Merge branch 'dev' into defaults2

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
         "ms-python.python",
         "ms-python.pylint",
         "ms-python.flake8",
-        "ms-python.black-formatter",
+        "charliermarsh.ruff",
         "visualstudioexptteam.vscodeintellicode",
         // yaml
         "redhat.vscode-yaml",
@@ -49,14 +49,11 @@
         "flake8.args": [
           "--config=${workspaceFolder}/.flake8"
         ],
-        "black-formatter.args": [
+        "ruff.configuration": "${workspaceFolder}/pyproject.toml",
-          "--config",
-          "${workspaceFolder}/pyproject.toml"
-        ],
         "[python]": {
           // VS will say "Value is not accepted" before building the devcontainer, but the warning
           // should go away after build is completed.
-          "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-python.black-formatter"
+          "editor.defaultFormatter": "charliermarsh.ruff"
         },
         "editor.formatOnPaste": false,
         "editor.formatOnSave": true,

.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to ghcr by digest
       id: build-ghcr
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.12.0
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.14.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to dockerhub by digest
       id: build-dockerhub
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.12.0
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.14.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false

.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ runs:
   steps:
     - name: Set up Python ${{ inputs.python-version }}
       id: python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v5.3.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v5.4.0
       with:
         python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
     - name: Restore Python virtual environment
       id: cache-venv
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@v4.2.0
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@v4.2.1
       with:
         path: venv
         # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.4.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 

.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml

@@ -33,22 +33,20 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   check-docker:
     name: Build docker containers
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [amd64, armv7, aarch64]
+        os: ["ubuntu-latest", "ubuntu-24.04-arm"]
         build_type: ["ha-addon", "docker", "lint"]
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.4.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.9"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.8.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.9.0
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3.3.0
 
       - name: Set TAG
         run: |
@@ -58,6 +56,6 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           docker/build.py \
             --tag "${TAG}" \
-            --arch "${{ matrix.arch }}" \
+            --arch "${{ matrix.os == 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' && 'aarch64' || 'amd64' }}" \
             --build-type "${{ matrix.build_type }}" \
             build

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ jobs:
         run: echo key="${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt', 'requirements_optional.txt', 'requirements_test.txt') }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Set up Python ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.4.0
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
         id: cache-venv
-        uses: actions/cache@v4.2.0
+        uses: actions/cache@v4.2.1
         with:
           path: venv
           # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ jobs:
           pip install -r requirements.txt -r requirements_optional.txt -r requirements_test.txt
           pip install -e .
 
-  black:
+  ruff:
-    name: Check black
+    name: Check ruff
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - common
@@ -74,10 +74,10 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-      - name: Run black
+      - name: Run Ruff
         run: |
           . venv/bin/activate
-          black --verbose esphome tests
+          ruff format esphome tests
       - name: Suggested changes
         run: script/ci-suggest-changes
         if: always()
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - common
-      - black
+      - ruff
       - ci-custom
       - clang-format
       - flake8
@@ -303,14 +303,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache@v4.2.0
+        uses: actions/cache@v4.2.1
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4.2.0
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4.2.1
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - common
-      - black
+      - ruff
       - ci-custom
       - clang-format
       - flake8

.github/workflows/matchers/lint-python.json

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 {
   "problemMatcher": [
     {
-      "owner": "black",
+      "owner": "ruff",
       "severity": "error",
       "pattern": [
         {
-          "regexp": "^(.*): (Please format this file with the black formatter)",
+          "regexp": "^(.*): (Please format this file with the ruff formatter)",
           "file": 1,
           "message": 2
         }

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.4.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
       - name: Set up python environment
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
           pip3 install build
           python3 -m build
       - name: Publish
-        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.12.3
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.12.4
 
   deploy-docker:
     name: Build ESPHome ${{ matrix.platform }}
@@ -80,20 +80,19 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         platform:
           - linux/amd64
-          - linux/arm/v7
           - linux/arm64
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.4.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.9"
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.8.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.9.0
       - name: Set up QEMU
         if: matrix.platform != 'linux/amd64'
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3.3.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3.4.0
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
         uses: docker/login-action@v3.3.0
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ jobs:
           merge-multiple: true
 
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.8.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3.9.0
 
       - name: Log in to docker hub
         if: matrix.registry == 'dockerhub'

.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
           path: lib/home-assistant
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.4.0
         with:
           python-version: 3.12
 

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.5.4
+    rev: v0.9.2
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff
@@ -45,6 +45,6 @@ repos:
     hooks:
       - id: pylint
         name: pylint
-        entry: python script/run-in-env pylint
+        entry: python3 script/run-in-env.py pylint
         language: system
         types: [python]

CODEOWNERS

@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp8266/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/ethernet_info/* @gtjadsonsantos
 esphome/components/event/* @nohat
+esphome/components/event_emitter/* @Rapsssito
 esphome/components/exposure_notifications/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/ezo/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/ezo_pmp/* @carlos-sarmiento
@@ -233,6 +234,7 @@ esphome/components/kuntze/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/lcd_menu/* @numo68
 esphome/components/ld2410/* @regevbr @sebcaps
 esphome/components/ld2420/* @descipher
+esphome/components/ld2450/* @hareeshmu
 esphome/components/ledc/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/libretiny/* @kuba2k2
 esphome/components/libretiny_pwm/* @kuba2k2
@@ -241,6 +243,7 @@ esphome/components/lightwaverf/* @max246
 esphome/components/lilygo_t5_47/touchscreen/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/lock/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/logger/* @esphome/core
+esphome/components/logger/select/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ltr390/* @latonita @sjtrny
 esphome/components/ltr501/* @latonita
 esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/* @latonita
@@ -276,6 +279,7 @@ esphome/components/mics_4514/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/midea/* @dudanov
 esphome/components/midea_ir/* @dudanov
 esphome/components/mitsubishi/* @RubyBailey
+esphome/components/mixer/speaker/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/mlx90393/* @functionpointer
 esphome/components/mlx90614/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/mmc5603/* @benhoff
@@ -342,6 +346,7 @@ esphome/components/radon_eye_rd200/* @jeffeb3
 esphome/components/rc522/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/rc522_i2c/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/rc522_spi/* @glmnet
+esphome/components/resampler/speaker/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/restart/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/rf_bridge/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/rgbct/* @jesserockz
@@ -354,7 +359,7 @@ esphome/components/rtttl/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/safe_mode/* @jsuanet @kbx81 @paulmonigatti
 esphome/components/scd4x/* @martgras @sjtrny
 esphome/components/script/* @esphome/core
-esphome/components/sdl/* @clydebarrow
+esphome/components/sdl/* @bdm310 @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/sdm_meter/* @jesserockz @polyfaces
 esphome/components/sdp3x/* @Azimath
 esphome/components/seeed_mr24hpc1/* @limengdu
@@ -386,6 +391,7 @@ esphome/components/sn74hc165/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/socket/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/sonoff_d1/* @anatoly-savchenkov
 esphome/components/speaker/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
+esphome/components/speaker/media_player/* @kahrendt @synesthesiam
 esphome/components/spi/* @clydebarrow @esphome/core
 esphome/components/spi_device/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/spi_led_strip/* @clydebarrow
@@ -496,5 +502,6 @@ esphome/components/xiaomi_mhoc401/* @vevsvevs
 esphome/components/xiaomi_rtcgq02lm/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/xl9535/* @mreditor97
 esphome/components/xpt2046/touchscreen/* @nielsnl68 @numo68
+esphome/components/xxtea/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/zhlt01/* @cfeenstra1024
 esphome/components/zio_ultrasonic/* @kahrendt

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
-# Contributing to ESPHome
+# Contributing to ESPHome [![Discord Chat](https://img.shields.io/discord/429907082951524364.svg)](https://discord.gg/KhAMKrd) [![GitHub release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/esphome/esphome.svg)](https://GitHub.com/esphome/esphome/releases/)
 
-For a detailed guide, please see https://esphome.io/guides/contributing.html#contributing-to-esphome
+We welcome contributions to the ESPHome suite of code and documentation!
 
-Things to note when contributing:
+Please read our [contributing guide](https://esphome.io/guides/contributing.html) if you wish to contribute to the
+project and be sure to join us on [Discord](https://discord.gg/KhAMKrd).
 
- - Please test your changes :)
+**See also:**
- - If a new feature is added or an existing user-facing feature is changed, you should also
+
-   update the [docs](https://github.com/esphome/esphome-docs). See [contributing to esphome-docs](https://esphome.io/guides/contributing.html#contributing-to-esphomedocs)
+[Documentation](https://esphome.io) -- [Issues](https://github.com/esphome/issues/issues) -- [Feature requests](https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues)
-   for more information.
+
- - Please also update the tests in the `tests/` folder. You can do so by just adding a line in one of the YAML files
+---
-   which checks if your new feature compiles correctly.
+
+[![ESPHome - A project from the Open Home Foundation](https://www.openhomefoundation.org/badges/esphome.png)](https://www.openhomefoundation.org/)

README.md

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
   </picture>
 </a>
 
-**Documentation:** https://esphome.io/
+---
 
-For issues, please go to [the issue tracker](https://github.com/esphome/issues/issues).
+[Documentation](https://esphome.io) -- [Issues](https://github.com/esphome/issues/issues) -- [Feature requests](https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues)
 
-For feature requests, please see [feature requests](https://github.com/esphome/feature-requests/issues).
+---
 
 [![ESPHome - A project from the Open Home Foundation](https://www.openhomefoundation.org/badges/esphome.png)](https://www.openhomefoundation.org/)

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ RUN \
         iputils-ping=3:20221126-1+deb12u1 \
         git=1:2.39.5-0+deb12u1 \
         curl=7.88.1-10+deb12u8 \
-        openssh-client=1:9.2p1-2+deb12u3 \
+        openssh-client=1:9.2p1-2+deb12u4 \
         python3-cffi=1.15.1-5 \
         libcairo2=1.16.0-7 \
         libmagic1=1:5.44-3 \
@@ -51,19 +51,7 @@ ENV \
   # Store globally installed pio libs in /piolibs
   PLATFORMIO_GLOBALLIB_DIR=/piolibs
 
-# Support legacy binaries on Debian multiarch system. There is no "correct" way
-# to do this, other than using properly built toolchains...
-# See: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/553743/correct-way-to-add-lib-ld-linux-so-3-in-debian
 RUN \
-    if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "armv7" ]; then \
-        ln -s /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 /lib/ld-linux.so.3; \
-    fi
-
-RUN \
-    # Ubuntu python3-pip is missing wheel
-    if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "armv7" ]; then \
-        export PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="https://www.piwheels.org/simple"; \
-    fi; \
     pip3 install \
     --break-system-packages --no-cache-dir \
     # Keep platformio version in sync with requirements.txt
@@ -82,14 +70,6 @@ RUN --mount=type=tmpfs,target=/root/.cargo <<END-OF-RUN
 # Fail on any non-zero status
 set -e
 
-if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "armv7" ]
-then
-    curl -L https://www.piwheels.org/cp311/cryptography-43.0.0-cp37-abi3-linux_armv7l.whl -o /tmp/cryptography-43.0.0-cp37-abi3-linux_armv7l.whl
-    pip3 install --break-system-packages --no-cache-dir /tmp/cryptography-43.0.0-cp37-abi3-linux_armv7l.whl
-    rm /tmp/cryptography-43.0.0-cp37-abi3-linux_armv7l.whl
-    export PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="https://www.piwheels.org/simple";
-fi
-
 # install build tools in case wheels are not available
 BUILD_DEPS="
     build-essential=12.9
@@ -106,7 +86,7 @@ LIB_DEPS="
     libtiff6=4.5.0-6+deb12u1
     libopenjp2-7=2.5.0-2
 "
-if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "arm64" ] || [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "armv7" ]
+if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "arm64" ]
 then
     apt-get update
     apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $BUILD_DEPS $LIB_DEPS
@@ -115,7 +95,7 @@ fi
 CARGO_REGISTRIES_CRATES_IO_PROTOCOL=sparse CARGO_HOME=/root/.cargo
 pip3 install --break-system-packages --no-cache-dir -r /requirements.txt -r /requirements_optional.txt
 
-if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "arm64" ] || [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "armv7" ]
+if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "arm64" ]
 then
     apt-get remove -y --purge --auto-remove $BUILD_DEPS
     rm -rf /tmp/* /var/{cache,log}/* /var/lib/apt/lists/*
@@ -135,11 +115,7 @@ FROM base AS docker
 
 # Copy esphome and install
 COPY . /esphome
-RUN if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "armv7" ]; then \
+RUN pip3 install --break-system-packages --no-cache-dir -e /esphome
-        export PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="https://www.piwheels.org/simple"; \
-  fi; \
-  pip3 install \
-  --break-system-packages --no-cache-dir -e /esphome
 
 # Settings for dashboard
 ENV USERNAME="" PASSWORD=""
@@ -197,11 +173,7 @@ COPY docker/ha-addon-rootfs/ /
 
 # Copy esphome and install
 COPY . /esphome
-RUN if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "armv7" ]; then \
+RUN pip3 install --break-system-packages --no-cache-dir -e /esphome
-        export PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="https://www.piwheels.org/simple"; \
-  fi; \
-  pip3 install \
-  --break-system-packages --no-cache-dir -e /esphome
 
 # Labels
 LABEL \
@@ -232,21 +204,14 @@ RUN \
         nano=7.2-1+deb12u1 \
         build-essential=12.9 \
         python3-dev=3.11.2-1+b1 \
-    && if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" != "armv7" ]; then \
+        clang-tidy-18=1:18.1.8~++20240731024826+3b5b5c1ec4a3-1~exp1~20240731144843.145 \
-    # move this up after armv7 is retired
+    && rm -rf \
-    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends clang-tidy-18=1:18.1.8~++20240731024826+3b5b5c1ec4a3-1~exp1~20240731144843.145 ; \
-    fi; \
-    rm -rf \
         /tmp/* \
         /var/{cache,log}/* \
         /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 COPY requirements_test.txt /
-RUN if [ "$TARGETARCH$TARGETVARIANT" = "armv7" ]; then \
+RUN pip3 install --break-system-packages --no-cache-dir -r /requirements_test.txt
-        export PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL="https://www.piwheels.org/simple"; \
-  fi; \
-  pip3 install \
-  --break-system-packages --no-cache-dir -r /requirements_test.txt
 
 VOLUME ["/esphome"]
 WORKDIR /esphome

docker/build.py

@@ -1,22 +1,19 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-import subprocess
 import argparse
-from platform import machine
+from dataclasses import dataclass
-import shlex
 import re
+import shlex
+import subprocess
 import sys
 
-
 CHANNEL_DEV = "dev"
 CHANNEL_BETA = "beta"
 CHANNEL_RELEASE = "release"
 CHANNELS = [CHANNEL_DEV, CHANNEL_BETA, CHANNEL_RELEASE]
 
 ARCH_AMD64 = "amd64"
-ARCH_ARMV7 = "armv7"
 ARCH_AARCH64 = "aarch64"
-ARCHS = [ARCH_AMD64, ARCH_ARMV7, ARCH_AARCH64]
+ARCHS = [ARCH_AMD64, ARCH_AARCH64]
 
 TYPE_DOCKER = "docker"
 TYPE_HA_ADDON = "ha-addon"
@@ -76,7 +73,6 @@ class DockerParams:
         }[build_type]
         platform = {
             ARCH_AMD64: "linux/amd64",
-            ARCH_ARMV7: "linux/arm/v7",
             ARCH_AARCH64: "linux/arm64",
         }[arch]
         target = {

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def choose_prompt(options, purpose: str = None):
         return options[0][1]
 
     safe_print(
-        f'Found multiple options{f" for {purpose}" if purpose else ""}, please choose one:'
+        f"Found multiple options{f' for {purpose}' if purpose else ''}, please choose one:"
     )
     for i, (desc, _) in enumerate(options):
         safe_print(f"  [{i + 1}] {desc}")

esphome/components/adc/__init__.py

@@ -36,6 +36,14 @@ ATTENUATION_MODES = {
     "auto": "auto",
 }
 
+sampling_mode = adc_ns.enum("SamplingMode", is_class=True)
+
+SAMPLING_MODES = {
+    "avg": sampling_mode.AVG,
+    "min": sampling_mode.MIN,
+    "max": sampling_mode.MAX,
+}
+
 adc1_channel_t = cg.global_ns.enum("adc1_channel_t")
 adc2_channel_t = cg.global_ns.enum("adc2_channel_t")
 

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor.h

@@ -28,6 +28,21 @@ static const adc_atten_t ADC_ATTEN_DB_12_COMPAT = ADC_ATTEN_DB_11;
 #endif
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
 
+enum class SamplingMode : uint8_t { AVG = 0, MIN = 1, MAX = 2 };
+const LogString *sampling_mode_to_str(SamplingMode mode);
+
+class Aggregator {
+ public:
+  void add_sample(uint32_t value);
+  uint32_t aggregate();
+  Aggregator(SamplingMode mode);
+
+ protected:
+  SamplingMode mode_{SamplingMode::AVG};
+  uint32_t aggr_{0};
+  uint32_t samples_{0};
+};
+
 class ADCSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public voltage_sampler::VoltageSampler {
  public:
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
@@ -54,6 +69,7 @@ class ADCSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public voltage
   void set_pin(InternalGPIOPin *pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
   void set_output_raw(bool output_raw) { this->output_raw_ = output_raw; }
   void set_sample_count(uint8_t sample_count);
+  void set_sampling_mode(SamplingMode sampling_mode);
   float sample() override;
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
@@ -68,6 +84,7 @@ class ADCSensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public voltage
   InternalGPIOPin *pin_;
   bool output_raw_{false};
   uint8_t sample_count_{1};
+  SamplingMode sampling_mode_{SamplingMode::AVG};
 
 #ifdef USE_RP2040
   bool is_temperature_{false};

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_common.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,59 @@ namespace adc {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "adc.common";
 
+const LogString *sampling_mode_to_str(SamplingMode mode) {
+  switch (mode) {
+    case SamplingMode::AVG:
+      return LOG_STR("average");
+    case SamplingMode::MIN:
+      return LOG_STR("minimum");
+    case SamplingMode::MAX:
+      return LOG_STR("maximum");
+  }
+  return LOG_STR("unknown");
+}
+
+Aggregator::Aggregator(SamplingMode mode) {
+  this->mode_ = mode;
+  // set to max uint if mode is "min"
+  if (mode == SamplingMode::MIN) {
+    this->aggr_ = UINT32_MAX;
+  }
+}
+
+void Aggregator::add_sample(uint32_t value) {
+  this->samples_ += 1;
+
+  switch (this->mode_) {
+    case SamplingMode::AVG:
+      this->aggr_ += value;
+      break;
+
+    case SamplingMode::MIN:
+      if (value < this->aggr_) {
+        this->aggr_ = value;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case SamplingMode::MAX:
+      if (value > this->aggr_) {
+        this->aggr_ = value;
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+uint32_t Aggregator::aggregate() {
+  if (this->mode_ == SamplingMode::AVG) {
+    if (this->samples_ == 0) {
+      return this->aggr_;
+    }
+
+    return (this->aggr_ + (this->samples_ >> 1)) / this->samples_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
+  }
+
+  return this->aggr_;
+}
+
 void ADCSensor::update() {
   float value_v = this->sample();
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "'%s': Got voltage=%.4fV", this->get_name().c_str(), value_v);
@@ -18,6 +71,8 @@ void ADCSensor::set_sample_count(uint8_t sample_count) {
   }
 }
 
+void ADCSensor::set_sampling_mode(SamplingMode sampling_mode) { this->sampling_mode_ = sampling_mode; }
+
 float ADCSensor::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }
 
