[logger] Eliminate strlen overhead on LibreTiny

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@0499de31b99561a6d14a36a5f662c2a54f91beee # v4.31.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@014f16e7ab1402f30e7c3329d33797e7948572db # v4.31.3
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@0499de31b99561a6d14a36a5f662c2a54f91beee # v4.31.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@014f16e7ab1402f30e7c3329d33797e7948572db # v4.31.3
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.14.4
+    rev: v0.14.5
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff

Doxyfile

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2025.11.0b3
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2025.12.0-dev
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a

esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py

@@ -15,11 +15,6 @@ from . import (
 class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
     """Memory analyzer with CLI-specific report generation."""
 
-    # Symbol size threshold for detailed analysis
-    SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD: int = (
-        100  # Show symbols larger than this in detailed analysis
-    )
-
     # Column width constants
     COL_COMPONENT: int = 29
     COL_FLASH_TEXT: int = 14
@@ -196,21 +191,14 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
                     f"{len(symbols):>{self.COL_CORE_COUNT}} | {percentage:>{self.COL_CORE_PERCENT - 1}.1f}%"
                 )
 
-            # All core symbols above threshold
+            # Top 15 largest core symbols
             lines.append("")
+            lines.append(f"Top 15 Largest {_COMPONENT_CORE} Symbols:")
             sorted_core_symbols = sorted(
                 self._esphome_core_symbols, key=lambda x: x[2], reverse=True
             )
-            large_core_symbols = [
-                (symbol, demangled, size)
-                for symbol, demangled, size in sorted_core_symbols
-                if size > self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD
-            ]
 
-            lines.append(
-                f"{_COMPONENT_CORE} Symbols > {self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD} B ({len(large_core_symbols)} symbols):"
-            )
-            for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(large_core_symbols):
+            for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(sorted_core_symbols[:15]):
                 lines.append(f"{i + 1}. {demangled} ({size:,} B)")
 
             lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
@@ -280,15 +268,13 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
                 lines.append(f"Total size: {comp_mem.flash_total:,} B")
                 lines.append("")
 
-                # Show all symbols above threshold for better visibility
+                # Show all symbols > 100 bytes for better visibility
                 large_symbols = [
-                    (sym, dem, size)
-                    for sym, dem, size in sorted_symbols
-                    if size > self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD
+                    (sym, dem, size) for sym, dem, size in sorted_symbols if size > 100
                 ]
 
                 lines.append(
-                    f"{comp_name} Symbols > {self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD} B ({len(large_symbols)} symbols):"
+                    f"{comp_name} Symbols > 100 B ({len(large_symbols)} symbols):"
                 )
                 for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(large_symbols):
                     lines.append(f"{i + 1}. {demangled} ({size:,} B)")

esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+import logging
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import web_server_base
 from esphome.components.web_server_base import CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AP,
     CONF_ID,
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
@@ -14,6 +17,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
@@ -50,6 +57,27 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+    wifi_conf = full_config.get("wifi")
+
+    if wifi_conf is None:
+        # This shouldn't happen due to DEPENDENCIES = ["wifi"], but check anyway
+        raise cv.Invalid("Captive portal requires the wifi component to be configured")
+
+    if CONF_AP not in wifi_conf:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Captive portal is enabled but no WiFi AP is configured. "
+            "The captive portal will not be accessible. "
+            "Add 'ap:' to your WiFi configuration to enable the captive portal."
+        )
+
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CAPTIVE_PORTAL)
 async def to_code(config):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID])

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp

@@ -634,11 +634,13 @@ void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
         io_capability_s = "invalid";
         break;
     }
+    char mac_s[18];
+    format_mac_addr_upper(mac_address, mac_s);
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                   "BLE:\n"
                   "  MAC address: %s\n"
                   "  IO Capability: %s",
-                  format_mac_address_pretty(mac_address).c_str(), io_capability_s);
+                  mac_s, io_capability_s);
   } else {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Bluetooth stack is not enabled");
   }

esphome/components/ld2410/sensor.py

@@ -31,83 +31,35 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
         cv.Optional(CONF_MOVING_DISTANCE): sensor.sensor_schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_SIGNAL,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CENTIMETER,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_STILL_DISTANCE): sensor.sensor_schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_SIGNAL,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CENTIMETER,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_MOVING_ENERGY): sensor.sensor_schema(
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_STILL_ENERGY): sensor.sensor_schema(
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_FLASH,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_LIGHT): sensor.sensor_schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_LIGHTBULB,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_DETECTION_DISTANCE): sensor.sensor_schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_SIGNAL,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CENTIMETER,
         ),
@@ -121,13 +73,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
                 cv.Optional(CONF_MOVE_ENERGY): sensor.sensor_schema(
                     entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
                     filters=[
-                        {
-                            "timeout": {
-                                "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                                "value": "last",
-                            }
-                        },
-                        {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
+                        {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}
                     ],
                     icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
@@ -135,13 +81,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
                 cv.Optional(CONF_STILL_ENERGY): sensor.sensor_schema(
                     entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
                     filters=[
-                        {
-                            "timeout": {
-                                "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                                "value": "last",
-                            }
-                        },
-                        {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
+                        {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}
                     ],
                     icon=ICON_FLASH,
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,

esphome/components/ld2412/sensor.py

@@ -31,84 +31,36 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2412_ID): cv.use_id(LD2412Component),
         cv.Optional(CONF_DETECTION_DISTANCE): sensor.sensor_schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_SIGNAL,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CENTIMETER,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_LIGHT): sensor.sensor_schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_LIGHTBULB,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_EMPTY,  # No standard unit for this light sensor
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_MOVING_DISTANCE): sensor.sensor_schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_SIGNAL,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CENTIMETER,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_MOVING_ENERGY): sensor.sensor_schema(
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_STILL_DISTANCE): sensor.sensor_schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_SIGNAL,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CENTIMETER,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_STILL_ENERGY): sensor.sensor_schema(
-            filters=[
-                {
-                    "timeout": {
-                        "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                        "value": "last",
-                    }
-                },
-                {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
-            ],
+            filters=[{"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}],
             icon=ICON_FLASH,
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
         ),
@@ -122,13 +74,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
                 cv.Optional(CONF_MOVE_ENERGY): sensor.sensor_schema(
                     entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
                     filters=[
-                        {
-                            "timeout": {
-                                "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                                "value": "last",
-                            }
-                        },
-                        {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
+                        {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}
                     ],
                     icon=ICON_MOTION_SENSOR,
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,
@@ -136,13 +82,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
                 cv.Optional(CONF_STILL_ENERGY): sensor.sensor_schema(
                     entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
                     filters=[
-                        {
-                            "timeout": {
-                                "timeout": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000),
-                                "value": "last",
-                            }
-                        },
-                        {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)},
+                        {"throttle_with_priority": cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1000)}
                     ],
                     icon=ICON_FLASH,
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,

