
-    this->out_pin_level_ = find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->state);
+    this->out_pin_level_ = find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option());
   }
 #endif
   this->set_config_mode_(true);

esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.h

@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ class LD2410Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void read_all_info();
   void restart_and_read_all_info();
   void set_bluetooth(bool enable);
-  void set_distance_resolution(const std::string &state);
-  void set_baud_rate(const std::string &state);
+  void set_distance_resolution(const char *state);
+  void set_baud_rate(const char *state);
   void factory_reset();
 
  protected:

esphome/components/ld2410/select/baud_rate_select.cpp

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2410 {
 
-void BaudRateSelect::control(const std::string &value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_baud_rate(state);
+void BaudRateSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
+  this->parent_->set_baud_rate(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
 }  // namespace ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/select/baud_rate_select.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class BaudRateSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2410Component> {
   BaudRateSelect() = default;
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/select/distance_resolution_select.cpp

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2410 {
 
-void DistanceResolutionSelect::control(const std::string &value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_distance_resolution(state);
+void DistanceResolutionSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
+  this->parent_->set_distance_resolution(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
 }  // namespace ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/select/distance_resolution_select.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class DistanceResolutionSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2410Co
   DistanceResolutionSelect() = default;
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ld2410

esphome/components/ld2410/select/light_out_control_select.cpp

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2410 {
 
-void LightOutControlSelect::control(const std::string &value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
+void LightOutControlSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
   this->parent_->set_light_out_control();
 }
 

esphome/components/ld2410/select/light_out_control_select.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class LightOutControlSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2410Compo
   LightOutControlSelect() = default;
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ld2410

esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp

@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ constexpr Uint8ToString OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_UINT[] = {
 };
 
 // Helper functions for lookups
-template<size_t N> uint8_t find_uint8(const StringToUint8 (&arr)[N], const std::string &str) {
+template<size_t N> uint8_t find_uint8(const StringToUint8 (&arr)[N], const char *str) {
   for (const auto &entry : arr) {
-    if (str == entry.str) {
+    if (strcmp(str, entry.str) == 0) {
       return entry.value;
     }
   }
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ bool LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Baud rate change");
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->baud_rate_select_ != nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Change baud rate to %s and reinstall", this->baud_rate_select_->state.c_str());
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Change baud rate to %s and reinstall", this->baud_rate_select_->current_option());
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -699,14 +699,14 @@ void LD2412Component::set_bluetooth(bool enable) {
   this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_and_read_all_info(); });
 }
 
-void LD2412Component::set_distance_resolution(const std::string &state) {
+void LD2412Component::set_distance_resolution(const char *state) {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
   const uint8_t cmd_value[6] = {find_uint8(DISTANCE_RESOLUTIONS_BY_STR, state), 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION, cmd_value, sizeof(cmd_value));
   this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_and_read_all_info(); });
 }
 
-void LD2412Component::set_baud_rate(const std::string &state) {
+void LD2412Component::set_baud_rate(const char *state) {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
   const uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {find_uint8(BAUD_RATES_BY_STR, state), 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE, cmd_value, sizeof(cmd_value));
@@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ void LD2412Component::set_basic_config() {
       1,    TOTAL_GATES, DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT, 0,
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-      find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->state),
+      find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option()),
 #else
       0x01,  // Default value if not using select
 #endif
@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ void LD2412Component::set_light_out_control() {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
   if (this->light_function_select_ != nullptr && this->light_function_select_->has_state()) {
-    this->light_function_ = find_uint8(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR, this->light_function_select_->state);
+    this->light_function_ = find_uint8(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR, this->light_function_select_->current_option());
   }
 #endif
   uint8_t value[2] = {this->light_function_, this->light_threshold_};

esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.h

@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ class LD2412Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void read_all_info();
   void restart_and_read_all_info();
   void set_bluetooth(bool enable);
-  void set_distance_resolution(const std::string &state);
-  void set_baud_rate(const std::string &state);
+  void set_distance_resolution(const char *state);
+  void set_baud_rate(const char *state);
   void factory_reset();
   void start_dynamic_background_correction();
 

esphome/components/ld2412/select/baud_rate_select.cpp

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2412 {
 
-void BaudRateSelect::control(const std::string &value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_baud_rate(state);
+void BaudRateSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
+  this->parent_->set_baud_rate(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
 }  // namespace ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/select/baud_rate_select.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class BaudRateSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2412Component> {
   BaudRateSelect() = default;
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/select/distance_resolution_select.cpp

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2412 {
 
-void DistanceResolutionSelect::control(const std::string &value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_distance_resolution(state);
+void DistanceResolutionSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
+  this->parent_->set_distance_resolution(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
 }  // namespace ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/select/distance_resolution_select.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class DistanceResolutionSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2412Co
   DistanceResolutionSelect() = default;
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ld2412

esphome/components/ld2412/select/light_out_control_select.cpp

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2412 {
 
-void LightOutControlSelect::control(const std::string &value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
+void LightOutControlSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
   this->parent_->set_light_out_control();
 }
 

esphome/components/ld2412/select/light_out_control_select.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class LightOutControlSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2412Compo
   LightOutControlSelect() = default;
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ld2412

esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.cpp

@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_STATUS = 7;
 static const uint8_t CMD_ERROR_WORD = 8;
 static const uint8_t ENERGY_SENSOR_START = 9;
 static const uint8_t CALIBRATE_REPORT_INTERVAL = 4;
-static const std::string OP_NORMAL_MODE_STRING = "Normal";
-static const std::string OP_SIMPLE_MODE_STRING = "Simple";
+static const char *const OP_NORMAL_MODE_STRING = "Normal";
+static const char *const OP_SIMPLE_MODE_STRING = "Simple";
 
 // Memory-efficient lookup tables
 struct StringToUint8 {
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ void LD2420Component::report_gate_data() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Total samples: %d", this->total_sample_number_counter);
 }
 
-void LD2420Component::set_operating_mode(const std::string &state) {
+void LD2420Component::set_operating_mode(const char *state) {
   // If unsupported firmware ignore mode select
   if (ld2420::get_firmware_int(firmware_ver_) >= CALIBRATE_VERSION_MIN) {
     this->current_operating_mode = find_uint8(OP_MODE_BY_STR, state);

esphome/components/ld2420/ld2420.h

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class LD2420Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   int send_cmd_from_array(CmdFrameT cmd_frame);
   void report_gate_data();
   void handle_cmd_error(uint8_t error);
-  void set_operating_mode(const std::string &state);
+  void set_operating_mode(const char *state);
   void auto_calibrate_sensitivity();
   void update_radar_data(uint16_t const *gate_energy, uint8_t sample_number);
   uint8_t set_config_mode(bool enable);

esphome/components/ld2420/select/operating_mode_select.cpp

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ namespace ld2420 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ld2420.select";
 
-void LD2420Select::control(const std::string &value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_operating_mode(value);
+void LD2420Select::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
+  this->parent_->set_operating_mode(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
 }  // namespace ld2420

esphome/components/ld2420/select/operating_mode_select.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class LD2420Select : public Component, public select::Select, public Parented<LD
   LD2420Select() = default;
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ld2420

esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp

@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ void LD2450Component::read_all_info() {
   this->set_config_mode_(false);
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
   const auto baud_rate = std::to_string(this->parent_->get_baud_rate());
-  if (this->baud_rate_select_ != nullptr && this->baud_rate_select_->state != baud_rate) {
+  if (this->baud_rate_select_ != nullptr && strcmp(this->baud_rate_select_->current_option(), baud_rate.c_str()) != 0) {
     this->baud_rate_select_->publish_state(baud_rate);
   }
   this->publish_zone_type();
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Baud rate change");
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->baud_rate_select_ != nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Change baud rate to %s and reinstall", this->baud_rate_select_->state.c_str());
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Change baud rate to %s and reinstall", this->baud_rate_select_->current_option());
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       this->publish_zone_type();
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->zone_type_select_ != nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Change zone type to: %s", this->zone_type_select_->state.c_str());
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Change zone type to: %s", this->zone_type_select_->current_option());
       }
 #endif
       if (this->buffer_data_[10] == 0x00) {
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ void LD2450Component::set_bluetooth(bool enable) {
 }
 
 // Set Baud rate
-void LD2450Component::set_baud_rate(const std::string &state) {
+void LD2450Component::set_baud_rate(const char *state) {
   this->set_config_mode_(true);
   const uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {find_uint8(BAUD_RATES_BY_STR, state), 0x00};
   this->send_command_(CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE, cmd_value, sizeof(cmd_value));
@@ -798,8 +798,8 @@ void LD2450Component::set_baud_rate(const std::string &state) {
 }
 
 // Set Zone Type - one of: Disabled, Detection, Filter
-void LD2450Component::set_zone_type(const std::string &state) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Set zone type: %s", state.c_str());
+void LD2450Component::set_zone_type(const char *state) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Set zone type: %s", state);
   uint8_t zone_type = find_uint8(ZONE_TYPE_BY_STR, state);
   this->zone_type_ = zone_type;
   this->send_set_zone_command_();

esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h

@@ -115,8 +115,8 @@ class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void restart_and_read_all_info();
   void set_bluetooth(bool enable);
   void set_multi_target(bool enable);
-  void set_baud_rate(const std::string &state);
-  void set_zone_type(const std::string &state);
+  void set_baud_rate(const char *state);
+  void set_zone_type(const char *state);
   void publish_zone_type();
   void factory_reset();
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR

esphome/components/ld2450/select/baud_rate_select.cpp

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2450 {
 
-void BaudRateSelect::control(const std::string &value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_baud_rate(state);
+void BaudRateSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
+  this->parent_->set_baud_rate(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
 }  // namespace ld2450

esphome/components/ld2450/select/baud_rate_select.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class BaudRateSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2450Component> {
   BaudRateSelect() = default;
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ld2450

esphome/components/ld2450/select/zone_type_select.cpp

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace ld2450 {
 
-void ZoneTypeSelect::control(const std::string &value) {
-  this->publish_state(value);
-  this->parent_->set_zone_type(state);
+void ZoneTypeSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->publish_state(index);
+  this->parent_->set_zone_type(this->option_at(index));
 }
 
 }  // namespace ld2450

esphome/components/ld2450/select/zone_type_select.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class ZoneTypeSelect : public select::Select, public Parented<LD2450Component> {
   ZoneTypeSelect() = default;
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ld2450

esphome/components/logger/select/logger_level_select.cpp

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 namespace esphome::logger {
 
 void LoggerLevelSelect::publish_state(int level) {
-  const auto &option = this->at(level_to_index(level));
-  if (!option)
+  auto index = level_to_index(level);
+  if (!this->has_index(index))
     return;
-  Select::publish_state(option.value());
+  Select::publish_state(index);
 }
 
 void LoggerLevelSelect::setup() {
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@ void LoggerLevelSelect::setup() {
   this->publish_state(this->parent_->get_log_level());
 }
 