 }  // namespace adc

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp

@@ -78,12 +78,14 @@ void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
     }
   }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Samples: %i", this->sample_count_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Sampling mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(sampling_mode_to_str(this->sampling_mode_)));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
 float ADCSensor::sample() {
   if (!this->autorange_) {
-    uint32_t sum = 0;
+    auto aggr = Aggregator(this->sampling_mode_);
+
     for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
       int raw = -1;
       if (this->channel1_ != ADC1_CHANNEL_MAX) {
@@ -94,13 +96,14 @@ float ADCSensor::sample() {
       if (raw == -1) {
         return NAN;
       }
-      sum += raw;
+
+      aggr.add_sample(raw);
     }
-    sum = (sum + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
     if (this->output_raw_) {
-      return sum;
+      return aggr.aggregate();
     }
-    uint32_t mv = esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(sum, &this->cal_characteristics_[(int32_t) this->attenuation_]);
+    uint32_t mv =
+        esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(aggr.aggregate(), &this->cal_characteristics_[(int32_t) this->attenuation_]);
     return mv / 1000.0f;
   }
 

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp8266.cpp

@@ -31,23 +31,27 @@ void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
 #endif  // USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Samples: %i", this->sample_count_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Sampling mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(sampling_mode_to_str(this->sampling_mode_)));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
 float ADCSensor::sample() {
-  uint32_t raw = 0;
+  auto aggr = Aggregator(this->sampling_mode_);
+
   for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
+    uint32_t raw = 0;
 #ifdef USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
-    raw += ESP.getVcc();  // NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
+    raw = ESP.getVcc();  // NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
 #else
-    raw += analogRead(this->pin_->get_pin());  // NOLINT
+    raw = analogRead(this->pin_->get_pin());  // NOLINT
 #endif  // USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
+    aggr.add_sample(raw);
   }
-  raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
+
   if (this->output_raw_) {
-    return raw;
+    return aggr.aggregate();
   }
-  return raw / 1024.0f;
+  return aggr.aggregate() / 1024.0f;
 }
 
 std::string ADCSensor::unique_id() { return get_mac_address() + "-adc"; }

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_libretiny.cpp

@@ -23,23 +23,28 @@ void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_PIN("  Pin: ", this->pin_);
 #endif  // USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Samples: %i", this->sample_count_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Sampling mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(sampling_mode_to_str(this->sampling_mode_)));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
 float ADCSensor::sample() {
   uint32_t raw = 0;
+  auto aggr = Aggregator(this->sampling_mode_);
+
   if (this->output_raw_) {
     for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
-      raw += analogRead(this->pin_->get_pin());  // NOLINT
+      raw = analogRead(this->pin_->get_pin());  // NOLINT
+      aggr.add_sample(raw);
     }
-    raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
+    return aggr.aggregate();
-    return raw;
   }
+
   for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
-    raw += analogReadVoltage(this->pin_->get_pin());  // NOLINT
+    raw = analogReadVoltage(this->pin_->get_pin());  // NOLINT
+    aggr.add_sample(raw);
   }
-  raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
+
-  return raw / 1000.0f;
+  return aggr.aggregate() / 1000.0f;
 }
 
 }  // namespace adc

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_rp2040.cpp

@@ -34,24 +34,28 @@ void ADCSensor::dump_config() {
 #endif  // USE_ADC_SENSOR_VCC
   }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Samples: %i", this->sample_count_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Sampling mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(sampling_mode_to_str(this->sampling_mode_)));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
 float ADCSensor::sample() {
+  uint32_t raw = 0;
+  auto aggr = Aggregator(this->sampling_mode_);
+
   if (this->is_temperature_) {
     adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(true);
     delay(1);
     adc_select_input(4);
-    uint32_t raw = 0;
+
     for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
-      raw += adc_read();
+      raw = adc_read();
+      aggr.add_sample(raw);
     }
-    raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
     adc_set_temp_sensor_enabled(false);
     if (this->output_raw_) {
-      return raw;
+      return aggr.aggregate();
     }
-    return raw * 3.3f / 4096.0f;
+    return aggr.aggregate() * 3.3f / 4096.0f;
   }
 
   uint8_t pin = this->pin_->get_pin();
@@ -68,11 +72,10 @@ float ADCSensor::sample() {
   adc_gpio_init(pin);
   adc_select_input(pin - 26);
 
-  uint32_t raw = 0;
   for (uint8_t sample = 0; sample < this->sample_count_; sample++) {
-    raw += adc_read();
+    raw = adc_read();
+    aggr.add_sample(raw);
   }
-  raw = (raw + (this->sample_count_ >> 1)) / this->sample_count_;  // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.DivideZero)
 
 #ifdef CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
   if (pin == PICO_VSYS_PIN) {
@@ -81,10 +84,10 @@ float ADCSensor::sample() {
 #endif  // CYW43_USES_VSYS_PIN
 
   if (this->output_raw_) {
-    return raw;
+    return aggr.aggregate();
   }
   float coeff = pin == PICO_VSYS_PIN ? 3.0f : 1.0f;
-  return raw * 3.3f / 4096.0f * coeff;
+  return aggr.aggregate() * 3.3f / 4096.0f * coeff;
 }
 
 }  // namespace adc

esphome/components/adc/sensor.py

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 import logging
 
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-import esphome.final_validate as fv
-from esphome.core import CORE
 from esphome.components import sensor, voltage_sampler
 from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ATTENUATION,
     CONF_ID,
@@ -17,10 +15,14 @@ from esphome.const import (
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_VOLT,
 )
+from esphome.core import CORE
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+
 from . import (
     ATTENUATION_MODES,
     ESP32_VARIANT_ADC1_PIN_TO_CHANNEL,
     ESP32_VARIANT_ADC2_PIN_TO_CHANNEL,
+    SAMPLING_MODES,
     adc_ns,
     validate_adc_pin,
 )
@@ -30,9 +32,11 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 AUTO_LOAD = ["voltage_sampler"]
 
 CONF_SAMPLES = "samples"
+CONF_SAMPLING_MODE = "sampling_mode"
 
 
 _attenuation = cv.enum(ATTENUATION_MODES, lower=True)
+_sampling_mode = cv.enum(SAMPLING_MODES, lower=True)
 
 
 def validate_config(config):
@@ -88,6 +92,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 cv.only_on_esp32, _attenuation
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLES, default=1): cv.int_range(min=1, max=255),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLING_MODE, default="avg"): _sampling_mode,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s")),
@@ -112,6 +117,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add(var.set_output_raw(config[CONF_RAW]))
     cg.add(var.set_sample_count(config[CONF_SAMPLES]))
+    cg.add(var.set_sampling_mode(config[CONF_SAMPLING_MODE]))
 
     if attenuation := config.get(CONF_ATTENUATION):
         if attenuation == "auto":

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -1381,6 +1381,7 @@ message BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse {
 
   uint32 free = 1;
   uint32 limit = 2;
+  repeated uint64 allocated = 3;
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTErrorResponse {

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -6430,6 +6430,10 @@ bool BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVar
       this->limit = value.as_uint32();
       return true;
     }
+    case 3: {
+      this->allocated.push_back(value.as_uint64());
+      return true;
+    }
     default:
       return false;
   }
@@ -6437,6 +6441,9 @@ bool BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVar
 void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->free);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, this->limit);
+  for (auto &it : this->allocated) {
+    buffer.encode_uint64(3, it, true);
+  }
 }
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
 void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
@@ -6451,6 +6458,13 @@ void BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   sprintf(buffer, "%" PRIu32, this->limit);
   out.append(buffer);
   out.append("\n");
+
+  for (const auto &it : this->allocated) {
+    out.append("  allocated: ");
+    sprintf(buffer, "%llu", it);
+    out.append(buffer);
+    out.append("\n");
+  }
   out.append("}");
 }
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -1624,6 +1624,7 @@ class BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   uint32_t free{0};
   uint32_t limit{0};
+  std::vector<uint64_t> allocated{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;

esphome/components/api/client.py

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
-import logging
 from datetime import datetime
-from typing import Any
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 from aioesphomeapi import APIClient
-from aioesphomeapi.api_pb2 import SubscribeLogsResponse
 from aioesphomeapi.log_runner import async_run
 
 from esphome.const import CONF_KEY, CONF_PASSWORD, CONF_PORT, __version__
@@ -14,6 +13,12 @@ from esphome.core import CORE
 
 from . import CONF_ENCRYPTION
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from aioesphomeapi.api_pb2 import (
+        SubscribeLogsResponse,  # pylint: disable=no-name-in-module
+    )
+
+
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 

esphome/components/audio/__init__.py

@@ -1,9 +1,121 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE, CONF_NUM_CHANNELS, CONF_SAMPLE_RATE
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@kahrendt"]
 audio_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("audio")
 
+AudioFile = audio_ns.struct("AudioFile")
+AudioFileType = audio_ns.enum("AudioFileType", is_class=True)
+AUDIO_FILE_TYPE_ENUM = {
+    "NONE": AudioFileType.NONE,
+    "WAV": AudioFileType.WAV,
+    "MP3": AudioFileType.MP3,
+    "FLAC": AudioFileType.FLAC,
+}
+
+
+CONF_MIN_BITS_PER_SAMPLE = "min_bits_per_sample"
+CONF_MAX_BITS_PER_SAMPLE = "max_bits_per_sample"
+CONF_MIN_CHANNELS = "min_channels"
+CONF_MAX_CHANNELS = "max_channels"
+CONF_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE = "min_sample_rate"
+CONF_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE = "max_sample_rate"
+
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema({}),
 )
+
+AUDIO_COMPONENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE): cv.int_range(8, 32),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_NUM_CHANNELS): cv.int_range(1, 2),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE): cv.int_range(8000, 48000),
+    }
+)
+
+
+_UNDEF = object()
+
+
+def set_stream_limits(
+    min_bits_per_sample: int = _UNDEF,
+    max_bits_per_sample: int = _UNDEF,
+    min_channels: int = _UNDEF,
+    max_channels: int = _UNDEF,
+    min_sample_rate: int = _UNDEF,
+    max_sample_rate: int = _UNDEF,
+):
+    def set_limits_in_config(config):
+        if min_bits_per_sample is not _UNDEF:
+            config[CONF_MIN_BITS_PER_SAMPLE] = min_bits_per_sample
+        if max_bits_per_sample is not _UNDEF:
+            config[CONF_MAX_BITS_PER_SAMPLE] = max_bits_per_sample
+        if min_channels is not _UNDEF:
+            config[CONF_MIN_CHANNELS] = min_channels
+        if max_channels is not _UNDEF:
+            config[CONF_MAX_CHANNELS] = max_channels
+        if min_sample_rate is not _UNDEF:
+            config[CONF_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE] = min_sample_rate
+        if max_sample_rate is not _UNDEF:
+            config[CONF_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE] = max_sample_rate
+
+    return set_limits_in_config
+
+
+def final_validate_audio_schema(
+    name: str,
+    *,
+    audio_device: str,
+    bits_per_sample: int,
+    channels: int,
+    sample_rate: int,
+):
+    def validate_audio_compatiblity(audio_config):
+        audio_schema = {}
+
+        try:
+            cv.int_range(
+                min=audio_config.get(CONF_MIN_BITS_PER_SAMPLE),
+                max=audio_config.get(CONF_MAX_BITS_PER_SAMPLE),
+            )(bits_per_sample)
+        except cv.Invalid as exc:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Invalid configuration for the {name} component. The {CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE} {str(exc)}"
+            ) from exc
+
+        try:
+            cv.int_range(
+                min=audio_config.get(CONF_MIN_CHANNELS),
+                max=audio_config.get(CONF_MAX_CHANNELS),
+            )(channels)
+        except cv.Invalid as exc:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Invalid configuration for the {name} component. The {CONF_NUM_CHANNELS} {str(exc)}"
+            ) from exc
+
+        try:
+            cv.int_range(
+                min=audio_config.get(CONF_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE),
+                max=audio_config.get(CONF_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE),
+            )(sample_rate)
+            return cv.Schema(audio_schema, extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA)(audio_config)
+        except cv.Invalid as exc:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Invalid configuration for the {name} component. The {CONF_SAMPLE_RATE} {str(exc)}"
+            ) from exc
+
+    return cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(audio_device): fv.id_declaration_match_schema(
+                validate_audio_compatiblity
+            )
+        },
+        extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA,
+    )
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    cg.add_library("esphome/esp-audio-libs", "1.1.1")

esphome/components/audio/audio.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "audio.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace audio {
+
+// Euclidean's algorithm for finding the greatest common divisor
+static uint32_t gcd(uint32_t a, uint32_t b) {
+  while (b != 0) {
+    uint32_t t = b;
+    b = a % b;
+    a = t;
+  }
+  return a;
+}
+
+AudioStreamInfo::AudioStreamInfo(uint8_t bits_per_sample, uint8_t channels, uint32_t sample_rate)
+    : bits_per_sample_(bits_per_sample), channels_(channels), sample_rate_(sample_rate) {
+  this->ms_sample_rate_gcd_ = gcd(1000, this->sample_rate_);
+  this->bytes_per_sample_ = (this->bits_per_sample_ + 7) / 8;
+}
+
+uint32_t AudioStreamInfo::frames_to_microseconds(uint32_t frames) const {
+  return (frames * 1000000 + (this->sample_rate_ >> 1)) / this->sample_rate_;
+}
+
+uint32_t AudioStreamInfo::frames_to_milliseconds_with_remainder(uint32_t *total_frames) const {
+  uint32_t unprocessable_frames = *total_frames % (this->sample_rate_ / this->ms_sample_rate_gcd_);
+  uint32_t frames_for_ms_calculation = *total_frames - unprocessable_frames;
+
+  uint32_t playback_ms = (frames_for_ms_calculation * 1000) / this->sample_rate_;
+  *total_frames = unprocessable_frames;
+  return playback_ms;
+}
+
+bool AudioStreamInfo::operator==(const AudioStreamInfo &rhs) const {
+  return (this->bits_per_sample_ == rhs.get_bits_per_sample()) && (this->channels_ == rhs.get_channels()) &&
+         (this->sample_rate_ == rhs.get_sample_rate());
+}
+
+const char *audio_file_type_to_string(AudioFileType file_type) {
+  switch (file_type) {
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+    case AudioFileType::FLAC:
+      return "FLAC";
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+    case AudioFileType::MP3:
+      return "MP3";
+#endif
+    case AudioFileType::WAV:
+      return "WAV";
+    default:
+      return "unknown";
+  }
+}
+
+void scale_audio_samples(const int16_t *audio_samples, int16_t *output_buffer, int16_t scale_factor,
+                         size_t samples_to_scale) {
+  // Note the assembly dsps_mulc function has audio glitches if the input and output buffers are the same.
+  for (int i = 0; i < samples_to_scale; i++) {
+    int32_t acc = (int32_t) audio_samples[i] * (int32_t) scale_factor;
+    output_buffer[i] = (int16_t) (acc >> 15);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace audio
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/audio/audio.h

@@ -1,21 +1,139 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace audio {
 
-struct AudioStreamInfo {
+class AudioStreamInfo {
-  bool operator==(const AudioStreamInfo &rhs) const {
+  /* Class to respresent important parameters of the audio stream that also provides helper function to convert between
-    return (channels == rhs.channels) && (bits_per_sample == rhs.bits_per_sample) && (sample_rate == rhs.sample_rate);
+   * various audio related units.
+   *
+   *  - An audio sample represents a unit of audio for one channel.
+   *  - A frame represents a unit of audio with a sample for every channel.
+   *
+   * In gneneral, converting between bytes, samples, and frames shouldn't result in rounding errors so long as frames
+   * are used as the main unit when transferring audio data. Durations may result in rounding for certain sample rates;
+   * e.g., 44.1 KHz. The ``frames_to_milliseconds_with_remainder`` function should be used for accuracy, as it takes
+   * into account the remainder rather than just ignoring any rounding.
+   */
+ public:
+  AudioStreamInfo()
+      : AudioStreamInfo(16, 1, 16000){};  // Default values represent ESPHome's audio components historical values
+  AudioStreamInfo(uint8_t bits_per_sample, uint8_t channels, uint32_t sample_rate);
+
+  uint8_t get_bits_per_sample() const { return this->bits_per_sample_; }
+  uint8_t get_channels() const { return this->channels_; }
+  uint32_t get_sample_rate() const { return this->sample_rate_; }
+
+  /// @brief Convert bytes to duration in milliseconds.
+  /// @param bytes Number of bytes to convert
+  /// @return Duration in milliseconds that will store `bytes` bytes of audio. May round down for certain sample rates
+  ///         or values of `bytes`.
+  uint32_t bytes_to_ms(size_t bytes) const {
+    return bytes * 1000 / (this->sample_rate_ * this->bytes_per_sample_ * this->channels_);
   }
+
+  /// @brief Convert bytes to frames.
+  /// @param bytes Number of bytes to convert
+  /// @return Audio frames that will store `bytes` bytes.
+  uint32_t bytes_to_frames(size_t bytes) const { return (bytes / (this->bytes_per_sample_ * this->channels_)); }
+
+  /// @brief Convert bytes to samples.
+  /// @param bytes Number of bytes to convert
+  /// @return Audio samples that will store `bytes` bytes.
+  uint32_t bytes_to_samples(size_t bytes) const { return (bytes / this->bytes_per_sample_); }
+
+  /// @brief Converts frames to bytes.
+  /// @param frames Number of frames to convert.
+  /// @return Number of bytes that will store `frames` frames of audio.
+  size_t frames_to_bytes(uint32_t frames) const { return frames * this->bytes_per_sample_ * this->channels_; }
+
+  /// @brief Converts samples to bytes.
+  /// @param samples Number of samples to convert.
+  /// @return Number of bytes that will store `samples` samples of audio.
+  size_t samples_to_bytes(uint32_t samples) const { return samples * this->bytes_per_sample_; }
+
+  /// @brief Converts duration to frames.
+  /// @param ms Duration in milliseconds
+  /// @return Audio frames that will store `ms` milliseconds of audio.  May round down for certain sample rates.
+  uint32_t ms_to_frames(uint32_t ms) const { return (ms * this->sample_rate_) / 1000; }
+
+  /// @brief Converts duration to samples.
+  /// @param ms Duration in milliseconds
+  /// @return Audio samples that will store `ms` milliseconds of audio.  May round down for certain sample rates.
+  uint32_t ms_to_samples(uint32_t ms) const { return (ms * this->channels_ * this->sample_rate_) / 1000; }
+
+  /// @brief Converts duration to bytes. May round down for certain sample rates.
+  /// @param ms Duration in milliseconds
+  /// @return Bytes that will store `ms` milliseconds of audio.  May round down for certain sample rates.
+  size_t ms_to_bytes(uint32_t ms) const {
+    return (ms * this->bytes_per_sample_ * this->channels_ * this->sample_rate_) / 1000;
+  }
+
+  /// @brief Computes the duration, in microseconds, the given amount of frames represents.
+  /// @param frames Number of audio frames
+  /// @return Duration in microseconds `frames` respresents. May be slightly inaccurate due to integer divison rounding
+  ///         for certain sample rates.
+  uint32_t frames_to_microseconds(uint32_t frames) const;
+
+  /// @brief Computes the duration, in milliseconds, the given amount of frames represents. Avoids
+  /// accumulating rounding errors by updating `frames` with the remainder after converting.
+  /// @param frames Pointer to uint32_t with the number of audio frames. Replaced with the remainder.
+  /// @return Duration in milliseconds `frames` represents. Always less than or equal to the actual value due to
+  ///         rounding.
+  uint32_t frames_to_milliseconds_with_remainder(uint32_t *frames) const;
+
+  // Class comparison operators
+  bool operator==(const AudioStreamInfo &rhs) const;
   bool operator!=(const AudioStreamInfo &rhs) const { return !operator==(rhs); }
-  size_t get_bytes_per_sample() const { return bits_per_sample / 8; }
+
-  uint8_t channels = 1;
+ protected:
-  uint8_t bits_per_sample = 16;
+  uint8_t bits_per_sample_;
-  uint32_t sample_rate = 16000;
+  uint8_t channels_;
+  uint32_t sample_rate_;
+
+  // The greatest common divisor between 1000 ms = 1 second and the sample rate. Used to avoid accumulating error when
+  // converting from frames to duration. Computed at construction.
+  uint32_t ms_sample_rate_gcd_;
+
+  // Conversion factor derived from the number of bits per sample. Assumes audio data is aligned to the byte. Computed
+  // at construction.
+  size_t bytes_per_sample_;
 };
 