esphome/components/logger/__init__.py

@@ -365,8 +365,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == USB_CDC:
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_CONSOLE_USB_CDC", True)
+            cg.add_define("USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC")
         elif config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == USB_SERIAL_JTAG:
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_CONSOLE_USB_SERIAL_JTAG", True)
+            cg.add_define("USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_SERIAL_JTAG")
     try:
         uart_selection(USB_SERIAL_JTAG)
         cg.add_define("USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG")

esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp

@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ void HOT Logger::log_vprintf_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const ch
     uint16_t buffer_at = 0;                         // Initialize buffer position
     this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(level, tag, line, format, args, console_buffer, &buffer_at,
                                                 MAX_CONSOLE_LOG_MSG_SIZE);
-    this->write_msg_(console_buffer);
+    // Add newline if platform needs it (ESP32 doesn't add via write_msg_)
+    this->add_newline_to_buffer_if_needed_(console_buffer, &buffer_at, MAX_CONSOLE_LOG_MSG_SIZE);
+    this->write_msg_(console_buffer, buffer_at);
   }
 
   // Reset the recursion guard for this task
@@ -131,18 +133,19 @@ void Logger::log_vprintf_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const __Flas
 
   // Save the offset before calling format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_
   // since it will increment tx_buffer_at_ to the end of the formatted string
-  uint32_t msg_start = this->tx_buffer_at_;
+  uint16_t msg_start = this->tx_buffer_at_;
   this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(level, tag, line, this->tx_buffer_, args, this->tx_buffer_,
                                               &this->tx_buffer_at_, this->tx_buffer_size_);
 
-  // Write to console and send callback starting at the msg_start
-  if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {
-    this->write_msg_(this->tx_buffer_ + msg_start);
-  }
-  size_t msg_length =
+  uint16_t msg_length =
       this->tx_buffer_at_ - msg_start;  // Don't subtract 1 - tx_buffer_at_ is already at the null terminator position
+
+  // Callbacks get message first (before console write)
   this->log_callback_.call(level, tag, this->tx_buffer_ + msg_start, msg_length);
 
+  // Write to console starting at the msg_start
+  this->write_tx_buffer_to_console_(msg_start, &msg_length);
+
   global_recursion_guard_ = false;
 }
 #endif  // USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
@@ -209,9 +212,7 @@ void Logger::process_messages_() {
       // This ensures all log messages appear on the console in a clean, serialized manner
       // Note: Messages may appear slightly out of order due to async processing, but
       // this is preferred over corrupted/interleaved console output
-      if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {
-        this->write_msg_(this->tx_buffer_);
-      }
+      this->write_tx_buffer_to_console_();
     }
   } else {
     // No messages to process, disable loop if appropriate

esphome/components/logger/logger.h

@@ -71,6 +71,17 @@ static constexpr uint16_t MAX_HEADER_SIZE = 128;
 // "0x" + 2 hex digits per byte + '\0'
 static constexpr size_t MAX_POINTER_REPRESENTATION = 2 + sizeof(void *) * 2 + 1;
 
+// Platform-specific: does write_msg_ add its own newline?
+// false: Caller must add newline to buffer before calling write_msg_ (ESP32, ESP8266, LibreTiny)
+//        Allows single write call with newline included for efficiency
+// true:  write_msg_ adds newline itself via puts()/println() (other platforms)
+//        Newline should NOT be added to buffer
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY)
+static constexpr bool WRITE_MSG_ADDS_NEWLINE = false;
+#else
+static constexpr bool WRITE_MSG_ADDS_NEWLINE = true;
+#endif
+
 #if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_RP2040) || defined(USE_LIBRETINY) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
 /** Enum for logging UART selection
  *
@@ -173,7 +184,7 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 
  protected:
   void process_messages_();
-  void write_msg_(const char *msg);
+  void write_msg_(const char *msg, size_t len);
 
   // Format a log message with printf-style arguments and write it to a buffer with header, footer, and null terminator
   // It's the caller's responsibility to initialize buffer_at (typically to 0)
@@ -200,6 +211,35 @@ class Logger : public Component {
     }
   }
 
+  // Helper to add newline to buffer for platforms that need it
+  // Modifies buffer_at to include the newline
+  inline void HOT add_newline_to_buffer_if_needed_(char *buffer, uint16_t *buffer_at, uint16_t buffer_size) {
+    if constexpr (!WRITE_MSG_ADDS_NEWLINE) {
+      // Add newline - don't need to maintain null termination
+      // write_msg_ now always receives explicit length, so we can safely overwrite the null terminator
+      // This is safe because:
+      // 1. Callbacks already received the message (before we add newline)
+      // 2. write_msg_ receives the length explicitly (doesn't need null terminator)
+      if (*buffer_at < buffer_size) {
+        buffer[(*buffer_at)++] = '\n';
+      } else if (buffer_size > 0) {
+        // Buffer was full - replace last char with newline to ensure it's visible
+        buffer[buffer_size - 1] = '\n';
+        *buffer_at = buffer_size;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Helper to write tx_buffer_ to console if logging is enabled
+  // INTERNAL USE ONLY - offset > 0 requires length parameter to be non-null
+  inline void HOT write_tx_buffer_to_console_(uint16_t offset = 0, uint16_t *length = nullptr) {
+    if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {
+      uint16_t *len_ptr = length ? length : &this->tx_buffer_at_;
+      this->add_newline_to_buffer_if_needed_(this->tx_buffer_ + offset, len_ptr, this->tx_buffer_size_ - offset);
+      this->write_msg_(this->tx_buffer_ + offset, *len_ptr);
+    }
+  }
+
   // Helper to format and send a log message to both console and callbacks
   inline void HOT log_message_to_buffer_and_send_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format,
                                                   va_list args) {
@@ -208,10 +248,11 @@ class Logger : public Component {
     this->format_log_to_buffer_with_terminator_(level, tag, line, format, args, this->tx_buffer_, &this->tx_buffer_at_,
                                                 this->tx_buffer_size_);
 
