[sensor] Replace timeout filter scheduler with loop-based implementation

esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py

@@ -271,6 +271,9 @@ ThrottleWithPriorityFilter = sensor_ns.class_(
     "ThrottleWithPriorityFilter", ValueListFilter
 )
 TimeoutFilter = sensor_ns.class_("TimeoutFilter", Filter, cg.Component)
+TimeoutFilterConfigured = sensor_ns.class_(
+    "TimeoutFilterConfigured", Filter, cg.Component
+)
 DebounceFilter = sensor_ns.class_("DebounceFilter", Filter, cg.Component)
 HeartbeatFilter = sensor_ns.class_("HeartbeatFilter", Filter, cg.Component)
 DeltaFilter = sensor_ns.class_("DeltaFilter", Filter)
@@ -684,8 +687,13 @@ TIMEOUT_SCHEMA = cv.maybe_simple_value(
 @FILTER_REGISTRY.register("timeout", TimeoutFilter, TIMEOUT_SCHEMA)
 async def timeout_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
     if config[CONF_VALUE] == "last":
+        # Use TimeoutFilter for "last" mode (smaller, more common - LD2450, LD2412, etc.)
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(filter_id, config[CONF_TIMEOUT])
     else:
+        # Use TimeoutFilterConfigured for configured value mode
+        # Change the type to TimeoutFilterConfigured (similar to stateless lambda pattern)
+        filter_id = filter_id.copy()
+        filter_id.type = TimeoutFilterConfigured
         template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_VALUE], [], float)
         var = cg.new_Pvariable(filter_id, config[CONF_TIMEOUT], template_)
     await cg.register_component(var, {})

esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp

@@ -339,20 +339,43 @@ void OrFilter::initialize(Sensor *parent, Filter *next) {
   this->phi_.initialize(parent, nullptr);
 }
 
-// TimeoutFilter
-optional<float> TimeoutFilter::new_value(float value) {
-  if (this->value_.has_value()) {
-    this->set_timeout("timeout", this->time_period_, [this]() { this->output(this->value_.value().value()); });
-  } else {
-    this->set_timeout("timeout", this->time_period_, [this, value]() { this->output(value); });
+// TimeoutFilterBase - shared loop logic
+void TimeoutFilterBase::loop() {
+  // Check if timeout period has elapsed
+  // Use cached loop start time to avoid repeated millis() calls
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+  if (now - this->timeout_start_time_ >= this->time_period_) {
+    // Timeout fired - get output value from derived class and output it
+    this->output(this->get_output_value());
+
+    // Disable loop until next value arrives
+    this->disable_loop();
   }
+}
+
+float TimeoutFilterBase::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
+
+// TimeoutFilter - "last" mode implementation
+optional<float> TimeoutFilter::new_value(float value) {
+  // Store the value to output when timeout fires
+  this->pending_value_ = value;
+
+  // Record when timeout started and enable loop
+  this->timeout_start_time_ = millis();
+  this->enable_loop();
+
   return value;
 }
 
-TimeoutFilter::TimeoutFilter(uint32_t time_period) : time_period_(time_period) {}
-TimeoutFilter::TimeoutFilter(uint32_t time_period, const TemplatableValue<float> &new_value)
-    : time_period_(time_period), value_(new_value) {}
-float TimeoutFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
+// TimeoutFilterConfigured - configured value mode implementation
+optional<float> TimeoutFilterConfigured::new_value(float value) {
+  // Record when timeout started and enable loop
+  // Note: we don't store the incoming value since we have a configured value
+  this->timeout_start_time_ = millis();
+  this->enable_loop();
+
+  return value;
+}
 
 // DebounceFilter
 optional<float> DebounceFilter::new_value(float value) {

esphome/components/sensor/filter.h

@@ -380,18 +380,46 @@ class ThrottleWithPriorityFilter : public ValueListFilter {
   uint32_t min_time_between_inputs_;
 };
 
-class TimeoutFilter : public Filter, public Component {
+// Base class for timeout filters - contains common loop logic
+class TimeoutFilterBase : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  explicit TimeoutFilter(uint32_t time_period);
-  explicit TimeoutFilter(uint32_t time_period, const TemplatableValue<float> &new_value);
-
-  optional<float> new_value(float value) override;
-
+  void loop() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
  protected:
-  uint32_t time_period_;
-  optional<TemplatableValue<float>> value_;
+  explicit TimeoutFilterBase(uint32_t time_period) : time_period_(time_period) { this->disable_loop(); }
+  virtual float get_output_value() = 0;
+
+  uint32_t time_period_;            // 4 bytes (timeout duration in ms)
+  uint32_t timeout_start_time_{0};  // 4 bytes (when the timeout was started)
+  // Total base: 8 bytes
+};
+
+// Timeout filter for "last" mode - outputs the last received value after timeout
+class TimeoutFilter : public TimeoutFilterBase {
+ public:
+  explicit TimeoutFilter(uint32_t time_period) : TimeoutFilterBase(time_period) {}
+
+  optional<float> new_value(float value) override;
+
+ protected:
+  float get_output_value() override { return this->pending_value_; }
+  float pending_value_{0};  // 4 bytes (value to output when timeout fires)
+  // Total: 8 (base) + 4 = 12 bytes + vtable ptr + Component overhead
+};
+
+// Timeout filter with configured value - evaluates TemplatableValue after timeout
+class TimeoutFilterConfigured : public TimeoutFilterBase {
+ public:
+  explicit TimeoutFilterConfigured(uint32_t time_period, const TemplatableValue<float> &new_value)
+      : TimeoutFilterBase(time_period), value_(new_value) {}
+
+  optional<float> new_value(float value) override;
+
+ protected:
+  float get_output_value() override { return this->value_.value(); }
+  TemplatableValue<float> value_;  // 16 bytes (configured output value, can be lambda)
+  // Total: 8 (base) + 16 = 24 bytes + vtable ptr + Component overhead
 };
 
 class DebounceFilter : public Filter, public Component {