Merge upstream/dev into web_server_idf_heap

Resolve conflict in utils.cpp: use query_len parameter (from dev)
instead of query_url.size() (query_url is const char*, not string).

esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py

@@ -397,38 +397,47 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
             return pioenvs_dir
         return None
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _parse_nm_cswtch_output(
-        output: str,
-        base_dir: Path | None,
-        cswtch_map: dict[str, list[tuple[str, int]]],
-    ) -> None:
-        """Parse nm output for CSWTCH symbols and add to cswtch_map.
+    def _scan_cswtch_in_objects(
+        self, obj_dir: Path
+    ) -> dict[str, list[tuple[str, int]]]:
+        """Scan object files for CSWTCH symbols using a single nm invocation.
 
-        Handles both ``.o`` files and ``.a`` archives.
-
-        nm output formats::
-
-            .o files:  /path/file.o:hex_addr hex_size type name
-            .a files:  /path/lib.a:member.o:hex_addr hex_size type name
-
-        For ``.o`` files, paths are made relative to *base_dir* when possible.
-        For ``.a`` archives (detected by ``:`` in the file portion), paths are
-        formatted as ``archive_stem/member.o`` (e.g. ``liblwip2-536-feat/lwip-esp.o``).
+        Uses ``nm --print-file-name -S`` on all ``.o`` files at once.
+        Output format: ``/path/to/file.o:address size type name``
 
         Args:
-            output: Raw stdout from ``nm --print-file-name -S``.
-            base_dir: Base directory for computing relative paths of ``.o`` files.
-                      Pass ``None`` when scanning archives outside the build tree.
-            cswtch_map: Dict to populate, mapping ``"CSWTCH$N:size"`` to source list.
+            obj_dir: Directory containing object files (.pioenvs/<env>/)
+
+        Returns:
+            Dict mapping "CSWTCH$NNN:size" to list of (source_file, size) tuples.
         """
-        for line in output.splitlines():
+        cswtch_map: dict[str, list[tuple[str, int]]] = defaultdict(list)
+
+        if not self.nm_path:
+            return cswtch_map
+
+        # Find all .o files recursively, sorted for deterministic output
+        obj_files = sorted(obj_dir.rglob("*.o"))
+        if not obj_files:
+            return cswtch_map
+
+        _LOGGER.debug("Scanning %d object files for CSWTCH symbols", len(obj_files))
+
+        # Single nm call with --print-file-name for all object files
+        result = run_tool(
+            [self.nm_path, "--print-file-name", "-S"] + [str(f) for f in obj_files],
+            timeout=30,
+        )
+        if result is None or result.returncode != 0:
+            return cswtch_map
+
+        for line in result.stdout.splitlines():
             if "CSWTCH$" not in line:
                 continue
 
             # Split on last ":" that precedes a hex address.
-            # For .o:  "filepath.o" : "hex_addr hex_size type name"
-            # For .a:  "filepath.a:member.o" : "hex_addr hex_size type name"
+            # nm --print-file-name format: filepath:hex_addr hex_size type name
+            # We split from the right: find the last colon followed by hex digits.
             parts_after_colon = line.rsplit(":", 1)
             if len(parts_after_colon) != 2:
                 continue
@@ -448,89 +457,16 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
             except ValueError:
                 continue
 
-            # Determine readable source path
-            # Use ".a:" to detect archive format (not bare ":" which matches
-            # Windows drive letters like "C:\...\file.o").
-            if ".a:" in file_path:
-                # Archive format: "archive.a:member.o" → "archive_stem/member.o"
-                archive_part, member = file_path.rsplit(":", 1)
-                archive_name = Path(archive_part).stem
-                rel_path = f"{archive_name}/{member}"
-            elif base_dir is not None:
-                try:
-                    rel_path = str(Path(file_path).relative_to(base_dir))
-                except ValueError:
-                    rel_path = file_path
-            else:
+            # Get relative path from obj_dir for readability
+            try:
+                rel_path = str(Path(file_path).relative_to(obj_dir))
+            except ValueError:
                 rel_path = file_path
 
             key = f"{sym_name}:{size}"
             cswtch_map[key].append((rel_path, size))
 
-    def _run_nm_cswtch_scan(
-        self,
-        files: list[Path],
-        base_dir: Path | None,
-        cswtch_map: dict[str, list[tuple[str, int]]],
-    ) -> None:
-        """Run nm on *files* and add any CSWTCH symbols to *cswtch_map*.
-
-        Args:
-            files: Object (``.o``) or archive (``.a``) files to scan.
-            base_dir: Base directory for relative path computation (see
-                      :meth:`_parse_nm_cswtch_output`).
-            cswtch_map: Dict to populate with results.
-        """
-        if not self.nm_path or not files:
-            return
-
-        _LOGGER.debug("Scanning %d files for CSWTCH symbols", len(files))
-
-        result = run_tool(
-            [self.nm_path, "--print-file-name", "-S"] + [str(f) for f in files],
-            timeout=30,
-        )
-        if result is None or result.returncode != 0:
-            _LOGGER.debug(
-                "nm failed or timed out scanning %d files for CSWTCH symbols",
-                len(files),
-            )
-            return
-
-        self._parse_nm_cswtch_output(result.stdout, base_dir, cswtch_map)
-
-    def _scan_cswtch_in_sdk_archives(
-        self, cswtch_map: dict[str, list[tuple[str, int]]]
-    ) -> None:
-        """Scan SDK library archives (.a) for CSWTCH symbols.
-
-        Prebuilt SDK libraries (e.g. lwip, bearssl) are not compiled from source,
-        so their CSWTCH symbols only exist inside ``.a`` archives.  Results are
-        merged into *cswtch_map* for keys not already found in ``.o`` files.
-
-        The same source file (e.g. ``lwip-esp.o``) often appears in multiple
-        library variants (``liblwip2-536.a``, ``liblwip2-1460-feat.a``, etc.),
-        so results are deduplicated by member name.
-        """
-        sdk_dirs = self._find_sdk_library_dirs()
-        if not sdk_dirs:
-            return
-
-        sdk_archives = sorted(a for sdk_dir in sdk_dirs for a in sdk_dir.glob("*.a"))
-
-        sdk_map: dict[str, list[tuple[str, int]]] = defaultdict(list)
-        self._run_nm_cswtch_scan(sdk_archives, None, sdk_map)
-
-        # Merge SDK results, deduplicating by member name.
-        for key, sources in sdk_map.items():
-            if key in cswtch_map:
-                continue
-            seen: dict[str, tuple[str, int]] = {}
-            for path, sz in sources:
-                member = Path(path).name
-                if member not in seen:
-                    seen[member] = (path, sz)
-            cswtch_map[key] = list(seen.values())
+        return cswtch_map
 
     def _source_file_to_component(self, source_file: str) -> str:
         """Map a source object file path to its component name.
@@ -569,25 +505,17 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
 
         CSWTCH symbols are compiler-generated lookup tables for switch statements.
         They are local symbols, so the same name can appear in different object files.
-        This method scans .o files and SDK archives to attribute them to their
-        source components.
+        This method scans .o files to attribute them to their source components.
         """
         obj_dir = self._find_object_files_dir()
         if obj_dir is None:
             _LOGGER.debug("No object files directory found, skipping CSWTCH analysis")
             return
 
-        # Scan build-dir object files for CSWTCH symbols
-        cswtch_map: dict[str, list[tuple[str, int]]] = defaultdict(list)
-        self._run_nm_cswtch_scan(sorted(obj_dir.rglob("*.o")), obj_dir, cswtch_map)
-
-        # Also scan SDK library archives (.a) for CSWTCH symbols.
-        # Prebuilt SDK libraries (e.g. lwip, bearssl) are not compiled from source
-        # so their symbols only exist inside .a archives, not as loose .o files.
-        self._scan_cswtch_in_sdk_archives(cswtch_map)
-
+        # Scan object files for CSWTCH symbols
+        cswtch_map = self._scan_cswtch_in_objects(obj_dir)
         if not cswtch_map:
-            _LOGGER.debug("No CSWTCH symbols found in object files or SDK archives")
+            _LOGGER.debug("No CSWTCH symbols found in object files")
             return
 
         # Collect CSWTCH symbols from the ELF (already parsed in sections)

esphome/codegen.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 from esphome.cpp_generator import (  # noqa: F401
     ArrayInitializer,
     Expression,
-    FlashStringLiteral,
     LineComment,
     LogStringLiteral,
     MockObj,
@@ -88,7 +87,6 @@ from esphome.cpp_types import (  # noqa: F401
     size_t,
     std_ns,
     std_shared_ptr,
-    std_span,
     std_string,
     std_string_ref,
     std_vector,

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -524,24 +524,24 @@ async def homeassistant_service_to_code(
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, False)
-    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ACTION], args, cg.std_string)
+    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ACTION], args, None)
     cg.add(var.set_service(templ))
 
     # Initialize FixedVectors with exact sizes from config
     cg.add(var.init_data(len(config[CONF_DATA])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA].items():
-        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, cg.std_string)
-        cg.add(var.add_data(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
+        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        cg.add(var.add_data(key, templ))
 
     cg.add(var.init_data_template(len(config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE].items():
-        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, cg.std_string)
-        cg.add(var.add_data_template(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
+        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        cg.add(var.add_data_template(key, templ))
 
     cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
-        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, cg.std_string)
-        cg.add(var.add_variable(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
+        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        cg.add(var.add_variable(key, templ))
 
     if on_error := config.get(CONF_ON_ERROR):
         cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES")
@@ -609,24 +609,24 @@ async def homeassistant_event_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
-    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_EVENT], args, cg.std_string)
+    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_EVENT], args, None)
     cg.add(var.set_service(templ))
 