-void LoggerLevelSelect::control(const std::string &value) {
-  const auto index = this->index_of(value);
-  if (!index)
-    return;
-  this->parent_->set_log_level(index_to_level(index.value()));
-}
+void LoggerLevelSelect::control(size_t index) { this->parent_->set_log_level(index_to_level(index)); }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::logger

esphome/components/logger/select/logger_level_select.h

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class LoggerLevelSelect : public Component, public select::Select, public Parent
  public:
   void publish_state(int level);
   void setup() override;
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
 
  protected:
   // Convert log level to option index (skip CONFIG at level 4)

esphome/components/lvgl/automation.py

@@ -137,7 +137,11 @@ async def lvgl_is_idle(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
     lvgl = config[CONF_LVGL_ID]
     timeout = await lv_milliseconds.process(config[CONF_TIMEOUT])
     async with LambdaContext(LVGL_COMP_ARG, return_type=cg.bool_) as context:
-        lv_add(ReturnStatement(lvgl_comp.is_idle(timeout)))
+        lv_add(
+            ReturnStatement(
+                lv_expr.disp_get_inactive_time(lvgl_comp.get_disp()) > timeout
+            )
+        )
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(
         condition_id,
         TemplateArguments(LvglComponent, *template_arg),

esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h

@@ -175,7 +175,6 @@ class LvglComponent : public PollingComponent {
   static void monitor_cb(lv_disp_drv_t *disp_drv, uint32_t time, uint32_t px);
   static void render_start_cb(lv_disp_drv_t *disp_drv);
   void dump_config() override;
-  bool is_idle(uint32_t idle_ms) { return lv_disp_get_inactive_time(this->disp_) > idle_ms; }
   lv_disp_t *get_disp() { return this->disp_; }
   lv_obj_t *get_scr_act() { return lv_disp_get_scr_act(this->disp_); }
   // Pause or resume the display.

esphome/components/midea/ac_adapter.cpp

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ namespace midea {
 namespace ac {
 
 const char *const Constants::TAG = "midea";
-const std::string Constants::FREEZE_PROTECTION = "freeze protection";
-const std::string Constants::SILENT = "silent";
-const std::string Constants::TURBO = "turbo";
+const char *const Constants::FREEZE_PROTECTION = "freeze protection";
+const char *const Constants::SILENT = "silent";
+const char *const Constants::TURBO = "turbo";
 
 ClimateMode Converters::to_climate_mode(MideaMode mode) {
   switch (mode) {
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ bool Converters::is_custom_midea_fan_mode(MideaFanMode mode) {
   }
 }
 
-const std::string &Converters::to_custom_climate_fan_mode(MideaFanMode mode) {
+const char *Converters::to_custom_climate_fan_mode(MideaFanMode mode) {
   switch (mode) {
     case MideaFanMode::FAN_SILENT:
       return Constants::SILENT;
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ const std::string &Converters::to_custom_climate_fan_mode(MideaFanMode mode) {
   }
 }
 
-MideaFanMode Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(const std::string &mode) {
-  if (mode == Constants::SILENT)
+MideaFanMode Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(const char *mode) {
+  if (strcmp(mode, Constants::SILENT) == 0)
     return MideaFanMode::FAN_SILENT;
   return MideaFanMode::FAN_TURBO;
 }
@@ -151,9 +151,9 @@ ClimatePreset Converters::to_climate_preset(MideaPreset preset) {
 
 bool Converters::is_custom_midea_preset(MideaPreset preset) { return preset == MideaPreset::PRESET_FREEZE_PROTECTION; }
 
-const std::string &Converters::to_custom_climate_preset(MideaPreset preset) { return Constants::FREEZE_PROTECTION; }
+const char *Converters::to_custom_climate_preset(MideaPreset preset) { return Constants::FREEZE_PROTECTION; }
 
-MideaPreset Converters::to_midea_preset(const std::string &preset) { return MideaPreset::PRESET_FREEZE_PROTECTION; }
+MideaPreset Converters::to_midea_preset(const char *preset) { return MideaPreset::PRESET_FREEZE_PROTECTION; }
 
 void Converters::to_climate_traits(ClimateTraits &traits, const dudanov::midea::ac::Capabilities &capabilities) {
   if (capabilities.supportAutoMode())
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ void Converters::to_climate_traits(ClimateTraits &traits, const dudanov::midea::
   if (capabilities.supportEcoPreset())
     traits.add_supported_preset(ClimatePreset::CLIMATE_PRESET_ECO);
   if (capabilities.supportFrostProtectionPreset())
-    traits.add_supported_custom_preset(Constants::FREEZE_PROTECTION);
+    traits.set_supported_custom_presets({Constants::FREEZE_PROTECTION});
 }
 
 }  // namespace ac

esphome/components/midea/ac_adapter.h

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ using MideaPreset = dudanov::midea::ac::Preset;
 class Constants {
  public:
   static const char *const TAG;
-  static const std::string FREEZE_PROTECTION;
-  static const std::string SILENT;
-  static const std::string TURBO;
+  static const char *const FREEZE_PROTECTION;
+  static const char *const SILENT;
+  static const char *const TURBO;
 };
 
 class Converters {
@@ -32,15 +32,15 @@ class Converters {
   static MideaSwingMode to_midea_swing_mode(ClimateSwingMode mode);
   static ClimateSwingMode to_climate_swing_mode(MideaSwingMode mode);
   static MideaPreset to_midea_preset(ClimatePreset preset);
-  static MideaPreset to_midea_preset(const std::string &preset);
+  static MideaPreset to_midea_preset(const char *preset);
   static bool is_custom_midea_preset(MideaPreset preset);
   static ClimatePreset to_climate_preset(MideaPreset preset);
-  static const std::string &to_custom_climate_preset(MideaPreset preset);
+  static const char *to_custom_climate_preset(MideaPreset preset);
   static MideaFanMode to_midea_fan_mode(ClimateFanMode fan_mode);
-  static MideaFanMode to_midea_fan_mode(const std::string &fan_mode);
+  static MideaFanMode to_midea_fan_mode(const char *fan_mode);
   static bool is_custom_midea_fan_mode(MideaFanMode fan_mode);
   static ClimateFanMode to_climate_fan_mode(MideaFanMode fan_mode);
-  static const std::string &to_custom_climate_fan_mode(MideaFanMode fan_mode);
+  static const char *to_custom_climate_fan_mode(MideaFanMode fan_mode);
   static void to_climate_traits(ClimateTraits &traits, const dudanov::midea::ac::Capabilities &capabilities);
 };
 

esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp

@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ void AirConditioner::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
     ctrl.mode = Converters::to_midea_mode(call.get_mode().value());
   if (call.get_preset().has_value()) {
     ctrl.preset = Converters::to_midea_preset(call.get_preset().value());
-  } else if (call.get_custom_preset().has_value()) {
-    ctrl.preset = Converters::to_midea_preset(call.get_custom_preset().value());
+  } else if (call.has_custom_preset()) {
+    ctrl.preset = Converters::to_midea_preset(call.get_custom_preset());
   }
   if (call.get_fan_mode().has_value()) {
     ctrl.fanMode = Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(call.get_fan_mode().value());
-  } else if (call.get_custom_fan_mode().has_value()) {
-    ctrl.fanMode = Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(call.get_custom_fan_mode().value());
+  } else if (call.has_custom_fan_mode()) {
+    ctrl.fanMode = Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(call.get_custom_fan_mode());
   }
   this->base_.control(ctrl);
 }
@@ -84,8 +84,10 @@ ClimateTraits AirConditioner::traits() {
   traits.set_supported_modes(this->supported_modes_);
   traits.set_supported_swing_modes(this->supported_swing_modes_);
   traits.set_supported_presets(this->supported_presets_);
-  traits.set_supported_custom_presets(this->supported_custom_presets_);
-  traits.set_supported_custom_fan_modes(this->supported_custom_fan_modes_);
+  if (!this->supported_custom_presets_.empty())
+    traits.set_supported_custom_presets(this->supported_custom_presets_);
+  if (!this->supported_custom_fan_modes_.empty())
+    traits.set_supported_custom_fan_modes(this->supported_custom_fan_modes_);
   /* + MINIMAL SET OF CAPABILITIES */
   traits.add_supported_fan_mode(ClimateFanMode::CLIMATE_FAN_AUTO);
   traits.add_supported_fan_mode(ClimateFanMode::CLIMATE_FAN_LOW);

esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.h

@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ class AirConditioner : public ApplianceBase<dudanov::midea::ac::AirConditioner>,
   void set_supported_modes(ClimateModeMask modes) { this->supported_modes_ = modes; }
   void set_supported_swing_modes(ClimateSwingModeMask modes) { this->supported_swing_modes_ = modes; }
   void set_supported_presets(ClimatePresetMask presets) { this->supported_presets_ = presets; }
-  void set_custom_presets(const std::vector<std::string> &presets) { this->supported_custom_presets_ = presets; }
-  void set_custom_fan_modes(const std::vector<std::string> &modes) { this->supported_custom_fan_modes_ = modes; }
+  void set_custom_presets(std::initializer_list<const char *> presets) { this->supported_custom_presets_ = presets; }
+  void set_custom_fan_modes(std::initializer_list<const char *> modes) { this->supported_custom_fan_modes_ = modes; }
 
  protected:
   void control(const ClimateCall &call) override;
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ class AirConditioner : public ApplianceBase<dudanov::midea::ac::AirConditioner>,
   ClimateModeMask supported_modes_{};
   ClimateSwingModeMask supported_swing_modes_{};
   ClimatePresetMask supported_presets_{};
-  std::vector<std::string> supported_custom_presets_{};
-  std::vector<std::string> supported_custom_fan_modes_{};
+  std::vector<const char *> supported_custom_presets_{};
+  std::vector<const char *> supported_custom_fan_modes_{};
   Sensor *outdoor_sensor_{nullptr};
   Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
   Sensor *power_sensor_{nullptr};

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp

@@ -357,8 +357,8 @@ bool MQTTClimateComponent::publish_state_() {
           payload = "unknown";
       }
     }
-    if (this->device_->custom_preset.has_value())
-      payload = this->device_->custom_preset.value();
+    if (this->device_->has_custom_preset())
+      payload = this->device_->get_custom_preset();
     if (!this->publish(this->get_preset_state_topic(), payload))
       success = false;
   }
@@ -429,8 +429,8 @@ bool MQTTClimateComponent::publish_state_() {
           payload = "unknown";
       }
     }
-    if (this->device_->custom_fan_mode.has_value())
-      payload = this->device_->custom_fan_mode.value();
+    if (this->device_->has_custom_fan_mode())
+      payload = this->device_->get_custom_fan_mode();
     if (!this->publish(this->get_fan_mode_state_topic(), payload))
       success = false;
   }

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_select.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ void MQTTSelectComponent::setup() {
     call.set_option(state);
     call.perform();
   });
-  this->select_->add_on_state_callback([this](const std::string &state, size_t index) { this->publish_state(state); });
+  this->select_->add_on_state_callback(
+      [this](const std::string &state, size_t index) { this->publish_state(this->select_->option_at(index)); });
 }
 
 void MQTTSelectComponent::dump_config() {
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ void MQTTSelectComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryCon
 }
 bool MQTTSelectComponent::send_initial_state() {
   if (this->select_->has_state()) {
-    return this->publish_state(this->select_->state);
+    return this->publish_state(this->select_->current_option());
   } else {
     return true;
   }

esphome/components/network/__init__.py

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             esp32=False,
             rp2040=False,
             bk72xx=False,
+            host=False,
         ): cv.All(
             cv.boolean,
             cv.Any(
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                     esp8266_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
                     rp2040_arduino=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
                     bk72xx_arduino=cv.Version(1, 7, 0),
+                    host=cv.Version(0, 0, 0),
                 ),
                 cv.boolean_false,
             ),

esphome/components/nextion/nextion.cpp

@@ -323,6 +323,8 @@ void Nextion::loop() {
       this->set_touch_sleep_timeout(this->touch_sleep_timeout_);
     }
 