-    if (this->baud_rate_ > 0) {
-      this->write_msg_(this->tx_buffer_);  // If logging is enabled, write to console
-    }
+    // Callbacks get message WITHOUT newline (for API/MQTT/syslog)
     this->log_callback_.call(level, tag, this->tx_buffer_, this->tx_buffer_at_);
+
+    // Console gets message WITH newline (if platform needs it)
+    this->write_tx_buffer_to_console_();
   }
 
   // Write the body of the log message to the buffer
@@ -425,7 +466,9 @@ class Logger : public Component {
     }
 
     // Update buffer_at with the formatted length (handle truncation)
-    uint16_t formatted_len = (ret >= remaining) ? remaining : ret;
+    // When vsnprintf truncates (ret >= remaining), it writes (remaining - 1) chars + null terminator
+    // When it doesn't truncate (ret < remaining), it writes ret chars + null terminator
+    uint16_t formatted_len = (ret >= remaining) ? (remaining - 1) : ret;
     *buffer_at += formatted_len;
 
     // Remove all trailing newlines right after formatting

esphome/components/logger/logger_esp32.cpp

@@ -121,25 +121,23 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
 }
 
-void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg) {
-  if (
-#if defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) && !defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG)
-      this->uart_ == UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
-#elif defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG) && !defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC)
-      this->uart_ == UART_SELECTION_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
-#elif defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC) && defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG)
-      this->uart_ == UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC || this->uart_ == UART_SELECTION_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
+void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, size_t len) {
+  // Length is now always passed explicitly - no strlen() fallback needed
+
+#if defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC) || defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_SERIAL_JTAG)
+  // USB CDC/JTAG - single write including newline (already in buffer)
+  // Use fwrite to stdout which goes through VFS to USB console
+  //
+  // Note: These defines indicate the user's YAML configuration choice (hardware_uart: USB_CDC/USB_SERIAL_JTAG).
+  // They are ONLY defined when the user explicitly selects USB as the logger output in their config.
+  // This is compile-time selection, not runtime detection - if USB is configured, it's always used.
+  // There is no fallback to regular UART if "USB isn't connected" - that's the user's responsibility
+  // to configure correctly for their hardware. This approach eliminates runtime overhead.
+  fwrite(msg, 1, len, stdout);
 #else
-      /* DISABLES CODE */ (false)  // NOLINT
+  // Regular UART - single write including newline (already in buffer)
+  uart_write_bytes(this->uart_num_, msg, len);
 #endif
-  ) {
-    puts(msg);
-  } else {
-    // Use tx_buffer_at_ if msg points to tx_buffer_, otherwise fall back to strlen
-    size_t len = (msg == this->tx_buffer_) ? this->tx_buffer_at_ : strlen(msg);
-    uart_write_bytes(this->uart_num_, msg, len);
-    uart_write_bytes(this->uart_num_, "\n", 1);
-  }
 }
 
 const LogString *Logger::get_uart_selection_() {

esphome/components/logger/logger_esp8266.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,10 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
 }
 
-void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg) { this->hw_serial_->println(msg); }
+void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, size_t len) {
+  // Single write with newline already in buffer (added by caller)
+  this->hw_serial_->write(msg, len);
+}
 
 const LogString *Logger::get_uart_selection_() {
   switch (this->uart_) {

esphome/components/logger/logger_host.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 namespace esphome::logger {
 
-void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg) {
+void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, size_t) {
   time_t rawtime;
   struct tm *timeinfo;
   char buffer[80];

esphome/components/logger/logger_libretiny.cpp

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
 }
 
-void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg) { this->hw_serial_->println(msg); }
+void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, size_t len) { this->hw_serial_->write(msg, len); }
 
 const LogString *Logger::get_uart_selection_() {
   switch (this->uart_) {

esphome/components/logger/logger_rp2040.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
 }
 
-void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg) { this->hw_serial_->println(msg); }
+void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, size_t) { this->hw_serial_->println(msg); }
 
 const LogString *Logger::get_uart_selection_() {
   switch (this->uart_) {

esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void Logger::pre_setup() {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Log initialized");
 }
 
-void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg) {
+void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, size_t) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
   printk("%s\n", msg);
 #endif

esphome/components/network/ip_address.h

@@ -118,10 +118,10 @@ struct IPAddress {
   operator arduino_ns::IPAddress() const { return ip_addr_get_ip4_u32(&ip_addr_); }
 #endif
 
-  bool is_set() { return !ip_addr_isany(&ip_addr_); }  // NOLINT(readability-simplify-boolean-expr)
-  bool is_ip4() { return IP_IS_V4(&ip_addr_); }
-  bool is_ip6() { return IP_IS_V6(&ip_addr_); }
-  bool is_multicast() { return ip_addr_ismulticast(&ip_addr_); }
+  bool is_set() const { return !ip_addr_isany(&ip_addr_); }  // NOLINT(readability-simplify-boolean-expr)
+  bool is_ip4() const { return IP_IS_V4(&ip_addr_); }
+  bool is_ip6() const { return IP_IS_V6(&ip_addr_); }
+  bool is_multicast() const { return ip_addr_ismulticast(&ip_addr_); }
   std::string str() const { return str_lower_case(ipaddr_ntoa(&ip_addr_)); }
   bool operator==(const IPAddress &other) const { return ip_addr_cmp(&ip_addr_, &other.ip_addr_); }
   bool operator!=(const IPAddress &other) const { return !ip_addr_cmp(&ip_addr_, &other.ip_addr_); }

esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ nrf52_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("nrf52")
 DeviceFirmwareUpdate = nrf52_ns.class_("DeviceFirmwareUpdate", cg.Component)
 
 CONF_DFU = "dfu"
+CONF_DCDC = "dcdc"
 CONF_REG0 = "reg0"
 CONF_UICR_ERASE = "uicr_erase"
 