     # Initialize FixedVectors with exact sizes from config
     cg.add(var.init_data(len(config[CONF_DATA])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA].items():
-        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, cg.std_string)
-        cg.add(var.add_data(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
+        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        cg.add(var.add_data(key, templ))
 
     cg.add(var.init_data_template(len(config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_DATA_TEMPLATE].items():
-        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, cg.std_string)
-        cg.add(var.add_data_template(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
+        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        cg.add(var.add_data_template(key, templ))
 
     cg.add(var.init_variables(len(config[CONF_VARIABLES])))
     for key, value in config[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
-        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, cg.std_string)
-        cg.add(var.add_variable(cg.FlashStringLiteral(key), templ))
+        templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, None)
+        cg.add(var.add_variable(key, templ))
 
     return var
 
@@ -649,11 +649,11 @@ async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, arg
     cg.add_define("USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES")
     serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv, True)
-    cg.add(var.set_service(cg.FlashStringLiteral("esphome.tag_scanned")))
+    cg.add(var.set_service("esphome.tag_scanned"))
     # Initialize FixedVector with exact size (1 data field)
     cg.add(var.init_data(1))
     templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_TAG], args, cg.std_string)
-    cg.add(var.add_data(cg.FlashStringLiteral("tag_id"), templ))
+    cg.add(var.add_data("tag_id", templ))
     return var
 
 

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
 #endif
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::send_disconnect_response() {
+bool APIConnection::send_disconnect_response(const DisconnectRequest &msg) {
   // remote initiated disconnect_client
   // don't close yet, we still need to send the disconnect response
   // close will happen on next loop
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_disconnect_response() {
   DisconnectResponse resp;
   return this->send_message(resp, DisconnectResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 }
-void APIConnection::on_disconnect_response() {
+void APIConnection::on_disconnect_response(const DisconnectResponse &value) {
   this->helper_->close();
   this->flags_.remove = true;
 }
@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value) {
 void APIConnection::subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) {
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->subscribe_api_connection(this, msg.flags);
 }
-void APIConnection::unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements() {
+void APIConnection::unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(const UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) {
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->unsubscribe_api_connection(this);
 }
 void APIConnection::bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg) {
@@ -1121,7 +1121,8 @@ void APIConnection::bluetooth_gatt_notify(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg)
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->bluetooth_gatt_notify(msg);
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response() {
+bool APIConnection::send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response(
+    const SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest &msg) {
   bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->send_connections_free(this);
   return true;
 }
@@ -1490,12 +1491,12 @@ bool APIConnection::send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   return this->send_message(resp, HelloResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::send_ping_response() {
+bool APIConnection::send_ping_response(const PingRequest &msg) {
   PingResponse resp;
   return this->send_message(resp, PingResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 }
 
-bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response() {
+bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
   DeviceInfoResponse resp{};
   resp.name = StringRef(App.get_name());
   resp.friendly_name = StringRef(App.get_friendly_name());
@@ -1745,7 +1746,9 @@ bool APIConnection::send_noise_encryption_set_key_response(const NoiseEncryption
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-void APIConnection::subscribe_home_assistant_states() { state_subs_at_ = 0; }
+void APIConnection::subscribe_home_assistant_states(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) {
+  state_subs_at_ = 0;
+}
 #endif
 bool APIConnection::try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space) {
   if (this->flags_.remove)

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   void subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) override;
-  void unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements() override;
+  void unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(const UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) override;
 
   void bluetooth_device_request(const BluetoothDeviceRequest &msg) override;
   void bluetooth_gatt_read(const BluetoothGATTReadRequest &msg) override;
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   void bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor(const BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest &msg) override;
   void bluetooth_gatt_get_services(const BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest &msg) override;
   void bluetooth_gatt_notify(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg) override;
-  bool send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response() override;
+  bool send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response(const SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest &msg) override;
   void bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg) override;
 
 #endif
@@ -187,8 +187,8 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   void update_command(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 
-  void on_disconnect_response() override;
-  void on_ping_response() override {
+  void on_disconnect_response(const DisconnectResponse &value) override;
+  void on_ping_response(const PingResponse &value) override {
     // we initiated ping
     this->flags_.sent_ping = false;
   }
@@ -199,11 +199,11 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value) override;
 #endif
   bool send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) override;
-  bool send_disconnect_response() override;
-  bool send_ping_response() override;
-  bool send_device_info_response() override;
-  void list_entities() override { this->begin_iterator_(ActiveIterator::LIST_ENTITIES); }
-  void subscribe_states() override {
+  bool send_disconnect_response(const DisconnectRequest &msg) override;
+  bool send_ping_response(const PingRequest &msg) override;
+  bool send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) override;
+  void list_entities(const ListEntitiesRequest &msg) override { this->begin_iterator_(ActiveIterator::LIST_ENTITIES); }
+  void subscribe_states(const SubscribeStatesRequest &msg) override {
     this->flags_.state_subscription = true;
     // Start initial state iterator only if no iterator is active
     // If list_entities is running, we'll start initial_state when it completes
@@ -217,10 +217,12 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
       App.schedule_dump_config();
   }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-  void subscribe_homeassistant_services() override { this->flags_.service_call_subscription = true; }
+  void subscribe_homeassistant_services(const SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest &msg) override {
+    this->flags_.service_call_subscription = true;
+  }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-  void subscribe_home_assistant_states() override;
+  void subscribe_home_assistant_states(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp

@@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::log_receive_message_(const LogString *name, const
   DumpBuffer dump_buf;
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(name), msg.dump_to(dump_buf));
 }
-void APIServerConnectionBase::log_receive_message_(const LogString *name) {
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: {}", LOG_STR_ARG(name));
-}
 #endif
 
 void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {
@@ -32,52 +29,66 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       break;
     }
     case DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      DisconnectRequest msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_disconnect_request"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_disconnect_request"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_disconnect_request();
+      this->on_disconnect_request(msg);
       break;
     }
     case DisconnectResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      DisconnectResponse msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_disconnect_response"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_disconnect_response"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_disconnect_response();
+      this->on_disconnect_response(msg);
       break;
     }
     case PingRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      PingRequest msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_ping_request"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_ping_request"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_ping_request();
+      this->on_ping_request(msg);
       break;
     }
     case PingResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      PingResponse msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_ping_response"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_ping_response"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_ping_response();
+      this->on_ping_response(msg);
       break;
     }
     case DeviceInfoRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      DeviceInfoRequest msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_device_info_request"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_device_info_request"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_device_info_request();
+      this->on_device_info_request(msg);
       break;
     }
     case ListEntitiesRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      ListEntitiesRequest msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_list_entities_request"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_list_entities_request"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_list_entities_request();
+      this->on_list_entities_request(msg);
       break;
     }
     case SubscribeStatesRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      SubscribeStatesRequest msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_states_request"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_states_request"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_subscribe_states_request();
+      this->on_subscribe_states_request(msg);
       break;
     }
     case SubscribeLogsRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
@@ -135,10 +146,12 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
     case SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request();
+      this->on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request(msg);
       break;
     }
 #endif
@@ -153,10 +166,12 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
     }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
     case SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request();
+      this->on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(msg);
       break;
     }
 #endif
@@ -360,19 +375,23 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
     case SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request();
+      this->on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(msg);
       break;
     }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
     case UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest msg;
+      // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request"));
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request"), msg);
 #endif
-      this->on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request();
+      this->on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(msg);
       break;
     }
 #endif
@@ -628,29 +647,36 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
-void APIServerConnection::on_disconnect_request() {
-  if (!this->send_disconnect_response()) {
+void APIServerConnection::on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->send_disconnect_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
-void APIServerConnection::on_ping_request() {
-  if (!this->send_ping_response()) {
+void APIServerConnection::on_ping_request(const PingRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->send_ping_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
-void APIServerConnection::on_device_info_request() {
-  if (!this->send_device_info_response()) {
+void APIServerConnection::on_device_info_request(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->send_device_info_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
-void APIServerConnection::on_list_entities_request() { this->list_entities(); }
-void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_states_request() { this->subscribe_states(); }
+void APIServerConnection::on_list_entities_request(const ListEntitiesRequest &msg) { this->list_entities(msg); }
+void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_states_request(const SubscribeStatesRequest &msg) {
+  this->subscribe_states(msg);
+}
 void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &msg) { this->subscribe_logs(msg); }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request() { this->subscribe_homeassistant_services(); }
+void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request(
+    const SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest &msg) {
+  this->subscribe_homeassistant_services(msg);
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request() { this->subscribe_home_assistant_states(); }
+void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) {
+  this->subscribe_home_assistant_states(msg);
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 void APIServerConnection::on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) { this->execute_service(msg); }
@@ -767,15 +793,17 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNo
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request() {
-  if (!this->send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response()) {
+void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(
+    const SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-void APIServerConnection::on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request() {
-  this->unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements();
+void APIServerConnection::on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(
+    const UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) {
+  this->unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
  protected:
   void log_send_message_(const char *name, const char *dump);
   void log_receive_message_(const LogString *name, const ProtoMessage &msg);
-  void log_receive_message_(const LogString *name);
 
  public:
 #endif
@@ -29,15 +28,15 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 
   virtual void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &value){};
 
-  virtual void on_disconnect_request(){};
-  virtual void on_disconnect_response(){};
-  virtual void on_ping_request(){};
-  virtual void on_ping_response(){};
-  virtual void on_device_info_request(){};
+  virtual void on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &value){};
+  virtual void on_disconnect_response(const DisconnectResponse &value){};
+  virtual void on_ping_request(const PingRequest &value){};
+  virtual void on_ping_response(const PingResponse &value){};
+  virtual void on_device_info_request(const DeviceInfoRequest &value){};
 