+enum class AudioFileType : uint8_t {
+  NONE = 0,
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+  FLAC,
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+  MP3,
+#endif
+  WAV,
+};
+
+struct AudioFile {
+  const uint8_t *data;
+  size_t length;
+  AudioFileType file_type;
+};
+
+/// @brief Helper function to convert file type to a const char string
+/// @param file_type
+/// @return const char pointer to the readable file type
+const char *audio_file_type_to_string(AudioFileType file_type);
+
+/// @brief Scales Q15 fixed point audio samples. Scales in place if audio_samples == output_buffer.
+/// @param audio_samples PCM int16 audio samples
+/// @param output_buffer Buffer to store the scaled samples
+/// @param scale_factor Q15 fixed point scaling factor
+/// @param samples_to_scale Number of samples to scale
+void scale_audio_samples(const int16_t *audio_samples, int16_t *output_buffer, int16_t scale_factor,
+                         size_t samples_to_scale);
+
 }  // namespace audio
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+#include "audio_decoder.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace audio {
+
+static const uint32_t DECODING_TIMEOUT_MS = 50;    // The decode function will yield after this duration
+static const uint32_t READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 20;  // Timeout for transferring audio data
+
+static const uint32_t MAX_POTENTIALLY_FAILED_COUNT = 10;
+
+AudioDecoder::AudioDecoder(size_t input_buffer_size, size_t output_buffer_size) {
+  this->input_transfer_buffer_ = AudioSourceTransferBuffer::create(input_buffer_size);
+  this->output_transfer_buffer_ = AudioSinkTransferBuffer::create(output_buffer_size);
+}
+
+AudioDecoder::~AudioDecoder() {
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+  if (this->audio_file_type_ == AudioFileType::MP3) {
+    esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::MP3FreeDecoder(this->mp3_decoder_);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+esp_err_t AudioDecoder::add_source(std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &input_ring_buffer) {
+  if (this->input_transfer_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    this->input_transfer_buffer_->set_source(input_ring_buffer);
+    return ESP_OK;
+  }
+  return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+}
+
+esp_err_t AudioDecoder::add_sink(std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &output_ring_buffer) {
+  if (this->output_transfer_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    this->output_transfer_buffer_->set_sink(output_ring_buffer);
+    return ESP_OK;
+  }
+  return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+esp_err_t AudioDecoder::add_sink(speaker::Speaker *speaker) {
+  if (this->output_transfer_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    this->output_transfer_buffer_->set_sink(speaker);
+    return ESP_OK;
+  }
+  return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+}
+#endif
+
+esp_err_t AudioDecoder::start(AudioFileType audio_file_type) {
+  if ((this->input_transfer_buffer_ == nullptr) || (this->output_transfer_buffer_ == nullptr)) {
+    return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+  }
+
+  this->audio_file_type_ = audio_file_type;
+
+  this->potentially_failed_count_ = 0;
+  this->end_of_file_ = false;
+
+  switch (this->audio_file_type_) {
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+    case AudioFileType::FLAC:
+      this->flac_decoder_ = make_unique<esp_audio_libs::flac::FLACDecoder>();
+      this->free_buffer_required_ =
+          this->output_transfer_buffer_->capacity();  // We'll revise this after reading the header
+      break;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+    case AudioFileType::MP3:
+      this->mp3_decoder_ = esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::MP3InitDecoder();
+      this->free_buffer_required_ = 1152 * sizeof(int16_t) * 2;  // samples * size per sample * channels
+      break;
+#endif
+    case AudioFileType::WAV:
+      this->wav_decoder_ = make_unique<esp_audio_libs::wav_decoder::WAVDecoder>();
+      this->wav_decoder_->reset();
+      this->free_buffer_required_ = 1024;
+      break;
+    case AudioFileType::NONE:
+    default:
+      return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
+  if (stop_gracefully) {
+    if (this->output_transfer_buffer_->available() == 0) {
+      if (this->end_of_file_) {
+        // The file decoder indicates it reached the end of file
+        return AudioDecoderState::FINISHED;
+      }
+
+      if (!this->input_transfer_buffer_->has_buffered_data()) {
+        // If all the internal buffers are empty, the decoding is done
+        return AudioDecoderState::FINISHED;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->potentially_failed_count_ > MAX_POTENTIALLY_FAILED_COUNT) {
+    if (stop_gracefully) {
+      // No more new data is going to come in, so decoding is done
+      return AudioDecoderState::FINISHED;
+    }
+    return AudioDecoderState::FAILED;
+  }
+
+  FileDecoderState state = FileDecoderState::MORE_TO_PROCESS;
+
+  uint32_t decoding_start = millis();
+
+  while (state == FileDecoderState::MORE_TO_PROCESS) {
+    // Transfer decoded out
+    if (!this->pause_output_) {
+      size_t bytes_written = this->output_transfer_buffer_->transfer_data_to_sink(pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS));
+      if (this->audio_stream_info_.has_value()) {
+        this->accumulated_frames_written_ += this->audio_stream_info_.value().bytes_to_frames(bytes_written);
+        this->playback_ms_ +=
+            this->audio_stream_info_.value().frames_to_milliseconds_with_remainder(&this->accumulated_frames_written_);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // If paused, block to avoid wasting CPU resources
+      delay(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    // Verify there is enough space to store more decoded audio and that the function hasn't been running too long
+    if ((this->output_transfer_buffer_->free() < this->free_buffer_required_) ||
+        (millis() - decoding_start > DECODING_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
+      return AudioDecoderState::DECODING;
+    }
+
+    // Decode more audio
+
+    size_t bytes_read = this->input_transfer_buffer_->transfer_data_from_source(pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS));
+
+    if ((this->potentially_failed_count_ > 0) && (bytes_read == 0)) {
+      // Failed to decode in last attempt and there is no new data
+
+      if (this->input_transfer_buffer_->free() == 0) {
+        // The input buffer is full. Since it previously failed on the exact same data, we can never recover
+        state = FileDecoderState::FAILED;
+      } else {
+        // Attempt to get more data next time
+        state = FileDecoderState::IDLE;
+      }
+    } else if (this->input_transfer_buffer_->available() == 0) {
+      // No data to decode, attempt to get more data next time
+      state = FileDecoderState::IDLE;
+    } else {
+      switch (this->audio_file_type_) {
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+        case AudioFileType::FLAC:
+          state = this->decode_flac_();
+          break;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+        case AudioFileType::MP3:
+          state = this->decode_mp3_();
+          break;
+#endif
+        case AudioFileType::WAV:
+          state = this->decode_wav_();
+          break;
+        case AudioFileType::NONE:
+        default:
+          state = FileDecoderState::IDLE;
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (state == FileDecoderState::POTENTIALLY_FAILED) {
+      ++this->potentially_failed_count_;
+    } else if (state == FileDecoderState::END_OF_FILE) {
+      this->end_of_file_ = true;
+    } else if (state == FileDecoderState::FAILED) {
+      return AudioDecoderState::FAILED;
+    } else if (state == FileDecoderState::MORE_TO_PROCESS) {
+      this->potentially_failed_count_ = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  return AudioDecoderState::DECODING;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_flac_() {
+  if (!this->audio_stream_info_.has_value()) {
+    // Header hasn't been read
+    auto result = this->flac_decoder_->read_header(this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(),
+                                                   this->input_transfer_buffer_->available());
+
+    if (result == esp_audio_libs::flac::FLAC_DECODER_HEADER_OUT_OF_DATA) {
+      return FileDecoderState::POTENTIALLY_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    if (result != esp_audio_libs::flac::FLAC_DECODER_SUCCESS) {
+      // Couldn't read FLAC header
+      return FileDecoderState::FAILED;
+    }
+
+    size_t bytes_consumed = this->flac_decoder_->get_bytes_index();
+    this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_consumed);
+
+    this->free_buffer_required_ = flac_decoder_->get_output_buffer_size_bytes();
+    if (this->output_transfer_buffer_->capacity() < this->free_buffer_required_) {
+      // Output buffer is not big enough
+      if (!this->output_transfer_buffer_->reallocate(this->free_buffer_required_)) {
+        // Couldn't reallocate output buffer
+        return FileDecoderState::FAILED;
+      }
+    }
+
+    this->audio_stream_info_ =
+        audio::AudioStreamInfo(this->flac_decoder_->get_sample_depth(), this->flac_decoder_->get_num_channels(),
+                               this->flac_decoder_->get_sample_rate());
+
+    return FileDecoderState::MORE_TO_PROCESS;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t output_samples = 0;
+  auto result = this->flac_decoder_->decode_frame(
+      this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(), this->input_transfer_buffer_->available(),
+      reinterpret_cast<int16_t *>(this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end()), &output_samples);
+
+  if (result == esp_audio_libs::flac::FLAC_DECODER_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATA) {
+    // Not an issue, just needs more data that we'll get next time.
+    return FileDecoderState::POTENTIALLY_FAILED;
+  }
+
+  size_t bytes_consumed = this->flac_decoder_->get_bytes_index();
+  this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_consumed);
+
+  if (result > esp_audio_libs::flac::FLAC_DECODER_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATA) {
+    // Corrupted frame, don't retry with current buffer content, wait for new sync
+    return FileDecoderState::POTENTIALLY_FAILED;
+  }
+
+  // We have successfully decoded some input data and have new output data
+  this->output_transfer_buffer_->increase_buffer_length(
+      this->audio_stream_info_.value().samples_to_bytes(output_samples));
+
+  if (result == esp_audio_libs::flac::FLAC_DECODER_NO_MORE_FRAMES) {
+    return FileDecoderState::END_OF_FILE;
+  }
+
+  return FileDecoderState::MORE_TO_PROCESS;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_mp3_() {
+  // Look for the next sync word
+  int buffer_length = (int) this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
+  int32_t offset =
+      esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::MP3FindSyncWord(this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(), buffer_length);
+
+  if (offset < 0) {
+    // New data may have the sync word
+    this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(buffer_length);
+    return FileDecoderState::POTENTIALLY_FAILED;
+  }
+
+  // Advance read pointer to match the offset for the syncword
+  this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(offset);
+  uint8_t *buffer_start = this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start();
+
+  buffer_length = (int) this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
+  int err = esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::MP3Decode(this->mp3_decoder_, &buffer_start, &buffer_length,
+                                                     (int16_t *) this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), 0);
+
+  size_t consumed = this->input_transfer_buffer_->available() - buffer_length;
+  this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(consumed);
+
+  if (err) {
+    switch (err) {
+      case esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::ERR_MP3_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
+        // Intentional fallthrough
+      case esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::ERR_MP3_NULL_POINTER:
+        return FileDecoderState::FAILED;
+        break;
+      default:
+        // Most errors are recoverable by moving on to the next frame, so mark as potentailly failed
+        return FileDecoderState::POTENTIALLY_FAILED;
+        break;
+    }
+  } else {
+    esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::MP3FrameInfo mp3_frame_info;
+    esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::MP3GetLastFrameInfo(this->mp3_decoder_, &mp3_frame_info);
+    if (mp3_frame_info.outputSamps > 0) {
+      int bytes_per_sample = (mp3_frame_info.bitsPerSample / 8);
+      this->output_transfer_buffer_->increase_buffer_length(mp3_frame_info.outputSamps * bytes_per_sample);
+
+      if (!this->audio_stream_info_.has_value()) {
+        this->audio_stream_info_ =
+            audio::AudioStreamInfo(mp3_frame_info.bitsPerSample, mp3_frame_info.nChans, mp3_frame_info.samprate);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return FileDecoderState::MORE_TO_PROCESS;
+}
+#endif
+
+FileDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode_wav_() {
+  if (!this->audio_stream_info_.has_value()) {
+    // Header hasn't been processed
+
+    esp_audio_libs::wav_decoder::WAVDecoderResult result = this->wav_decoder_->decode_header(
+        this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(), this->input_transfer_buffer_->available());
+
+    if (result == esp_audio_libs::wav_decoder::WAV_DECODER_SUCCESS_IN_DATA) {
+      this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(this->wav_decoder_->bytes_processed());
+
+      this->audio_stream_info_ = audio::AudioStreamInfo(
+          this->wav_decoder_->bits_per_sample(), this->wav_decoder_->num_channels(), this->wav_decoder_->sample_rate());
+
+      this->wav_bytes_left_ = this->wav_decoder_->chunk_bytes_left();
+      this->wav_has_known_end_ = (this->wav_bytes_left_ > 0);
+      return FileDecoderState::MORE_TO_PROCESS;
+    } else if (result == esp_audio_libs::wav_decoder::WAV_DECODER_WARNING_INCOMPLETE_DATA) {
+      // Available data didn't have the full header
+      return FileDecoderState::POTENTIALLY_FAILED;
+    } else {
+      return FileDecoderState::FAILED;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!this->wav_has_known_end_ || (this->wav_bytes_left_ > 0)) {
+      size_t bytes_to_copy = this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
+
+      if (this->wav_has_known_end_) {
+        bytes_to_copy = std::min(bytes_to_copy, this->wav_bytes_left_);
+      }
+
+      bytes_to_copy = std::min(bytes_to_copy, this->output_transfer_buffer_->free());
+
+      if (bytes_to_copy > 0) {
+        std::memcpy(this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(),
+                    bytes_to_copy);
+        this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_to_copy);
+        this->output_transfer_buffer_->increase_buffer_length(bytes_to_copy);
+        if (this->wav_has_known_end_) {
+          this->wav_bytes_left_ -= bytes_to_copy;
+        }
+      }
+      return FileDecoderState::IDLE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return FileDecoderState::END_OF_FILE;
+}
+
+}  // namespace audio
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "audio.h"
+#include "audio_transfer_buffer.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/ring_buffer.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+#include "esphome/components/speaker/speaker.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "esp_err.h"
+
+// esp-audio-libs
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+#include <flac_decoder.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+#include <mp3_decoder.h>
+#endif
+#include <wav_decoder.h>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace audio {
+
+enum class AudioDecoderState : uint8_t {
+  DECODING = 0,  // More data is available to decode
+  FINISHED,      // All file data has been decoded and transferred
+  FAILED,        // Encountered an error
+};
+
+// Only used within the AudioDecoder class; conveys the state of the particular file type decoder
+enum class FileDecoderState : uint8_t {
+  MORE_TO_PROCESS,     // Successsfully read a file chunk and more data is available to decode
+  IDLE,                // Not enough data to decode, waiting for more to be transferred
+  POTENTIALLY_FAILED,  // Decoder encountered a potentially recoverable error if more file data is available
+  FAILED,              // Decoder encoutnered an uncrecoverable error
+  END_OF_FILE,         // The specific file decoder knows its the end of the file
+};
+
+class AudioDecoder {
+  /*
+   * @brief Class that facilitates decoding an audio file.
+   * The audio file is read from a ring buffer source, decoded, and sent to an audio sink (ring buffer or speaker
+   * component).
+   * Supports wav, flac, and mp3 formats.
+   */
+ public:
+  /// @brief Allocates the input and output transfer buffers
+  /// @param input_buffer_size Size of the input transfer buffer in bytes.
+  /// @param output_buffer_size Size of the output transfer buffer in bytes.
+  AudioDecoder(size_t input_buffer_size, size_t output_buffer_size);
+
+  /// @brief Deallocates the MP3 decoder (the flac and wav decoders are deallocated automatically)
+  ~AudioDecoder();
+
+  /// @brief Adds a source ring buffer for raw file data. Takes ownership of the ring buffer in a shared_ptr.
+  /// @param input_ring_buffer weak_ptr of a shared_ptr of the sink ring buffer to transfer ownership
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successsful, ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the transfer buffer wasn't allocated
+  esp_err_t add_source(std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &input_ring_buffer);
+
+  /// @brief Adds a sink ring buffer for decoded audio. Takes ownership of the ring buffer in a shared_ptr.
+  /// @param output_ring_buffer weak_ptr of a shared_ptr of the sink ring buffer to transfer ownership
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successsful, ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the transfer buffer wasn't allocated
+  esp_err_t add_sink(std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &output_ring_buffer);
+
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+  /// @brief Adds a sink speaker for decoded audio.
+  /// @param speaker pointer to speaker component
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successsful, ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the transfer buffer wasn't allocated
+  esp_err_t add_sink(speaker::Speaker *speaker);
+#endif
+
+  /// @brief Sets up decoding the file
+  /// @param audio_file_type AudioFileType of the file
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successful, ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the transfer buffers fail to allocate, or ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED if
+  /// the format isn't supported.
+  esp_err_t start(AudioFileType audio_file_type);
+
+  /// @brief Decodes audio from the ring buffer source and writes to the sink.
+  /// @param stop_gracefully If true, it indicates the file source is finished. The decoder will decode all the
+  /// reamining data and then finish.
+  /// @return AudioDecoderState
+  AudioDecoderState decode(bool stop_gracefully);
+
+  /// @brief Gets the audio stream information, if it has been decoded from the files header
+  /// @return optional<AudioStreamInfo> with the audio information. If not available yet, returns no value.
+  const optional<audio::AudioStreamInfo> &get_audio_stream_info() const { return this->audio_stream_info_; }
+
+  /// @brief Returns the duration of audio (in milliseconds) decoded and sent to the sink
+  /// @return Duration of decoded audio in milliseconds
+  uint32_t get_playback_ms() const { return this->playback_ms_; }
+
+  /// @brief Pauses sending resampled audio to the sink. If paused, it will continue to process internal buffers.
+  /// @param pause_state If true, audio data is not sent to the sink.
+  void set_pause_output_state(bool pause_state) { this->pause_output_ = pause_state; }
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<esp_audio_libs::wav_decoder::WAVDecoder> wav_decoder_;
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+  FileDecoderState decode_flac_();
+  std::unique_ptr<esp_audio_libs::flac::FLACDecoder> flac_decoder_;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+  FileDecoderState decode_mp3_();
+  esp_audio_libs::helix_decoder::HMP3Decoder mp3_decoder_;
+#endif
+  FileDecoderState decode_wav_();
+
+  std::unique_ptr<AudioSourceTransferBuffer> input_transfer_buffer_;
+  std::unique_ptr<AudioSinkTransferBuffer> output_transfer_buffer_;
+
+  AudioFileType audio_file_type_{AudioFileType::NONE};
+  optional<AudioStreamInfo> audio_stream_info_{};
+
+  size_t free_buffer_required_{0};
+  size_t wav_bytes_left_{0};
+
+  uint32_t potentially_failed_count_{0};
+  bool end_of_file_{false};
+  bool wav_has_known_end_{false};
+
+  bool pause_output_{false};
+
+  uint32_t accumulated_frames_written_{0};
+  uint32_t playback_ms_{0};
+};
+}  // namespace audio
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+#include "audio_reader.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+#if CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE
+#include "esp_crt_bundle.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace audio {
+
+static const uint32_t READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 20;
+
+// The number of times the http read times out with no data before throwing an error
+static const uint32_t ERROR_COUNT_NO_DATA_READ_TIMEOUT = 100;
+
+static const size_t HTTP_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 2048;
+
+static const uint8_t MAX_REDIRECTION = 5;
+
+// Some common HTTP status codes - borrowed from http_request component accessed 20241224
+enum HttpStatus {
+  HTTP_STATUS_OK = 200,
+  HTTP_STATUS_NO_CONTENT = 204,
+  HTTP_STATUS_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206,
+
+  /* 3xx - Redirection */
+  HTTP_STATUS_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300,
+  HTTP_STATUS_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301,
+  HTTP_STATUS_FOUND = 302,
+  HTTP_STATUS_SEE_OTHER = 303,
+  HTTP_STATUS_NOT_MODIFIED = 304,
+  HTTP_STATUS_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307,
+  HTTP_STATUS_PERMANENT_REDIRECT = 308,
+
+  /* 4XX - CLIENT ERROR */
+  HTTP_STATUS_BAD_REQUEST = 400,
+  HTTP_STATUS_UNAUTHORIZED = 401,
+  HTTP_STATUS_FORBIDDEN = 403,
+  HTTP_STATUS_NOT_FOUND = 404,
+  HTTP_STATUS_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405,
+  HTTP_STATUS_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406,
+  HTTP_STATUS_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411,
+
+  /* 5xx - Server Error */
+  HTTP_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERROR = 500
+};
+
+AudioReader::~AudioReader() { this->cleanup_connection_(); }
+
+esp_err_t AudioReader::add_sink(const std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &output_ring_buffer) {
+  if (current_audio_file_ != nullptr) {
+    // A transfer buffer isn't ncessary for a local file
+    this->file_ring_buffer_ = output_ring_buffer.lock();
+    return ESP_OK;
+  }
+
+  if (this->output_transfer_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    this->output_transfer_buffer_->set_sink(output_ring_buffer);
+    return ESP_OK;
+  }
+
+  return ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+}
+
+esp_err_t AudioReader::start(AudioFile *audio_file, AudioFileType &file_type) {
+  file_type = AudioFileType::NONE;
+
+  this->current_audio_file_ = audio_file;
+
+  this->file_current_ = audio_file->data;
+  file_type = audio_file->file_type;
+
+  return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+esp_err_t AudioReader::start(const std::string &uri, AudioFileType &file_type) {
+  file_type = AudioFileType::NONE;
+
+  this->cleanup_connection_();
+
+  if (uri.empty()) {
+    return ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
+  }
+
+  esp_http_client_config_t client_config = {};
+
+  client_config.url = uri.c_str();
+  client_config.cert_pem = nullptr;
+  client_config.disable_auto_redirect = false;
+  client_config.max_redirection_count = 10;
+  client_config.event_handler = http_event_handler;
+  client_config.user_data = this;
+  client_config.buffer_size = HTTP_STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE;
+  client_config.keep_alive_enable = true;
+  client_config.timeout_ms = 5000;  // Shouldn't trigger watchdog resets if caller runs in a task
+
+#if CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE
+  if (uri.find("https:") != std::string::npos) {
+    client_config.crt_bundle_attach = esp_crt_bundle_attach;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  this->client_ = esp_http_client_init(&client_config);
+
+  if (this->client_ == nullptr) {
+    return ESP_FAIL;
+  }
+
+  esp_err_t err = esp_http_client_open(this->client_, 0);
+
+  if (err != ESP_OK) {
+    this->cleanup_connection_();
+    return err;
+  }
+
+  int64_t header_length = esp_http_client_fetch_headers(this->client_);
+  if (header_length < 0) {
+    this->cleanup_connection_();
+    return ESP_FAIL;
+  }
+
+  int status_code = esp_http_client_get_status_code(this->client_);
+
+  if ((status_code < HTTP_STATUS_OK) || (status_code > HTTP_STATUS_PERMANENT_REDIRECT)) {
+    this->cleanup_connection_();
+    return ESP_FAIL;
+  }
+
+  ssize_t redirect_count = 0;
+
+  while ((esp_http_client_set_redirection(this->client_) == ESP_OK) && (redirect_count < MAX_REDIRECTION)) {
+    err = esp_http_client_open(this->client_, 0);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      this->cleanup_connection_();
+      return ESP_FAIL;
+    }
+
+    header_length = esp_http_client_fetch_headers(this->client_);
+    if (header_length < 0) {
+      this->cleanup_connection_();
+      return ESP_FAIL;
+    }
+
+    status_code = esp_http_client_get_status_code(this->client_);
+
+    if ((status_code < HTTP_STATUS_OK) || (status_code > HTTP_STATUS_PERMANENT_REDIRECT)) {
+      this->cleanup_connection_();
+      return ESP_FAIL;
+    }
+
+    ++redirect_count;
+  }
+
+  if (this->audio_file_type_ == AudioFileType::NONE) {
+    // Failed to determine the file type from the header, fallback to using the url
+    char url[500];
+    err = esp_http_client_get_url(this->client_, url, 500);
+    if (err != ESP_OK) {
+      this->cleanup_connection_();
+      return err;
+    }
+
+    std::string url_string = str_lower_case(url);
+
+    if (str_endswith(url_string, ".wav")) {
+      file_type = AudioFileType::WAV;
+    }
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+    else if (str_endswith(url_string, ".mp3")) {
+      file_type = AudioFileType::MP3;
+    }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+    else if (str_endswith(url_string, ".flac")) {
+      file_type = AudioFileType::FLAC;
+    }
+#endif
+    else {
+      file_type = AudioFileType::NONE;
+      this->cleanup_connection_();
+      return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    }
+  } else {
+    file_type = this->audio_file_type_;
+  }
+
+  this->no_data_read_count_ = 0;
+
+  this->output_transfer_buffer_ = AudioSinkTransferBuffer::create(this->buffer_size_);
+  if (this->output_transfer_buffer_ == nullptr) {
+    return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+  }
+
+  return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+AudioReaderState AudioReader::read() {
+  if (this->client_ != nullptr) {
+    return this->http_read_();
+  } else if (this->current_audio_file_ != nullptr) {
+    return this->file_read_();
+  }
+
+  return AudioReaderState::FAILED;
+}
+
+AudioFileType AudioReader::get_audio_type(const char *content_type) {
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_MP3_SUPPORT
+  if (strcasecmp(content_type, "mp3") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/mp3") == 0 ||
+      strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/mpeg") == 0) {
+    return AudioFileType::MP3;
+  }
+#endif
+  if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/wav") == 0) {
+    return AudioFileType::WAV;
+  }
+#ifdef USE_AUDIO_FLAC_SUPPORT
+  if (strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/flac") == 0 || strcasecmp(content_type, "audio/x-flac") == 0) {
+    return AudioFileType::FLAC;
+  }
+#endif
+  return AudioFileType::NONE;
+}
+
+esp_err_t AudioReader::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
+  // Based on https://github.com/maroc81/WeatherLily/tree/main/main/net accessed 20241224
+  AudioReader *this_reader = (AudioReader *) evt->user_data;
+
+  switch (evt->event_id) {
+    case HTTP_EVENT_ON_HEADER:
+      if (strcasecmp(evt->header_key, "Content-Type") == 0) {
+        this_reader->audio_file_type_ = get_audio_type(evt->header_value);
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+AudioReaderState AudioReader::file_read_() {
+  size_t remaining_bytes = this->current_audio_file_->length - (this->file_current_ - this->current_audio_file_->data);
+  if (remaining_bytes > 0) {
+    size_t bytes_written = this->file_ring_buffer_->write_without_replacement(this->file_current_, remaining_bytes,
+                                                                              pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS));
+    this->file_current_ += bytes_written;
+
+    return AudioReaderState::READING;
+  }
+
+  return AudioReaderState::FINISHED;
+}
+
+AudioReaderState AudioReader::http_read_() {
+  this->output_transfer_buffer_->transfer_data_to_sink(pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS));
+
+  if (esp_http_client_is_complete_data_received(this->client_)) {
+    if (this->output_transfer_buffer_->available() == 0) {
+      this->cleanup_connection_();
+      return AudioReaderState::FINISHED;
+    }
+  } else {
+    size_t bytes_to_read = this->output_transfer_buffer_->free();
+    int received_len =
+        esp_http_client_read(this->client_, (char *) this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), bytes_to_read);
+
+    if (received_len > 0) {
+      this->output_transfer_buffer_->increase_buffer_length(received_len);
+
+      this->no_data_read_count_ = 0;
+    } else if (received_len < 0) {
+      // HTTP read error
+      this->cleanup_connection_();
+      return AudioReaderState::FAILED;
+    } else {
+      if (bytes_to_read > 0) {
+        // Read timed out
+        ++this->no_data_read_count_;
+        if (this->no_data_read_count_ >= ERROR_COUNT_NO_DATA_READ_TIMEOUT) {
+          // Timed out with no data read too many times, so the http read has failed
+          this->cleanup_connection_();
+          return AudioReaderState::FAILED;
+        }
+        delay(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return AudioReaderState::READING;
+}
+
+void AudioReader::cleanup_connection_() {
+  if (this->client_ != nullptr) {
+    esp_http_client_close(this->client_);
+    esp_http_client_cleanup(this->client_);
+    this->client_ = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace audio
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/audio/audio_reader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
+
+#include "audio.h"
+#include "audio_transfer_buffer.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/ring_buffer.h"
+
+#include "esp_err.h"
+
+#include <esp_http_client.h>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace audio {
+
+enum class AudioReaderState : uint8_t {
+  READING = 0,  // More data is available to read
+  FINISHED,     // All data has been read and transferred
+  FAILED,       // Encountered an error
+};
+
+class AudioReader {
+  /*
+   * @brief Class that facilitates reading a raw audio file.
+   * Files can be read from flash (stored in a AudioFile struct) or from an http source.
+   * The file data is sent to a ring buffer sink.
+   */
+ public:
+  /// @brief Constructs an AudioReader object.
+  /// The transfer buffer isn't allocated here, but only if necessary (an http source) in the start function.
+  /// @param buffer_size Transfer buffer size in bytes.
+  AudioReader(size_t buffer_size) : buffer_size_(buffer_size) {}
+  ~AudioReader();
+
+  /// @brief Adds a sink ring buffer for audio data. Takes ownership of the ring buffer in a shared_ptr
+  /// @param output_ring_buffer weak_ptr of a shared_ptr of the sink ring buffer to transfer ownership
+  /// @return  ESP_OK if successful, ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE otherwise
+  esp_err_t add_sink(const std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &output_ring_buffer);
+
+  /// @brief Starts reading an audio file from an http source. The transfer buffer is allocated here.
+  /// @param uri Web url to the http file.
+  /// @param file_type AudioFileType variable passed-by-reference indicating the type of file being read.
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successful, an ESP_ERR* code otherwise.
+  esp_err_t start(const std::string &uri, AudioFileType &file_type);
+
+  /// @brief Starts reading an audio file from flash. No transfer buffer is allocated.
+  /// @param audio_file AudioFile struct containing the file.
+  /// @param file_type AudioFileType variable passed-by-reference indicating the type of file being read.
+  /// @return ESP_OK
+  esp_err_t start(AudioFile *audio_file, AudioFileType &file_type);
+
+  /// @brief Reads new file data from the source and sends to the ring buffer sink.
+  /// @return AudioReaderState
+  AudioReaderState read();
+
+ protected:
+  /// @brief Monitors the http client events to attempt determining the file type from the Content-Type header
+  static esp_err_t http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt);
+
+  /// @brief Determines the audio file type from the http header's Content-Type key
+  /// @param content_type string with the Content-Type key
+  /// @return AudioFileType of the url, if it can be determined. If not, return AudioFileType::NONE.
+  static AudioFileType get_audio_type(const char *content_type);
+
+  AudioReaderState file_read_();
+  AudioReaderState http_read_();
+
+  std::shared_ptr<RingBuffer> file_ring_buffer_;
+  std::unique_ptr<AudioSinkTransferBuffer> output_transfer_buffer_;
+  void cleanup_connection_();
+
+  size_t buffer_size_;
+  uint32_t no_data_read_count_;
+
+  esp_http_client_handle_t client_{nullptr};
+
+  AudioFile *current_audio_file_{nullptr};
+  AudioFileType audio_file_type_{AudioFileType::NONE};
+  const uint8_t *file_current_{nullptr};
+};
+}  // namespace audio
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/audio/audio_resampler.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#include "audio_resampler.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace audio {
+
+static const uint32_t READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS = 20;
+
+AudioResampler::AudioResampler(size_t input_buffer_size, size_t output_buffer_size)
+    : input_buffer_size_(input_buffer_size), output_buffer_size_(output_buffer_size) {
+  this->input_transfer_buffer_ = AudioSourceTransferBuffer::create(input_buffer_size);
+  this->output_transfer_buffer_ = AudioSinkTransferBuffer::create(output_buffer_size);
+}
+
+esp_err_t AudioResampler::add_source(std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &input_ring_buffer) {
+  if (this->input_transfer_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    this->input_transfer_buffer_->set_source(input_ring_buffer);
+    return ESP_OK;
+  }
+  return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+}
+
+esp_err_t AudioResampler::add_sink(std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &output_ring_buffer) {
+  if (this->output_transfer_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    this->output_transfer_buffer_->set_sink(output_ring_buffer);
+    return ESP_OK;
+  }
+  return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+esp_err_t AudioResampler::add_sink(speaker::Speaker *speaker) {
+  if (this->output_transfer_buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    this->output_transfer_buffer_->set_sink(speaker);
+    return ESP_OK;
+  }
+  return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+}
+#endif
+
+esp_err_t AudioResampler::start(AudioStreamInfo &input_stream_info, AudioStreamInfo &output_stream_info,
+                                uint16_t number_of_taps, uint16_t number_of_filters) {
+  this->input_stream_info_ = input_stream_info;
+  this->output_stream_info_ = output_stream_info;
+
+  if ((this->input_transfer_buffer_ == nullptr) || (this->output_transfer_buffer_ == nullptr)) {
+    return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+  }
+
+  if ((input_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample() > 32) || (output_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample() > 32) ||
+      (input_stream_info_.get_channels() != output_stream_info.get_channels())) {
+    return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+  }
+
+  if ((input_stream_info.get_sample_rate() != output_stream_info.get_sample_rate()) ||
+      (input_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample() != output_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample())) {
+    this->resampler_ = make_unique<esp_audio_libs::resampler::Resampler>(
+        input_stream_info.bytes_to_samples(this->input_buffer_size_),
+        output_stream_info.bytes_to_samples(this->output_buffer_size_));
+
+    // Use cascaded biquad filters when downsampling to avoid aliasing
+    bool use_pre_filter = output_stream_info.get_sample_rate() < input_stream_info.get_sample_rate();
+
+    esp_audio_libs::resampler::ResamplerConfiguration resample_config = {
+        .source_sample_rate = static_cast<float>(input_stream_info.get_sample_rate()),
+        .target_sample_rate = static_cast<float>(output_stream_info.get_sample_rate()),
+        .source_bits_per_sample = input_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(),
+        .target_bits_per_sample = output_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(),
+        .channels = input_stream_info_.get_channels(),
+        .use_pre_or_post_filter = use_pre_filter,
+        .subsample_interpolate = false,  // Doubles the CPU load. Using more filters is a better alternative
+        .number_of_taps = number_of_taps,
+        .number_of_filters = number_of_filters,
+    };
+
+    if (!this->resampler_->initialize(resample_config)) {
+      // Failed to allocate the resampler's internal buffers
+      return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return ESP_OK;
+}
+
+AudioResamplerState AudioResampler::resample(bool stop_gracefully, int32_t *ms_differential) {
+  if (stop_gracefully) {
+    if (!this->input_transfer_buffer_->has_buffered_data() && (this->output_transfer_buffer_->available() == 0)) {
+      return AudioResamplerState::FINISHED;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!this->pause_output_) {
+    // Move audio data to the sink
+    this->output_transfer_buffer_->transfer_data_to_sink(pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS));
+  } else {
+    // If paused, block to avoid wasting CPU resources
+    delay(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS);
+  }
+
+  this->input_transfer_buffer_->transfer_data_from_source(pdMS_TO_TICKS(READ_WRITE_TIMEOUT_MS));
+
+  if (this->input_transfer_buffer_->available() == 0) {
+    // No samples available to process
+    return AudioResamplerState::RESAMPLING;
+  }
+
+  const size_t bytes_free = this->output_transfer_buffer_->free();
+  const uint32_t frames_free = this->output_stream_info_.bytes_to_frames(bytes_free);
+
+  const size_t bytes_available = this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
+  const uint32_t frames_available = this->input_stream_info_.bytes_to_frames(bytes_available);
+
+  if ((this->input_stream_info_.get_sample_rate() != this->output_stream_info_.get_sample_rate()) ||
+      (this->input_stream_info_.get_bits_per_sample() != this->output_stream_info_.get_bits_per_sample())) {
+    esp_audio_libs::resampler::ResamplerResults results =
+        this->resampler_->resample(this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(),
+                                   this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(), frames_available, frames_free, -3);
+
+    this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(this->input_stream_info_.frames_to_bytes(results.frames_used));
+    this->output_transfer_buffer_->increase_buffer_length(
+        this->output_stream_info_.frames_to_bytes(results.frames_generated));
+
+    // Resampling causes slight differences in the durations used versus generated. Computes the difference in
+    // millisconds. The callback function passing the played audio duration uses the difference to convert from output
+    // duration to input duration.
+    this->accumulated_frames_used_ += results.frames_used;
+    this->accumulated_frames_generated_ += results.frames_generated;
+
+    const int32_t used_ms =
+        this->input_stream_info_.frames_to_milliseconds_with_remainder(&this->accumulated_frames_used_);
+    const int32_t generated_ms =
+        this->output_stream_info_.frames_to_milliseconds_with_remainder(&this->accumulated_frames_generated_);
+
+    *ms_differential = used_ms - generated_ms;
+
+  } else {
+    // No resampling required, copy samples directly to the output transfer buffer
+    *ms_differential = 0;
+
+    const size_t bytes_to_transfer = std::min(this->output_stream_info_.frames_to_bytes(frames_free),
+                                              this->input_stream_info_.frames_to_bytes(frames_available));
+
+    std::memcpy((void *) this->output_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_end(),
+                (void *) this->input_transfer_buffer_->get_buffer_start(), bytes_to_transfer);
+
+    this->input_transfer_buffer_->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_to_transfer);
+    this->output_transfer_buffer_->increase_buffer_length(bytes_to_transfer);
+  }
+
+  return AudioResamplerState::RESAMPLING;
+}
+
+}  // namespace audio
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/audio/audio_resampler.h

