Expand uart.write tests (#11785)

tests/components/uart/test.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ esphome:
     then:
       - uart.write: 'Hello World'
       - uart.write: [0x00, 0x20, 0x42]
+      - uart.write: !lambda |-
+          return {0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC};
 
 uart:
   - id: uart_uart
@@ -46,6 +48,15 @@ switch:
       turn_on: "TURN_ON"
       turn_off: "TURN_OFF"
 
+number:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Number"
+    id: test_number
+    optimistic: true
+    min_value: 0
+    max_value: 100
+    step: 1
+
 button:
   # Test uart button with array data
   - platform: uart
@@ -57,3 +68,10 @@ button:
     name: "UART Button String"
     uart_id: uart_uart
     data: "BUTTON_PRESS"
+  # Test uart button with lambda (function pointer)
+  - platform: template
+    name: "UART Lambda Test"
+    on_press:
+      - uart.write: !lambda |-
+          std::string cmd = "VALUE=" + str_sprintf("%.0f", id(test_number).state) + "\r\n";
+          return std::vector<uint8_t>(cmd.begin(), cmd.end());