-  virtual void on_list_entities_request(){};
+  virtual void on_list_entities_request(const ListEntitiesRequest &value){};
 
-  virtual void on_subscribe_states_request(){};
+  virtual void on_subscribe_states_request(const SubscribeStatesRequest &value){};
 
 #ifdef USE_COVER
   virtual void on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &value){};
@@ -62,14 +61,14 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-  virtual void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request(){};
+  virtual void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request(const SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
   virtual void on_homeassistant_action_response(const HomeassistantActionResponse &value){};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-  virtual void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(){};
+  virtual void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
@@ -148,11 +147,12 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(){};
+  virtual void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(const SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(){};
+  virtual void on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(
+      const UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
@@ -231,17 +231,17 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
  public:
   virtual bool send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) = 0;
-  virtual bool send_disconnect_response() = 0;
-  virtual bool send_ping_response() = 0;
-  virtual bool send_device_info_response() = 0;
-  virtual void list_entities() = 0;
-  virtual void subscribe_states() = 0;
+  virtual bool send_disconnect_response(const DisconnectRequest &msg) = 0;
+  virtual bool send_ping_response(const PingRequest &msg) = 0;
+  virtual bool send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) = 0;
+  virtual void list_entities(const ListEntitiesRequest &msg) = 0;
+  virtual void subscribe_states(const SubscribeStatesRequest &msg) = 0;
   virtual void subscribe_logs(const SubscribeLogsRequest &msg) = 0;
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-  virtual void subscribe_homeassistant_services() = 0;
+  virtual void subscribe_homeassistant_services(const SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-  virtual void subscribe_home_assistant_states() = 0;
+  virtual void subscribe_home_assistant_states(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   virtual void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) = 0;
@@ -331,10 +331,11 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   virtual void bluetooth_gatt_notify(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual bool send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response() = 0;
+  virtual bool send_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_response(
+      const SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  virtual void unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements() = 0;
+  virtual void unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(const UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   virtual void bluetooth_scanner_set_mode(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg) = 0;
@@ -362,17 +363,17 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
  protected:
   void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) override;
-  void on_disconnect_request() override;
-  void on_ping_request() override;
-  void on_device_info_request() override;
-  void on_list_entities_request() override;
-  void on_subscribe_states_request() override;
+  void on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_ping_request(const PingRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_device_info_request(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_list_entities_request(const ListEntitiesRequest &msg) override;
+  void on_subscribe_states_request(const SubscribeStatesRequest &msg) override;
   void on_subscribe_logs_request(const SubscribeLogsRequest &msg) override;
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-  void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request() override;
+  void on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request(const SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-  void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request() override;
+  void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
@@ -462,10 +463,11 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
   void on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(const BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request() override;
+  void on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(const SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
-  void on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request() override;
+  void on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(
+      const UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   void on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(const BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest &msg) override;

esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h

@@ -126,20 +126,6 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
     this->add_kv_(this->variables_, key, std::forward<V>(value));
   }
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  // On ESP8266, ESPHOME_F() returns __FlashStringHelper* (PROGMEM pointer).
-  // Store as const char* — populate_service_map copies from PROGMEM at play() time.
-  template<typename V> void add_data(const __FlashStringHelper *key, V &&value) {
-    this->add_kv_(this->data_, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
-  }
-  template<typename V> void add_data_template(const __FlashStringHelper *key, V &&value) {
-    this->add_kv_(this->data_template_, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
-  }
-  template<typename V> void add_variable(const __FlashStringHelper *key, V &&value) {
-    this->add_kv_(this->variables_, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
-  }
-#endif
-
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
   template<typename T> void set_response_template(T response_template) {
     this->response_template_ = response_template;
@@ -231,31 +217,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
                                    Ts... x) {
     dest.init(source.size());
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-    // On ESP8266, keys may be in PROGMEM (from ESPHOME_F in codegen) and
-    // FLASH_STRING values need copying via _P functions.
-    // Allocate storage for all keys + all values (2 entries per source item).
-    // strlen_P/memcpy_P handle both RAM and PROGMEM pointers safely.
-    value_storage.init(source.size() * 2);
-
-    for (auto &it : source) {
-      auto &kv = dest.emplace_back();
-
-      // Key: copy from possible PROGMEM
-      {
-        size_t key_len = strlen_P(it.key);
-        value_storage.push_back(std::string(key_len, '\0'));
-        memcpy_P(value_storage.back().data(), it.key, key_len);
-        kv.key = StringRef(value_storage.back());
-      }
-
-      // Value: value() handles FLASH_STRING via _P functions internally
-      value_storage.push_back(it.value.value(x...));
-      kv.value = StringRef(value_storage.back());
-    }
-#else
-    // On non-ESP8266, strings are directly readable from flash-mapped memory.
-    // Count non-static strings to allocate exact storage needed.
+    // Count non-static strings to allocate exact storage needed
     size_t lambda_count = 0;
     for (const auto &it : source) {
       if (!it.value.is_static_string()) {
@@ -269,15 +231,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
       kv.key = StringRef(it.key);
 
       if (it.value.is_static_string()) {
-        // Static string — pointer directly readable, zero allocation
+        // Static string from YAML - zero allocation
         kv.value = StringRef(it.value.get_static_string());
       } else {
-        // Lambda — evaluate and store result
+        // Lambda evaluation - store result, reference it
         value_storage.push_back(it.value.value(x...));
         kv.value = StringRef(value_storage.back());
       }
     }
-#endif
   }
 
   APIServer *parent_;

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -112,12 +112,8 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
     uint64_t result = buffer[0] & 0x7F;
     uint8_t bitpos = 7;
 
-    // A 64-bit varint is at most 10 bytes (ceil(64/7)). Reject overlong encodings
-    // to avoid undefined behavior from shifting uint64_t by >= 64 bits.
-    uint32_t max_len = std::min(len, uint32_t(10));
-
     // Start from the second byte since we've already processed the first
-    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < max_len; i++) {
+    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < len; i++) {
       uint8_t val = buffer[i];
       result |= uint64_t(val & 0x7F) << uint64_t(bitpos);
       bitpos += 7;

esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ void E131Component::setup() {
 }
 
 void E131Component::loop() {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> payload;
   E131Packet packet;
   int universe = 0;
   uint8_t buf[1460];
@@ -63,9 +64,11 @@ void E131Component::loop() {
   if (len == -1) {
     return;
   }
+  payload.resize(len);
+  memmove(&payload[0], buf, len);
 
-  if (!this->packet_(buf, (size_t) len, universe, packet)) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid packet received of size %zd.", len);
+  if (!this->packet_(payload, universe, packet)) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Invalid packet received of size %zu.", payload.size());
     return;
   }
 

esphome/components/e131/e131.h

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class E131Component : public esphome::Component {
   void set_method(E131ListenMethod listen_method) { this->listen_method_ = listen_method; }
 
  protected:
-  bool packet_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, int &universe, E131Packet &packet);
+  bool packet_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, int &universe, E131Packet &packet);
   bool process_(int universe, const E131Packet &packet);
   bool join_igmp_groups_();
   void join_(int universe);

esphome/components/e131/e131_packet.cpp

@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ void E131Component::leave_(int universe) {
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Left %d universe for E1.31.", universe);
 }
 
-bool E131Component::packet_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len, int &universe, E131Packet &packet) {
-  if (len < E131_MIN_PACKET_SIZE)
+bool E131Component::packet_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, int &universe, E131Packet &packet) {
+  if (data.size() < E131_MIN_PACKET_SIZE)
     return false;
 
-  auto *sbuff = reinterpret_cast<const E131RawPacket *>(data);
+  auto *sbuff = reinterpret_cast<const E131RawPacket *>(&data[0]);
 
   if (memcmp(sbuff->acn_id, ACN_ID, sizeof(sbuff->acn_id)) != 0)
     return false;

esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ void HOT Logger::write_msg_(const char *msg, uint16_t len) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
   // Requires the debug component and an active SWD connection.
   // It is used for pyocd rtt -t nrf52840
-  printk("%.*s", static_cast<int>(len), msg);
+  k_str_out(const_cast<char *>(msg), len);
 #endif
   if (this->uart_dev_ == nullptr) {
     return;

esphome/components/lps22/lps22.cpp

@@ -38,29 +38,22 @@ void LPS22Component::dump_config() {
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
-static constexpr uint32_t INTERVAL_READ = 0;
-
 void LPS22Component::update() {
   uint8_t value = 0x00;
   this->read_register(CTRL_REG2, &value, 1);
   value |= CTRL_REG2_ONE_SHOT_MASK;
   this->write_register(CTRL_REG2, &value, 1);
-  this->read_attempts_remaining_ = READ_ATTEMPTS;
-  this->set_interval(INTERVAL_READ, READ_INTERVAL, [this]() { this->try_read_(); });
+  this->set_retry(READ_INTERVAL, READ_ATTEMPTS, [this](uint8_t _) { return this->try_read_(); });
 }
 
-void LPS22Component::try_read_() {
+RetryResult LPS22Component::try_read_() {
   uint8_t value = 0x00;
   this->read_register(STATUS, &value, 1);
   const uint8_t expected_status_mask = STATUS_T_DA_MASK | STATUS_P_DA_MASK;
   if ((value & expected_status_mask) != expected_status_mask) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "STATUS not ready: %x", value);
-    if (--this->read_attempts_remaining_ == 0) {
-      this->cancel_interval(INTERVAL_READ);
-    }
-    return;
+    return RetryResult::RETRY;
   }
-  this->cancel_interval(INTERVAL_READ);
 
   if (this->temperature_sensor_ != nullptr) {
     uint8_t t_buf[2]{0};
@@ -75,6 +68,7 @@ void LPS22Component::try_read_() {
     uint32_t p_lsb = encode_uint24(p_buf[2], p_buf[1], p_buf[0]);
     this->pressure_sensor_->publish_state(PRESSURE_SCALE * static_cast<float>(p_lsb));
   }
+  return RetryResult::DONE;
 }
 