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     cv.Required(CONF_RESET_PIN): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
                 }
             ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DCDC, default=True): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_REG0): cv.Schema(
                 {
                     cv.Required(CONF_VOLTAGE): cv.All(
@@ -196,6 +198,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
 
     if dfu_config := config.get(CONF_DFU):
         CORE.add_job(_dfu_to_code, dfu_config)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("BOARD_ENABLE_DCDC", config[CONF_DCDC])
 
     if reg0_config := config.get(CONF_REG0):
         value = VOLTAGE_LEVELS.index(reg0_config[CONF_VOLTAGE])

esphome/components/sntp/time.py

@@ -1,14 +1,9 @@
-import logging
-
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import time as time_
-from esphome.config_helpers import merge_config
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
-    CONF_PLATFORM,
     CONF_SERVERS,
-    CONF_TIME,
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
@@ -17,74 +12,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_RTL87XX,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE
-import esphome.final_validate as fv
-from esphome.types import ConfigType
-
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
-
-CONF_SNTP = "sntp"
-
 sntp_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("sntp")
 SNTPComponent = sntp_ns.class_("SNTPComponent", time_.RealTimeClock)
 
 DEFAULT_SERVERS = ["0.pool.ntp.org", "1.pool.ntp.org", "2.pool.ntp.org"]
 
-
-def _sntp_final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    """Merge multiple SNTP instances into one, similar to OTA merging behavior."""
-    full_conf = fv.full_config.get()
-    time_confs = full_conf.get(CONF_TIME, [])
-
-    sntp_configs: list[ConfigType] = []
-    other_time_configs: list[ConfigType] = []
-
-    for time_conf in time_confs:
-        if time_conf.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_SNTP:
-            sntp_configs.append(time_conf)
-        else:
-            other_time_configs.append(time_conf)
-
-    if len(sntp_configs) <= 1:
-        return
-
-    # Merge all SNTP configs into the first one
-    merged = sntp_configs[0]
-    for sntp_conf in sntp_configs[1:]:
-        # Validate that IDs are consistent if manually specified
-        if merged[CONF_ID].is_manual and sntp_conf[CONF_ID].is_manual:
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Found multiple SNTP configurations but {CONF_ID} is inconsistent"
-            )
-        merged = merge_config(merged, sntp_conf)
-
-    # Deduplicate servers while preserving order
-    servers = merged[CONF_SERVERS]
-    unique_servers = list(dict.fromkeys(servers))
-
-    # Warn if we're dropping servers due to 3-server limit
-    if len(unique_servers) > 3:
-        dropped = unique_servers[3:]
-        unique_servers = unique_servers[:3]
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            "SNTP supports maximum 3 servers. Dropped excess server(s): %s",
-            dropped,
-        )
-
-    merged[CONF_SERVERS] = unique_servers
-
-    _LOGGER.warning(
-        "Found and merged %d SNTP time configurations into one instance",
-        len(sntp_configs),
-    )
-
-    # Replace time configs with merged SNTP + other time platforms
-    other_time_configs.append(merged)
-    full_conf[CONF_TIME] = other_time_configs
-    fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
-
-
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     time_.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
         {
@@ -106,8 +40,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ),
 )
 
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _sntp_final_validate
-
 
 async def to_code(config):
     servers = config[CONF_SERVERS]

esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp8266.cpp

@@ -56,19 +56,11 @@ uint32_t ESP8266UartComponent::get_config() {
 }
 
 void ESP8266UartComponent::setup() {
-  auto setup_pin_if_needed = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
-    if (!pin) {
-      return;
-    }
-    const auto mask = gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN;
-    if ((pin->get_flags() & mask) != gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE) {
-      pin->setup();
-    }
-  };
-
-  setup_pin_if_needed(this->rx_pin_);
-  if (this->rx_pin_ != this->tx_pin_) {
-    setup_pin_if_needed(this->tx_pin_);
+  if (this->rx_pin_) {
+    this->rx_pin_->setup();
+  }
+  if (this->tx_pin_ && this->rx_pin_ != this->tx_pin_) {
+    this->tx_pin_->setup();
   }
 
   // Use Arduino HardwareSerial UARTs if all used pins match the ones

esphome/components/uart/uart_component_esp_idf.cpp

@@ -133,19 +133,11 @@ void IDFUARTComponent::load_settings(bool dump_config) {
     return;
   }
 
-  auto setup_pin_if_needed = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
-    if (!pin) {
-      return;
-    }
-    const auto mask = gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN;
-    if ((pin->get_flags() & mask) != gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE) {
-      pin->setup();
-    }
-  };
-
-  setup_pin_if_needed(this->rx_pin_);
-  if (this->rx_pin_ != this->tx_pin_) {
-    setup_pin_if_needed(this->tx_pin_);
+  if (this->rx_pin_) {
+    this->rx_pin_->setup();
+  }
+  if (this->tx_pin_ && this->rx_pin_ != this->tx_pin_) {
+    this->tx_pin_->setup();
   }
 
   int8_t tx = this->tx_pin_ != nullptr ? this->tx_pin_->get_pin() : -1;

esphome/components/uart/uart_component_libretiny.cpp

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void LibreTinyUARTComponent::setup() {
 
   auto shouldFallbackToSoftwareSerial = [&]() -> bool {
     auto hasFlags = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin, const gpio::Flags mask) -> bool {
-      return pin && (pin->get_flags() & mask) != gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE;
+      return pin && pin->get_flags() & mask != gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE;
     };
     if (hasFlags(this->tx_pin_, gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN) ||
         hasFlags(this->rx_pin_, gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN)) {

esphome/components/uart/uart_component_rp2040.cpp

@@ -52,19 +52,11 @@ uint16_t RP2040UartComponent::get_config() {
 }
 
 void RP2040UartComponent::setup() {
-  auto setup_pin_if_needed = [](InternalGPIOPin *pin) {
-    if (!pin) {
-      return;
-    }
-    const auto mask = gpio::Flags::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::Flags::FLAG_PULLDOWN;
-    if ((pin->get_flags() & mask) != gpio::Flags::FLAG_NONE) {
-      pin->setup();
-    }
-  };
-
-  setup_pin_if_needed(this->rx_pin_);
-  if (this->rx_pin_ != this->tx_pin_) {
-    setup_pin_if_needed(this->tx_pin_);
+  if (this->rx_pin_) {
+    this->rx_pin_->setup();
+  }
+  if (this->tx_pin_ && this->rx_pin_ != this->tx_pin_) {
+    this->tx_pin_->setup();
   }
 
   uint16_t config = get_config();

esphome/components/web_server/ota/__init__.py

@@ -1,17 +1,10 @@
-import logging
-
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_component
 from esphome.components.ota import BASE_OTA_SCHEMA, OTAComponent, ota_to_code
-from esphome.config_helpers import merge_config
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_OTA, CONF_PLATFORM, CONF_WEB_SERVER
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
-import esphome.final_validate as fv
-from esphome.types import ConfigType
-
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network", "web_server_base"]
@@ -19,53 +12,6 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["network", "web_server_base"]
 web_server_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("web_server")
 WebServerOTAComponent = web_server_ns.class_("WebServerOTAComponent", OTAComponent)
 