+    this->set_auto_wake_on_touch(this->connection_state_.auto_wake_on_touch_);
+
     this->connection_state_.ignore_is_setup_ = false;
   }
 

esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py

@@ -290,6 +290,7 @@ def show_logs(config: ConfigType, args, devices: list[str]) -> bool:
             address = ble_device.address
         else:
             return True
+
     if is_mac_address(address):
         asyncio.run(logger_connect(address))
         return True

esphome/components/remote_base/abbwelcome_protocol.h

@@ -33,19 +33,13 @@ Message Format:
 class ABBWelcomeData {
  public:
   // Make default
-  ABBWelcomeData() {
-    std::fill(std::begin(this->data_), std::end(this->data_), 0);
-    this->data_[0] = 0x55;
-    this->data_[1] = 0xff;
-  }
+  ABBWelcomeData() : data_{0x55, 0xff} {}
   // Make from initializer_list
-  ABBWelcomeData(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> data) {
-    std::fill(std::begin(this->data_), std::end(this->data_), 0);
+  ABBWelcomeData(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> data) : data_{} {
     std::copy_n(data.begin(), std::min(data.size(), this->data_.size()), this->data_.begin());
   }
   // Make from vector
-  ABBWelcomeData(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-    std::fill(std::begin(this->data_), std::end(this->data_), 0);
+  ABBWelcomeData(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) : data_{} {
     std::copy_n(data.begin(), std::min(data.size(), this->data_.size()), this->data_.begin());
   }
   // Default copy constructor

esphome/components/script/script.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <tuple>
+#include <forward_list>
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
@@ -264,10 +265,22 @@ template<class C, typename... Ts> class IsRunningCondition : public Condition<Ts
   C *parent_;
 };
 
+/** Wait for a script to finish before continuing.
+ *
+ * Uses queue-based storage to safely handle concurrent executions.
+ * While concurrent execution from the same trigger is uncommon, it's possible
+ * (e.g., rapid button presses, high-frequency sensor updates), so we use
+ * queue-based storage for correctness.
+ */
 template<class C, typename... Ts> class ScriptWaitAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Component {
  public:
   ScriptWaitAction(C *script) : script_(script) {}
 
+  void setup() override {
+    // Start with loop disabled - only enable when there's work to do
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+
   void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
     // Check if we can continue immediately.
@@ -275,7 +288,11 @@ template<class C, typename... Ts> class ScriptWaitAction : public Action<Ts...>,
       this->play_next_(x...);
       return;
     }
-    this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
+
+    // Store parameters for later execution
+    this->param_queue_.emplace_front(x...);
+    // Enable loop now that we have work to do
+    this->enable_loop();
     this->loop();
   }
 
@@ -286,15 +303,30 @@ template<class C, typename... Ts> class ScriptWaitAction : public Action<Ts...>,
     if (this->script_->is_running())
       return;
 
-    this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+    while (!this->param_queue_.empty()) {
+      auto &params = this->param_queue_.front();
+      this->play_next_tuple_(params, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
+      this->param_queue_.pop_front();
+    }
+    // Queue is now empty - disable loop until next play_complex
+    this->disable_loop();
   }
 
   void play(Ts... x) override { /* ignore - see play_complex */
   }
 
+  void stop() override {
+    this->param_queue_.clear();
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+
  protected:
+  template<int... S> void play_next_tuple_(const std::tuple<Ts...> &tuple, seq<S...> /*unused*/) {
+    this->play_next_(std::get<S>(tuple)...);
+  }
+
   C *script_;
-  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
+  std::forward_list<std::tuple<Ts...>> param_queue_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace script

esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/seeed_mr24hpc1.cpp

@@ -435,12 +435,12 @@ void MR24HPC1Component::r24_frame_parse_open_underlying_information_(uint8_t *da
   } else if ((this->existence_boundary_select_ != nullptr) &&
              ((data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x0a) || (data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x8a))) {
     if (this->existence_boundary_select_->has_index(data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX] - 1)) {
-      this->existence_boundary_select_->publish_state(S_BOUNDARY_STR[data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX] - 1]);
+      this->existence_boundary_select_->publish_state(data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX] - 1);
     }
   } else if ((this->motion_boundary_select_ != nullptr) &&
              ((data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x0b) || (data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x8b))) {
     if (this->motion_boundary_select_->has_index(data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX] - 1)) {
-      this->motion_boundary_select_->publish_state(S_BOUNDARY_STR[data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX] - 1]);
+      this->motion_boundary_select_->publish_state(data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX] - 1);
     }
   } else if ((this->motion_trigger_number_ != nullptr) &&
              ((data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x0c) || (data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x8c))) {
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ void MR24HPC1Component::r24_frame_parse_work_status_(uint8_t *data) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reply: get radar init status 0x%02X", data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]);
   } else if (data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x07) {
     if ((this->scene_mode_select_ != nullptr) && (this->scene_mode_select_->has_index(data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]))) {
-      this->scene_mode_select_->publish_state(S_SCENE_STR[data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]]);
+      this->scene_mode_select_->publish_state(data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]);
     } else {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Select has index offset %d Error", data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]);
     }
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ void MR24HPC1Component::r24_frame_parse_work_status_(uint8_t *data) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Reply: get radar init status 0x%02X", data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]);
   } else if (data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x87) {
     if ((this->scene_mode_select_ != nullptr) && (this->scene_mode_select_->has_index(data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]))) {
-      this->scene_mode_select_->publish_state(S_SCENE_STR[data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]]);
+      this->scene_mode_select_->publish_state(data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]);
     } else {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Select has index offset %d Error", data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]);
     }
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ void MR24HPC1Component::r24_frame_parse_human_information_(uint8_t *data) {
              ((data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x0A) || (data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x8A))) {
     // none:0x00  1s:0x01 30s:0x02 1min:0x03 2min:0x04 5min:0x05 10min:0x06 30min:0x07 1hour:0x08
     if (data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX] < 9) {
-      this->unman_time_select_->publish_state(S_UNMANNED_TIME_STR[data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]]);
+      this->unman_time_select_->publish_state(data[FRAME_DATA_INDEX]);
     }
   } else if ((this->keep_away_text_sensor_ != nullptr) &&
              ((data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x0B) || (data[FRAME_COMMAND_WORD_INDEX] == 0x8B))) {

esphome/components/seeed_mr60fda2/seeed_mr60fda2.cpp

@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::process_frame_() {
 
         install_height_float = bit_cast<float>(current_install_height_int);
         uint32_t select_index = find_nearest_index(install_height_float, INSTALL_HEIGHT, 7);
-        this->install_height_select_->publish_state(this->install_height_select_->at(select_index).value());
+        this->install_height_select_->publish_state(select_index);
       }
 
       if (this->height_threshold_select_ != nullptr) {
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::process_frame_() {
 
         height_threshold_float = bit_cast<float>(current_height_threshold_int);
         size_t select_index = find_nearest_index(height_threshold_float, HEIGHT_THRESHOLD, 7);
-        this->height_threshold_select_->publish_state(this->height_threshold_select_->at(select_index).value());
+        this->height_threshold_select_->publish_state(select_index);
       }
 
       if (this->sensitivity_select_ != nullptr) {
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ void MR60FDA2Component::process_frame_() {
             encode_uint32(current_data_buf_[11], current_data_buf_[10], current_data_buf_[9], current_data_buf_[8]);
 
         uint32_t select_index = find_nearest_index(current_sensitivity, SENSITIVITY, 3);
-        this->sensitivity_select_->publish_state(this->sensitivity_select_->at(select_index).value());
+        this->sensitivity_select_->publish_state(select_index);
       }
 
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Mounting height: %.2f, Height threshold: %.2f, Sensitivity: %" PRIu32, install_height_float,

esphome/components/select/select.cpp

@@ -7,24 +7,43 @@ namespace select {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "select";
 
-void Select::publish_state(const std::string &state) {
+void Select::publish_state(const std::string &state) { this->publish_state(state.c_str()); }
+
+void Select::publish_state(const char *state) {
   auto index = this->index_of(state);
-  const auto *name = this->get_name().c_str();
   if (index.has_value()) {
-    this->set_has_state(true);
-    this->state = state;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Sending state %s (index %zu)", name, state.c_str(), index.value());
-    this->state_callback_.call(state, index.value());
+    this->publish_state(index.value());
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "'%s': invalid state for publish_state(): %s", name, state.c_str());
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "'%s': Invalid option %s", this->get_name().c_str(), state);
   }
 }
 
+void Select::publish_state(size_t index) {
+  if (!this->has_index(index)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "'%s': Invalid index %zu", this->get_name().c_str(), index);
+    return;
+  }
+  const char *option = this->option_at(index);
+  this->set_has_state(true);
+  this->active_index_ = index;
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+  this->state = option;  // Update deprecated member for backward compatibility
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Sending state %s (index %zu)", this->get_name().c_str(), option, index);
+  // Callback signature requires std::string, create temporary for compatibility
+  this->state_callback_.call(std::string(option), index);
+}
+
+const char *Select::current_option() const { return this->has_state() ? this->option_at(this->active_index_) : ""; }
+
 void Select::add_on_state_callback(std::function<void(std::string, size_t)> &&callback) {
   this->state_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
 }
 
-bool Select::has_option(const std::string &option) const { return this->index_of(option).has_value(); }
+bool Select::has_option(const std::string &option) const { return this->index_of(option.c_str()).has_value(); }
+
+bool Select::has_option(const char *option) const { return this->index_of(option).has_value(); }
 
 bool Select::has_index(size_t index) const { return index < this->size(); }
 
@@ -33,10 +52,12 @@ size_t Select::size() const {
   return options.size();
 }
 
-optional<size_t> Select::index_of(const std::string &option) const {
+optional<size_t> Select::index_of(const std::string &option) const { return this->index_of(option.c_str()); }
+
+optional<size_t> Select::index_of(const char *option) const {
   const auto &options = traits.get_options();
   for (size_t i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) {
-    if (strcmp(options[i], option.c_str()) == 0) {
+    if (strcmp(options[i], option) == 0) {
       return i;
     }
   }
@@ -45,19 +66,17 @@ optional<size_t> Select::index_of(const std::string &option) const {
 
 optional<size_t> Select::active_index() const {
   if (this->has_state()) {
-    return this->index_of(this->state);
-  } else {
-    return {};
+    return this->active_index_;
   }
+  return {};
 }
 
 optional<std::string> Select::at(size_t index) const {
   if (this->has_index(index)) {
     const auto &options = traits.get_options();
     return std::string(options.at(index));
-  } else {
-    return {};
   }
+  return {};
 }
 
 const char *Select::option_at(size_t index) const { return traits.get_options().at(index); }

esphome/components/select/select.h

@@ -30,16 +30,31 @@ namespace select {
  */
 class Select : public EntityBase {
  public:
-  std::string state;
   SelectTraits traits;
 