 }  // namespace lps22

esphome/components/lps22/lps22.h

@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@ class LPS22Component : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:
-  void try_read_();
-
   sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *pressure_sensor_{nullptr};
-  uint8_t read_attempts_remaining_{0};
+
+  RetryResult try_read_();
 };
 
 }  // namespace lps22

esphome/components/lvgl/schemas.py

@@ -436,7 +436,6 @@ def container_schema(widget_type: WidgetType, extras=None):
     schema = schema.extend(widget_type.schema)
 
     def validator(value):
-        value = value or {}
         return append_layout_schema(schema, value)(value)
 
     return validator

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp

@@ -34,7 +34,10 @@ inline char *append_char(char *p, char c) {
 // MQTT_COMPONENT_TYPE_MAX_LEN, MQTT_SUFFIX_MAX_LEN, and MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN are in mqtt_component.h.
 // ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN and OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN are defined in entity_base.h.
 // This ensures the stack buffers below are always large enough.
-// MQTT_DISCOVERY_PREFIX_MAX_LEN and MQTT_DISCOVERY_TOPIC_MAX_LEN are defined in mqtt_component.h
+static constexpr size_t DISCOVERY_PREFIX_MAX_LEN = 64;  // Validated in Python: cv.Length(max=64)
+// Format: prefix + "/" + type + "/" + name + "/" + object_id + "/config" + null
+static constexpr size_t DISCOVERY_TOPIC_MAX_LEN = DISCOVERY_PREFIX_MAX_LEN + 1 + MQTT_COMPONENT_TYPE_MAX_LEN + 1 +
+                                                  ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1 + OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN + 7 + 1;
 
 // Function implementation of LOG_MQTT_COMPONENT macro to reduce code size
 void log_mqtt_component(const char *tag, MQTTComponent *obj, bool state_topic, bool command_topic) {
@@ -51,15 +54,15 @@ void MQTTComponent::set_subscribe_qos(uint8_t qos) { this->subscribe_qos_ = qos;
 
 void MQTTComponent::set_retain(bool retain) { this->retain_ = retain; }
 
-StringRef MQTTComponent::get_discovery_topic_to_(std::span<char, MQTT_DISCOVERY_TOPIC_MAX_LEN> buf,
-                                                 const MQTTDiscoveryInfo &discovery_info) const {
+std::string MQTTComponent::get_discovery_topic_(const MQTTDiscoveryInfo &discovery_info) const {
   char sanitized_name[ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1];
   str_sanitize_to(sanitized_name, App.get_name().c_str());
   const char *comp_type = this->component_type();
   char object_id_buf[OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN];
   StringRef object_id = this->get_default_object_id_to_(object_id_buf);
 
-  char *p = buf.data();
+  char buf[DISCOVERY_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  char *p = buf;
 
   p = append_str(p, discovery_info.prefix.data(), discovery_info.prefix.size());
   p = append_char(p, '/');
@@ -69,9 +72,8 @@ StringRef MQTTComponent::get_discovery_topic_to_(std::span<char, MQTT_DISCOVERY_
   p = append_char(p, '/');
   p = append_str(p, object_id.c_str(), object_id.size());
   p = append_str(p, "/config", 7);
-  *p = '\0';
 
-  return StringRef(buf.data(), p - buf.data());
+  return std::string(buf, p - buf);
 }
 
 StringRef MQTTComponent::get_default_topic_for_to_(std::span<char, MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN> buf, const char *suffix,
@@ -180,19 +182,16 @@ bool MQTTComponent::publish_json(const char *topic, const json::json_build_t &f)
 bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
   const MQTTDiscoveryInfo &discovery_info = global_mqtt_client->get_discovery_info();
 
-  char discovery_topic_buf[MQTT_DISCOVERY_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
-  StringRef discovery_topic = this->get_discovery_topic_to_(discovery_topic_buf, discovery_info);
-
   if (discovery_info.clean) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Cleaning discovery", this->friendly_name_().c_str());
-    return global_mqtt_client->publish(discovery_topic.c_str(), "", 0, this->qos_, true);
+    return global_mqtt_client->publish(this->get_discovery_topic_(discovery_info), "", 0, this->qos_, true);
   }
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Sending discovery", this->friendly_name_().c_str());
 
   // NOLINTBEGIN(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   return global_mqtt_client->publish_json(
-      discovery_topic.c_str(),
+      this->get_discovery_topic_(discovery_info),
       [this](JsonObject root) {
         SendDiscoveryConfig config;
         config.state_topic = true;
@@ -205,7 +204,7 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
         }
 
         // Fields from EntityBase
-        root[MQTT_NAME] = this->get_entity()->has_own_name() ? this->friendly_name_() : StringRef();
+        root[MQTT_NAME] = this->get_entity()->has_own_name() ? this->friendly_name_() : "";
 
         if (this->is_disabled_by_default_())
           root[MQTT_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT] = false;
@@ -249,7 +248,7 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
         if (discovery_info.unique_id_generator == MQTT_MAC_ADDRESS_UNIQUE_ID_GENERATOR) {
           char friendly_name_hash[9];
           buf_append_printf(friendly_name_hash, sizeof(friendly_name_hash), 0, "%08" PRIx32,
-                            fnv1_hash(this->friendly_name_().c_str()));
+                            fnv1_hash(this->friendly_name_()));
           // Format: mac-component_type-hash (e.g. "aabbccddeeff-sensor-12345678")
           // MAC (12) + "-" (1) + domain (max 20) + "-" (1) + hash (8) + null (1) = 43
           char unique_id[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE + ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 11];
@@ -415,7 +414,7 @@ void MQTTComponent::schedule_resend_state() { this->resend_state_ = true; }
 bool MQTTComponent::is_connected_() const { return global_mqtt_client->is_connected(); }
 
 // Pull these properties from EntityBase if not overridden
-const StringRef &MQTTComponent::friendly_name_() const { return this->get_entity()->get_name(); }
+std::string MQTTComponent::friendly_name_() const { return this->get_entity()->get_name(); }
 StringRef MQTTComponent::get_default_object_id_to_(std::span<char, OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN> buf) const {
   return this->get_entity()->get_object_id_to(buf);
 }

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h

@@ -32,10 +32,6 @@ static constexpr size_t MQTT_TOPIC_PREFIX_MAX_LEN = 64;  // Validated in Python:
 // Format: prefix + "/" + type + "/" + object_id + "/" + suffix + null
 static constexpr size_t MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN =
     MQTT_TOPIC_PREFIX_MAX_LEN + 1 + MQTT_COMPONENT_TYPE_MAX_LEN + 1 + OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN + 1 + MQTT_SUFFIX_MAX_LEN + 1;
-static constexpr size_t MQTT_DISCOVERY_PREFIX_MAX_LEN = 64;  // Validated in Python: cv.Length(max=64)
-// Format: prefix + "/" + type + "/" + name + "/" + object_id + "/config" + null
-static constexpr size_t MQTT_DISCOVERY_TOPIC_MAX_LEN = MQTT_DISCOVERY_PREFIX_MAX_LEN + 1 + MQTT_COMPONENT_TYPE_MAX_LEN +
-                                                       1 + ESPHOME_DEVICE_NAME_MAX_LEN + 1 + OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN + 7 + 1;
 
 class MQTTComponent;  // Forward declaration
 void log_mqtt_component(const char *tag, MQTTComponent *obj, bool state_topic, bool command_topic);
@@ -267,9 +263,8 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
   void subscribe_json(const std::string &topic, const mqtt_json_callback_t &callback, uint8_t qos = 0);
 
  protected:
-  /// Helper method to get the discovery topic for this component into a buffer.
-  StringRef get_discovery_topic_to_(std::span<char, MQTT_DISCOVERY_TOPIC_MAX_LEN> buf,
-                                    const MQTTDiscoveryInfo &discovery_info) const;
+  /// Helper method to get the discovery topic for this component.
+  std::string get_discovery_topic_(const MQTTDiscoveryInfo &discovery_info) const;
 
   /** Get this components state/command/... topic into a buffer.
    *
@@ -293,7 +288,7 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
   virtual const EntityBase *get_entity() const = 0;
 
   /// Get the friendly name of this MQTT component.
-  const StringRef &friendly_name_() const;
+  std::string friendly_name_() const;
 
   /// Get the icon field of this component as StringRef
   StringRef get_icon_ref_() const;

esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp

@@ -396,9 +396,9 @@ static bool process_rolling_code(Provider &provider, PacketDecoder &decoder) {
 /**
  * Process a received packet
  */
-void PacketTransport::process_(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
+void PacketTransport::process_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
   auto ping_key_seen = !this->ping_pong_enable_;
-  PacketDecoder decoder(data.data(), data.size());
+  PacketDecoder decoder((data.data()), data.size());
   char namebuf[256]{};
   uint8_t byte;
   FuData rdata{};

esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.h

@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 #endif
 
-#include <map>
-#include <span>
 #include <vector>
+#include <map>
 
 /**
  * Providing packet encoding functions for exchanging data with a remote host.
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ class PacketTransport : public PollingComponent {
   virtual bool should_send() { return true; }
 