-
-def _web_server_ota_final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> None:
-    """Merge multiple web_server OTA instances into one.
-
-    Multiple web_server OTA instances register duplicate HTTP handlers for /update,
-    causing undefined behavior. Merge them into a single instance.
-    """
-    full_conf = fv.full_config.get()
-    ota_confs = full_conf.get(CONF_OTA, [])
-
-    web_server_ota_configs: list[ConfigType] = []
-    other_ota_configs: list[ConfigType] = []
-
-    for ota_conf in ota_confs:
-        if ota_conf.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_WEB_SERVER:
-            web_server_ota_configs.append(ota_conf)
-        else:
-            other_ota_configs.append(ota_conf)
-
-    if len(web_server_ota_configs) <= 1:
-        return
-
-    # Merge all web_server OTA configs into the first one
-    merged = web_server_ota_configs[0]
-    for ota_conf in web_server_ota_configs[1:]:
-        # Validate that IDs are consistent if manually specified
-        if (
-            merged[CONF_ID].is_manual
-            and ota_conf[CONF_ID].is_manual
-            and merged[CONF_ID] != ota_conf[CONF_ID]
-        ):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Found multiple web_server OTA configurations but {CONF_ID} is inconsistent"
-            )
-        merged = merge_config(merged, ota_conf)
-
-    _LOGGER.warning(
-        "Found and merged %d web_server OTA configurations into one instance",
-        len(web_server_ota_configs),
-    )
-
-    # Replace OTA configs with merged web_server + other OTA platforms
-    other_ota_configs.append(merged)
-    full_conf[CONF_OTA] = other_ota_configs
-    fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
-
-
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -76,8 +22,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 )
 
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _web_server_ota_final_validate
-
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB_SERVER_OTA)
 async def to_code(config):

esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp

@@ -489,18 +489,10 @@ AsyncEventSourceResponse::AsyncEventSourceResponse(const AsyncWebServerRequest *
 
 void AsyncEventSourceResponse::destroy(void *ptr) {
   auto *rsp = static_cast<AsyncEventSourceResponse *>(ptr);
-  int fd = rsp->fd_.exchange(0);  // Atomically get and clear fd
-
-  if (fd > 0) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Event source connection closed (fd: %d)", fd);
-    // Immediately shut down the socket to prevent lwIP from delivering more data
-    // This prevents "recv_tcp: recv for wrong pcb!" assertions when the TCP stack
-    // tries to deliver queued data after the session is marked as dead
-    // See: https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/11936
-    shutdown(fd, SHUT_RDWR);
-    // Note: We don't close() the socket - httpd owns it and will close it
-  }
-  // Session will be cleaned up in the main loop to avoid race conditions
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Event source connection closed (fd: %d)", rsp->fd_.load());
+  // Mark as dead by setting fd to 0 - will be cleaned up in the main loop
+  rsp->fd_.store(0);
+  // Note: We don't delete or remove from set here to avoid race conditions
 }
 
 // helper for allowing only unique entries in the queue

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp

@@ -670,25 +670,25 @@ void WiFiComponent::save_wifi_sta(const std::string &ssid, const std::string &pa
 
 void WiFiComponent::start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   // Log connection attempt at INFO level with priority
-  std::string bssid_formatted;
+  char bssid_s[18];
   int8_t priority = 0;
 
   if (ap.get_bssid().has_value()) {
-    bssid_formatted = format_mac_address_pretty(ap.get_bssid().value().data());
+    format_mac_addr_upper(ap.get_bssid().value().data(), bssid_s);
     priority = this->get_sta_priority(ap.get_bssid().value());
   }
 
   ESP_LOGI(TAG,
            "Connecting to " LOG_SECRET("'%s'") " " LOG_SECRET("(%s)") " (priority %d, attempt %u/%u in phase %s)...",
-           ap.get_ssid().c_str(), ap.get_bssid().has_value() ? bssid_formatted.c_str() : LOG_STR_LITERAL("any"),
-           priority, this->num_retried_ + 1, get_max_retries_for_phase(this->retry_phase_),
+           ap.get_ssid().c_str(), ap.get_bssid().has_value() ? bssid_s : LOG_STR_LITERAL("any"), priority,
+           this->num_retried_ + 1, get_max_retries_for_phase(this->retry_phase_),
            LOG_STR_ARG(retry_phase_to_log_string(this->retry_phase_)));
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Connection Params:");
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  SSID: '%s'", ap.get_ssid().c_str());
   if (ap.get_bssid().has_value()) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  BSSID: %s", format_mac_address_pretty(ap.get_bssid()->data()).c_str());
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  BSSID: %s", bssid_s);
   } else {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  BSSID: Not Set");
   }
@@ -797,6 +797,8 @@ const LogString *get_signal_bars(int8_t rssi) {
 
 void WiFiComponent::print_connect_params_() {
   bssid_t bssid = wifi_bssid();
+  char bssid_s[18];
+  format_mac_addr_upper(bssid.data(), bssid_s);
 