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "audio.h"
+#include "audio_transfer_buffer.h"
+
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/ring_buffer.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+#include "esphome/components/speaker/speaker.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "esp_err.h"
+
+#include <resampler.h>  // esp-audio-libs
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace audio {
+
+enum class AudioResamplerState : uint8_t {
+  RESAMPLING,  // More data is available to resample
+  FINISHED,    // All file data has been resampled and transferred
+  FAILED,      // Unused state included for consistency among Audio classes
+};
+
+class AudioResampler {
+  /*
+   * @brief Class that facilitates resampling audio.
+   * The audio data is read from a ring buffer source, resampled, and sent to an audio sink (ring buffer or speaker
+   * component). Also supports converting bits per sample.
+   */
+ public:
+  /// @brief Allocates the input and output transfer buffers
+  /// @param input_buffer_size Size of the input transfer buffer in bytes.
+  /// @param output_buffer_size Size of the output transfer buffer in bytes.
+  AudioResampler(size_t input_buffer_size, size_t output_buffer_size);
+
+  /// @brief Adds a source ring buffer for audio data. Takes ownership of the ring buffer in a shared_ptr.
+  /// @param input_ring_buffer weak_ptr of a shared_ptr of the sink ring buffer to transfer ownership
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successsful, ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the transfer buffer wasn't allocated
+  esp_err_t add_source(std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &input_ring_buffer);
+
+  /// @brief Adds a sink ring buffer for resampled audio. Takes ownership of the ring buffer in a shared_ptr.
+  /// @param output_ring_buffer weak_ptr of a shared_ptr of the sink ring buffer to transfer ownership
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successsful, ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the transfer buffer wasn't allocated
+  esp_err_t add_sink(std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &output_ring_buffer);
+
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+  /// @brief Adds a sink speaker for decoded audio.
+  /// @param speaker pointer to speaker component
+  /// @return ESP_OK if successsful, ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the transfer buffer wasn't allocated
+  esp_err_t add_sink(speaker::Speaker *speaker);
+#endif
+
+  /// @brief Sets up the class to resample.
+  /// @param input_stream_info The incoming sample rate, bits per sample, and number of channels
+  /// @param output_stream_info The desired outgoing sample rate, bits per sample, and number of channels
+  /// @param number_of_taps Number of taps per FIR filter
+  /// @param number_of_filters Number of FIR filters
+  /// @return ESP_OK if it is able to convert the incoming stream,
+  ///         ESP_ERR_NO_MEM if the transfer buffers failed to allocate,
+  ///         ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED if the stream can't be converted.
+  esp_err_t start(AudioStreamInfo &input_stream_info, AudioStreamInfo &output_stream_info, uint16_t number_of_taps,
+                  uint16_t number_of_filters);
+
+  /// @brief Resamples audio from the ring buffer source and writes to the sink.
+  /// @param stop_gracefully If true, it indicates the file decoder is finished. The resampler will resample all the
+  ///                        remaining audio and then finish.
+  /// @param ms_differential Pointer to a (int32_t) variable that will store the difference, in milliseconds, between
+  ///                        the duration of input audio used and the duration of output audio generated.
+  /// @return AudioResamplerState
+  AudioResamplerState resample(bool stop_gracefully, int32_t *ms_differential);
+
+  /// @brief Pauses sending resampled audio to the sink. If paused, it will continue to process internal buffers.
+  /// @param pause_state If true, audio data is not sent to the sink.
+  void set_pause_output_state(bool pause_state) { this->pause_output_ = pause_state; }
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<AudioSourceTransferBuffer> input_transfer_buffer_;
+  std::unique_ptr<AudioSinkTransferBuffer> output_transfer_buffer_;
+
+  size_t input_buffer_size_;
+  size_t output_buffer_size_;
+
+  uint32_t accumulated_frames_used_{0};
+  uint32_t accumulated_frames_generated_{0};
+
+  bool pause_output_{false};
+
+  AudioStreamInfo input_stream_info_;
+  AudioStreamInfo output_stream_info_;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<esp_audio_libs::resampler::Resampler> resampler_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace audio
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#include "audio_transfer_buffer.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace audio {
+
+AudioTransferBuffer::~AudioTransferBuffer() { this->deallocate_buffer_(); };
+
+std::unique_ptr<AudioSinkTransferBuffer> AudioSinkTransferBuffer::create(size_t buffer_size) {
+  std::unique_ptr<AudioSinkTransferBuffer> sink_buffer = make_unique<AudioSinkTransferBuffer>();
+
+  if (!sink_buffer->allocate_buffer_(buffer_size)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return sink_buffer;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<AudioSourceTransferBuffer> AudioSourceTransferBuffer::create(size_t buffer_size) {
+  std::unique_ptr<AudioSourceTransferBuffer> source_buffer = make_unique<AudioSourceTransferBuffer>();
+
+  if (!source_buffer->allocate_buffer_(buffer_size)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return source_buffer;
+}
+
+size_t AudioTransferBuffer::free() const {
+  if (this->buffer_size_ == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return this->buffer_size_ - (this->buffer_length_ - (this->data_start_ - this->buffer_));
+}
+
+void AudioTransferBuffer::decrease_buffer_length(size_t bytes) {
+  this->buffer_length_ -= bytes;
+  this->data_start_ += bytes;
+}
+
+void AudioTransferBuffer::increase_buffer_length(size_t bytes) { this->buffer_length_ += bytes; }
+
+void AudioTransferBuffer::clear_buffered_data() {
+  this->buffer_length_ = 0;
+  if (this->ring_buffer_.use_count() > 0) {
+    this->ring_buffer_->reset();
+  }
+}
+
+void AudioSinkTransferBuffer::clear_buffered_data() {
+  this->buffer_length_ = 0;
+  if (this->ring_buffer_.use_count() > 0) {
+    this->ring_buffer_->reset();
+  }
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+  if (this->speaker_ != nullptr) {
+    this->speaker_->stop();
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+bool AudioTransferBuffer::has_buffered_data() const {
+  if (this->ring_buffer_.use_count() > 0) {
+    return ((this->ring_buffer_->available() > 0) || (this->available() > 0));
+  }
+  return (this->available() > 0);
+}
+
+bool AudioTransferBuffer::reallocate(size_t new_buffer_size) {
+  if (this->buffer_length_ > 0) {
+    // Already has data in the buffer, fail
+    return false;
+  }
+  this->deallocate_buffer_();
+  return this->allocate_buffer_(new_buffer_size);
+}
+
+bool AudioTransferBuffer::allocate_buffer_(size_t buffer_size) {
+  this->buffer_size_ = buffer_size;
+
+  RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator(ExternalRAMAllocator<uint8_t>::ALLOW_FAILURE);
+
+  this->buffer_ = allocator.allocate(this->buffer_size_);
+  if (this->buffer_ == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
+  this->buffer_length_ = 0;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void AudioTransferBuffer::deallocate_buffer_() {
+  if (this->buffer_ != nullptr) {
+    RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator(ExternalRAMAllocator<uint8_t>::ALLOW_FAILURE);
+    allocator.deallocate(this->buffer_, this->buffer_size_);
+    this->buffer_ = nullptr;
+    this->data_start_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  this->buffer_size_ = 0;
+  this->buffer_length_ = 0;
+}
+
+size_t AudioSourceTransferBuffer::transfer_data_from_source(TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
+  // Shift data in buffer to start
+  if (this->buffer_length_ > 0) {
+    memmove(this->buffer_, this->data_start_, this->buffer_length_);
+  }
+  this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
+
+  size_t bytes_to_read = this->free();
+  size_t bytes_read = 0;
+  if (bytes_to_read > 0) {
+    if (this->ring_buffer_.use_count() > 0) {
+      bytes_read = this->ring_buffer_->read((void *) this->get_buffer_end(), bytes_to_read, ticks_to_wait);
+    }
+
+    this->increase_buffer_length(bytes_read);
+  }
+  return bytes_read;
+}
+
+size_t AudioSinkTransferBuffer::transfer_data_to_sink(TickType_t ticks_to_wait) {
+  size_t bytes_written = 0;
+  if (this->available()) {
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+    if (this->speaker_ != nullptr) {
+      bytes_written = this->speaker_->play(this->data_start_, this->available(), ticks_to_wait);
+    } else
+#endif
+        if (this->ring_buffer_.use_count() > 0) {
+      bytes_written =
+          this->ring_buffer_->write_without_replacement((void *) this->data_start_, this->available(), ticks_to_wait);
+    }
+
+    this->decrease_buffer_length(bytes_written);
+
+    // Shift unwritten data to the start of the buffer
+    memmove(this->buffer_, this->data_start_, this->buffer_length_);
+    this->data_start_ = this->buffer_;
+  }
+  return bytes_written;
+}
+
+bool AudioSinkTransferBuffer::has_buffered_data() const {
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+  if (this->speaker_ != nullptr) {
+    return (this->speaker_->has_buffered_data() || (this->available() > 0));
+  }
+#endif
+  if (this->ring_buffer_.use_count() > 0) {
+    return ((this->ring_buffer_->available() > 0) || (this->available() > 0));
+  }
+  return (this->available() > 0);
+}
+
+}  // namespace audio
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/audio/audio_transfer_buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/ring_buffer.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+#include "esphome/components/speaker/speaker.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "esp_err.h"
+
+#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace audio {
+
+class AudioTransferBuffer {
+  /*
+   * @brief Class that facilitates tranferring data between a buffer and an audio source or sink.
+   * The transfer buffer is a typical C array that temporarily holds data for processing in other audio components.
+   * Both sink and source transfer buffers can use a ring buffer as the sink/source.
+   *   - The ring buffer is stored in a shared_ptr, so destroying the transfer buffer object will release ownership.
+   */
+ public:
+  /// @brief Destructor that deallocates the transfer buffer
+  ~AudioTransferBuffer();
+
+  /// @brief Returns a pointer to the start of the transfer buffer where available() bytes of exisiting data can be read
+  uint8_t *get_buffer_start() const { return this->data_start_; }
+
+  /// @brief Returns a pointer to the end of the transfer buffer where free() bytes of new data can be written
+  uint8_t *get_buffer_end() const { return this->data_start_ + this->buffer_length_; }
+
+  /// @brief Updates the internal state of the transfer buffer. This should be called after reading data
+  /// @param bytes The number of bytes consumed/read
+  void decrease_buffer_length(size_t bytes);
+
+  /// @brief Updates the internal state of the transfer buffer. This should be called after writing data
+  /// @param bytes The number of bytes written
+  void increase_buffer_length(size_t bytes);
+
+  /// @brief Returns the transfer buffer's currently available bytes to read
+  size_t available() const { return this->buffer_length_; }
+
+  /// @brief Returns the transfer buffers allocated bytes
+  size_t capacity() const { return this->buffer_size_; }
+
+  /// @brief Returns the transfer buffer's currrently free bytes available to write
+  size_t free() const;
+
+  /// @brief Clears data in the transfer buffer and, if possible, the source/sink.
+  virtual void clear_buffered_data();
+
+  /// @brief Tests if there is any data in the tranfer buffer or the source/sink.
+  /// @return True if there is data, false otherwise.
+  virtual bool has_buffered_data() const;
+
+  bool reallocate(size_t new_buffer_size);
+
+ protected:
+  /// @brief Allocates the transfer buffer in external memory, if available.
+  /// @return True is successful, false otherwise.
+  bool allocate_buffer_(size_t buffer_size);
+
+  /// @brief Deallocates the buffer and resets the class variables.
+  void deallocate_buffer_();
+
+  // A possible source or sink for the transfer buffer
+  std::shared_ptr<RingBuffer> ring_buffer_;
+
+  uint8_t *buffer_{nullptr};
+  uint8_t *data_start_{nullptr};
+
+  size_t buffer_size_{0};
+  size_t buffer_length_{0};
+};
+
+class AudioSinkTransferBuffer : public AudioTransferBuffer {
+  /*
+   * @brief A class that implements a transfer buffer for audio sinks.
+   * Supports writing processed data in the transfer buffer to a ring buffer or a speaker component.
+   */
+ public:
+  /// @brief Creates a new sink transfer buffer.
+  /// @param buffer_size Size of the transfer buffer in bytes.
+  /// @return unique_ptr if successfully allocated, nullptr otherwise
+  static std::unique_ptr<AudioSinkTransferBuffer> create(size_t buffer_size);
+
+  /// @brief Writes any available data in the transfer buffer to the sink.
+  /// @param ticks_to_wait FreeRTOS ticks to block while waiting for the sink to have enough space
+  /// @return Number of bytes written
+  size_t transfer_data_to_sink(TickType_t ticks_to_wait);
+
+  /// @brief Adds a ring buffer as the transfer buffer's sink.
+  /// @param ring_buffer weak_ptr to the allocated ring buffer
+  void set_sink(const std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &ring_buffer) { this->ring_buffer_ = ring_buffer.lock(); }
+
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+  /// @brief Adds a speaker as the transfer buffer's sink.
+  /// @param speaker Pointer to the speaker component
+  void set_sink(speaker::Speaker *speaker) { this->speaker_ = speaker; }
+#endif
+
+  void clear_buffered_data() override;
+
+  bool has_buffered_data() const override;
+
+ protected:
+#ifdef USE_SPEAKER
+  speaker::Speaker *speaker_{nullptr};
+#endif
+};
+
+class AudioSourceTransferBuffer : public AudioTransferBuffer {
+  /*
+   * @brief A class that implements a transfer buffer for audio sources.
+   * Supports reading audio data from a ring buffer into the transfer buffer for processing.
+   */
+ public:
+  /// @brief Creates a new source transfer buffer.
+  /// @param buffer_size Size of the transfer buffer in bytes.
+  /// @return unique_ptr if successfully allocated, nullptr otherwise
+  static std::unique_ptr<AudioSourceTransferBuffer> create(size_t buffer_size);
+
+  /// @brief Reads any available data from the sink into the transfer buffer.
+  /// @param ticks_to_wait FreeRTOS ticks to block while waiting for the source to have enough data
+  /// @return Number of bytes read
+  size_t transfer_data_from_source(TickType_t ticks_to_wait);
+
+  /// @brief Adds a ring buffer as the transfer buffer's source.
+  /// @param ring_buffer weak_ptr to the allocated ring buffer
+  void set_source(const std::weak_ptr<RingBuffer> &ring_buffer) { this->ring_buffer_ = ring_buffer.lock(); };
+};
+
+}  // namespace audio
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/__init__.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
+    CONF_NOTIFY,
 )
 