   // to be called by child classes when a data packet is received.
-  void process_(std::span<const uint8_t> data);
+  void process_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
   void send_data_(bool all);
   void flush_();
   void add_data_(uint8_t key, const char *id, float data);

esphome/components/udp/__init__.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from esphome.components.packet_transport import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_DATA, CONF_ID, CONF_PORT, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 from esphome.core import ID
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.cpp_generator import literal
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@clydebarrow"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["network"]
@@ -23,12 +23,8 @@ MULTI_CONF = True
 udp_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("udp")
 UDPComponent = udp_ns.class_("UDPComponent", cg.Component)
 UDPWriteAction = udp_ns.class_("UDPWriteAction", automation.Action)
-trigger_argname = "data"
-# Listener callback type (non-owning span from UDP component)
-listener_args = cg.std_span.template(cg.uint8.operator("const"))
-listener_argtype = [(listener_args, trigger_argname)]
-# Automation/trigger type (owned vector, safe for deferred actions like delay)
 trigger_args = cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8)
+trigger_argname = "data"
 trigger_argtype = [(trigger_args, trigger_argname)]
 
 CONF_ADDRESSES = "addresses"
@@ -122,13 +118,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             trigger_id, trigger_argtype, on_receive
         )
         trigger_lambda = await cg.process_lambda(
-            trigger.trigger(
-                cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8)(
-                    MockObj(trigger_argname).begin(),
-                    MockObj(trigger_argname).end(),
-                )
-            ),
-            listener_argtype,
+            trigger.trigger(literal(trigger_argname)), trigger_argtype
         )
         cg.add(var.add_listener(trigger_lambda))
         cg.add(var.set_should_listen())

esphome/components/udp/packet_transport/udp_transport.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ bool UDPTransport::should_send() { return network::is_connected(); }
 void UDPTransport::setup() {
   PacketTransport::setup();
   if (!this->providers_.empty() || this->is_encrypted_()) {
-    this->parent_->add_listener([this](std::span<const uint8_t> data) { this->process_(data); });
+    this->parent_->add_listener([this](std::vector<uint8_t> &buf) { this->process_(buf); });
   }
 }
 

esphome/components/udp/udp_component.cpp

@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ void UDPComponent::setup() {
 }
 
 void UDPComponent::loop() {
+  auto buf = std::vector<uint8_t>(MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
   if (this->should_listen_) {
-    std::array<uint8_t, MAX_PACKET_SIZE> buf;
     for (;;) {
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
       auto len = this->listen_socket_->read(buf.data(), buf.size());
@@ -116,9 +116,9 @@ void UDPComponent::loop() {
 #endif
       if (len <= 0)
         break;
-      size_t packet_len = static_cast<size_t>(len);
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received packet of length %zu", packet_len);
-      this->packet_listeners_.call(std::span<const uint8_t>(buf.data(), packet_len));
+      buf.resize(len);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Received packet of length %zu", len);
+      this->packet_listeners_.call(buf);
     }
   }
 }

esphome/components/udp/udp_component.h

@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@
 #ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_TCP
 #include <WiFiUdp.h>
 #endif
-#include <array>
 #include <initializer_list>
-#include <span>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::udp {
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ class UDPComponent : public Component {
   void set_broadcast_port(uint16_t port) { this->broadcast_port_ = port; }
   void set_should_broadcast() { this->should_broadcast_ = true; }
   void set_should_listen() { this->should_listen_ = true; }
-  void add_listener(std::function<void(std::span<const uint8_t>)> &&listener) {
+  void add_listener(std::function<void(std::vector<uint8_t> &)> &&listener) {
     this->packet_listeners_.add(std::move(listener));
   }
   void setup() override;
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ class UDPComponent : public Component {
   uint16_t broadcast_port_{};
   bool should_broadcast_{};
   bool should_listen_{};
-  CallbackManager<void(std::span<const uint8_t>)> packet_listeners_{};
+  CallbackManager<void(std::vector<uint8_t> &)> packet_listeners_{};
 
 #if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS) || defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS)
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> broadcast_socket_ = nullptr;

esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp

@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ WaterHeaterCall &WaterHeaterCall::set_away(bool away) {
   } else {
     this->state_ &= ~WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY;
   }
-  this->state_mask_ |= WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY;
   return *this;
 }
 
@@ -75,7 +74,6 @@ WaterHeaterCall &WaterHeaterCall::set_on(bool on) {
   } else {
     this->state_ &= ~WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON;
   }
-  this->state_mask_ |= WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON;
   return *this;
 }
 
@@ -94,11 +92,11 @@ void WaterHeaterCall::perform() {
   if (!std::isnan(this->target_temperature_high_)) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Target Temperature High: %.2f", this->target_temperature_high_);
   }
-  if (this->state_mask_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Away: %s", (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) ? "YES" : "NO");
+  if (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Away: YES");
   }
-  if (this->state_mask_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  On: %s", (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON) ? "YES" : "NO");
+  if (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  On: YES");
   }
   this->parent_->control(*this);
 }
@@ -139,17 +137,13 @@ void WaterHeaterCall::validate_() {
       this->target_temperature_high_ = NAN;
     }
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supports_away_mode()) {
-    if (this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Away mode not supported", this->parent_->get_name().c_str());
-    }
+  if ((this->state_ & WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY) && !traits.get_supports_away_mode()) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Away mode not supported", this->parent_->get_name().c_str());
     this->state_ &= ~WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY;
-    this->state_mask_ &= ~WATER_HEATER_STATE_AWAY;
   }
   // If ON/OFF not supported, device is always on - clear the flag silently
   if (!traits.has_feature_flags(WATER_HEATER_SUPPORTS_ON_OFF)) {
     this->state_ &= ~WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON;
-    this->state_mask_ &= ~WATER_HEATER_STATE_ON;
   }
 }
 

esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h

@@ -91,8 +91,6 @@ class WaterHeaterCall {
   float get_target_temperature_high() const { return this->target_temperature_high_; }
   /// Get state flags value
   uint32_t get_state() const { return this->state_; }
-  /// Get mask of state flags that are being changed
-  uint32_t get_state_mask() const { return this->state_mask_; }
 
  protected:
   void validate_();
@@ -102,7 +100,6 @@ class WaterHeaterCall {
   float target_temperature_low_{NAN};
   float target_temperature_high_{NAN};
   uint32_t state_{0};
-  uint32_t state_mask_{0};
 };
 
 struct WaterHeaterCallInternal : public WaterHeaterCall {
@@ -114,7 +111,6 @@ struct WaterHeaterCallInternal : public WaterHeaterCall {
     this->target_temperature_low_ = restore.target_temperature_low_;
     this->target_temperature_high_ = restore.target_temperature_high_;
     this->state_ = restore.state_;
-    this->state_mask_ = restore.state_mask_;
     return *this;
   }
 };

esphome/components/web_server_idf/multipart.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include "multipart_parser.h"
 
-namespace esphome::web_server_idf {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace web_server_idf {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "multipart";
 
@@ -248,5 +249,6 @@ std::string str_trim(const std::string &str) {
   return str.substr(start, end - start + 1);
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::web_server_idf
+}  // namespace web_server_idf
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif  // defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_WEBSERVER_OTA)

esphome/components/web_server_idf/multipart.h

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 
-namespace esphome::web_server_idf {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace web_server_idf {
 
 // Wrapper around zorxx/multipart-parser for ESP-IDF OTA uploads
 class MultipartReader {
@@ -80,5 +81,6 @@ bool parse_multipart_boundary(const char *content_type, const char **boundary_st
 // Trim whitespace from both ends of a string
 std::string str_trim(const std::string &str);
 
-}  // namespace esphome::web_server_idf
+}  // namespace web_server_idf
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif  // defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_WEBSERVER_OTA)

esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 
 #include "utils.h"
 
-namespace esphome::web_server_idf {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace web_server_idf {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "web_server_idf_utils";
 
@@ -118,5 +119,6 @@ const char *stristr(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::web_server_idf
+}  // namespace web_server_idf
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/web_server_idf/utils.h

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-namespace esphome::web_server_idf {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace web_server_idf {
 
 /// Decode URL-encoded string in-place (e.g., %20 -> space, + -> space)
 /// Returns the new length of the decoded string
@@ -28,5 +29,6 @@ bool str_ncmp_ci(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);
 // Case-insensitive string search (like strstr but case-insensitive)
 const char *stristr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
 
-}  // namespace esphome::web_server_idf
+}  // namespace web_server_idf
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif  // USE_ESP32

esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 
-namespace esphome::web_server_idf {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace web_server_idf {
 
 #ifndef HTTPD_409
 #define HTTPD_409 "409 Conflict"
@@ -257,6 +258,8 @@ StringRef AsyncWebServerRequest::url_to(std::span<char, URL_BUF_SIZE> buffer) co
   return StringRef(buffer.data(), decoded_len);
 }
 
+std::string AsyncWebServerRequest::host() const { return this->get_header("Host").value(); }
+
 void AsyncWebServerRequest::send(AsyncWebServerResponse *response) {
   httpd_resp_send(*this, response->get_content_data(), response->get_content_size());
 }
@@ -344,14 +347,15 @@ bool AsyncWebServerRequest::authenticate(const char *username, const char *passw
   memcpy(user_info + user_len + 1, password, pass_len);
   user_info[user_info_len] = '\0';
 
-  size_t n = 0, out;
-  esp_crypto_base64_encode(nullptr, 0, &n, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(user_info), user_info_len);
-
-  auto digest = std::unique_ptr<char[]>(new char[n + 1]);
-  esp_crypto_base64_encode(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(digest.get()), n, &out,
+  // Base64 output size is ceil(input_len * 4/3) + 1, with input bounded to 256 bytes
+  // max output is ceil(256 * 4/3) + 1 = 343 bytes, use 350 for safety
+  constexpr size_t max_digest_len = 350;
+  char digest[max_digest_len];
+  size_t out;
+  esp_crypto_base64_encode(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(digest), max_digest_len, &out,
                            reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(user_info), user_info_len);
 