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Local MAC: %s", get_mac_address_pretty().c_str());
   if (this->is_disabled()) {
@@ -819,9 +821,9 @@ void WiFiComponent::print_connect_params_() {
                                                                            "  Gateway: %s\n"
                                                                            "  DNS1: %s\n"
                                                                            "  DNS2: %s",
-                wifi_ssid().c_str(), format_mac_address_pretty(bssid.data()).c_str(), App.get_name().c_str(), rssi,
-                LOG_STR_ARG(get_signal_bars(rssi)), get_wifi_channel(), wifi_subnet_mask_().str().c_str(),
-                wifi_gateway_ip_().str().c_str(), wifi_dns_ip_(0).str().c_str(), wifi_dns_ip_(1).str().c_str());
+                wifi_ssid().c_str(), bssid_s, App.get_name().c_str(), rssi, LOG_STR_ARG(get_signal_bars(rssi)),
+                get_wifi_channel(), wifi_subnet_mask_().str().c_str(), wifi_gateway_ip_().str().c_str(),
+                wifi_dns_ip_(0).str().c_str(), wifi_dns_ip_(1).str().c_str());
 #ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERBOSE
   if (const WiFiAP *config = this->get_selected_sta_(); config && config->get_bssid().has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Priority: %d", this->get_sta_priority(*config->get_bssid()));
@@ -1412,8 +1414,10 @@ void WiFiComponent::log_and_adjust_priority_for_failed_connect_() {
         (old_priority > std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::min()) ? (old_priority - 1) : std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::min();
     this->set_sta_priority(failed_bssid.value(), new_priority);
   }
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Failed " LOG_SECRET("'%s'") " " LOG_SECRET("(%s)") ", priority %d → %d", ssid.c_str(),
-           format_mac_address_pretty(failed_bssid.value().data()).c_str(), old_priority, new_priority);
+  char bssid_s[18];
+  format_mac_addr_upper(failed_bssid.value().data(), bssid_s);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Failed " LOG_SECRET("'%s'") " " LOG_SECRET("(%s)") ", priority %d → %d", ssid.c_str(), bssid_s,
+           old_priority, new_priority);
 
   // After adjusting priority, check if all priorities are now at minimum
   // If so, clear the vector to save memory and reset for fresh start

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h

@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   bool wifi_sta_pre_setup_();
   bool wifi_apply_output_power_(float output_power);
   bool wifi_apply_power_save_();
-  bool wifi_sta_ip_config_(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip);
+  bool wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip);
   bool wifi_apply_hostname_();
   bool wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap);
   void wifi_pre_setup_();
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
   bool wifi_scan_start_(bool passive);
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
-  bool wifi_ap_ip_config_(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip);
+  bool wifi_ap_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip);
   bool wifi_start_ap_(const WiFiAP &ap);
 #endif  // USE_WIFI_AP
 

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp8266.cpp

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ void netif_set_addr(struct netif *netif, const ip4_addr_t *ip, const ip4_addr_t
 };
 #endif
 
-bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) {
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   // enable STA
   if (!this->wifi_mode_(true, {}))
     return false;
@@ -525,8 +525,10 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback(System_Event_t *event) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%s' reason='Probe Request Unsuccessful'", buf);
         s_sta_connect_not_found = true;
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " reason='%s'", buf,
-                 format_mac_address_pretty(it.bssid).c_str(), LOG_STR_ARG(get_disconnect_reason_str(it.reason)));
+        char bssid_s[18];
+        format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, bssid_s);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " reason='%s'", buf, bssid_s,
+                 LOG_STR_ARG(get_disconnect_reason_str(it.reason)));
         s_sta_connect_error = true;
       }
       s_sta_connected = false;
@@ -730,7 +732,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_done_callback_(void *arg, STATUS status) {
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
-bool WiFiComponent::wifi_ap_ip_config_(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) {
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_ap_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   // enable AP
   if (!this->wifi_mode_({}, true))
     return false;

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp

@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) {
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   // enable STA
   if (!this->wifi_mode_(true, {}))
     return false;
@@ -746,8 +746,10 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(IDFWiFiEvent *data) {
       ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%s' reason='Station Roaming'", buf);
       return;
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " reason='%s'", buf,
-               format_mac_address_pretty(it.bssid).c_str(), get_disconnect_reason_str(it.reason));
+      char bssid_s[18];
+      format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, bssid_s);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " reason='%s'", buf, bssid_s,
+               get_disconnect_reason_str(it.reason));
       s_sta_connect_error = true;
     }
     s_sta_connected = false;
@@ -884,7 +886,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
-bool WiFiComponent::wifi_ap_ip_config_(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) {
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_ap_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   esp_err_t err;
 
   // enable AP

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_pre_setup_() {
   return true;
 }
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_apply_power_save_() { return WiFi.setSleep(this->power_save_ != WIFI_POWER_SAVE_NONE); }
-bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) {
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   // enable STA
   if (!this->wifi_mode_(true, {}))
     return false;
@@ -299,8 +299,10 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_event_callback_(esphome_wifi_event_id_t event, esphome_
       if (it.reason == WIFI_REASON_NO_AP_FOUND) {
         ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%s' reason='Probe Request Unsuccessful'", buf);
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " reason='%s'", buf,
-                 format_mac_address_pretty(it.bssid).c_str(), get_disconnect_reason_str(it.reason));
+        char bssid_s[18];
+        format_mac_addr_upper(it.bssid, bssid_s);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Disconnected ssid='%s' bssid=" LOG_SECRET("%s") " reason='%s'", buf, bssid_s,
+                 get_disconnect_reason_str(it.reason));
       }
 
       uint8_t reason = it.reason;
@@ -434,7 +436,7 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_done_callback_() {
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
-bool WiFiComponent::wifi_ap_ip_config_(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) {
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_ap_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   // enable AP
   if (!this->wifi_mode_({}, true))
     return false;

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_pico_w.cpp

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_connect_(const WiFiAP &ap) {
 
 bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_pre_setup_() { return this->wifi_mode_(true, {}); }
 
-bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) {
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_sta_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   if (!manual_ip.has_value()) {
     return true;
   }
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ bool WiFiComponent::wifi_scan_start_(bool passive) {
 }
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
-bool WiFiComponent::wifi_ap_ip_config_(optional<ManualIP> manual_ip) {
+bool WiFiComponent::wifi_ap_ip_config_(const optional<ManualIP> &manual_ip) {
   esphome::network::IPAddress ip_address, gateway, subnet, dns;
   if (manual_ip.has_value()) {
     ip_address = manual_ip->static_ip;

esphome/const.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2025.11.0b3"
+__version__ = "2025.12.0-dev"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (

esphome/core/scheduler.cpp

@@ -609,12 +609,13 @@ uint64_t Scheduler::millis_64_(uint32_t now) {
   if (now < last && (last - now) > HALF_MAX_UINT32) {
     this->millis_major_++;
     major++;
-    this->last_millis_ = now;
 #ifdef ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Detected true 32-bit rollover at %" PRIu32 "ms (was %" PRIu32 ")", now, last);
 #endif /* ESPHOME_DEBUG_SCHEDULER */
-  } else if (now > last) {
-    // Only update if time moved forward
+  }
+
+  // Only update if time moved forward
+  if (now > last) {
     this->last_millis_ = now;
   }
 

requirements_test.txt

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-pylint==4.0.2
+pylint==4.0.3
 flake8==7.3.0  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
-ruff==0.14.4  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
+ruff==0.14.5  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pyupgrade==3.21.1  # also change in .pre-commit-config.yaml when updating
 pre-commit
 
 # Unit tests
-pytest==9.0.0
+pytest==9.0.1
 pytest-cov==7.0.0
 pytest-mock==3.15.1
 pytest-asyncio==1.3.0

tests/component_tests/ota/test_web_server_ota.py

@@ -1,18 +1,6 @@
 """Tests for the web_server OTA platform."""
 