 from .. import ble_client_ns
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
 
 CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = "descriptor_uuid"
 
-CONF_NOTIFY = "notify"
 CONF_ON_NOTIFY = "on_notify"
 TYPE_CHARACTERISTIC = "characteristic"
 TYPE_RSSI = "rssi"

esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
+    CONF_NOTIFY,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
 
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
 
 CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = "descriptor_uuid"
 
-CONF_NOTIFY = "notify"
 CONF_ON_NOTIFY = "on_notify"
 
 adv_data_t = cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8)

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp

@@ -475,6 +475,11 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_connections_free() {
   api::BluetoothConnectionsFreeResponse call;
   call.free = this->get_bluetooth_connections_free();
   call.limit = this->get_bluetooth_connections_limit();
+  for (auto *connection : this->connections_) {
+    if (connection->address_ != 0) {
+      call.allocated.push_back(connection->address_);
+    }
+  }
   this->api_connection_->send_bluetooth_connections_free_response(call);
 }
 

esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.h

@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ class CH422GGPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
   void set_inverted(bool inverted) { inverted_ = inverted; }
   void set_flags(gpio::Flags flags);
 
+  gpio::Flags get_flags() const override { return this->flags_; }
+
  protected:
   CH422GComponent *parent_{};
   uint8_t pin_{};

esphome/components/climate/__init__.py

@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ VISUAL_TEMPERATURE_STEP_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 
 
 def visual_temperature_step(value):
-
     # Allow defining target/current temperature steps separately
     if isinstance(value, dict):
         return VISUAL_TEMPERATURE_STEP_SCHEMA(value)

esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 #include "cse7766.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include <cinttypes>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <sstream>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace cse7766 {
@@ -72,12 +69,8 @@ bool CSE7766Component::check_byte_() {
 void CSE7766Component::parse_data_() {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
   {
-    std::stringstream ss;
+    std::string s = format_hex_pretty(this->raw_data_, sizeof(this->raw_data_));
-    ss << "Raw data:" << std::hex << std::uppercase << std::setfill('0');
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Raw data: %s", s.c_str());
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 23; i++) {
-      ss << ' ' << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned>(this->raw_data_[i]);
-    }
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s", ss.str().c_str());
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -211,21 +204,20 @@ void CSE7766Component::parse_data_() {
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
   {
-    std::stringstream ss;
+    std::string buf = "Parsed:";
-    ss << "Parsed:";
     if (have_voltage) {
-      ss << " V=" << voltage << "V";
+      buf += str_sprintf(" V=%fV", voltage);
     }
     if (have_current) {
-      ss << " I=" << current * 1000.0f << "mA (~" << calculated_current * 1000.0f << "mA)";
+      buf += str_sprintf(" I=%fmA (~%fmA)", current * 1000.0f, calculated_current * 1000.0f);
     }
     if (have_power) {
-      ss << " P=" << power << "W";
+      buf += str_sprintf(" P=%fW", power);
     }
     if (energy != 0.0f) {
-      ss << " E=" << energy << "kWh (" << cf_pulses << ")";
+      buf += str_sprintf(" E=%fkWh (%u)", energy, cf_pulses);
     }
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s", ss.str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s", buf.c_str());
   }
 #endif
 }

esphome/components/dht/dht.cpp

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ void DHT::dump_config() {
   } else {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Model: DHT22 (or equivalent)");
   }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Internal Pull-up: %s", ONOFF(this->pin_->get_flags() & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP));
 
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ bool HOT IRAM_ATTR DHT::read_sensor_(float *temperature, float *humidity, bool r
   } else {
     delayMicroseconds(800);
   }
-  this->pin_->pin_mode(gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_PULLUP);
+  this->pin_->pin_mode(this->pin_->get_flags());
 
   {
     InterruptLock lock;

esphome/components/dht/sensor.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ DHT = dht_ns.class_("DHT", cg.PollingComponent)
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DHT),
-        cv.Required(CONF_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_schema,
+        cv.Required(CONF_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pullup_pin_schema,
         cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
             accuracy_decimals=1,

esphome/components/display/__init__.py

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ async def setup_display_core_(var, config):
     if CONF_ROTATION in config:
         cg.add(var.set_rotation(DISPLAY_ROTATIONS[config[CONF_ROTATION]]))
 
-    if auto_clear := config.get(CONF_AUTO_CLEAR_ENABLED):
+    if (auto_clear := config.get(CONF_AUTO_CLEAR_ENABLED)) is not None:
         # Default to true if pages or lambda is specified. Ideally this would be done during validation, but
         # the possible schemas are too complex to do this easily.
         if auto_clear == CONF_UNSPECIFIED:

esphome/components/display/display.cpp

@@ -815,8 +815,20 @@ void Display::test_card() {
 
 DisplayPage::DisplayPage(display_writer_t writer) : writer_(std::move(writer)) {}
 void DisplayPage::show() { this->parent_->show_page(this); }
-void DisplayPage::show_next() { this->next_->show(); }
+void DisplayPage::show_next() {
-void DisplayPage::show_prev() { this->prev_->show(); }
+  if (this->next_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "no next page");
+    return;
+  }
+  this->next_->show();
+}
+void DisplayPage::show_prev() {
+  if (this->prev_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "no previous page");
+    return;
+  }
+  this->prev_->show();
+}
 void DisplayPage::set_parent(Display *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
 void DisplayPage::set_prev(DisplayPage *prev) { this->prev_ = prev; }
 void DisplayPage::set_next(DisplayPage *next) { this->next_ = next; }