-  return strcmp(digest.get(), auth_str + auth_prefix_len) == 0;
+  return strcmp(digest, auth_str + auth_prefix_len) == 0;
 }
 
 void AsyncWebServerRequest::requestAuthentication(const char *realm) const {
@@ -861,12 +865,12 @@ esp_err_t AsyncWebServer::handle_multipart_upload_(httpd_req_t *r, const char *c
     }
   });
 
-  // Process data
-  std::unique_ptr<char[]> buffer(new char[MULTIPART_CHUNK_SIZE]);
+  // Process data - use stack buffer to avoid heap allocation
+  char buffer[MULTIPART_CHUNK_SIZE];
   size_t bytes_since_yield = 0;
 
   for (size_t remaining = r->content_len; remaining > 0;) {
-    int recv_len = httpd_req_recv(r, buffer.get(), std::min(remaining, MULTIPART_CHUNK_SIZE));
+    int recv_len = httpd_req_recv(r, buffer, std::min(remaining, MULTIPART_CHUNK_SIZE));
 
     if (recv_len <= 0) {
       httpd_resp_send_err(r, recv_len == HTTPD_SOCK_ERR_TIMEOUT ? HTTPD_408_REQ_TIMEOUT : HTTPD_400_BAD_REQUEST,
@@ -874,7 +878,7 @@ esp_err_t AsyncWebServer::handle_multipart_upload_(httpd_req_t *r, const char *c
       return recv_len == HTTPD_SOCK_ERR_TIMEOUT ? ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT : ESP_FAIL;
     }
 
-    if (reader->parse(buffer.get(), recv_len) != static_cast<size_t>(recv_len)) {
+    if (reader->parse(buffer, recv_len) != static_cast<size_t>(recv_len)) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Multipart parser error");
       httpd_resp_send_err(r, HTTPD_400_BAD_REQUEST, nullptr);
       return ESP_FAIL;
@@ -894,6 +898,7 @@ esp_err_t AsyncWebServer::handle_multipart_upload_(httpd_req_t *r, const char *c
 }
 #endif  // USE_WEBSERVER_OTA
 
-}  // namespace esphome::web_server_idf
+}  // namespace web_server_idf
+}  // namespace esphome
 
 #endif  // !defined(USE_ESP32)

esphome/components/web_server_idf/web_server_idf.h

@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ class AsyncWebServerRequest {
     char buffer[URL_BUF_SIZE];
     return std::string(this->url_to(buffer));
   }
+  std::string host() const;
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
   size_t contentLength() const { return this->req_->content_len; }
 

esphome/core/automation.h

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
-#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 #include <concepts>
 #include <functional>
@@ -57,16 +56,6 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
     this->static_str_ = str;
   }
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  // On ESP8266, __FlashStringHelper* is a distinct type from const char*.
-  // ESPHOME_F(s) expands to F(s) which returns __FlashStringHelper* pointing to PROGMEM.
-  // Store as FLASH_STRING — value()/is_empty()/ref_or_copy_to() use _P functions
-  // to access the PROGMEM pointer safely.
-  TemplatableValue(const __FlashStringHelper *str) requires std::same_as<T, std::string> : type_(FLASH_STRING) {
-    this->static_str_ = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(str);
-  }
-#endif
-
   template<typename F> TemplatableValue(F value) requires(!std::invocable<F, X...>) : type_(VALUE) {
     if constexpr (USE_HEAP_STORAGE) {
       this->value_ = new T(std::move(value));
@@ -100,7 +89,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
       this->f_ = new std::function<T(X...)>(*other.f_);
     } else if (this->type_ == STATELESS_LAMBDA) {
       this->stateless_f_ = other.stateless_f_;
-    } else if (this->type_ == STATIC_STRING || this->type_ == FLASH_STRING) {
+    } else if (this->type_ == STATIC_STRING) {
       this->static_str_ = other.static_str_;
     }
   }
@@ -119,7 +108,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
       other.f_ = nullptr;
     } else if (this->type_ == STATELESS_LAMBDA) {
       this->stateless_f_ = other.stateless_f_;
-    } else if (this->type_ == STATIC_STRING || this->type_ == FLASH_STRING) {
+    } else if (this->type_ == STATIC_STRING) {
       this->static_str_ = other.static_str_;
     }
     other.type_ = NONE;
@@ -152,7 +141,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
     } else if (this->type_ == LAMBDA) {
       delete this->f_;
     }
-    // STATELESS_LAMBDA/STATIC_STRING/FLASH_STRING/NONE: no cleanup needed (pointers, not heap-allocated)
+    // STATELESS_LAMBDA/STATIC_STRING/NONE: no cleanup needed (pointers, not heap-allocated)
   }
 
   bool has_value() const { return this->type_ != NONE; }
@@ -176,17 +165,6 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
           return std::string(this->static_str_);
         }
         __builtin_unreachable();
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-      case FLASH_STRING:
-        // PROGMEM pointer — must use _P functions to access on ESP8266
-        if constexpr (std::same_as<T, std::string>) {
-          size_t len = strlen_P(this->static_str_);
-          std::string result(len, '\0');
-          memcpy_P(result.data(), this->static_str_, len);
-          return result;
-        }
-        __builtin_unreachable();
-#endif
       case NONE:
       default:
         return T{};
@@ -208,12 +186,9 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
   }
 
   /// Check if this holds a static string (const char* stored without allocation)
-  /// The pointer is always directly readable (RAM or flash-mapped).
-  /// Returns false for FLASH_STRING (PROGMEM on ESP8266, requires _P functions).
   bool is_static_string() const { return this->type_ == STATIC_STRING; }
 
   /// Get the static string pointer (only valid if is_static_string() returns true)
-  /// The pointer is always directly readable — FLASH_STRING uses a separate type.
   const char *get_static_string() const { return this->static_str_; }
 
   /// Check if the string value is empty without allocating (for std::string specialization).
@@ -225,12 +200,6 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
         return true;
       case STATIC_STRING:
         return this->static_str_ == nullptr || this->static_str_[0] == '\0';
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-      case FLASH_STRING:
-        // PROGMEM pointer — must use progmem_read_byte on ESP8266
-        return this->static_str_ == nullptr ||
-               progmem_read_byte(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(this->static_str_)) == '\0';
-#endif
       case VALUE:
         return this->value_->empty();
       default:  // LAMBDA/STATELESS_LAMBDA - must call value()
@@ -240,9 +209,8 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
 
   /// Get a StringRef to the string value without heap allocation when possible.
   /// For STATIC_STRING/VALUE, returns reference to existing data (no allocation).
-  /// For FLASH_STRING (ESP8266 PROGMEM), copies to provided buffer via _P functions.
   /// For LAMBDA/STATELESS_LAMBDA, calls value(), copies to provided buffer, returns ref to buffer.
-  /// @param lambda_buf Buffer used only for copy cases (must remain valid while StringRef is used).
+  /// @param lambda_buf Buffer used only for lambda case (must remain valid while StringRef is used).
   /// @param lambda_buf_size Size of the buffer.
   /// @return StringRef pointing to the string data.
   StringRef ref_or_copy_to(char *lambda_buf, size_t lambda_buf_size) const requires std::same_as<T, std::string> {
@@ -253,19 +221,6 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
         if (this->static_str_ == nullptr)
           return StringRef();
         return StringRef(this->static_str_, strlen(this->static_str_));
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-      case FLASH_STRING:
-        if (this->static_str_ == nullptr)
-          return StringRef();
-        {
-          // PROGMEM pointer — copy to buffer via _P functions
-          size_t len = strlen_P(this->static_str_);
-          size_t copy_len = std::min(len, lambda_buf_size - 1);
-          memcpy_P(lambda_buf, this->static_str_, copy_len);
-          lambda_buf[copy_len] = '\0';
-          return StringRef(lambda_buf, copy_len);
-        }
-#endif
       case VALUE:
         return StringRef(this->value_->data(), this->value_->size());
       default: {  // LAMBDA/STATELESS_LAMBDA - must call value() and copy
@@ -284,7 +239,6 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
    LAMBDA,
    STATELESS_LAMBDA,
    STATIC_STRING,  // For const char* when T is std::string - avoids heap allocation
-   FLASH_STRING,   // PROGMEM pointer on ESP8266; never set on other platforms
  } type_;
   // For std::string, use heap pointer to minimize union size (4 bytes vs 12+).
   // For other types, store value inline as before.
@@ -293,7 +247,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... X> class TemplatableValue {
     ValueStorage value_;  // T for inline storage, T* for heap storage
     std::function<T(X...)> *f_;
     T (*stateless_f_)(X...);
-    const char *static_str_;  // For STATIC_STRING and FLASH_STRING types
+    const char *static_str_;  // For STATIC_STRING type
   };
 };
 

esphome/cpp_generator.py

@@ -247,23 +247,6 @@ class LogStringLiteral(Literal):
         return f"LOG_STR({cpp_string_escape(self.string)})"
 
 
-class FlashStringLiteral(Literal):
-    """A string literal wrapped in ESPHOME_F() for PROGMEM storage on ESP8266.
-
-    On ESP8266, ESPHOME_F(s) expands to F(s) which stores the string in flash (PROGMEM).
-    On other platforms, ESPHOME_F(s) expands to plain s (no-op).
-    """
-
-    __slots__ = ("string",)
-
-    def __init__(self, string: str) -> None:
-        super().__init__()
-        self.string = string
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"ESPHOME_F({cpp_string_escape(self.string)})"
-
-
 class IntLiteral(Literal):
     __slots__ = ("i",)
 