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 from collections.abc import Callable
-import logging
-from typing import Any
-
-import pytest
-
-from esphome import config_validation as cv
-from esphome.components.web_server.ota import _web_server_ota_final_validate
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_OTA, CONF_PLATFORM, CONF_WEB_SERVER
-from esphome.core import ID
-import esphome.final_validate as fv
 
 
 def test_web_server_ota_generated(generate_main: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
@@ -112,144 +100,3 @@ def test_web_server_ota_esp8266(generate_main: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
     # Check web server OTA component is present
     assert "WebServerOTAComponent" in main_cpp
     assert "web_server::WebServerOTAComponent" in main_cpp
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("ota_configs", "expected_count", "warning_expected"),
-    [
-        pytest.param(
-            [
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_WEB_SERVER,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("ota_web", is_manual=False),
-                }
-            ],
-            1,
-            False,
-            id="single_instance_no_merge",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            [
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_WEB_SERVER,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("ota_web_1", is_manual=False),
-                },
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_WEB_SERVER,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("ota_web_2", is_manual=False),
-                },
-            ],
-            1,
-            True,
-            id="two_instances_merged",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            [
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_WEB_SERVER,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("ota_web_1", is_manual=False),
-                },
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: "esphome",
-                    CONF_ID: ID("ota_esphome", is_manual=False),
-                },
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_WEB_SERVER,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("ota_web_2", is_manual=False),
-                },
-            ],
-            2,
-            True,
-            id="mixed_platforms_web_server_merged",
-        ),
-    ],
-)
-def test_web_server_ota_instance_merging(
-    ota_configs: list[dict[str, Any]],
-    expected_count: int,
-    warning_expected: bool,
-    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
-) -> None:
-    """Test web_server OTA instance merging behavior."""
-    full_conf = {CONF_OTA: ota_configs.copy()}
-
-    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
-    try:
-        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
-            _web_server_ota_final_validate({})
-
-        updated_conf = fv.full_config.get()
-
-        # Verify total number of OTA platforms
-        assert len(updated_conf[CONF_OTA]) == expected_count
-
-        # Verify warning
-        if warning_expected:
-            assert any(
-                "Found and merged" in record.message
-                and "web_server OTA" in record.message
-                for record in caplog.records
-            ), "Expected merge warning not found in log"
-        else:
-            assert len(caplog.records) == 0, "Unexpected warnings logged"
-    finally:
-        fv.full_config.reset(token)
-
-
-def test_web_server_ota_consistent_manual_ids(
-    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
-) -> None:
-    """Test that consistent manual IDs can be merged successfully."""
-    ota_configs = [
-        {
-            CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_WEB_SERVER,
-            CONF_ID: ID("ota_web", is_manual=True),
-        },
-        {
-            CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_WEB_SERVER,
-            CONF_ID: ID("ota_web", is_manual=True),
-        },
-    ]
-
-    full_conf = {CONF_OTA: ota_configs}
-
-    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
-    try:
-        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
-            _web_server_ota_final_validate({})
-
-        updated_conf = fv.full_config.get()
-        assert len(updated_conf[CONF_OTA]) == 1
-        assert updated_conf[CONF_OTA][0][CONF_ID].id == "ota_web"
-        assert any(
-            "Found and merged" in record.message and "web_server OTA" in record.message
-            for record in caplog.records
-        )
-    finally:
-        fv.full_config.reset(token)
-
-
-def test_web_server_ota_inconsistent_manual_ids() -> None:
-    """Test that inconsistent manual IDs raise an error."""
-    ota_configs = [
-        {
-            CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_WEB_SERVER,
-            CONF_ID: ID("ota_web_1", is_manual=True),
-        },
-        {
-            CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_WEB_SERVER,
-            CONF_ID: ID("ota_web_2", is_manual=True),
-        },
-    ]
-
-    full_conf = {CONF_OTA: ota_configs}
-
-    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
-    try:
-        with pytest.raises(
-            cv.Invalid,
-            match="Found multiple web_server OTA configurations but id is inconsistent",
-        ):
-            _web_server_ota_final_validate({})
-    finally:
-        fv.full_config.reset(token)

tests/component_tests/sntp/__init__.py

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for SNTP component."""

tests/component_tests/sntp/config/sntp_test.yaml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-esphome:
-  name: sntp-test
-
-esp32:
-  board: esp32dev
-  framework:
-    type: esp-idf
-
-wifi:
-  ssid: "testssid"
-  password: "testpassword"
-
-# Test multiple SNTP instances that should be merged
-time:
-  - platform: sntp
-    servers:
-      - 192.168.1.1
-      - pool.ntp.org
-  - platform: sntp
-    servers:
-      - pool.ntp.org
-      - 192.168.1.2