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ class ESP32InternalGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void set_inverted(bool inverted) { inverted_ = inverted; }
   void set_drive_strength(gpio_drive_cap_t drive_strength) { drive_strength_ = drive_strength; }
   void set_flags(gpio::Flags flags) { flags_ = flags; }
+
   void setup() override;
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ class ESP32InternalGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void detach_interrupt() const override;
   ISRInternalGPIOPin to_isr() const override;
   uint8_t get_pin() const override { return (uint8_t) pin_; }
+  gpio::Flags get_flags() const override { return flags_; }
   bool is_inverted() const override { return inverted_; }
 
  protected:

esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import re
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option, const, get_esp32_variant
@@ -64,6 +66,43 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
+bt_uuid16_format = "XXXX"
+bt_uuid32_format = "XXXXXXXX"
+bt_uuid128_format = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX"
+
+
+def bt_uuid(value):
+    in_value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    value = in_value.upper()
+
+    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
+        pattern = re.compile("^[A-F|0-9]{4,}$")
+        if not pattern.match(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 16 bit UUID format: '{in_value}'"
+            )
+        return value
+    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid32_format):
+        pattern = re.compile("^[A-F|0-9]{8,}$")
+        if not pattern.match(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 32 bit UUID format: '{in_value}'"
+            )
+        return value
+    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid128_format):
+        pattern = re.compile(
+            "^[A-F|0-9]{8,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{12,}$"
+        )
+        if not pattern.match(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 128 UUID format: '{in_value}'"
+            )
+        return value
+    raise cv.Invalid(
+        f"Bluetooth UUID must be in 16 bit '{bt_uuid16_format}', 32 bit '{bt_uuid32_format}', or 128 bit '{bt_uuid128_format}' format"
+    )
+
+
 def validate_variant(_):
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     if variant in NO_BLUETOOTH_VARIANTS:

esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/__init__.py

@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = esp32_ble.validate_variant
 
 async def to_code(config):
     uuid = config[CONF_UUID].hex
-    uuid_arr = [cg.RawExpression(f"0x{uuid[i:i + 2]}") for i in range(0, len(uuid), 2)]
+    uuid_arr = [
+        cg.RawExpression(f"0x{uuid[i : i + 2]}") for i in range(0, len(uuid), 2)
+    ]
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], uuid_arr)
 
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[esp32_ble.CONF_BLE_ID])

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py

@@ -1,37 +1,526 @@
+import encodings
+
+from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32_ble
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
+from esphome.components.esp32_ble import bt_uuid
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.config_validation import UNDEFINED
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DATA,
+    CONF_ESPHOME,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MAX_LENGTH,
+    CONF_MODEL,
+    CONF_NOTIFY,
+    CONF_ON_CONNECT,
+    CONF_ON_DISCONNECT,
+    CONF_PROJECT,
+    CONF_SERVICES,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_UUID,
+    CONF_VALUE,
+    __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble", "bytebuffer", "event_emitter"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@clydebarrow", "@Rapsssito"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
+DOMAIN = "esp32_ble_server"
 
+CONF_ADVERTISE = "advertise"
+CONF_BROADCAST = "broadcast"
+CONF_CHARACTERISTICS = "characteristics"
+CONF_DESCRIPTION = "description"
+CONF_DESCRIPTORS = "descriptors"
+CONF_ENDIANNESS = "endianness"
+CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION = "firmware_version"
+CONF_INDICATE = "indicate"
 CONF_MANUFACTURER = "manufacturer"
 CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA = "manufacturer_data"
+CONF_ON_WRITE = "on_write"
+CONF_READ = "read"
+CONF_STRING = "string"
+CONF_STRING_ENCODING = "string_encoding"
+CONF_WRITE = "write"
+CONF_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE = "write_no_response"
+
+# Internal configuration keys
+CONF_CHAR_VALUE_ACTION_ID_ = "char_value_action_id_"
+
+# BLE reserverd UUIDs
+CCCD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = 0x2902
+CUD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = 0x2901
+DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID = 0x180A
+MANUFACTURER_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID = 0x2A29
+MODEL_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID = 0x2A24
+FIRMWARE_VERSION_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID = 0x2A26
+
+# Core key to store the global configuration
+KEY_NOTIFY_REQUIRED = "notify_required"
+KEY_SET_VALUE = "set_value"
 
 esp32_ble_server_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32_ble_server")
+ESPBTUUID_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32_ble").namespace("ESPBTUUID")
+BLECharacteristic_ns = esp32_ble_server_ns.namespace("BLECharacteristic")
 BLEServer = esp32_ble_server_ns.class_(
     "BLEServer",
     cg.Component,
     esp32_ble.GATTsEventHandler,
     cg.Parented.template(esp32_ble.ESP32BLE),
 )
-BLEServiceComponent = esp32_ble_server_ns.class_("BLEServiceComponent")
+esp32_ble_server_automations_ns = esp32_ble_server_ns.namespace(
+    "esp32_ble_server_automations"
+)
+BLETriggers_ns = esp32_ble_server_automations_ns.namespace("BLETriggers")
+BLEDescriptor = esp32_ble_server_ns.class_("BLEDescriptor")
+BLECharacteristic = esp32_ble_server_ns.class_("BLECharacteristic")
+BLEService = esp32_ble_server_ns.class_("BLEService")
+BLECharacteristicSetValueAction = esp32_ble_server_automations_ns.class_(
+    "BLECharacteristicSetValueAction", automation.Action
+)
+BLEDescriptorSetValueAction = esp32_ble_server_automations_ns.class_(
+    "BLEDescriptorSetValueAction", automation.Action
+)
+BLECharacteristicNotifyAction = esp32_ble_server_automations_ns.class_(
+    "BLECharacteristicNotifyAction", automation.Action
+)
+bytebuffer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bytebuffer")
+Endianness_ns = bytebuffer_ns.namespace("Endian")
+ByteBuffer_ns = bytebuffer_ns.namespace("ByteBuffer")
+ByteBuffer = bytebuffer_ns.class_("ByteBuffer")
 
 
+PROPERTY_MAP = {
+    CONF_READ: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_READ,
+    CONF_WRITE: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_WRITE,
+    CONF_NOTIFY: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_NOTIFY,
+    CONF_BROADCAST: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_BROADCAST,
+    CONF_INDICATE: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_INDICATE,
+    CONF_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_WRITE_NR,
+}
+
+
+class ValueType:
+    def __init__(self, type_, validator, length):
+        self.type_ = type_
+        self.validator = validator
+        self.length = length
+
+    def validate(self, value, encoding):
+        value = self.validator(value)
+        if self.type_ == "string":
+            try:
+                value.encode(encoding)
+            except UnicodeEncodeError as e:
+                raise cv.Invalid(str(e)) from e
+        return value
+
+
+VALUE_TYPES = {
+    type_name: ValueType(type_name, validator, length)
+    for type_name, validator, length in (
+        ("uint8_t", cv.uint8_t, 1),
+        ("uint16_t", cv.uint16_t, 2),
+        ("uint32_t", cv.uint32_t, 4),
+        ("uint64_t", cv.uint64_t, 8),
+        ("int8_t", cv.int_range(-128, 127), 1),
+        ("int16_t", cv.int_range(-32768, 32767), 2),
+        ("int32_t", cv.int_range(-2147483648, 2147483647), 4),
+        ("int64_t", cv.int_range(-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807), 8),
+        ("float", cv.float_, 4),
+        ("double", cv.float_, 8),
+        ("string", cv.string_strict, None),  # Length is variable
+    )
+}
+
+
+def validate_char_on_write(char_config):
+    if CONF_ON_WRITE in char_config:
+        if not char_config[CONF_WRITE] and not char_config[CONF_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE]:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{CONF_ON_WRITE} requires the {CONF_WRITE} or {CONF_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE} property to be set"
+            )
+    return char_config
+
+
+def validate_descriptor(desc_config):
+    if CONF_ON_WRITE in desc_config:
+        if not desc_config[CONF_WRITE]:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{CONF_ON_WRITE} requires the {CONF_WRITE} property to be set"
+            )
+    if CONF_MAX_LENGTH not in desc_config:
+        value = desc_config[CONF_VALUE][CONF_DATA]
+        if cg.is_template(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Descriptor {desc_config[CONF_UUID]} has a templatable value and the {CONF_MAX_LENGTH} property is not set"
+            )
+        if isinstance(value, list):
+            desc_config[CONF_MAX_LENGTH] = len(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            desc_config[CONF_MAX_LENGTH] = len(
+                value.encode(desc_config[CONF_VALUE][CONF_STRING_ENCODING])
+            )
+        else:
+            desc_config[CONF_MAX_LENGTH] = VALUE_TYPES[
+                desc_config[CONF_VALUE][CONF_TYPE]
+            ].length
+    return desc_config
+
+
+def validate_notify_action(config):
+    # Store the characteristic ID in the global data for the final validation
+    data = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {}).setdefault(KEY_NOTIFY_REQUIRED, set())
+    data.add(config[CONF_ID])
+    return config
+
+
+def validate_set_value_action(config):
+    # Store the characteristic ID in the global data for the final validation
+    data = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {}).setdefault(KEY_SET_VALUE, set())
+    data.add(config[CONF_ID])
+    return config
+
+
+def create_description_cud(char_config):
+    if CONF_DESCRIPTION not in char_config:
+        return char_config
+    # If the config displays a description, there cannot be a descriptor with the CUD UUID
+    for desc in char_config[CONF_DESCRIPTORS]:
+        if desc[CONF_UUID] == CUD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Characteristic {char_config[CONF_UUID]} has a description, but a CUD descriptor is already present"
+            )
+    # Manually add the CUD descriptor
+    char_config[CONF_DESCRIPTORS].append(
+        DESCRIPTOR_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                CONF_UUID: CUD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID,
+                CONF_READ: True,
+                CONF_WRITE: False,
+                CONF_VALUE: char_config[CONF_DESCRIPTION],
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    return char_config
+
+
+def create_notify_cccd(char_config):
+    if not char_config[CONF_NOTIFY] and not char_config[CONF_INDICATE]:
+        return char_config
+    # If the CCCD descriptor is already present, return the config
+    for desc in char_config[CONF_DESCRIPTORS]:
+        if desc[CONF_UUID] == CCCD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID:
+            # Check if the WRITE property is set
+            if not desc[CONF_WRITE]:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Characteristic {char_config[CONF_UUID]} has notify actions, but the CCCD descriptor does not have the {CONF_WRITE} property set"
+                )
+            return char_config
+    # Manually add the CCCD descriptor
+    char_config[CONF_DESCRIPTORS].append(
+        DESCRIPTOR_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                CONF_UUID: CCCD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID,
+                CONF_READ: True,
+                CONF_WRITE: True,
+                CONF_MAX_LENGTH: 2,
+                CONF_VALUE: [0, 0],
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    return char_config
+
+
+def create_device_information_service(config):
+    # If there is already a device information service,
+    # there cannot be CONF_MODEL, CONF_MANUFACTURER or CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION properties
+    for service in config[CONF_SERVICES]:
+        if service[CONF_UUID] == DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID:
+            if (
+                CONF_MODEL in config
+                or CONF_MANUFACTURER in config
+                or CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION in config
+            ):
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    "Device information service already present, cannot add manufacturer, model or firmware version"
+                )
+            return config
+    project = CORE.raw_config[CONF_ESPHOME].get(CONF_PROJECT, {})
+    model = config.get(CONF_MODEL, project.get("name", CORE.data["esp32"]["board"]))
+    version = config.get(
+        CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION, project.get("version", "ESPHome " + ESPHOME_VERSION)
+    )
+    # Manually add the device information service
+    config[CONF_SERVICES].append(
+        SERVICE_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                CONF_UUID: DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID,
+                CONF_CHARACTERISTICS: [
+                    {
+                        CONF_UUID: MANUFACTURER_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
+                        CONF_READ: True,
+                        CONF_VALUE: config.get(CONF_MANUFACTURER, "ESPHome"),
+                    },
+                    {
+                        CONF_UUID: MODEL_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
+                        CONF_READ: True,
+                        CONF_VALUE: model,
+                    },
+                    {
+                        CONF_UUID: FIRMWARE_VERSION_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
+                        CONF_READ: True,
+                        CONF_VALUE: version,
+                    },
+                ],
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+def final_validate_config(config):
+    # Check if all characteristics that require notifications have the notify property set
+    for char_id in CORE.data.get(DOMAIN, {}).get(KEY_NOTIFY_REQUIRED, set()):
+        # Look for the characteristic in the configuration
+        char_config = [
+            char_conf
+            for service_conf in config[CONF_SERVICES]
+            for char_conf in service_conf[CONF_CHARACTERISTICS]
+            if char_conf[CONF_ID] == char_id
+        ][0]
+        if not char_config[CONF_NOTIFY]:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Characteristic {char_config[CONF_UUID]} has notify actions and the {CONF_NOTIFY} property is not set"
+            )
+    for char_id in CORE.data.get(DOMAIN, {}).get(KEY_SET_VALUE, set()):
+        # Look for the characteristic in the configuration
+        char_config = [
+            char_conf
+            for service_conf in config[CONF_SERVICES]
+            for char_conf in service_conf[CONF_CHARACTERISTICS]
+            if char_conf[CONF_ID] == char_id
+        ][0]
+        if isinstance(char_config.get(CONF_VALUE, {}).get(CONF_DATA), cv.Lambda):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Characteristic {char_config[CONF_UUID]} has both a set_value action and a templated value"
+            )
+    return config
+
+
+def validate_value_type(value_config):
+    # If the value is a not a templatable, the type must be set
+    value = value_config[CONF_DATA]
+
+    if type_ := value_config.get(CONF_TYPE):
+        if cg.is_template(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f'The "{CONF_TYPE}" property is not allowed for templatable values'
+            )
+        value_config[CONF_DATA] = VALUE_TYPES[type_].validate(
+            value, value_config[CONF_STRING_ENCODING]
+        )
+    elif isinstance(value, (float, int)):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f'The "{CONF_TYPE}" property is required for the value "{value}"'
+        )
+    return value_config
+
+
+def validate_encoding(value):
+    if value == SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return cv.one_of("utf-8", "latin-1", "ascii", "utf-16", "utf-32")
+    value = encodings.normalize_encoding(value)
+    if not value:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Invalid encoding")
+    return value
+
+
+def value_schema(default_type=UNDEFINED, templatable=True):
+    data_validators = [
+        cv.string_strict,
+        cv.int_,
+        cv.float_,
+        cv.All([cv.uint8_t], cv.Length(min=1)),
+    ]
+    if templatable:
+        data_validators.append(cv.returning_lambda)
+
+    return cv.maybe_simple_value(
+        cv.All(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_DATA): cv.Any(*data_validators),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE, default=default_type): cv.one_of(
+                    *VALUE_TYPES, lower=True
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_STRING_ENCODING, default="utf_8"): validate_encoding,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ENDIANNESS, default="LITTLE"): cv.enum(
+                    {
+                        "LITTLE": Endianness_ns.LITTLE,
+                        "BIG": Endianness_ns.BIG,
+                    }
+                ),
+            },
+            validate_value_type,
+        ),
+        key=CONF_DATA,
+    )
+
+
+DESCRIPTOR_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEDescriptor),
+        cv.Required(CONF_UUID): cv.Any(bt_uuid, cv.hex_uint32_t),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_READ, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_WRITE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+        cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): value_schema(templatable=False),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_LENGTH): cv.uint16_t,
+    },
+    validate_descriptor,
+)
+
+CHARACTERISTIC_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLECharacteristic),
+        cv.Required(CONF_UUID): cv.Any(bt_uuid, cv.hex_uint32_t),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VALUE): value_schema(templatable=True),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_CHAR_VALUE_ACTION_ID_): cv.declare_id(
+            BLECharacteristicSetValueAction
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DESCRIPTORS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(DESCRIPTOR_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_WRITE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DESCRIPTION): value_schema(
+            default_type="string", templatable=False
+        ),
+    },
+    extra_schemas=[
+        validate_char_on_write,
+        create_description_cud,
+        create_notify_cccd,
+    ],
+).extend({cv.Optional(k, default=False): cv.boolean for k in PROPERTY_MAP})
+
+SERVICE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEService),
+        cv.Required(CONF_UUID): cv.Any(bt_uuid, cv.hex_uint32_t),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ADVERTISE, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_CHARACTERISTICS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(
+            CHARACTERISTIC_SCHEMA
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEServer),
         cv.GenerateID(esp32_ble.CONF_BLE_ID): cv.use_id(esp32_ble.ESP32BLE),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MANUFACTURER, default="ESPHome"): cv.string,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MANUFACTURER): value_schema("string", templatable=False),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA): cv.Schema([cv.hex_uint8_t]),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MODEL): value_schema("string", templatable=False),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MODEL): cv.string,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION): value_schema("string", templatable=False),
-    }
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA): cv.Schema([cv.uint8_t]),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(SERVICE_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CONNECT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DISCONNECT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+    },
+    extra_schemas=[create_device_information_service],
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate_config
+
+
+def parse_properties(char_conf):
+    return sum(
+        (PROPERTY_MAP[k] for k in char_conf if k in PROPERTY_MAP and char_conf[k]),
+        start=0,
+    )
+
+
+def parse_uuid(uuid):
+    # If the UUID is a int, use from_uint32
+    if isinstance(uuid, int):
+        return ESPBTUUID_ns.from_uint32(uuid)
+    # Otherwise, use ESPBTUUID_ns.from_raw
+    return ESPBTUUID_ns.from_raw(uuid)
+
+
+async def parse_value(value_config, args):
+    value = value_config[CONF_DATA]
+    if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
+        return await cg.templatable(value, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8))
+
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        value = list(value.encode(value_config[CONF_STRING_ENCODING]))
+    if isinstance(value, list):
+        return cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8)(value)
+    val = cg.RawExpression(f"{value_config[CONF_TYPE]}({cg.safe_exp(value)})")
+    return ByteBuffer_ns.wrap(val, value_config[CONF_ENDIANNESS])
+
+
+def calculate_num_handles(service_config):
+    total = 1 + len(service_config[CONF_CHARACTERISTICS]) * 2
+    total += sum(
+        len(char_conf[CONF_DESCRIPTORS])
+        for char_conf in service_config[CONF_CHARACTERISTICS]
+    )
+    return total
+
+
+async def to_code_descriptor(descriptor_conf, char_var):
+    value = await parse_value(descriptor_conf[CONF_VALUE], {})
+    desc_var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+        descriptor_conf[CONF_ID],
+        parse_uuid(descriptor_conf[CONF_UUID]),
+        descriptor_conf[CONF_MAX_LENGTH],
+        descriptor_conf[CONF_READ],
+        descriptor_conf[CONF_WRITE],
+    )
+    cg.add(char_var.add_descriptor(desc_var))
+    cg.add(desc_var.set_value(value))
+    if CONF_ON_WRITE in descriptor_conf:
+        on_write_conf = descriptor_conf[CONF_ON_WRITE]
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            BLETriggers_ns.create_descriptor_on_write_trigger(desc_var),
+            [(cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8), "x"), (cg.uint16, "id")],
+            on_write_conf,
+        )
+
+
+async def to_code_characteristic(service_var, char_conf):
+    char_var = cg.Pvariable(
+        char_conf[CONF_ID],
+        service_var.create_characteristic(
+            parse_uuid(char_conf[CONF_UUID]),
+            parse_properties(char_conf),
+        ),
+    )
+    if CONF_ON_WRITE in char_conf:
+        on_write_conf = char_conf[CONF_ON_WRITE]
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            BLETriggers_ns.create_characteristic_on_write_trigger(char_var),
+            [(cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8), "x"), (cg.uint16, "id")],
+            on_write_conf,
+        )
+    if CONF_VALUE in char_conf:
+        action_conf = {
+            CONF_ID: char_conf[CONF_ID],
+            CONF_VALUE: char_conf[CONF_VALUE],
+        }
+        value_action = await ble_server_characteristic_set_value(
+            action_conf,
+            char_conf[CONF_CHAR_VALUE_ACTION_ID_],
+            cg.TemplateArguments(),
+            {},
+        )
+        cg.add(value_action.play())
+    for descriptor_conf in char_conf[CONF_DESCRIPTORS]:
+        await to_code_descriptor(descriptor_conf, char_var)
+
 