@@ -778,10 +761,6 @@ async def templatable(
     if is_template(value):
         return await process_lambda(value, args, return_type=output_type)
     if to_exp is None:
-        # Automatically wrap static strings in ESPHOME_F() for PROGMEM storage on ESP8266.
-        # On other platforms ESPHOME_F() is a no-op returning const char*.
-        if isinstance(value, str) and str(output_type) == "std::string":
-            return FlashStringLiteral(value)
         return value
     if isinstance(to_exp, dict):
         return to_exp[value]

esphome/cpp_types.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ std_shared_ptr = std_ns.class_("shared_ptr")
 std_string = std_ns.class_("string")
 std_string_ref = std_ns.namespace("string &")
 std_vector = std_ns.class_("vector")
-std_span = std_ns.class_("span")
 uint8 = global_ns.namespace("uint8_t")
 uint16 = global_ns.namespace("uint16_t")
 uint32 = global_ns.namespace("uint32_t")

esphome/dashboard/web_server.py

@@ -1054,26 +1054,17 @@ class DownloadBinaryRequestHandler(BaseHandler):
         # fallback to type=, but prioritize file=
         file_name = self.get_argument("type", None)
         file_name = self.get_argument("file", file_name)
-        if file_name is None or not file_name.strip():
+        if file_name is None:
             self.send_error(400)
             return
+        file_name = file_name.replace("..", "").lstrip("/")
         # get requested download name, or build it based on filename
         download_name = self.get_argument(
             "download",
             f"{storage_json.name}-{file_name}",
         )
 
-        if storage_json.firmware_bin_path is None:
-            self.send_error(404)
-            return
-
-        base_dir = storage_json.firmware_bin_path.parent.resolve()
-        path = base_dir.joinpath(file_name).resolve()
-        try:
-            path.relative_to(base_dir)
-        except ValueError:
-            self.send_error(403)
-            return
+        path = storage_json.firmware_bin_path.parent.joinpath(file_name)
 
         if not path.is_file():
             args = ["esphome", "idedata", settings.rel_path(configuration)]
@@ -1087,7 +1078,7 @@ class DownloadBinaryRequestHandler(BaseHandler):
 
             found = False
             for image in idedata.extra_flash_images:
-                if image.path.as_posix().endswith(file_name):
+                if image.path.endswith(file_name):
                     path = image.path
                     download_name = file_name
                     found = True

esphome/wizard.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import base64
 from pathlib import Path
+import random
 import secrets
 import string
 from typing import Literal, NotRequired, TypedDict, Unpack
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ def wizard_file(**kwargs: Unpack[WizardFileKwargs]) -> str:
     if len(ap_name) > 32:
         ap_name = ap_name_base
     kwargs["fallback_name"] = ap_name
-    kwargs["fallback_psk"] = "".join(secrets.choice(letters) for _ in range(12))
+    kwargs["fallback_psk"] = "".join(random.choice(letters) for _ in range(12))
 
     base = BASE_CONFIG_FRIENDLY if kwargs.get("friendly_name") else BASE_CONFIG
 

script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py

@@ -2270,13 +2270,10 @@ SOURCE_NAMES = {
     SOURCE_CLIENT: "SOURCE_CLIENT",
 }
 
-RECEIVE_CASES: dict[int, tuple[str, str | None, str]] = {}
+RECEIVE_CASES: dict[int, tuple[str, str | None]] = {}
 
 ifdefs: dict[str, str] = {}
 
-# Track messages with no fields (empty messages) for parameter elision
-EMPTY_MESSAGES: set[str] = set()
-
 
 def get_opt(
     desc: descriptor.DescriptorProto,
@@ -2507,26 +2504,26 @@ def build_service_message_type(
         # Only add ifdef when we're actually generating content
         if ifdef is not None:
             hout += f"#ifdef {ifdef}\n"
-        # Generate receive handler and switch case
+        # Generate receive
         func = f"on_{snake}"
-        has_fields = any(not field.options.deprecated for field in mt.field)
-        is_empty = not has_fields
-        if is_empty:
-            EMPTY_MESSAGES.add(mt.name)
-        hout += f"virtual void {func}({'' if is_empty else f'const {mt.name} &value'}){{}};\n"
+        hout += f"virtual void {func}(const {mt.name} &value){{}};\n"
         case = ""
-        if not is_empty:
-            case += f"{mt.name} msg;\n"
+        case += f"{mt.name} msg;\n"
+        # Check if this message has any fields (excluding deprecated ones)
+        has_fields = any(not field.options.deprecated for field in mt.field)
+        if has_fields:
+            # Normal case: decode the message
             case += "msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);\n"
+        else:
+            # Empty message optimization: skip decode since there are no fields
+            case += "// Empty message: no decode needed\n"
         if log:
             case += "#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP\n"
-            if is_empty:
-                case += f'this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("{func}"));\n'
-            else:
-                case += f'this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("{func}"), msg);\n'
+            case += f'this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("{func}"), msg);\n'
             case += "#endif\n"
-        case += f"this->{func}({'msg' if not is_empty else ''});\n"
+        case += f"this->{func}(msg);\n"
         case += "break;"
+        # Store the message name and ifdef with the case for later use
         RECEIVE_CASES[id_] = (case, ifdef, mt.name)
 
         # Only close ifdef if we opened it
@@ -2842,7 +2839,6 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api.service";
     hpp += (
         "  void log_receive_message_(const LogString *name, const ProtoMessage &msg);\n"
     )
-    hpp += "  void log_receive_message_(const LogString *name);\n"
     hpp += " public:\n"
     hpp += "#endif\n\n"
 
@@ -2866,9 +2862,6 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api.service";
     cpp += "  DumpBuffer dump_buf;\n"
     cpp += '  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(name), msg.dump_to(dump_buf));\n'
     cpp += "}\n"
-    cpp += f"void {class_name}::log_receive_message_(const LogString *name) {{\n"
-    cpp += '  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: {}", LOG_STR_ARG(name));\n'
-    cpp += "}\n"
     cpp += "#endif\n\n"
 
     for mt in file.message_type:
@@ -2936,22 +2929,22 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api.service";
             hpp_protected += f"#ifdef {ifdef}\n"
             cpp += f"#ifdef {ifdef}\n"
 
-        is_empty = inp in EMPTY_MESSAGES
-        param = "" if is_empty else f"const {inp} &msg"
-        arg = "" if is_empty else "msg"
+        hpp_protected += f"  void {on_func}(const {inp} &msg) override;\n"
 
-        hpp_protected += f"  void {on_func}({param}) override;\n"
+        # For non-void methods, generate a send_ method instead of return-by-value
         if is_void:
-            hpp += f"  virtual void {func}({param}) = 0;\n"
+            hpp += f"  virtual void {func}(const {inp} &msg) = 0;\n"
         else:
-            hpp += f"  virtual bool send_{func}_response({param}) = 0;\n"
+            hpp += f"  virtual bool send_{func}_response(const {inp} &msg) = 0;\n"
 
-        cpp += f"void {class_name}::{on_func}({param}) {{\n"
+        cpp += f"void {class_name}::{on_func}(const {inp} &msg) {{\n"
+
+        # No authentication check here - it's done in read_message
         body = ""
         if is_void:
-            body += f"this->{func}({arg});\n"
+            body += f"this->{func}(msg);\n"
         else:
-            body += f"if (!this->send_{func}_response({arg})) {{\n"
+            body += f"if (!this->send_{func}_response(msg)) {{\n"
             body += "  this->on_fatal_error();\n"
             body += "}\n"
 

tests/components/lvgl/test.host.yaml

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ lvgl:
   - id: lvgl_0
     default_font: space16
     displays: sdl0
-    top_layer:
-
   - id: lvgl_1
     displays: sdl1
     on_idle:

tests/dashboard/test_web_server.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import gzip
 import json
 import os
 from pathlib import Path
-import sys
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, Mock, patch
 
 import pytest
@@ -422,7 +421,7 @@ async def test_download_binary_handler_idedata_fallback(
 
     # Mock idedata response
     mock_image = Mock()
-    mock_image.path = bootloader_file
+    mock_image.path = str(bootloader_file)
     mock_idedata_instance = Mock()
     mock_idedata_instance.extra_flash_images = [mock_image]
     mock_idedata.return_value = mock_idedata_instance
@@ -529,22 +528,14 @@ async def test_download_binary_handler_subdirectory_file_url_encoded(
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_ext_storage_path")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    ("attack_path", "expected_code"),
+    "attack_path",
     [
-        pytest.param("../../../secrets.yaml", 403, id="basic_traversal"),
-        pytest.param("..%2F..%2F..%2Fsecrets.yaml", 403, id="url_encoded"),
-        pytest.param("zephyr/../../../secrets.yaml", 403, id="traversal_with_prefix"),
-        pytest.param("/etc/passwd", 403, id="absolute_path"),
-        pytest.param("//etc/passwd", 403, id="double_slash_absolute"),
-        pytest.param(
-            "....//secrets.yaml",
-            # On Windows, Path.resolve() treats "..." and "...." as parent
-            # traversal (like ".."), so the path escapes base_dir -> 403.
-            # On Unix, "...." is a literal directory name that stays inside
-            # base_dir but doesn't exist -> 404.
-            403 if sys.platform == "win32" else 404,
-            id="multiple_dots",
-        ),
+        pytest.param("../../../secrets.yaml", id="basic_traversal"),
+        pytest.param("..%2F..%2F..%2Fsecrets.yaml", id="url_encoded"),
+        pytest.param("zephyr/../../../secrets.yaml", id="traversal_with_prefix"),
+        pytest.param("/etc/passwd", id="absolute_path"),
+        pytest.param("//etc/passwd", id="double_slash_absolute"),
+        pytest.param("....//secrets.yaml", id="multiple_dots"),
     ],
 )
 async def test_download_binary_handler_path_traversal_protection(
@@ -552,14 +543,11 @@ async def test_download_binary_handler_path_traversal_protection(
     tmp_path: Path,
     mock_storage_json: MagicMock,
     attack_path: str,
-    expected_code: int,
 ) -> None:
     """Test that DownloadBinaryRequestHandler prevents path traversal attacks.
 