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+  /// @deprecated Use current_option() instead. This member will be removed in ESPHome 2026.5.0.
+  __attribute__((deprecated("Use current_option() instead of .state. Will be removed in 2026.5.0")))
+  std::string state{};
+
+  Select() = default;
+  ~Select() = default;
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
   void publish_state(const std::string &state);
+  void publish_state(const char *state);
+  void publish_state(size_t index);
+
+  /// Return the currently selected option (as const char* from flash).
+  const char *current_option() const;
 
   /// Instantiate a SelectCall object to modify this select component's state.
   SelectCall make_call() { return SelectCall(this); }
 
   /// Return whether this select component contains the provided option.
   bool has_option(const std::string &option) const;
+  bool has_option(const char *option) const;
 
   /// Return whether this select component contains the provided index offset.
   bool has_index(size_t index) const;
@@ -49,6 +64,7 @@ class Select : public EntityBase {
 
   /// Find the (optional) index offset of the provided option value.
   optional<size_t> index_of(const std::string &option) const;
+  optional<size_t> index_of(const char *option) const;
 
   /// Return the (optional) index offset of the currently active option.
   optional<size_t> active_index() const;
@@ -64,13 +80,36 @@ class Select : public EntityBase {
  protected:
   friend class SelectCall;
 
-  /** Set the value of the select, this is a virtual method that each select integration must implement.
+  size_t active_index_{0};
+
+  /** Set the value of the select by index, this is an optional virtual method.
    *
-   * This method is called by the SelectCall.
+   * IMPORTANT: At least ONE of the two control() methods must be overridden by derived classes.
+   * Overriding this index-based version is PREFERRED as it avoids string conversions.
    *
-   * @param value The value as validated by the SelectCall.
+   * This method is called by the SelectCall when the index is already known.
+   * Default implementation converts to string and calls control(const std::string&).
+   *
+   * @param index The index as validated by the SelectCall.
    */
-  virtual void control(const std::string &value) = 0;
+  virtual void control(size_t index) { this->control(this->option_at(index)); }
+
+  /** Set the value of the select, this is a virtual method that each select integration can implement.
+   *
+   * IMPORTANT: At least ONE of the two control() methods must be overridden by derived classes.
+   * Overriding control(size_t) is PREFERRED as it avoids string conversions.
+   *
+   * This method is called by control(size_t) when not overridden, or directly by external code.
+   * Default implementation converts to index and calls control(size_t).
+   *
+   * @param value The value as validated by the caller.
+   */
+  virtual void control(const std::string &value) {
+    auto index = this->index_of(value);
+    if (index.has_value()) {
+      this->control(index.value());
+    }
+  }
 
   CallbackManager<void(std::string, size_t)> state_callback_;
 };

esphome/components/select/select_call.cpp

@@ -7,19 +7,21 @@ namespace select {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "select";
 
-SelectCall &SelectCall::set_option(const std::string &option) {
-  return with_operation(SELECT_OP_SET).with_option(option);
+SelectCall &SelectCall::set_option(const std::string &option) { return this->with_option(option); }
+
+SelectCall &SelectCall::set_option(const char *option) { return this->with_option(option); }
+
+SelectCall &SelectCall::set_index(size_t index) { return this->with_index(index); }
+
+SelectCall &SelectCall::select_next(bool cycle) { return this->with_operation(SELECT_OP_NEXT).with_cycle(cycle); }
+
+SelectCall &SelectCall::select_previous(bool cycle) {
+  return this->with_operation(SELECT_OP_PREVIOUS).with_cycle(cycle);
 }
 
-SelectCall &SelectCall::set_index(size_t index) { return with_operation(SELECT_OP_SET_INDEX).with_index(index); }
+SelectCall &SelectCall::select_first() { return this->with_operation(SELECT_OP_FIRST); }
 
-SelectCall &SelectCall::select_next(bool cycle) { return with_operation(SELECT_OP_NEXT).with_cycle(cycle); }
-
-SelectCall &SelectCall::select_previous(bool cycle) { return with_operation(SELECT_OP_PREVIOUS).with_cycle(cycle); }
-
-SelectCall &SelectCall::select_first() { return with_operation(SELECT_OP_FIRST); }
-
-SelectCall &SelectCall::select_last() { return with_operation(SELECT_OP_LAST); }
+SelectCall &SelectCall::select_last() { return this->with_operation(SELECT_OP_LAST); }
 
 SelectCall &SelectCall::with_operation(SelectOperation operation) {
   this->operation_ = operation;
@@ -31,89 +33,96 @@ SelectCall &SelectCall::with_cycle(bool cycle) {
   return *this;
 }
 
-SelectCall &SelectCall::with_option(const std::string &option) {
-  this->option_ = option;
+SelectCall &SelectCall::with_option(const std::string &option) { return this->with_option(option.c_str()); }
+
+SelectCall &SelectCall::with_option(const char *option) {
+  this->operation_ = SELECT_OP_SET;
+  // Find the option index - this validates the option exists
+  this->index_ = this->parent_->index_of(option);
   return *this;
 }
 
 SelectCall &SelectCall::with_index(size_t index) {
-  this->index_ = index;
+  this->operation_ = SELECT_OP_SET;
+  if (index >= this->parent_->size()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Index value %zu out of bounds", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), index);
+    this->index_ = {};  // Store nullopt for invalid index
+  } else {
+    this->index_ = index;
+  }
   return *this;
 }
 
+optional<size_t> SelectCall::calculate_target_index_(const char *name) {
+  const auto &options = this->parent_->traits.get_options();
+  if (options.empty()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Select has no options", name);
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_FIRST) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_LAST) {
+    return options.size() - 1;
+  }
+
+  if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_SET) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Setting", name);
+    if (!this->index_.has_value()) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - No option set", name);
+      return {};
+    }
+    return this->index_.value();
+  }
+
+  // SELECT_OP_NEXT or SELECT_OP_PREVIOUS
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Selecting %s, with%s cycling", name,
+           this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NEXT ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("next") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("previous"),
+           this->cycle_ ? LOG_STR_LITERAL("") : LOG_STR_LITERAL("out"));
+
+  const auto size = options.size();
+  if (!this->parent_->has_state()) {
+    return this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NEXT ? 0 : size - 1;
+  }
+
+  // Use cached active_index_ instead of index_of() lookup
+  const auto active_index = this->parent_->active_index_;
+  if (this->cycle_) {
+    return (size + active_index + (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NEXT ? +1 : -1)) % size;
+  }
+
+  if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_PREVIOUS && active_index > 0) {
+    return active_index - 1;
+  }
+
+  if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NEXT && active_index < size - 1) {
+    return active_index + 1;
+  }
+
+  return {};  // Can't navigate further without cycling
+}
+
 void SelectCall::perform() {
   auto *parent = this->parent_;
   const auto *name = parent->get_name().c_str();
-  const auto &traits = parent->traits;
-  const auto &options = traits.get_options();
 
   if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NONE) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - SelectCall performed without selecting an operation", name);
     return;
   }
-  if (options.empty()) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Cannot perform SelectCall, select has no options", name);
+
+  // Calculate target index (with_index() and with_option() already validate bounds/existence)
+  auto target_index = this->calculate_target_index_(name);
+  if (!target_index.has_value()) {
     return;
   }
 
-  std::string target_value;
-
-  if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_SET) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Setting", name);
-    if (!this->option_.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - No option value set for SelectCall", name);
-      return;
-    }
-    target_value = this->option_.value();
-  } else if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_SET_INDEX) {
-    if (!this->index_.has_value()) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - No index value set for SelectCall", name);
-      return;
-    }
-    if (this->index_.value() >= options.size()) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Index value %zu out of bounds", name, this->index_.value());
-      return;
-    }
-    target_value = options[this->index_.value()];
-  } else if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_FIRST) {
-    target_value = options.front();
-  } else if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_LAST) {
-    target_value = options.back();
-  } else if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NEXT || this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_PREVIOUS) {
-    auto cycle = this->cycle_;
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Selecting %s, with%s cycling", name, this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NEXT ? "next" : "previous",
-             cycle ? "" : "out");
-    if (!parent->has_state()) {
-      target_value = this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NEXT ? options.front() : options.back();
-    } else {
-      auto index = parent->index_of(parent->state);
-      if (index.has_value()) {
-        auto size = options.size();
-        if (cycle) {
-          auto use_index = (size + index.value() + (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NEXT ? +1 : -1)) % size;
-          target_value = options[use_index];
-        } else {
-          if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_PREVIOUS && index.value() > 0) {
-            target_value = options[index.value() - 1];
-          } else if (this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NEXT && index.value() < options.size() - 1) {
-            target_value = options[index.value() + 1];
-          } else {
-            return;
-          }
-        }
-      } else {
-        target_value = this->operation_ == SELECT_OP_NEXT ? options.front() : options.back();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!parent->has_option(target_value)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Option %s is not a valid option", name, target_value.c_str());
-    return;
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Set selected option to: %s", name, target_value.c_str());
-  parent->control(target_value);
+  auto idx = target_index.value();
+  // All operations use indices, call control() by index to avoid string conversion
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' - Set selected option to: %s", name, parent->option_at(idx));
+  parent->control(idx);
 }
 
 }  // namespace select

esphome/components/select/select_call.h

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ class Select;
 enum SelectOperation {
   SELECT_OP_NONE,
   SELECT_OP_SET,
-  SELECT_OP_SET_INDEX,
   SELECT_OP_NEXT,
   SELECT_OP_PREVIOUS,
   SELECT_OP_FIRST,
@@ -23,6 +22,7 @@ class SelectCall {
   void perform();
 
   SelectCall &set_option(const std::string &option);
+  SelectCall &set_option(const char *option);
   SelectCall &set_index(size_t index);
 