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -42,13 +531,94 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(parent.register_gatts_event_handler(var))
     cg.add(parent.register_ble_status_event_handler(var))
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
-
-    cg.add(var.set_manufacturer(config[CONF_MANUFACTURER]))
     if CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA in config:
         cg.add(var.set_manufacturer_data(config[CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA]))
-    if CONF_MODEL in config:
+    for service_config in config[CONF_SERVICES]:
-        cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
+        # Calculate the optimal number of handles based on the number of characteristics and descriptors
+        num_handles = calculate_num_handles(service_config)
+        service_var = cg.Pvariable(
+            service_config[CONF_ID],
+            var.create_service(
+                parse_uuid(service_config[CONF_UUID]),
+                service_config[CONF_ADVERTISE],
+                num_handles,
+            ),
+        )
+        for char_conf in service_config[CONF_CHARACTERISTICS]:
+            await to_code_characteristic(service_var, char_conf)
+        if service_config[CONF_UUID] == DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID:
+            cg.add(var.set_device_information_service(service_var))
+        else:
+            cg.add(var.enqueue_start_service(service_var))
+    if CONF_ON_CONNECT in config:
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            BLETriggers_ns.create_server_on_connect_trigger(var),
+            [(cg.uint16, "id")],
+            config[CONF_ON_CONNECT],
+        )
+    if CONF_ON_DISCONNECT in config:
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            BLETriggers_ns.create_server_on_disconnect_trigger(var),
+            [(cg.uint16, "id")],
+            config[CONF_ON_DISCONNECT],
+        )
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER")
-
     if CORE.using_esp_idf:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ble_server.characteristic.set_value",
+    BLECharacteristicSetValueAction,
+    cv.All(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLECharacteristic),
+                cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): value_schema(),
+            }
+        ),
+        validate_set_value_action,
+    ),
+)
+async def ble_server_characteristic_set_value(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+    value = await parse_value(config[CONF_VALUE], args)
+    cg.add(var.set_buffer(value))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ble_server.descriptor.set_value",
+    BLEDescriptorSetValueAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEDescriptor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): value_schema(),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def ble_server_descriptor_set_value(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+    value = await parse_value(config[CONF_VALUE], args)
+    cg.add(var.set_buffer(value))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ble_server.characteristic.notify",
+    BLECharacteristicNotifyAction,
+    cv.All(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLECharacteristic),
+            }
+        ),
+        validate_notify_action,
+    ),
+)
+async def ble_server_characteristic_notify(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+    return var

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_2901.cpp

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#include "ble_2901.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace esp32_ble_server {
-
-BLE2901::BLE2901(const std::string &value) : BLE2901((uint8_t *) value.data(), value.length()) {}
-BLE2901::BLE2901(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) : BLEDescriptor(esp32_ble::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x2901)) {
-  this->set_value(data, length);
-  this->permissions_ = ESP_GATT_PERM_READ;
-}
-
-}  // namespace esp32_ble_server
-}  // namespace esphome
-
-#endif

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_2901.h

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "ble_descriptor.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace esp32_ble_server {
-
-class BLE2901 : public BLEDescriptor {
- public:
-  BLE2901(const std::string &value);
-  BLE2901(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
-};
-
-}  // namespace esp32_ble_server
-}  // namespace esphome
-
-#endif

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp

@@ -32,70 +32,36 @@ BLECharacteristic::BLECharacteristic(const ESPBTUUID uuid, uint32_t properties)
   this->set_write_no_response_property((properties & PROPERTY_WRITE_NR) != 0);
 }
 
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(std::vector<uint8_t> value) {
+void BLECharacteristic::set_value(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_value(buffer.get_data()); }
+
+void BLECharacteristic::set_value(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
   xSemaphoreTake(this->set_value_lock_, 0L);
-  this->value_ = std::move(value);
+  this->value_ = buffer;
   xSemaphoreGive(this->set_value_lock_);
 }
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(const std::string &value) {
+void BLECharacteristic::set_value(const std::string &buffer) {
-  this->set_value(std::vector<uint8_t>(value.begin(), value.end()));
+  this->set_value(std::vector<uint8_t>(buffer.begin(), buffer.end()));
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
-  this->set_value(std::vector<uint8_t>(data, data + length));
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(uint8_t &data) {
-  uint8_t temp[1];
-  temp[0] = data;
-  this->set_value(temp, 1);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(uint16_t &data) {
-  uint8_t temp[2];
-  temp[0] = data;
-  temp[1] = data >> 8;
-  this->set_value(temp, 2);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(uint32_t &data) {
-  uint8_t temp[4];
-  temp[0] = data;
-  temp[1] = data >> 8;
-  temp[2] = data >> 16;
-  temp[3] = data >> 24;
-  this->set_value(temp, 4);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(int &data) {
-  uint8_t temp[4];
-  temp[0] = data;
-  temp[1] = data >> 8;
-  temp[2] = data >> 16;
-  temp[3] = data >> 24;
-  this->set_value(temp, 4);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(float &data) {
-  float temp = data;
-  this->set_value((uint8_t *) &temp, 4);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(double &data) {
-  double temp = data;
-  this->set_value((uint8_t *) &temp, 8);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(bool &data) {
-  uint8_t temp[1];
-  temp[0] = data;
-  this->set_value(temp, 1);
 }
 
-void BLECharacteristic::notify(bool notification) {
+void BLECharacteristic::notify() {
-  if (!notification) {
+  if (this->service_ == nullptr || this->service_->get_server() == nullptr ||
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "notification=false is not yet supported");
+      this->service_->get_server()->get_connected_client_count() == 0)
-    // TODO: Handle when notification=false
-  }
-  if (this->service_->get_server()->get_connected_client_count() == 0)
     return;
 
   for (auto &client : this->service_->get_server()->get_clients()) {
     size_t length = this->value_.size();
-    esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_send_indicate(this->service_->get_server()->get_gatts_if(), client.first,
+    // If the client is not in the list of clients to notify, skip it
-                                                this->handle_, length, this->value_.data(), false);
+    if (this->clients_to_notify_.count(client) == 0)
+      continue;
+    // If the client is in the list of clients to notify, check if it requires an ack (i.e. INDICATE)
+    bool require_ack = this->clients_to_notify_[client];
+    // TODO: Remove this block when INDICATE acknowledgment is supported
+    if (require_ack) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "INDICATE acknowledgment is not yet supported (i.e. it works as a NOTIFY)");
+      require_ack = false;
+    }
+    esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_send_indicate(this->service_->get_server()->get_gatts_if(), client, this->handle_,
+                                                length, this->value_.data(), require_ack);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gatts_send_indicate failed %d", err);
       return;
@@ -103,7 +69,24 @@ void BLECharacteristic::notify(bool notification) {
   }
 }
 
-void BLECharacteristic::add_descriptor(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) { this->descriptors_.push_back(descriptor); }
+void BLECharacteristic::add_descriptor(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) {
+  // If the descriptor is the CCCD descriptor, listen to its write event to know if the client wants to be notified
+  if (descriptor->get_uuid() == ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(ESP_GATT_UUID_CHAR_CLIENT_CONFIG)) {
+    descriptor->on(BLEDescriptorEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE, [this](const std::vector<uint8_t> &value, uint16_t conn_id) {
+      if (value.size() != 2)
+        return;
+      uint16_t cccd = encode_uint16(value[1], value[0]);
+      bool notify = (cccd & 1) != 0;
+      bool indicate = (cccd & 2) != 0;
+      if (notify || indicate) {
+        this->clients_to_notify_[conn_id] = indicate;
+      } else {
+        this->clients_to_notify_.erase(conn_id);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  this->descriptors_.push_back(descriptor);
+}
 
 void BLECharacteristic::remove_descriptor(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) {
   this->descriptors_.erase(std::remove(this->descriptors_.begin(), this->descriptors_.end(), descriptor),
@@ -223,6 +206,9 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
       if (!param->read.need_rsp)
         break;  // For some reason you can request a read but not want a response
 
+      this->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt, uint16_t>::emit_(BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_READ,
+                                                                          param->read.conn_id);
+
       uint16_t max_offset = 22;
 
       esp_gatt_rsp_t response;
@@ -262,13 +248,13 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_WRITE_EVT: {
       if (this->handle_ != param->write.handle)
-        return;
+        break;
 
       if (param->write.is_prep) {
         this->value_.insert(this->value_.end(), param->write.value, param->write.value + param->write.len);
         this->write_event_ = true;
       } else {
-        this->set_value(param->write.value, param->write.len);
+        this->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(param->write.value, param->write.len));
       }
 
       if (param->write.need_rsp) {
@@ -289,7 +275,8 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
       }
 
       if (!param->write.is_prep) {
-        this->on_write_(this->value_);
+        this->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>::emit_(
+            BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE, this->value_, param->write.conn_id);
       }
 
       break;
@@ -300,7 +287,8 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
         break;
       this->write_event_ = false;
       if (param->exec_write.exec_write_flag == ESP_GATT_PREP_WRITE_EXEC) {
-        this->on_write_(this->value_);
+        this->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>::emit_(
+            BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE, this->value_, param->exec_write.conn_id);
       }
       esp_err_t err =
           esp_ble_gatts_send_response(gatts_if, param->write.conn_id, param->write.trans_id, ESP_GATT_OK, nullptr);

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 
 #include "ble_descriptor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
+#include "esphome/components/event_emitter/event_emitter.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 
 #include <vector>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
@@ -19,24 +22,30 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_ble_server {
 
 using namespace esp32_ble;
+using namespace bytebuffer;
+using namespace event_emitter;
 
 class BLEService;
 
-class BLECharacteristic {
+namespace BLECharacteristicEvt {
+enum VectorEvt {
+  ON_WRITE,
+};
+
+enum EmptyEvt {
+  ON_READ,
+};
+}  // namespace BLECharacteristicEvt
+
+class BLECharacteristic : public EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>,
+                          public EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt, uint16_t> {
  public:
   BLECharacteristic(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint32_t properties);
   ~BLECharacteristic();
 
-  void set_value(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+  void set_value(ByteBuffer buffer);
-  void set_value(std::vector<uint8_t> value);
+  void set_value(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
-  void set_value(const std::string &value);
+  void set_value(const std::string &buffer);
-  void set_value(uint8_t &data);
-  void set_value(uint16_t &data);
-  void set_value(uint32_t &data);
-  void set_value(int &data);
-  void set_value(float &data);
-  void set_value(double &data);
-  void set_value(bool &data);
 
   void set_broadcast_property(bool value);
   void set_indicate_property(bool value);
@@ -45,13 +54,12 @@ class BLECharacteristic {
   void set_write_property(bool value);
   void set_write_no_response_property(bool value);
 
-  void notify(bool notification = true);
+  void notify();
 
   void do_create(BLEService *service);
+  void do_delete() { this->clients_to_notify_.clear(); }
   void gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if, esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param);
 
-  void on_write(const std::function<void(const std::vector<uint8_t> &)> &&func) { this->on_write_ = func; }
-
   void add_descriptor(BLEDescriptor *descriptor);
   void remove_descriptor(BLEDescriptor *descriptor);
 
@@ -71,7 +79,7 @@ class BLECharacteristic {
 
  protected:
   bool write_event_{false};
-  BLEService *service_;
+  BLEService *service_{};
   ESPBTUUID uuid_;
   esp_gatt_char_prop_t properties_;
   uint16_t handle_{0xFFFF};
@@ -81,8 +89,7 @@ class BLECharacteristic {
   SemaphoreHandle_t set_value_lock_;
 
   std::vector<BLEDescriptor *> descriptors_;
-
+  std::unordered_map<uint16_t, bool> clients_to_notify_;
-  std::function<void(const std::vector<uint8_t> &)> on_write_;
 
   esp_gatt_perm_t permissions_ = ESP_GATT_PERM_READ | ESP_GATT_PERM_WRITE;
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_descriptor.cpp

@@ -12,11 +12,19 @@ namespace esp32_ble_server {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble_server.descriptor";
 
-BLEDescriptor::BLEDescriptor(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint16_t max_len) {
+static RAMAllocator<uint8_t> descriptor_allocator{};  // NOLINT
+
+BLEDescriptor::BLEDescriptor(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint16_t max_len, bool read, bool write) {
   this->uuid_ = uuid;
   this->value_.attr_len = 0;
   this->value_.attr_max_len = max_len;
-  this->value_.attr_value = (uint8_t *) malloc(max_len);  // NOLINT
+  this->value_.attr_value = descriptor_allocator.allocate(max_len);
+  if (read) {
+    this->permissions_ |= ESP_GATT_PERM_READ;
+  }
+  if (write) {
+    this->permissions_ |= ESP_GATT_PERM_WRITE;
+  }
 }
 
 BLEDescriptor::~BLEDescriptor() { free(this->value_.attr_value); }  // NOLINT
@@ -38,14 +46,15 @@ void BLEDescriptor::do_create(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) {
   this->state_ = CREATING;
 }
 
-void BLEDescriptor::set_value(const std::string &value) { this->set_value((uint8_t *) value.data(), value.length()); }
+void BLEDescriptor::set_value(std::vector<uint8_t> buffer) {
-void BLEDescriptor::set_value(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  size_t length = buffer.size();
+
   if (length > this->value_.attr_max_len) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Size %d too large, must be no bigger than %d", length, this->value_.attr_max_len);
     return;
   }
   this->value_.attr_len = length;
-  memcpy(this->value_.attr_value, data, length);
+  memcpy(this->value_.attr_value, buffer.data(), length);
 }
 
 void BLEDescriptor::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if,
@@ -61,10 +70,13 @@ void BLEDescriptor::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_WRITE_EVT: {
-      if (this->handle_ == param->write.handle) {
+      if (this->handle_ != param->write.handle)
+        break;
       this->value_.attr_len = param->write.len;
       memcpy(this->value_.attr_value, param->write.value, param->write.len);
-      }
+      this->emit_(BLEDescriptorEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE,
+                  std::vector<uint8_t>(param->write.value, param->write.value + param->write.len),
+                  param->write.conn_id);
       break;
     }
     default:

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_descriptor.h

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
+#include "esphome/components/event_emitter/event_emitter.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
@@ -11,17 +13,26 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_ble_server {
 
 using namespace esp32_ble;
+using namespace bytebuffer;
+using namespace event_emitter;
 
 class BLECharacteristic;
 
-class BLEDescriptor {
+namespace BLEDescriptorEvt {
+enum VectorEvt {
+  ON_WRITE,
+};
+}  // namespace BLEDescriptorEvt
+
+class BLEDescriptor : public EventEmitter<BLEDescriptorEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> {
  public:
-  BLEDescriptor(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint16_t max_len = 100);
+  BLEDescriptor(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint16_t max_len = 100, bool read = true, bool write = true);
   virtual ~BLEDescriptor();
   void do_create(BLECharacteristic *characteristic);
+  ESPBTUUID get_uuid() const { return this->uuid_; }
 
-  void set_value(const std::string &value);
+  void set_value(std::vector<uint8_t> buffer);
-  void set_value(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+  void set_value(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_value(buffer.get_data()); }
 
   void gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if, esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param);
 
@@ -33,9 +44,9 @@ class BLEDescriptor {
   ESPBTUUID uuid_;
   uint16_t handle_{0xFFFF};
 
-  esp_attr_value_t value_;
+  esp_attr_value_t value_{};
 
-  esp_gatt_perm_t permissions_ = ESP_GATT_PERM_READ | ESP_GATT_PERM_WRITE;
+  esp_gatt_perm_t permissions_{};
 
   enum State : uint8_t {
     FAILED = 0x00,

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp

@@ -19,11 +19,6 @@ namespace esp32_ble_server {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble_server";
 
-static const uint16_t DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID = 0x180A;
-static const uint16_t MODEL_UUID = 0x2A24;
-static const uint16_t VERSION_UUID = 0x2A26;
-static const uint16_t MANUFACTURER_UUID = 0x2A29;
-
 void BLEServer::setup() {
   if (this->parent_->is_failed()) {
     this->mark_failed();
@@ -38,9 +33,27 @@ void BLEServer::loop() {
     return;
   }
   switch (this->state_) {
-    case RUNNING:
+    case RUNNING: {
-      return;
+      // Start all services that are pending to start
-
+      if (!this->services_to_start_.empty()) {
+        uint16_t index_to_remove = 0;
+        // Iterate over the services to start
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < this->services_to_start_.size(); i++) {
+          BLEService *service = this->services_to_start_[i];
+          if (service->is_created()) {
+            service->start();  // Needs to be called once per characteristic in the service
+          } else {
+            index_to_remove = i + 1;
+          }
+        }
+        // Remove the services that have been started
+        if (index_to_remove > 0) {
+          this->services_to_start_.erase(this->services_to_start_.begin(),
+                                         this->services_to_start_.begin() + index_to_remove - 1);
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
     case INIT: {
       esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_app_register(0);
       if (err != ESP_OK) {
@@ -53,29 +66,26 @@ void BLEServer::loop() {
     }
     case REGISTERING: {
       if (this->registered_) {
+        // Create the device information service first so
+        // it is at the top of the GATT table
+        this->device_information_service_->do_create(this);
         // Create all services previously created
         for (auto &pair : this->services_) {
-          pair.second->do_create(this);
+          if (pair.second == this->device_information_service_) {
+            continue;
           }
-        if (this->device_information_service_ == nullptr) {
+          pair.second->do_create(this);
-          this->create_service(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID));
-          this->device_information_service_ =
-              this->get_service(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID));
-          this->create_device_characteristics_();
         }
         this->state_ = STARTING_SERVICE;
       }
       break;
     }
     case STARTING_SERVICE: {
-      if (!this->device_information_service_->is_created()) {
-        break;
-      }
       if (this->device_information_service_->is_running()) {
         this->state_ = RUNNING;
         this->restart_advertising_();
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE server setup successfully");
-      } else if (!this->device_information_service_->is_starting()) {
+      } else if (this->device_information_service_->is_created()) {
         this->device_information_service_->start();
       }
       break;
@@ -93,81 +103,66 @@ void BLEServer::restart_advertising_() {
   }
 }
 
-bool BLEServer::create_device_characteristics_() {
+BLEService *BLEServer::create_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, bool advertise, uint16_t num_handles) {
-  if (this->model_.has_value()) {
-    BLECharacteristic *model =
-        this->device_information_service_->create_characteristic(MODEL_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ);
-    model->set_value(this->model_.value());
-  } else {
-    BLECharacteristic *model =
-        this->device_information_service_->create_characteristic(MODEL_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ);
-    model->set_value(ESPHOME_BOARD);
-  }
-
-  BLECharacteristic *version =
-      this->device_information_service_->create_characteristic(VERSION_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ);
-  version->set_value("ESPHome " ESPHOME_VERSION);
-
-  BLECharacteristic *manufacturer =
-      this->device_information_service_->create_characteristic(MANUFACTURER_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ);
-  manufacturer->set_value(this->manufacturer_);
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-void BLEServer::create_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, bool advertise, uint16_t num_handles, uint8_t inst_id) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Creating BLE service - %s", uuid.to_string().c_str());
-  // If the service already exists, do nothing
+  // Calculate the inst_id for the service
-  BLEService *service = this->get_service(uuid);
+  uint8_t inst_id = 0;
-  if (service != nullptr) {
+  for (; inst_id < 0xFF; inst_id++) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "BLE service %s already exists", uuid.to_string().c_str());
+    if (this->get_service(uuid, inst_id) == nullptr) {
-    return;
+      break;
     }
-  service = new BLEService(uuid, num_handles, inst_id, advertise);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  }
-  this->services_.emplace(uuid.to_string(), service);
+  if (inst_id == 0xFF) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not create BLE service %s, too many instances", uuid.to_string().c_str());
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  BLEService *service =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+      new BLEService(uuid, num_handles, inst_id, advertise);
+  this->services_.emplace(BLEServer::get_service_key(uuid, inst_id), service);
+  if (this->parent_->is_active() && this->registered_) {
     service->do_create(this);
   }
+  return service;
+}
 