tests/component_tests/sntp/test_init.py

@@ -1,238 +0,0 @@
-"""Tests for SNTP time configuration validation."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import logging
-from typing import Any
-
-import pytest
-
-from esphome import config_validation as cv
-from esphome.components.sntp.time import CONF_SNTP, _sntp_final_validate
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PLATFORM, CONF_SERVERS, CONF_TIME
-from esphome.core import ID
-import esphome.final_validate as fv
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("time_configs", "expected_count", "expected_servers", "warning_messages"),
-    [
-        pytest.param(
-            [
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time", is_manual=False),
-                    CONF_SERVERS: ["192.168.1.1", "pool.ntp.org"],
-                }
-            ],
-            1,
-            ["192.168.1.1", "pool.ntp.org"],
-            [],
-            id="single_instance_no_merge",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            [
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_1", is_manual=False),
-                    CONF_SERVERS: ["192.168.1.1", "pool.ntp.org"],
-                },
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_2", is_manual=False),
-                    CONF_SERVERS: ["192.168.1.2"],
-                },
-            ],
-            1,
-            ["192.168.1.1", "pool.ntp.org", "192.168.1.2"],
-            ["Found and merged 2 SNTP time configurations into one instance"],
-            id="two_instances_merged",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            [
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_1", is_manual=False),
-                    CONF_SERVERS: ["192.168.1.1", "pool.ntp.org"],
-                },
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_2", is_manual=False),
-                    CONF_SERVERS: ["pool.ntp.org", "192.168.1.2"],
-                },
-            ],
-            1,
-            ["192.168.1.1", "pool.ntp.org", "192.168.1.2"],
-            ["Found and merged 2 SNTP time configurations into one instance"],
-            id="deduplication_preserves_order",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            [
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_1", is_manual=False),
-                    CONF_SERVERS: ["192.168.1.1", "pool.ntp.org"],
-                },
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_2", is_manual=False),
-                    CONF_SERVERS: ["192.168.1.2", "pool2.ntp.org"],
-                },
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_3", is_manual=False),
-                    CONF_SERVERS: ["pool3.ntp.org"],
-                },
-            ],
-            1,
-            ["192.168.1.1", "pool.ntp.org", "192.168.1.2"],
-            [
-                "SNTP supports maximum 3 servers. Dropped excess server(s): ['pool2.ntp.org', 'pool3.ntp.org']",
-                "Found and merged 3 SNTP time configurations into one instance",
-            ],
-            id="three_instances_drops_excess_servers",
-        ),
-        pytest.param(
-            [
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_1", is_manual=False),
-                    CONF_SERVERS: [
-                        "192.168.1.1",
-                        "pool.ntp.org",
-                        "pool.ntp.org",
-                        "192.168.1.1",
-                    ],
-                },
-                {
-                    CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-                    CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_2", is_manual=False),
-                    CONF_SERVERS: ["pool.ntp.org", "192.168.1.2"],
-                },
-            ],
-            1,
-            ["192.168.1.1", "pool.ntp.org", "192.168.1.2"],
-            ["Found and merged 2 SNTP time configurations into one instance"],
-            id="deduplication_multiple_duplicates",
-        ),
-    ],
-)
-def test_sntp_instance_merging(
-    time_configs: list[dict[str, Any]],
-    expected_count: int,
-    expected_servers: list[str],
-    warning_messages: list[str],
-    caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture,
-) -> None:
-    """Test SNTP instance merging behavior."""
-    # Create a mock full config with time configs
-    full_conf = {CONF_TIME: time_configs.copy()}
-
-    # Set the context var
-    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
-    try:
-        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
-            _sntp_final_validate({})
-
-        # Get the updated config
-        updated_conf = fv.full_config.get()
-
-        # Check if merging occurred
-        if len(time_configs) > 1:
-            # Verify only one SNTP instance remains
-            sntp_instances = [
-                tc
-                for tc in updated_conf[CONF_TIME]
-                if tc.get(CONF_PLATFORM) == CONF_SNTP
-            ]
-            assert len(sntp_instances) == expected_count
-
-            # Verify server list
-            assert sntp_instances[0][CONF_SERVERS] == expected_servers
-
-            # Verify warnings
-            for expected_msg in warning_messages:
-                assert any(
-                    expected_msg in record.message for record in caplog.records
-                ), f"Expected warning message '{expected_msg}' not found in log"
-        else:
-            # Single instance should not trigger merging or warnings
-            assert len(caplog.records) == 0
-            # Config should be unchanged
-            assert updated_conf[CONF_TIME] == time_configs
-    finally:
-        fv.full_config.reset(token)
-
-
-def test_sntp_inconsistent_manual_ids() -> None:
-    """Test that inconsistent manual IDs raise an error."""
-    # Create configs with manual IDs that are inconsistent
-    time_configs = [
-        {
-            CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-            CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_1", is_manual=True),
-            CONF_SERVERS: ["192.168.1.1"],
-        },
-        {
-            CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-            CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_2", is_manual=True),
-            CONF_SERVERS: ["192.168.1.2"],
-        },
-    ]
-
-    full_conf = {CONF_TIME: time_configs}
-
-    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
-    try:
-        with pytest.raises(
-            cv.Invalid,
-            match="Found multiple SNTP configurations but id is inconsistent",
-        ):
-            _sntp_final_validate({})
-    finally:
-        fv.full_config.reset(token)
-
-
-def test_sntp_with_other_time_platforms(caplog: pytest.LogCaptureFixture) -> None:
-    """Test that SNTP merging doesn't affect other time platforms."""
-    time_configs = [
-        {
-            CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-            CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_1", is_manual=False),
-            CONF_SERVERS: ["192.168.1.1"],
-        },
-        {
-            CONF_PLATFORM: "homeassistant",
-            CONF_ID: ID("homeassistant_time", is_manual=False),
-        },
-        {
-            CONF_PLATFORM: CONF_SNTP,
-            CONF_ID: ID("sntp_time_2", is_manual=False),
-            CONF_SERVERS: ["192.168.1.2"],
-        },
-    ]
-
-    full_conf = {CONF_TIME: time_configs.copy()}
-
-    token = fv.full_config.set(full_conf)
-    try:
-        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING):
-            _sntp_final_validate({})
-
-        updated_conf = fv.full_config.get()
-
-        # Should have 2 time platforms: 1 merged SNTP + 1 homeassistant
-        assert len(updated_conf[CONF_TIME]) == 2
-
-        # Find the platforms
-        platforms = {tc[CONF_PLATFORM] for tc in updated_conf[CONF_TIME]}
-        assert platforms == {CONF_SNTP, "homeassistant"}
-
-        # Verify SNTP was merged
-        sntp_instances = [
-            tc for tc in updated_conf[CONF_TIME] if tc[CONF_PLATFORM] == CONF_SNTP
-        ]
-        assert len(sntp_instances) == 1
-        assert sntp_instances[0][CONF_SERVERS] == ["192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.2"]
-    finally:
-        fv.full_config.reset(token)

tests/components/nrf52/test.nrf52-adafruit.yaml

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ nrf52:
       inverted: true
       mode:
         output: true
+  dcdc: False
   reg0:
     voltage: 2.1V
     uicr_erase: true