   SelectCall &select_next(bool cycle);
@@ -33,11 +33,13 @@ class SelectCall {
   SelectCall &with_operation(SelectOperation operation);
   SelectCall &with_cycle(bool cycle);
   SelectCall &with_option(const std::string &option);
+  SelectCall &with_option(const char *option);
   SelectCall &with_index(size_t index);
 
  protected:
+  __attribute__((always_inline)) inline optional<size_t> calculate_target_index_(const char *name);
+
   Select *const parent_;
-  optional<std::string> option_;
   optional<size_t> index_;
   SelectOperation operation_{SELECT_OP_NONE};
   bool cycle_;

esphome/components/speed/fan/speed_fan.h

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <set>
-
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/output/binary_output.h"
 #include "esphome/components/output/float_output.h"
@@ -18,7 +16,7 @@ class SpeedFan : public Component, public fan::Fan {
   void set_output(output::FloatOutput *output) { this->output_ = output; }
   void set_oscillating(output::BinaryOutput *oscillating) { this->oscillating_ = oscillating; }
   void set_direction(output::BinaryOutput *direction) { this->direction_ = direction; }
-  void set_preset_modes(const std::set<std::string> &presets) { this->preset_modes_ = presets; }
+  void set_preset_modes(std::initializer_list<const char *> presets) { this->preset_modes_ = presets; }
   fan::FanTraits get_traits() override { return this->traits_; }
 
  protected:
@@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ class SpeedFan : public Component, public fan::Fan {
   output::BinaryOutput *direction_{nullptr};
   int speed_count_{};
   fan::FanTraits traits_;
-  std::set<std::string> preset_modes_{};
+  std::vector<const char *> preset_modes_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace speed

esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.cpp

@@ -42,23 +42,21 @@ static const LogString *sensor_type_to_string(AlarmSensorType type) {
 #endif
 
 void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::dump_config() {
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "TemplateAlarmControlPanel:");
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "TemplateAlarmControlPanel:\n"
                 "  Current State: %s\n"
-                "  Number of Codes: %u",
-                LOG_STR_ARG(alarm_control_panel_state_to_string(this->current_state_)), this->codes_.size());
-  if (!this->codes_.empty())
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Requires Code To Arm: %s", YESNO(this->requires_code_to_arm_));
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Arming Away Time: %" PRIu32 "s", (this->arming_away_time_ / 1000));
-  if (this->arming_home_time_ != 0)
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Arming Home Time: %" PRIu32 "s", (this->arming_home_time_ / 1000));
-  if (this->arming_night_time_ != 0)
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Arming Night Time: %" PRIu32 "s", (this->arming_night_time_ / 1000));
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "  Number of Codes: %u\n"
+                "  Requires Code To Arm: %s\n"
+                "  Arming Away Time: %" PRIu32 "s\n"
+                "  Arming Home Time: %" PRIu32 "s\n"
+                "  Arming Night Time: %" PRIu32 "s\n"
                 "  Pending Time: %" PRIu32 "s\n"
                 "  Trigger Time: %" PRIu32 "s\n"
                 "  Supported Features: %" PRIu32,
-                (this->pending_time_ / 1000), (this->trigger_time_ / 1000), this->get_supported_features());
+                LOG_STR_ARG(alarm_control_panel_state_to_string(this->current_state_)), this->codes_.size(),
+                YESNO(!this->codes_.empty() && this->requires_code_to_arm_), (this->arming_away_time_ / 1000),
+                (this->arming_home_time_ / 1000), (this->arming_night_time_ / 1000), (this->pending_time_ / 1000),
+                (this->trigger_time_ / 1000), this->get_supported_features());
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   for (auto const &[sensor, info] : this->sensor_map_) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,

esphome/components/template/fan/template_fan.h

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <set>
-
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/components/fan/fan.h"
 
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ class TemplateFan : public Component, public fan::Fan {
   void set_has_direction(bool has_direction) { this->has_direction_ = has_direction; }
   void set_has_oscillating(bool has_oscillating) { this->has_oscillating_ = has_oscillating; }
   void set_speed_count(int count) { this->speed_count_ = count; }
-  void set_preset_modes(const std::set<std::string> &presets) { this->preset_modes_ = presets; }
+  void set_preset_modes(std::initializer_list<const char *> presets) { this->preset_modes_ = presets; }
   fan::FanTraits get_traits() override { return this->traits_; }
 
  protected:
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ class TemplateFan : public Component, public fan::Fan {
   bool has_direction_{false};
   int speed_count_{0};
   fan::FanTraits traits_;
-  std::set<std::string> preset_modes_{};
+  std::vector<const char *> preset_modes_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace template_

esphome/components/template/select/template_select.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ void TemplateSelect::setup() {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "State from initial: %s", this->option_at(index));
   }
 
-  this->publish_state(this->at(index).value());
+  this->publish_state(index);
 }
 
 void TemplateSelect::update() {
@@ -41,16 +41,14 @@ void TemplateSelect::update() {
   }
 }
 
-void TemplateSelect::control(const std::string &value) {
-  this->set_trigger_->trigger(value);
+void TemplateSelect::control(size_t index) {
+  this->set_trigger_->trigger(std::string(this->option_at(index)));
 
   if (this->optimistic_)
-    this->publish_state(value);
+    this->publish_state(index);
 
-  if (this->restore_value_) {
-    auto index = this->index_of(value);
-    this->pref_.save(&index.value());
-  }
+  if (this->restore_value_)
+    this->pref_.save(&index);
 }
 
 void TemplateSelect::dump_config() {

esphome/components/template/select/template_select.h

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class TemplateSelect : public select::Select, public PollingComponent {
   void set_restore_value(bool restore_value) { this->restore_value_ = restore_value; }
 
  protected:
-  void control(const std::string &value) override;
+  void control(size_t index) override;
   bool optimistic_ = false;
   size_t initial_option_index_{0};
   bool restore_value_ = false;

esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.cpp

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void ThermostatClimate::setup() {
     if (this->default_preset_ != climate::ClimatePreset::CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE) {
       this->change_preset_(this->default_preset_);
     } else if (!this->default_custom_preset_.empty()) {
-      this->change_custom_preset_(this->default_custom_preset_);
+      this->change_custom_preset_(this->default_custom_preset_.c_str());
     }
   }
 
@@ -218,12 +218,13 @@ void ThermostatClimate::control(const climate::ClimateCall &call) {
       this->preset = call.get_preset().value();
     }
   }
-  if (call.get_custom_preset().has_value()) {
+  if (call.has_custom_preset()) {
     // setup_complete_ blocks modifying/resetting the temps immediately after boot
     if (this->setup_complete_) {
-      this->change_custom_preset_(call.get_custom_preset().value());
+      this->change_custom_preset_(call.get_custom_preset());
     } else {
-      this->custom_preset = call.get_custom_preset().value();
+      // Use the base class method which handles pointer lookup internally
+      this->set_custom_preset_(call.get_custom_preset());
     }
   }
 
@@ -321,9 +322,17 @@ climate::ClimateTraits ThermostatClimate::traits() {
   for (auto &it : this->preset_config_) {
     traits.add_supported_preset(it.first);
   }
-  for (auto &it : this->custom_preset_config_) {
-    traits.add_supported_custom_preset(it.first);
+
+  // Extract custom preset names from the custom_preset_config_ map
+  if (!this->custom_preset_config_.empty()) {
+    std::vector<const char *> custom_preset_names;
+    custom_preset_names.reserve(this->custom_preset_config_.size());
+    for (const auto &it : this->custom_preset_config_) {
+      custom_preset_names.push_back(it.first.c_str());
+    }
+    traits.set_supported_custom_presets(custom_preset_names);
   }
+
   return traits;
 }
 
@@ -1153,7 +1162,7 @@ void ThermostatClimate::change_preset_(climate::ClimatePreset preset) {
         this->preset.value() != preset) {
       // Fire any preset changed trigger if defined
       Trigger<> *trig = this->preset_change_trigger_;
-      this->preset = preset;
+      this->set_preset_(preset);
       if (trig != nullptr) {
         trig->trigger();
       }
@@ -1163,36 +1172,36 @@ void ThermostatClimate::change_preset_(climate::ClimatePreset preset) {
     } else {
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "No changes required to apply preset %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate::climate_preset_to_string(preset)));
     }
-    this->custom_preset.reset();
-    this->preset = preset;
   } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Preset %s not configured; ignoring", LOG_STR_ARG(climate::climate_preset_to_string(preset)));
   }
 }
 
-void ThermostatClimate::change_custom_preset_(const std::string &custom_preset) {
+void ThermostatClimate::change_custom_preset_(const char *custom_preset) {
   auto config = this->custom_preset_config_.find(custom_preset);
 
   if (config != this->custom_preset_config_.end()) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Custom preset %s requested", custom_preset.c_str());
-    if (this->change_preset_internal_(config->second) || (!this->custom_preset.has_value()) ||
-        this->custom_preset.value() != custom_preset) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Custom preset %s requested", custom_preset);
+    if (this->change_preset_internal_(config->second) || !this->has_custom_preset() ||
+        strcmp(this->get_custom_preset(), custom_preset) != 0) {
       // Fire any preset changed trigger if defined
       Trigger<> *trig = this->preset_change_trigger_;
-      this->custom_preset = custom_preset;
+      // Use the base class method which handles pointer lookup and preset reset internally
+      this->set_custom_preset_(custom_preset);
       if (trig != nullptr) {
         trig->trigger();
       }
 
       this->refresh();
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Custom preset %s applied", custom_preset.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Custom preset %s applied", custom_preset);
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "No changes required to apply custom preset %s", custom_preset.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "No changes required to apply custom preset %s", custom_preset);
+      // Note: set_custom_preset_() above handles preset.reset() and custom_preset_ assignment internally.
+      // The old code had these lines here unconditionally, which was a bug (double assignment, state modification
+      // even when no changes were needed). Now properly handled by the protected setter with mutual exclusion.
     }
-    this->preset.reset();
-    this->custom_preset = custom_preset;
   } else {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Custom preset %s not configured; ignoring", custom_preset.c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Custom preset %s not configured; ignoring", custom_preset);
   }
 }
 

esphome/components/thermostat/thermostat_climate.h

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class ThermostatClimate : public climate::Climate, public Component {
   /// Change to a provided preset setting; will reset temperature, mode, fan, and swing modes accordingly
   void change_preset_(climate::ClimatePreset preset);
   /// Change to a provided custom preset setting; will reset temperature, mode, fan, and swing modes accordingly
-  void change_custom_preset_(const std::string &custom_preset);
+  void change_custom_preset_(const char *custom_preset);
 
   /// Applies the temperature, mode, fan, and swing modes of the provided config.
   /// This is agnostic of custom vs built in preset

esphome/components/tuya/select/tuya_select.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ void TuyaSelect::setup() {
       return;
     }
     size_t mapping_idx = std::distance(mappings.cbegin(), it);
-    auto value = this->at(mapping_idx);
-    this->publish_state(value.value());
+    this->publish_state(mapping_idx);
   });
 }
 

esphome/components/web_server/web_server.cpp

@@ -111,8 +111,7 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSource::deq_push_back_with_dedup_(void *source, message_
   // Use range-based for loop instead of std::find_if to reduce template instantiation overhead and binary size
   for (auto &event : this->deferred_queue_) {
     if (event == item) {
-      event = item;
-      return;
+      return;  // Already in queue, no need to update since items are equal
     }
   }
   this->deferred_queue_.push_back(item);
@@ -220,50 +219,51 @@ void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::add_new_client(WebServer *ws, AsyncWebServer
   DeferredUpdateEventSource *es = new DeferredUpdateEventSource(ws, "/events");
   this->push_back(es);
 
-  es->onConnect([this, ws, es](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
-    ws->defer([this, ws, es]() { this->on_client_connect_(ws, es); });
-  });
+  es->onConnect([this, es](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) { this->on_client_connect_(es); });
 
-  es->onDisconnect([this, ws, es](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
-    ws->defer([this, es]() { this->on_client_disconnect_((DeferredUpdateEventSource *) es); });
-  });
+  es->onDisconnect([this, es](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) { this->on_client_disconnect_(es); });
 
   es->handleRequest(request);
 }
 
-void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::on_client_connect_(WebServer *ws, DeferredUpdateEventSource *source) {
-  // Configure reconnect timeout and send config
-  // this should always go through since the AsyncEventSourceClient event queue is empty on connect
-  std::string message = ws->get_config_json();
-  source->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "ping", millis(), 30000);
+void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::on_client_connect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource *source) {
+  WebServer *ws = source->web_server_;
+  ws->defer([ws, source]() {
+    // Configure reconnect timeout and send config
+    // this should always go through since the AsyncEventSourceClient event queue is empty on connect
+    std::string message = ws->get_config_json();
+    source->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "ping", millis(), 30000);
 