-    Verifies that attempts to escape the build directory via '..' are rejected
-    using resolve()/relative_to() validation. Tests multiple attack vectors.
-    Real traversals that escape the base directory get 403. Paths like '....'
-    that resolve inside the base directory but don't exist get 404.
+    Verifies that attempts to use '..' in file paths are sanitized to prevent
+    accessing files outside the build directory. Tests multiple attack vectors.
     """
     # Create build structure
     build_dir = get_build_path(tmp_path, "test")
@@ -577,67 +565,14 @@ async def test_download_binary_handler_path_traversal_protection(
     mock_storage.firmware_bin_path = firmware_file
     mock_storage_json.load.return_value = mock_storage
 
-    # Mock async_run_system_command so paths that pass validation but don't exist
-    # return 404 deterministically without spawning a real subprocess.
-    with (
-        patch(
-            "esphome.dashboard.web_server.async_run_system_command",
-            new_callable=AsyncMock,
-            return_value=(2, "", ""),
-        ),
-        pytest.raises(HTTPClientError) as exc_info,
-    ):
+    # Attempt path traversal attack - should be blocked
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPClientError) as exc_info:
         await dashboard.fetch(
             f"/download.bin?configuration=test.yaml&file={attack_path}",
             method="GET",
         )
-    assert exc_info.value.code == expected_code
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_ext_storage_path")
-async def test_download_binary_handler_no_firmware_bin_path(
-    dashboard: DashboardTestHelper,
-    mock_storage_json: MagicMock,
-) -> None:
-    """Test that download returns 404 when firmware_bin_path is None.
-
-    This covers configs created by StorageJSON.from_wizard() where no
-    firmware has been compiled yet.
-    """
-    mock_storage = Mock()
-    mock_storage.name = "test_device"
-    mock_storage.firmware_bin_path = None
-    mock_storage_json.load.return_value = mock_storage
-
-    with pytest.raises(HTTPClientError) as exc_info:
-        await dashboard.fetch(
-            "/download.bin?configuration=test.yaml&file=firmware.bin",
-            method="GET",
-        )
-    assert exc_info.value.code == 404
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-@pytest.mark.usefixtures("mock_ext_storage_path")
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("file_value", ["", "%20%20", "%20"])
-async def test_download_binary_handler_empty_file_name(
-    dashboard: DashboardTestHelper,
-    mock_storage_json: MagicMock,
-    file_value: str,
-) -> None:
-    """Test that download returns 400 for empty or whitespace-only file names."""
-    mock_storage = Mock()
-    mock_storage.name = "test_device"
-    mock_storage.firmware_bin_path = Path("/fake/firmware.bin")
-    mock_storage_json.load.return_value = mock_storage
-
-    with pytest.raises(HTTPClientError) as exc_info:
-        await dashboard.fetch(
-            f"/download.bin?configuration=test.yaml&file={file_value}",
-            method="GET",
-        )
-    assert exc_info.value.code == 400
+    # Should get 404 (file not found after sanitization) or 500 (idedata fails)
+    assert exc_info.value.code in (404, 500)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio

tests/integration/test_udp.py

@@ -93,34 +93,23 @@ async def udp_listener(port: int = 0) -> AsyncGenerator[tuple[int, UDPReceiver]]
         sock.close()
 
 
-def _get_free_udp_port() -> int:
-    """Get a free UDP port by binding to port 0 and releasing."""
-    sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
-    sock.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
-    port = sock.getsockname()[1]
-    sock.close()
-    return port
-
-
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_udp_send_receive(
     yaml_config: str,
     run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
     api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
 ) -> None:
-    """Test UDP component can send and receive messages."""
+    """Test UDP component can send messages with multiple addresses configured."""
+    # Track log lines to verify dump_config output
     log_lines: list[str] = []
-    receive_event = asyncio.Event()
 
     def on_log_line(line: str) -> None:
         log_lines.append(line)
-        if "Received UDP:" in line:
-            receive_event.set()
 
-    async with udp_listener() as (broadcast_port, receiver):
-        listen_port = _get_free_udp_port()
-        config = yaml_config.replace("UDP_LISTEN_PORT_PLACEHOLDER", str(listen_port))
-        config = config.replace("UDP_BROADCAST_PORT_PLACEHOLDER", str(broadcast_port))
+    async with udp_listener() as (udp_port, receiver):
+        # Replace placeholders in the config
+        config = yaml_config.replace("UDP_LISTEN_PORT_PLACEHOLDER", str(udp_port + 1))
+        config = config.replace("UDP_BROADCAST_PORT_PLACEHOLDER", str(udp_port))
 
         async with (
             run_compiled(config, line_callback=on_log_line),
@@ -180,19 +169,3 @@ async def test_udp_send_receive(
             assert "Address: 127.0.0.2" in log_text, (
                 f"Address 127.0.0.2 not found in dump_config. Log: {log_text[-2000:]}"
             )
-
-            # Test receiving a UDP packet (exercises on_receive with std::span)
-            test_payload = b"TEST_RECEIVE_UDP"
-            send_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
-            try:
-                send_sock.sendto(test_payload, ("127.0.0.1", listen_port))
-            finally:
-                send_sock.close()
-
-            try:
-                await asyncio.wait_for(receive_event.wait(), timeout=5.0)
-            except TimeoutError:
-                pytest.fail(
-                    f"on_receive did not fire. Expected 'Received UDP:' in logs. "
-                    f"Last log lines: {log_lines[-20:]}"
-                )

tests/unit_tests/test_cpp_generator.py

@@ -248,12 +248,6 @@ class TestLiterals:
             (cg.FloatLiteral(4.2), "4.2f"),
             (cg.FloatLiteral(1.23456789), "1.23456789f"),
             (cg.FloatLiteral(math.nan), "NAN"),
-            (cg.FlashStringLiteral("hello"), 'ESPHOME_F("hello")'),
-            (cg.FlashStringLiteral(""), 'ESPHOME_F("")'),
-            (
-                cg.FlashStringLiteral('quote"here'),
-                'ESPHOME_F("quote\\042here")',
-            ),
         ),
     )
     def test_str__simple(self, target: cg.Literal, expected: str):
@@ -630,75 +624,3 @@ class TestProcessLambda:
         # Test invalid tuple format (single element)
         with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
             await cg.process_lambda(lambda_obj, [(int,)])
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_templatable__string_with_std_string_returns_flash_literal() -> None:
-    """Static string with std::string output_type returns FlashStringLiteral."""
-    result = await cg.templatable("hello", [], ct.std_string)
-
-    assert isinstance(result, cg.FlashStringLiteral)
-    assert str(result) == 'ESPHOME_F("hello")'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_templatable__empty_string_with_std_string() -> None:
-    """Empty static string with std::string output_type returns FlashStringLiteral."""
-    result = await cg.templatable("", [], ct.std_string)
-
-    assert isinstance(result, cg.FlashStringLiteral)
-    assert str(result) == 'ESPHOME_F("")'
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_templatable__string_with_none_output_type() -> None:
-    """Static string with output_type=None returns raw string (no wrapping)."""
-    result = await cg.templatable("hello", [], None)
-
-    assert isinstance(result, str)
-    assert result == "hello"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_templatable__int_with_std_string() -> None:
-    """Non-string value with std::string output_type returns raw value."""
-    result = await cg.templatable(42, [], ct.std_string)
-
-    assert result == 42
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_templatable__string_with_non_string_output_type() -> None:
-    """Static string with non-std::string output_type returns raw string."""
-    result = await cg.templatable("hello", [], ct.bool_)
-
-    assert isinstance(result, str)
-    assert result == "hello"
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_templatable__with_to_exp_callable() -> None:
-    """When to_exp is provided, it is applied to non-template values."""
-    result = await cg.templatable(42, [], None, to_exp=lambda x: x * 2)
-
-    assert result == 84
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_templatable__with_to_exp_dict() -> None:
-    """When to_exp is a dict, value is looked up."""
-    mapping: dict[str, int] = {"on": 1, "off": 0}
-    result = await cg.templatable("on", [], None, to_exp=mapping)
-
-    assert result == 1
-
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_templatable__lambda_with_std_string() -> None:
-    """Lambda value returns LambdaExpression, not FlashStringLiteral."""
-    from esphome.core import Lambda
-
-    lambda_obj = Lambda('return "hello";')
-    result = await cg.templatable(lambda_obj, [], ct.std_string)
-
-    assert isinstance(result, cg.LambdaExpression)

tests/unit_tests/test_wizard.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
 
 import pytest
 from pytest import MonkeyPatch
@@ -632,14 +632,3 @@ def test_wizard_accepts_rpipico_board(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch):
     # rpipico doesn't support WiFi, so no api_encryption_key or ota_password
     assert "api_encryption_key" not in call_kwargs
     assert "ota_password" not in call_kwargs
-
-
-def test_fallback_psk_uses_secrets_choice(
-    default_config: dict[str, Any],
-) -> None:
-    """Test that fallback PSK is generated using secrets.choice."""
-    with patch("esphome.wizard.secrets.choice", return_value="X") as mock_choice:
-        config = wz.wizard_file(**default_config)
-
-    assert 'password: "XXXXXXXXXXXX"' in config
-    assert mock_choice.call_count == 12