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER_SORTING
-  for (auto &group : ws->sorting_groups_) {
-    json::JsonBuilder builder;
-    JsonObject root = builder.root();
-    root["name"] = group.second.name;
-    root["sorting_weight"] = group.second.weight;
-    message = builder.serialize();
+    for (auto &group : ws->sorting_groups_) {
+      json::JsonBuilder builder;
+      JsonObject root = builder.root();
+      root["name"] = group.second.name;
+      root["sorting_weight"] = group.second.weight;
+      message = builder.serialize();
 
-    // up to 31 groups should be able to be queued initially without defer
-    source->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "sorting_group");
-  }
+      // up to 31 groups should be able to be queued initially without defer
+      source->try_send_nodefer(message.c_str(), "sorting_group");
+    }
 #endif
 
-  source->entities_iterator_.begin(ws->include_internal_);
+    source->entities_iterator_.begin(ws->include_internal_);
 
-  // just dump them all up-front and take advantage of the deferred queue
-  //     on second thought that takes too long, but leaving the commented code here for debug purposes
-  // while(!source->entities_iterator_.completed()) {
-  //  source->entities_iterator_.advance();
-  //}
+    // just dump them all up-front and take advantage of the deferred queue
+    //     on second thought that takes too long, but leaving the commented code here for debug purposes
+    // while(!source->entities_iterator_.completed()) {
+    //  source->entities_iterator_.advance();
+    //}
+  });
 }
 
 void DeferredUpdateEventSourceList::on_client_disconnect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource *source) {
-  // This method was called via WebServer->defer() and is no longer executing in the
-  // context of the network callback. The object is now dead and can be safely deleted.
-  this->remove(source);
-  delete source;  // NOLINT
+  source->web_server_->defer([this, source]() {
+    // This method was called via WebServer->defer() and is no longer executing in the
+    // context of the network callback. The object is now dead and can be safely deleted.
+    this->remove(source);
+    delete source;  // NOLINT
+  });
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -435,9 +435,10 @@ void WebServer::on_sensor_update(sensor::Sensor *obj, float state) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_sensor_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (sensor::Sensor *obj : App.get_sensors()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
-    if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
+    // Note: request->method() is always HTTP_GET here (canHandle ensures this)
+    if (match.method_empty()) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
       std::string data = this->sensor_json(obj, obj->state, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
@@ -477,9 +478,10 @@ void WebServer::on_text_sensor_update(text_sensor::TextSensor *obj, const std::s
 }
 void WebServer::handle_text_sensor_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (text_sensor::TextSensor *obj : App.get_text_sensors()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
-    if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
+    // Note: request->method() is always HTTP_GET here (canHandle ensures this)
+    if (match.method_empty()) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
       std::string data = this->text_sensor_json(obj, obj->state, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
@@ -516,7 +518,7 @@ void WebServer::on_switch_update(switch_::Switch *obj, bool state) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_switch_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (switch_::Switch *obj : App.get_switches()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
@@ -585,7 +587,7 @@ std::string WebServer::switch_json(switch_::Switch *obj, bool value, JsonDetail
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
 void WebServer::handle_button_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (button::Button *obj : App.get_buttons()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
@@ -627,9 +629,10 @@ void WebServer::on_binary_sensor_update(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_binary_sensor_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (binary_sensor::BinarySensor *obj : App.get_binary_sensors()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
-    if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
+    // Note: request->method() is always HTTP_GET here (canHandle ensures this)
+    if (match.method_empty()) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
       std::string data = this->binary_sensor_json(obj, obj->state, detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
@@ -665,7 +668,7 @@ void WebServer::on_fan_update(fan::Fan *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_fan_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (fan::Fan *obj : App.get_fans()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
@@ -739,7 +742,7 @@ void WebServer::on_light_update(light::LightState *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_light_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (light::LightState *obj : App.get_lights()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
@@ -812,7 +815,7 @@ void WebServer::on_cover_update(cover::Cover *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_cover_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (cover::Cover *obj : App.get_covers()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
@@ -897,7 +900,7 @@ void WebServer::on_number_update(number::Number *obj, float state) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_number_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (auto *obj : App.get_numbers()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
@@ -962,7 +965,7 @@ void WebServer::on_date_update(datetime::DateEntity *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_date_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (auto *obj : App.get_dates()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
@@ -1017,7 +1020,7 @@ void WebServer::on_time_update(datetime::TimeEntity *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_time_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (auto *obj : App.get_times()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
@@ -1071,7 +1074,7 @@ void WebServer::on_datetime_update(datetime::DateTimeEntity *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_datetime_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (auto *obj : App.get_datetimes()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
@@ -1126,7 +1129,7 @@ void WebServer::on_text_update(text::Text *obj, const std::string &state) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_text_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (auto *obj : App.get_texts()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
@@ -1180,12 +1183,12 @@ void WebServer::on_select_update(select::Select *obj, const std::string &state,
 }
 void WebServer::handle_select_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (auto *obj : App.get_selects()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
-      std::string data = this->select_json(obj, obj->state, detail);
+      std::string data = this->select_json(obj, obj->has_state() ? obj->current_option() : "", detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
       return;
     }
@@ -1205,12 +1208,14 @@ void WebServer::handle_select_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlM
   request->send(404);
 }
 std::string WebServer::select_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
-  return web_server->select_json((select::Select *) (source), ((select::Select *) (source))->state, DETAIL_STATE);
+  auto *obj = (select::Select *) (source);
+  return web_server->select_json(obj, obj->has_state() ? obj->current_option() : "", DETAIL_STATE);
 }
 std::string WebServer::select_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source) {
-  return web_server->select_json((select::Select *) (source), ((select::Select *) (source))->state, DETAIL_ALL);
+  auto *obj = (select::Select *) (source);
+  return web_server->select_json(obj, obj->has_state() ? obj->current_option() : "", DETAIL_ALL);
 }
-std::string WebServer::select_json(select::Select *obj, const std::string &value, JsonDetail start_config) {
+std::string WebServer::select_json(select::Select *obj, const char *value, JsonDetail start_config) {
   json::JsonBuilder builder;
   JsonObject root = builder.root();
 
@@ -1236,7 +1241,7 @@ void WebServer::on_climate_update(climate::Climate *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_climate_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (auto *obj : App.get_climates()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
@@ -1312,7 +1317,7 @@ std::string WebServer::climate_json(climate::Climate *obj, JsonDetail start_conf
       for (climate::ClimatePreset m : traits.get_supported_presets())
         opt.add(PSTR_LOCAL(climate::climate_preset_to_string(m)));
     }
-    if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && obj->custom_preset.has_value()) {
+    if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && obj->has_custom_preset()) {
       JsonArray opt = root["custom_presets"].to<JsonArray>();
       for (auto const &custom_preset : traits.get_supported_custom_presets())
         opt.add(custom_preset);
@@ -1333,14 +1338,14 @@ std::string WebServer::climate_json(climate::Climate *obj, JsonDetail start_conf
   if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() && obj->fan_mode.has_value()) {
     root["fan_mode"] = PSTR_LOCAL(climate_fan_mode_to_string(obj->fan_mode.value()));
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && obj->custom_fan_mode.has_value()) {
-    root["custom_fan_mode"] = obj->custom_fan_mode.value().c_str();
+  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && obj->has_custom_fan_mode()) {
+    root["custom_fan_mode"] = obj->get_custom_fan_mode();
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_presets() && obj->preset.has_value()) {
     root["preset"] = PSTR_LOCAL(climate_preset_to_string(obj->preset.value()));
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && obj->custom_preset.has_value()) {
-    root["custom_preset"] = obj->custom_preset.value().c_str();
+  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && obj->has_custom_preset()) {
+    root["custom_preset"] = obj->get_custom_preset();
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
     root["swing_mode"] = PSTR_LOCAL(climate_swing_mode_to_string(obj->swing_mode));
@@ -1377,7 +1382,7 @@ void WebServer::on_lock_update(lock::Lock *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_lock_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (lock::Lock *obj : App.get_locks()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
@@ -1448,7 +1453,7 @@ void WebServer::on_valve_update(valve::Valve *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_valve_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (valve::Valve *obj : App.get_valves()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
@@ -1529,7 +1534,7 @@ void WebServer::on_alarm_control_panel_update(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlP
 }
 void WebServer::handle_alarm_control_panel_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *obj : App.get_alarm_control_panels()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
@@ -1608,10 +1613,11 @@ void WebServer::on_event(event::Event *obj, const std::string &event_type) {
 
 void WebServer::handle_event_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (event::Event *obj : App.get_events()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
-    if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {
+    // Note: request->method() is always HTTP_GET here (canHandle ensures this)
+    if (match.method_empty()) {
       auto detail = get_request_detail(request);
       std::string data = this->event_json(obj, "", detail);
       request->send(200, "application/json", data.c_str());
@@ -1673,7 +1679,7 @@ void WebServer::on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) {
 }
 void WebServer::handle_update_request(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const UrlMatch &match) {
   for (update::UpdateEntity *obj : App.get_updates()) {
-    if (!match.id_equals(obj->get_object_id()))
+    if (!match.id_equals_entity(obj))
       continue;
 
     if (request->method() == HTTP_GET && match.method_empty()) {

esphome/components/web_server/web_server.h

@@ -48,8 +48,15 @@ struct UrlMatch {
     return domain && domain_len == strlen(str) && memcmp(domain, str, domain_len) == 0;
   }
 
-  bool id_equals(const std::string &str) const {
-    return id && id_len == str.length() && memcmp(id, str.c_str(), id_len) == 0;
+  bool id_equals_entity(EntityBase *entity) const {
+    // Zero-copy comparison using StringRef
+    StringRef static_ref = entity->get_object_id_ref_for_api_();
+    if (!static_ref.empty()) {
+      return id && id_len == static_ref.size() && memcmp(id, static_ref.c_str(), id_len) == 0;
+    }
+    // Fallback to allocation (rare)
+    const auto &obj_id = entity->get_object_id();
+    return id && id_len == obj_id.length() && memcmp(id, obj_id.c_str(), id_len) == 0;
   }
 
   bool method_equals(const char *str) const {
@@ -141,7 +148,7 @@ class DeferredUpdateEventSource : public AsyncEventSource {
 
 class DeferredUpdateEventSourceList : public std::list<DeferredUpdateEventSource *> {
  protected:
-  void on_client_connect_(WebServer *ws, DeferredUpdateEventSource *source);
+  void on_client_connect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource *source);
   void on_client_disconnect_(DeferredUpdateEventSource *source);
 
  public:
@@ -403,7 +410,7 @@ class WebServer : public Controller, public Component, public AsyncWebHandler {
   static std::string select_state_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
   static std::string select_all_json_generator(WebServer *web_server, void *source);
   /// Dump the select state with its value as a JSON string.
-  std::string select_json(select::Select *obj, const std::string &value, JsonDetail start_config);
+  std::string select_json(select::Select *obj, const char *value, JsonDetail start_config);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE

esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cctype>
+#include <cinttypes>
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -245,8 +246,8 @@ void AsyncWebServerRequest::redirect(const std::string &url) {
 }
 
 void AsyncWebServerRequest::init_response_(AsyncWebServerResponse *rsp, int code, const char *content_type) {
-  // Set status code - use constants for common codes to avoid string allocation
-  const char *status = nullptr;
+  // Set status code - use constants for common codes, default to 500 for unknown codes
+  const char *status;
   switch (code) {
     case 200:
       status = HTTPD_200;
@@ -258,9 +259,10 @@ void AsyncWebServerRequest::init_response_(AsyncWebServerResponse *rsp, int code
       status = HTTPD_409;
       break;
     default:
+      status = HTTPD_500;
       break;
   }
-  httpd_resp_set_status(*this, status == nullptr ? to_string(code).c_str() : status);
+  httpd_resp_set_status(*this, status);
 
   if (content_type && *content_type) {
     httpd_resp_set_type(*this, content_type);
@@ -348,7 +350,13 @@ void AsyncWebServerResponse::addHeader(const char *name, const char *value) {
   httpd_resp_set_hdr(*this->req_, name, value);
 }
 
-void AsyncResponseStream::print(float value) { this->print(to_string(value)); }
+void AsyncResponseStream::print(float value) {
+  // Use stack buffer to avoid temporary string allocation
+  // Size: sign (1) + digits (10) + decimal (1) + precision (6) + exponent (5) + null (1) = 24, use 32 for safety
+  char buf[32];
+  int len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%f", value);
+  this->content_.append(buf, len);
+}
 
 void AsyncResponseStream::printf(const char *fmt, ...) {
   va_list args;
@@ -494,8 +502,7 @@ void AsyncEventSourceResponse::deq_push_back_with_dedup_(void *source, message_g
   // Use range-based for loop instead of std::find_if to reduce template instantiation overhead and binary size
   for (auto &event : this->deferred_queue_) {
     if (event == item) {
-      event = item;
-      return;
+      return;  // Already in queue, no need to update since items are equal
     }
   }
   this->deferred_queue_.push_back(item);
@@ -594,16 +601,19 @@ bool AsyncEventSourceResponse::try_send_nodefer(const char *message, const char
 
   event_buffer_.append(chunk_len_header);
 
+  // Use stack buffer for formatting numeric fields to avoid temporary string allocations
+  // Size: "retry: " (7) + max uint32 (10 digits) + CRLF (2) + null (1) = 20 bytes, use 32 for safety
+  constexpr size_t num_buf_size = 32;
+  char num_buf[num_buf_size];
+
   if (reconnect) {
-    event_buffer_.append("retry: ", sizeof("retry: ") - 1);
-    event_buffer_.append(to_string(reconnect));
-    event_buffer_.append(CRLF_STR, CRLF_LEN);
+    int len = snprintf(num_buf, num_buf_size, "retry: %" PRIu32 CRLF_STR, reconnect);
+    event_buffer_.append(num_buf, len);
   }
 
   if (id) {
-    event_buffer_.append("id: ", sizeof("id: ") - 1);
-    event_buffer_.append(to_string(id));
-    event_buffer_.append(CRLF_STR, CRLF_LEN);
+    int len = snprintf(num_buf, num_buf_size, "id: %" PRIu32 CRLF_STR, id);
+    event_buffer_.append(num_buf, len);
   }
 
   if (event && *event) {

esphome/components/zephyr/core.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <zephyr/kernel.h>
 #include <zephyr/drivers/watchdog.h>
 #include <zephyr/sys/reboot.h>
-#include <zephyr/random/rand32.h>
+#include <zephyr/random/random.h>
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 

esphome/components/zephyr/gpio.cpp

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ namespace zephyr {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "zephyr";
 
-static int flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags, bool inverted, bool value) {
-  int ret = 0;
+static gpio_flags_t flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags, bool inverted, bool value) {
+  gpio_flags_t ret = 0;
   if (flags & gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
     ret |= GPIO_INPUT;
   }
@@ -79,7 +79,10 @@ void ZephyrGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   if (nullptr == this->gpio_) {
     return;
   }
-  gpio_pin_configure(this->gpio_, this->pin_ % 32, flags_to_mode(flags, this->inverted_, this->value_));
+  auto ret = gpio_pin_configure(this->gpio_, this->pin_ % 32, flags_to_mode(flags, this->inverted_, this->value_));
+  if (ret != 0) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "gpio %u cannot be configured %d.", this->pin_, ret);
+  }
 }
 
 std::string ZephyrGPIOPin::dump_summary() const {

esphome/config_validation.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 from string import ascii_letters, digits
+import typing
 import uuid as uuid_
 
 import voluptuous as vol
@@ -1763,16 +1765,37 @@ class SplitDefault(Optional):
 
 
 class OnlyWith(Optional):
-    """Set the default value only if the given component is loaded."""
+    """Set the default value only if the given component(s) is/are loaded.
 
-    def __init__(self, key, component, default=None):
+    This validator allows configuration keys to have defaults that are only applied
+    when specific component(s) are loaded. Supports both single component names and
+    lists of components.
+
+    Args:
+        key: Configuration key
+        component: Single component name (str) or list of component names.
+                  For lists, ALL components must be loaded for the default to apply.
+        default: Default value to use when condition is met
+
+    Example:
+        # Single component
+        cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(MQTTComponent)
+
+        # Multiple components (all must be loaded)
+        cv.OnlyWith(CONF_ZIGBEE_ID, ["zigbee", "nrf52"]): cv.use_id(Zigbee)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, key, component: str | list[str], default=None) -> None:
         super().__init__(key)
         self._component = component
         self._default = vol.default_factory(default)
 
     @property
-    def default(self):
-        if self._component in CORE.loaded_integrations:
+    def default(self) -> Callable[[], typing.Any] | vol.Undefined:
+        if isinstance(self._component, list):
+            if all(c in CORE.loaded_integrations for c in self._component):
+                return self._default
+        elif self._component in CORE.loaded_integrations:
             return self._default
         return vol.UNDEFINED
 

esphome/core/application.cpp

@@ -576,10 +576,11 @@ void Application::yield_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
     // Update fd_set if socket list has changed
     if (this->socket_fds_changed_) {
       FD_ZERO(&this->base_read_fds_);
+      // fd bounds are already validated in register_socket_fd() or guaranteed by platform design:
+      // - ESP32: LwIP guarantees fd < FD_SETSIZE by design (LWIP_SOCKET_OFFSET = FD_SETSIZE - CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS)
+      // - Other platforms: register_socket_fd() validates fd < FD_SETSIZE
       for (int fd : this->socket_fds_) {
-        if (fd >= 0 && fd < FD_SETSIZE) {
-          FD_SET(fd, &this->base_read_fds_);
-        }
+        FD_SET(fd, &this->base_read_fds_);
       }
       this->socket_fds_changed_ = false;
     }

esphome/core/base_automation.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 #include <vector>
+#include <forward_list>
 
 namespace esphome {
 
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ForCondition : public Condition<Ts...>, public Co
   bool check_internal() {
     bool cond = this->condition_->check();
     if (!cond)
-      this->last_inactive_ = millis();
+      this->last_inactive_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
     return cond;
   }
 
@@ -268,32 +269,28 @@ template<typename... Ts> class WhileAction : public Action<Ts...> {
   void add_then(const std::initializer_list<Action<Ts...> *> &actions) {
     this->then_.add_actions(actions);
     this->then_.add_action(new LambdaAction<Ts...>([this](Ts... x) {
-      if (this->num_running_ > 0 && this->condition_->check_tuple(this->var_)) {
+      if (this->num_running_ > 0 && this->condition_->check(x...)) {
         // play again
-        if (this->num_running_ > 0) {
-          this->then_.play_tuple(this->var_);
-        }
+        this->then_.play(x...);
       } else {
         // condition false, play next
-        this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+        this->play_next_(x...);
       }
     }));
   }
 
   void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
-    // Store loop parameters
-    this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
     // Initial condition check
-    if (!this->condition_->check_tuple(this->var_)) {
+    if (!this->condition_->check(x...)) {
       // If new condition check failed, stop loop if running
       this->then_.stop();
-      this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+      this->play_next_(x...);
       return;
     }
 
     if (this->num_running_ > 0) {
-      this->then_.play_tuple(this->var_);
+      this->then_.play(x...);
     }
   }
 
@@ -305,7 +302,6 @@ template<typename... Ts> class WhileAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  protected:
   Condition<Ts...> *condition_;
   ActionList<Ts...> then_;
-  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class RepeatAction : public Action<Ts...> {
@@ -317,7 +313,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RepeatAction : public Action<Ts...> {
     this->then_.add_action(new LambdaAction<uint32_t, Ts...>([this](uint32_t iteration, Ts... x) {
       iteration++;
       if (iteration >= this->count_.value(x...)) {
-        this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+        this->play_next_(x...);
       } else {
         this->then_.play(iteration, x...);
       }
@@ -326,11 +322,10 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RepeatAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
-    this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
     if (this->count_.value(x...) > 0) {
       this->then_.play(0, x...);
     } else {
-      this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+      this->play_next_(x...);
     }
   }
 
@@ -341,15 +336,26 @@ template<typename... Ts> class RepeatAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
  protected:
   ActionList<uint32_t, Ts...> then_;
-  std::tuple<Ts...> var_;
 };
 
+/** Wait until a condition is true to continue execution.
+ *
+ * Uses queue-based storage to safely handle concurrent executions.
+ * While concurrent execution from the same trigger is uncommon, it's possible
+ * (e.g., rapid button presses, high-frequency sensor updates), so we use
+ * queue-based storage for correctness.
+ */
 template<typename... Ts> class WaitUntilAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Component {
  public:
   WaitUntilAction(Condition<Ts...> *condition) : condition_(condition) {}
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, timeout_value)
 
+  void setup() override {
+    // Start with loop disabled - only enable when there's work to do
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
+
   void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
     // Check if we can continue immediately.
@@ -359,13 +365,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class WaitUntilAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Co
       }
       return;
     }
-    this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
 
-    if (this->timeout_value_.has_value()) {
-      auto f = std::bind(&WaitUntilAction<Ts...>::play_next_, this, x...);
-      this->set_timeout("timeout", this->timeout_value_.value(x...), f);
-    }
+    // Store for later processing
+    auto now = millis();
+    auto timeout = this->timeout_value_.optional_value(x...);
+    this->var_queue_.emplace_front(now, timeout, std::make_tuple(x...));
 
+    // Enable loop now that we have work to do
+    this->enable_loop();
     this->loop();
   }
 
@@ -373,13 +380,32 @@ template<typename... Ts> class WaitUntilAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Co
     if (this->num_running_ == 0)
       return;
 
-    if (!this->condition_->check_tuple(this->var_)) {
-      return;
+    auto now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+
+    this->var_queue_.remove_if([&](auto &queued) {
+      auto start = std::get<uint32_t>(queued);
+      auto timeout = std::get<optional<uint32_t>>(queued);
+      auto &var = std::get<std::tuple<Ts...>>(queued);
+
+      auto expired = timeout && (now - start) >= *timeout;
+
+      if (!expired && !this->condition_->check_tuple(var)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      this->play_next_tuple_(var);
+      return true;
+    });
+
+    // If queue is now empty, disable loop until next play_complex
+    if (this->var_queue_.empty()) {
+      this->disable_loop();
     }
+  }
 
-    this->cancel_timeout("timeout");
-
-    this->play_next_tuple_(this->var_);
+  void stop() override {
+    this->var_queue_.clear();
+    this->disable_loop();
   }
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::DATA; }
@@ -387,11 +413,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class WaitUntilAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Co
   void play(Ts... x) override { /* ignore - see play_complex */
   }
 
-  void stop() override { this->cancel_timeout("timeout"); }
-
  protected:
   Condition<Ts...> *condition_;
-  std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
+  std::forward_list<std::tuple<uint32_t, optional<uint32_t>, std::tuple<Ts...>>> var_queue_{};
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class UpdateComponentAction : public Action<Ts...> {

esphome/core/component.cpp

@@ -284,6 +284,7 @@ bool Component::is_ready() const {
          (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE ||
          (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_SETUP;
 }
+bool Component::is_idle() const { return (this->component_state_ & COMPONENT_STATE_MASK) == COMPONENT_STATE_LOOP_DONE; }
 bool Component::can_proceed() { return true; }
 bool Component::status_has_warning() const { return this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_WARNING; }
 bool Component::status_has_error() const { return this->component_state_ & STATUS_LED_ERROR; }

esphome/core/component.h

@@ -141,6 +141,14 @@ class Component {
    */
   bool is_in_loop_state() const;
 
+  /** Check if this component is idle.
+   * Being idle means being in LOOP_DONE state.
+   * This means the component has completed setup, is not failed, but its loop is currently disabled.
+   *
+   * @return True if the component is idle
+   */
+  bool is_idle() const;
+
   /** Mark this component as failed. Any future timeouts/intervals/setup/loop will no longer be called.
    *
    * This might be useful if a component wants to indicate that a connection to its peripheral failed.

esphome/core/entity_base.h

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ namespace api {
 class APIConnection;
 }  // namespace api
 
+namespace web_server {
+struct UrlMatch;
+}  // namespace web_server
+
 enum EntityCategory : uint8_t {
   ENTITY_CATEGORY_NONE = 0,
   ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG = 1,
@@ -116,6 +120,7 @@ class EntityBase {
 
  protected:
   friend class api::APIConnection;
+  friend struct web_server::UrlMatch;
 
   // Get object_id as StringRef when it's static (for API usage)
   // Returns empty StringRef if object_id is dynamic (needs allocation)

esphome/core/scheduler.cpp

@@ -316,59 +316,37 @@ optional<uint32_t> HOT Scheduler::next_schedule_in(uint32_t now) {
     return 0;
   return next_exec - now_64;
 }
+
+void Scheduler::full_cleanup_removed_items_() {
+  // We hold the lock for the entire cleanup operation because:
+  // 1. We're rebuilding the entire items_ list, so we need exclusive access throughout
+  // 2. Other threads must see either the old state or the new state, not intermediate states
+  // 3. The operation is already expensive (O(n)), so lock overhead is negligible
+  // 4. No operations inside can block or take other locks, so no deadlock risk
+  LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
+
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> valid_items;
+
+  // Move all non-removed items to valid_items, recycle removed ones
+  for (auto &item : this->items_) {
+    if (!is_item_removed_(item.get())) {
+      valid_items.push_back(std::move(item));
+    } else {
+      // Recycle removed items
+      this->recycle_item_(std::move(item));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Replace items_ with the filtered list
+  this->items_ = std::move(valid_items);
+  // Rebuild the heap structure since items are no longer in heap order
+  std::make_heap(this->items_.begin(), this->items_.end(), SchedulerItem::cmp);
+  this->to_remove_ = 0;
+}
+
 void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
 #ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
-  // Process defer queue first to guarantee FIFO execution order for deferred items.
-  // Previously, defer() used the heap which gave undefined order for equal timestamps,
-  // causing race conditions on multi-core systems (ESP32, BK7200).
-  // With the defer queue:
-  // - Deferred items (delay=0) go directly to defer_queue_ in set_timer_common_
-  // - Items execute in exact order they were deferred (FIFO guarantee)
-  // - No deferred items exist in to_add_, so processing order doesn't affect correctness
-  // Single-core platforms don't use this queue and fall back to the heap-based approach.
-  //
-  // Note: Items cancelled via cancel_item_locked_() are marked with remove=true but still
-  // processed here. They are skipped during execution by should_skip_item_().
-  // This is intentional - no memory leak occurs.
-  //
-  // We use an index (defer_queue_front_) to track the read position instead of calling
-  // erase() on every pop, which would be O(n). The queue is processed once per loop -
-  // any items added during processing are left for the next loop iteration.
-
-  // Snapshot the queue end point - only process items that existed at loop start
-  // Items added during processing (by callbacks or other threads) run next loop
-  // No lock needed: single consumer (main loop), stale read just means we process less this iteration
-  size_t defer_queue_end = this->defer_queue_.size();
-
-  while (this->defer_queue_front_ < defer_queue_end) {
-    std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> item;
-    {
-      LockGuard lock(this->lock_);
-      // SAFETY: Moving out the unique_ptr leaves a nullptr in the vector at defer_queue_front_.
-      // This is intentional and safe because:
-      // 1. The vector is only cleaned up by cleanup_defer_queue_locked_() at the end of this function
-      // 2. Any code iterating defer_queue_ MUST check for nullptr items (see mark_matching_items_removed_
-      //    and has_cancelled_timeout_in_container_ in scheduler.h)
-      // 3. The lock protects concurrent access, but the nullptr remains until cleanup
-      item = std::move(this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_]);
-      this->defer_queue_front_++;
-    }
-
-    // Execute callback without holding lock to prevent deadlocks
-    // if the callback tries to call defer() again
-    if (!this->should_skip_item_(item.get())) {
-      now = this->execute_item_(item.get(), now);
-    }
-    // Recycle the defer item after execution
-    this->recycle_item_(std::move(item));
-  }
-
-  // If we've consumed all items up to the snapshot point, clean up the dead space
-  // Single consumer (main loop), so no lock needed for this check
-  if (this->defer_queue_front_ >= defer_queue_end) {
-    LockGuard lock(this->lock_);
-    this->cleanup_defer_queue_locked_();
-  }
+  this->process_defer_queue_(now);
 #endif /* not ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE */
 
   // Convert the fresh timestamp from main loop to 64-bit for scheduler operations
@@ -429,30 +407,7 @@ void HOT Scheduler::call(uint32_t now) {
   // If we still have too many cancelled items, do a full cleanup
   // This only happens if cancelled items are stuck in the middle/bottom of the heap
   if (this->to_remove_ >= MAX_LOGICALLY_DELETED_ITEMS) {
-    // We hold the lock for the entire cleanup operation because:
-    // 1. We're rebuilding the entire items_ list, so we need exclusive access throughout
-    // 2. Other threads must see either the old state or the new state, not intermediate states
-    // 3. The operation is already expensive (O(n)), so lock overhead is negligible
-    // 4. No operations inside can block or take other locks, so no deadlock risk
-    LockGuard guard{this->lock_};
-
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem>> valid_items;
-
-    // Move all non-removed items to valid_items, recycle removed ones
-    for (auto &item : this->items_) {
-      if (!is_item_removed_(item.get())) {
-        valid_items.push_back(std::move(item));
-      } else {
-        // Recycle removed items
-        this->recycle_item_(std::move(item));
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Replace items_ with the filtered list
-    this->items_ = std::move(valid_items);
-    // Rebuild the heap structure since items are no longer in heap order
-    std::make_heap(this->items_.begin(), this->items_.end(), SchedulerItem::cmp);
-    this->to_remove_ = 0;
+    this->full_cleanup_removed_items_();
   }
   while (!this->items_.empty()) {
     // Don't copy-by value yet

esphome/core/scheduler.h

@@ -263,7 +263,65 @@ class Scheduler {
   // Helper to recycle a SchedulerItem
   void recycle_item_(std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> item);
 
+  // Helper to perform full cleanup when too many items are cancelled
+  void full_cleanup_removed_items_();
+
 #ifndef ESPHOME_THREAD_SINGLE
+  // Helper to process defer queue - inline for performance in hot path
+  inline void process_defer_queue_(uint32_t &now) {
+    // Process defer queue first to guarantee FIFO execution order for deferred items.
+    // Previously, defer() used the heap which gave undefined order for equal timestamps,
+    // causing race conditions on multi-core systems (ESP32, BK7200).
+    // With the defer queue:
+    // - Deferred items (delay=0) go directly to defer_queue_ in set_timer_common_
+    // - Items execute in exact order they were deferred (FIFO guarantee)
+    // - No deferred items exist in to_add_, so processing order doesn't affect correctness
+    // Single-core platforms don't use this queue and fall back to the heap-based approach.
+    //
+    // Note: Items cancelled via cancel_item_locked_() are marked with remove=true but still
+    // processed here. They are skipped during execution by should_skip_item_().
+    // This is intentional - no memory leak occurs.
+    //
+    // We use an index (defer_queue_front_) to track the read position instead of calling
+    // erase() on every pop, which would be O(n). The queue is processed once per loop -
+    // any items added during processing are left for the next loop iteration.
+
+    // Snapshot the queue end point - only process items that existed at loop start
+    // Items added during processing (by callbacks or other threads) run next loop
+    // No lock needed: single consumer (main loop), stale read just means we process less this iteration
+    size_t defer_queue_end = this->defer_queue_.size();
+
+    while (this->defer_queue_front_ < defer_queue_end) {
+      std::unique_ptr<SchedulerItem> item;
+      {
+        LockGuard lock(this->lock_);
+        // SAFETY: Moving out the unique_ptr leaves a nullptr in the vector at defer_queue_front_.
+        // This is intentional and safe because:
+        // 1. The vector is only cleaned up by cleanup_defer_queue_locked_() at the end of this function
+        // 2. Any code iterating defer_queue_ MUST check for nullptr items (see mark_matching_items_removed_
+        //    and has_cancelled_timeout_in_container_ in scheduler.h)
+        // 3. The lock protects concurrent access, but the nullptr remains until cleanup
+        item = std::move(this->defer_queue_[this->defer_queue_front_]);
+        this->defer_queue_front_++;
+      }
+
+      // Execute callback without holding lock to prevent deadlocks
+      // if the callback tries to call defer() again
+      if (!this->should_skip_item_(item.get())) {
+        now = this->execute_item_(item.get(), now);
+      }
+      // Recycle the defer item after execution
+      this->recycle_item_(std::move(item));
+    }
+
+    // If we've consumed all items up to the snapshot point, clean up the dead space
+    // Single consumer (main loop), so no lock needed for this check
+    if (this->defer_queue_front_ >= defer_queue_end) {
+      LockGuard lock(this->lock_);
+      this->cleanup_defer_queue_locked_();
+    }
+  }
+
   // Helper to cleanup defer_queue_ after processing
   // IMPORTANT: Caller must hold the scheduler lock before calling this function.
   inline void cleanup_defer_queue_locked_() {

esphome/cpp_generator.py

@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ def safe_exp(obj: SafeExpType) -> Expression:
         return IntLiteral(int(obj.total_seconds))
     if isinstance(obj, TimePeriodMinutes):
         return IntLiteral(int(obj.total_minutes))
-    if isinstance(obj, tuple | list):
+    if isinstance(obj, (tuple, list)):
         return ArrayInitializer(*[safe_exp(o) for o in obj])
     if obj is bool:
         return bool_