-void BLEServer::remove_service(ESPBTUUID uuid) {
+void BLEServer::remove_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Removing BLE service - %s", uuid.to_string().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Removing BLE service - %s %d", uuid.to_string().c_str(), inst_id);
-  BLEService *service = this->get_service(uuid);
+  BLEService *service = this->get_service(uuid, inst_id);
   if (service == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "BLE service %s not found", uuid.to_string().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "BLE service %s %d does not exist", uuid.to_string().c_str(), inst_id);
     return;
   }
   service->do_delete();
   delete service;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  this->services_.erase(uuid.to_string());
+  this->services_.erase(BLEServer::get_service_key(uuid, inst_id));
 }
 
-BLEService *BLEServer::get_service(ESPBTUUID uuid) {
+BLEService *BLEServer::get_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id) {
   BLEService *service = nullptr;
-  if (this->services_.count(uuid.to_string()) > 0) {
+  if (this->services_.count(BLEServer::get_service_key(uuid, inst_id)) > 0) {
-    service = this->services_.at(uuid.to_string());
+    service = this->services_.at(BLEServer::get_service_key(uuid, inst_id));
   }
   return service;
 }
 
+std::string BLEServer::get_service_key(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id) {
+  return uuid.to_string() + std::to_string(inst_id);
+}
+
 void BLEServer::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if,
                                     esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param) {
   switch (event) {
     case ESP_GATTS_CONNECT_EVT: {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE Client connected");
-      this->add_client_(param->connect.conn_id, (void *) this);
+      this->add_client_(param->connect.conn_id);
-      this->connected_clients_++;
+      this->emit_(BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_CONNECT, param->connect.conn_id);
-      for (auto *component : this->service_components_) {
-        component->on_client_connect();
-      }
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_DISCONNECT_EVT: {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE Client disconnected");
-      if (this->remove_client_(param->disconnect.conn_id))
+      this->remove_client_(param->disconnect.conn_id);
-        this->connected_clients_--;
       this->parent_->advertising_start();
-      for (auto *component : this->service_components_) {
+      this->emit_(BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_DISCONNECT, param->disconnect.conn_id);
-        component->on_client_disconnect();
-      }
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_REG_EVT: {

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.h

@@ -4,36 +4,38 @@
 #include "ble_characteristic.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/queue.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
-#include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
 #include <esp_gatts_api.h>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_ble_server {
 
 using namespace esp32_ble;
+using namespace bytebuffer;
 
-class BLEServiceComponent {
+namespace BLEServerEvt {
- public:
+enum EmptyEvt {
-  virtual void on_client_connect(){};
+  ON_CONNECT,
-  virtual void on_client_disconnect(){};
+  ON_DISCONNECT,
-  virtual void start();
-  virtual void stop();
 };
+}  // namespace BLEServerEvt
 
-class BLEServer : public Component, public GATTsEventHandler, public BLEStatusEventHandler, public Parented<ESP32BLE> {
+class BLEServer : public Component,
+                  public GATTsEventHandler,
+                  public BLEStatusEventHandler,
+                  public Parented<ESP32BLE>,
+                  public EventEmitter<BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt, uint16_t> {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
@@ -44,47 +46,41 @@ class BLEServer : public Component, public GATTsEventHandler, public BLEStatusEv
   void teardown();
   bool is_running();
 
-  void set_manufacturer(const std::string &manufacturer) { this->manufacturer_ = manufacturer; }
-  void set_model(const std::string &model) { this->model_ = model; }
   void set_manufacturer_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     this->manufacturer_data_ = data;
     this->restart_advertising_();
   }
 
-  void create_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, bool advertise = false, uint16_t num_handles = 15, uint8_t inst_id = 0);
+  BLEService *create_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, bool advertise = false, uint16_t num_handles = 15);
-  void remove_service(ESPBTUUID uuid);
+  void remove_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id = 0);
-  BLEService *get_service(ESPBTUUID uuid);
+  BLEService *get_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id = 0);
+  void enqueue_start_service(BLEService *service) { this->services_to_start_.push_back(service); }
+  void set_device_information_service(BLEService *service) { this->device_information_service_ = service; }
 
   esp_gatt_if_t get_gatts_if() { return this->gatts_if_; }
-  uint32_t get_connected_client_count() { return this->connected_clients_; }
+  uint32_t get_connected_client_count() { return this->clients_.size(); }
-  const std::unordered_map<uint16_t, void *> &get_clients() { return this->clients_; }
+  const std::unordered_set<uint16_t> &get_clients() { return this->clients_; }
 
   void gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if,
                            esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param) override;
 
   void ble_before_disabled_event_handler() override;
 
-  void register_service_component(BLEServiceComponent *component) { this->service_components_.push_back(component); }
-
  protected:
-  bool create_device_characteristics_();
+  static std::string get_service_key(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id);
   void restart_advertising_();
 
-  void add_client_(uint16_t conn_id, void *client) { this->clients_.emplace(conn_id, client); }
+  void add_client_(uint16_t conn_id) { this->clients_.insert(conn_id); }
-  bool remove_client_(uint16_t conn_id) { return this->clients_.erase(conn_id) > 0; }
+  void remove_client_(uint16_t conn_id) { this->clients_.erase(conn_id); }
 
-  std::string manufacturer_;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> manufacturer_data_{};
-  optional<std::string> model_;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> manufacturer_data_;
   esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if_{0};
   bool registered_{false};
 
-  uint32_t connected_clients_{0};
+  std::unordered_set<uint16_t> clients_;
-  std::unordered_map<uint16_t, void *> clients_;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, BLEService *> services_{};
-  std::unordered_map<std::string, BLEService *> services_;
+  std::vector<BLEService *> services_to_start_{};
-  BLEService *device_information_service_;
+  BLEService *device_information_service_{};
-
-  std::vector<BLEServiceComponent *> service_components_;
 
   enum State : uint8_t {
     INIT = 0x00,

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server_automations.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include "ble_server_automations.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace esp32_ble_server {
+// Interface to interact with ESPHome automations and triggers
+namespace esp32_ble_server_automations {
+
+using namespace esp32_ble;
+
+Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_characteristic_on_write_trigger(
+    BLECharacteristic *characteristic) {
+  Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *on_write_trigger =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+      new Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>();
+  characteristic->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>::on(
+      BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE,
+      [on_write_trigger](const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint16_t id) { on_write_trigger->trigger(data, id); });
+  return on_write_trigger;
+}
+
+Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_descriptor_on_write_trigger(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) {
+  Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *on_write_trigger =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+      new Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>();
+  descriptor->on(
+      BLEDescriptorEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE,
+      [on_write_trigger](const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint16_t id) { on_write_trigger->trigger(data, id); });
+  return on_write_trigger;
+}
+
+Trigger<uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_server_on_connect_trigger(BLEServer *server) {
+  Trigger<uint16_t> *on_connect_trigger = new Trigger<uint16_t>();  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  server->on(BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_CONNECT,
+             [on_connect_trigger](uint16_t conn_id) { on_connect_trigger->trigger(conn_id); });
+  return on_connect_trigger;
+}
+
+Trigger<uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_server_on_disconnect_trigger(BLEServer *server) {
+  Trigger<uint16_t> *on_disconnect_trigger = new Trigger<uint16_t>();  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  server->on(BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_DISCONNECT,
+             [on_disconnect_trigger](uint16_t conn_id) { on_disconnect_trigger->trigger(conn_id); });
+  return on_disconnect_trigger;
+}
+
+void BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager::set_listener(BLECharacteristic *characteristic,
+                                                          EventEmitterListenerID listener_id,
+                                                          const std::function<void()> &pre_notify_listener) {
+  // Check if there is already a listener for this characteristic
+  if (this->listeners_.count(characteristic) > 0) {
+    // Unpack the pair listener_id, pre_notify_listener_id
+    auto listener_pairs = this->listeners_[characteristic];
+    EventEmitterListenerID old_listener_id = listener_pairs.first;
+    EventEmitterListenerID old_pre_notify_listener_id = listener_pairs.second;
+    // Remove the previous listener
+    characteristic->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt, uint16_t>::off(BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_READ,
+                                                                                old_listener_id);
+    // Remove the pre-notify listener
+    this->off(BLECharacteristicSetValueActionEvt::PRE_NOTIFY, old_pre_notify_listener_id);
+  }
+  // Create a new listener for the pre-notify event
+  EventEmitterListenerID pre_notify_listener_id =
+      this->on(BLECharacteristicSetValueActionEvt::PRE_NOTIFY,
+               [pre_notify_listener, characteristic](const BLECharacteristic *evt_characteristic) {
+                 // Only call the pre-notify listener if the characteristic is the one we are interested in
+                 if (characteristic == evt_characteristic) {
+                   pre_notify_listener();
+                 }
+               });
+  // Save the pair listener_id, pre_notify_listener_id to the map
+  this->listeners_[characteristic] = std::make_pair(listener_id, pre_notify_listener_id);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esp32_ble_server_automations
+}  // namespace esp32_ble_server
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server_automations.h

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ble_server.h"
+#include "ble_characteristic.h"
+#include "ble_descriptor.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/event_emitter/event_emitter.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <functional>
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace esp32_ble_server {
+// Interface to interact with ESPHome actions and triggers
+namespace esp32_ble_server_automations {
+
+using namespace esp32_ble;
+using namespace event_emitter;
+
+class BLETriggers {
+ public:
+  static Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *create_characteristic_on_write_trigger(
+      BLECharacteristic *characteristic);
+  static Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *create_descriptor_on_write_trigger(BLEDescriptor *descriptor);
+  static Trigger<uint16_t> *create_server_on_connect_trigger(BLEServer *server);
+  static Trigger<uint16_t> *create_server_on_disconnect_trigger(BLEServer *server);
+};
+
+enum BLECharacteristicSetValueActionEvt {
+  PRE_NOTIFY,
+};
+
+// Class to make sure only one BLECharacteristicSetValueAction is active at a time for each characteristic
+class BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager
+    : public EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicSetValueActionEvt, BLECharacteristic *> {
+ public:
+  // Singleton pattern
+  static BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager *get_instance() {
+    static BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager instance;
+    return &instance;
+  }
+  void set_listener(BLECharacteristic *characteristic, EventEmitterListenerID listener_id,
+                    const std::function<void()> &pre_notify_listener);
+  EventEmitterListenerID get_listener(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) {
+    return this->listeners_[characteristic].first;
+  }
+  void emit_pre_notify(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) {
+    this->emit_(BLECharacteristicSetValueActionEvt::PRE_NOTIFY, characteristic);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unordered_map<BLECharacteristic *, std::pair<EventEmitterListenerID, EventEmitterListenerID>> listeners_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLECharacteristicSetValueAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  BLECharacteristicSetValueAction(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) : parent_(characteristic) {}
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::vector<uint8_t>, buffer)
+  void set_buffer(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_buffer(buffer.get_data()); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
+    // If the listener is already set, do nothing
+    if (BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager::get_instance()->get_listener(this->parent_) == this->listener_id_)
+      return;
+    // Set initial value
+    this->parent_->set_value(this->buffer_.value(x...));
+    // Set the listener for read events
+    this->listener_id_ = this->parent_->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt, uint16_t>::on(
+        BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_READ, [this, x...](uint16_t id) {
+          // Set the value of the characteristic every time it is read
+          this->parent_->set_value(this->buffer_.value(x...));
+        });
+    // Set the listener in the global manager so only one BLECharacteristicSetValueAction is set for each characteristic
+    BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager::get_instance()->set_listener(
+        this->parent_, this->listener_id_, [this, x...]() { this->parent_->set_value(this->buffer_.value(x...)); });
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  BLECharacteristic *parent_;
+  EventEmitterListenerID listener_id_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLECharacteristicNotifyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  BLECharacteristicNotifyAction(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) : parent_(characteristic) {}
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
+    // Call the pre-notify event
+    BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager::get_instance()->emit_pre_notify(this->parent_);
+    // Notify the characteristic
+    this->parent_->notify();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  BLECharacteristic *parent_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLEDescriptorSetValueAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  BLEDescriptorSetValueAction(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) : parent_(descriptor) {}
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::vector<uint8_t>, buffer)
+  void set_buffer(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_buffer(buffer.get_data()); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_value(this->buffer_.value(x...)); }
+
+ protected:
+  BLEDescriptor *parent_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esp32_ble_server_automations
+}  // namespace esp32_ble_server
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_service.cpp

@@ -52,18 +52,21 @@ void BLEService::do_create(BLEServer *server) {
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_create_service(server->get_gatts_if(), &srvc_id, this->num_handles_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gatts_create_service failed: %d", err);
-    this->init_state_ = FAILED;
+    this->state_ = FAILED;
     return;
   }
-  this->init_state_ = CREATING;
+  this->state_ = CREATING;
 }
 
 void BLEService::do_delete() {
-  if (this->init_state_ == DELETING || this->init_state_ == DELETED)
+  if (this->state_ == DELETING || this->state_ == DELETED)
     return;
-  this->init_state_ = DELETING;
+  this->state_ = DELETING;
   this->created_characteristic_count_ = 0;
   this->last_created_characteristic_ = nullptr;
+  // Call all characteristics to delete
+  for (auto *characteristic : this->characteristics_)
+    characteristic->do_delete();
   this->stop_();
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_delete_service(this->handle_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
@@ -91,6 +94,7 @@ void BLEService::start() {
     return;
   should_start_ = true;
 
+  this->state_ = STARTING;
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_start_service(this->handle_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gatts_start_service failed: %d", err);
@@ -98,7 +102,6 @@ void BLEService::start() {
   }
   if (this->advertise_)
     esp32_ble::global_ble->advertising_add_service_uuid(this->uuid_);
-  this->running_state_ = STARTING;
 }
 
 void BLEService::stop() {
@@ -107,9 +110,9 @@ void BLEService::stop() {
 }
 
 void BLEService::stop_() {
-  if (this->running_state_ == STOPPING || this->running_state_ == STOPPED)
+  if (this->state_ == STOPPING || this->state_ == STOPPED)
     return;
-  this->running_state_ = STOPPING;
+  this->state_ = STOPPING;
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_stop_service(this->handle_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gatts_stop_service failed: %d", err);
@@ -119,17 +122,16 @@ void BLEService::stop_() {
     esp32_ble::global_ble->advertising_remove_service_uuid(this->uuid_);
 }
 
-bool BLEService::is_created() { return this->init_state_ == CREATED; }
 bool BLEService::is_failed() {
-  if (this->init_state_ == FAILED)
+  if (this->state_ == FAILED)
     return true;
   bool failed = false;
   for (auto *characteristic : this->characteristics_)
     failed |= characteristic->is_failed();
 
   if (failed)
-    this->init_state_ = FAILED;
+    this->state_ = FAILED;
-  return this->init_state_ == FAILED;
+  return this->state_ == FAILED;
 }
 
 void BLEService::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if,
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ void BLEService::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t g
       if (this->uuid_ == ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(param->create.service_id.id.uuid) &&
           this->inst_id_ == param->create.service_id.id.inst_id) {
         this->handle_ = param->create.service_handle;
-        this->init_state_ = CREATED;
+        this->state_ = CREATED;
         if (this->should_start_)
           this->start();
       }
@@ -147,18 +149,18 @@ void BLEService::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t g
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_DELETE_EVT:
       if (param->del.service_handle == this->handle_) {
-        this->init_state_ = DELETED;
+        this->state_ = DELETED;
       }
       break;
     case ESP_GATTS_START_EVT: {
       if (param->start.service_handle == this->handle_) {
-        this->running_state_ = RUNNING;
+        this->state_ = RUNNING;
       }
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_STOP_EVT: {
       if (param->start.service_handle == this->handle_) {
-        this->running_state_ = STOPPED;
+        this->state_ = STOPPED;
       }
       break;
     }

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_service.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class BLEService {
   BLECharacteristic *create_characteristic(ESPBTUUID uuid, esp_gatt_char_prop_t properties);
 
   ESPBTUUID get_uuid() { return this->uuid_; }
+  uint8_t get_inst_id() { return this->inst_id_; }
   BLECharacteristic *get_last_created_characteristic() { return this->last_created_characteristic_; }
   uint16_t get_handle() { return this->handle_; }
 
@@ -44,18 +45,17 @@ class BLEService {
   void start();
   void stop();
 
-  bool is_created();
   bool is_failed();
-
+  bool is_created() { return this->state_ == CREATED; }
-  bool is_running() { return this->running_state_ == RUNNING; }
+  bool is_running() { return this->state_ == RUNNING; }
-  bool is_starting() { return this->running_state_ == STARTING; }
+  bool is_starting() { return this->state_ == STARTING; }
-  bool is_deleted() { return this->init_state_ == DELETED; }
+  bool is_deleted() { return this->state_ == DELETED; }
 
  protected:
   std::vector<BLECharacteristic *> characteristics_;
   BLECharacteristic *last_created_characteristic_{nullptr};
   uint32_t created_characteristic_count_{0};
-  BLEServer *server_;
+  BLEServer *server_ = nullptr;
   ESPBTUUID uuid_;
   uint16_t num_handles_;
   uint16_t handle_{0xFFFF};
@@ -66,22 +66,18 @@ class BLEService {
   bool do_create_characteristics_();
   void stop_();
 
-  enum InitState : uint8_t {
+  enum State : uint8_t {
     FAILED = 0x00,
     INIT,
     CREATING,
-    CREATING_DEPENDENTS,
     CREATED,
-    DELETING,
-    DELETED,
-  } init_state_{INIT};
-
-  enum RunningState : uint8_t {
     STARTING,
     RUNNING,
     STOPPING,
     STOPPED,
-  } running_state_{STOPPED};
+    DELETING,
+    DELETED,
+  } state_{INIT};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esp32_ble_server

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-import re
-
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32_ble
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
+from esphome.components.esp32_ble import (
+    bt_uuid,
+    bt_uuid16_format,
+    bt_uuid32_format,
+    bt_uuid128_format,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ACTIVE,
@@ -86,43 +90,6 @@ def validate_scan_parameters(config):
     return config
 
 
-bt_uuid16_format = "XXXX"
-bt_uuid32_format = "XXXXXXXX"
-bt_uuid128_format = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX"
-
-
-def bt_uuid(value):
-    in_value = cv.string_strict(value)
-    value = in_value.upper()
-
-    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
-        pattern = re.compile("^[A-F|0-9]{4,}$")
-        if not pattern.match(value):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 16 bit UUID format: '{in_value}'"
-            )
-        return value
-    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid32_format):
-        pattern = re.compile("^[A-F|0-9]{8,}$")
-        if not pattern.match(value):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 32 bit UUID format: '{in_value}'"
-            )
-        return value
-    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid128_format):
-        pattern = re.compile(
-            "^[A-F|0-9]{8,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{12,}$"
-        )
-        if not pattern.match(value):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 128 UUID format: '{in_value}'"
-            )
-        return value
-    raise cv.Invalid(
-        f"Service UUID must be in 16 bit '{bt_uuid16_format}', 32 bit '{bt_uuid32_format}', or 128 bit '{bt_uuid128_format}' format"
-    )
-
-
 def as_hex(value):
     return cg.RawExpression(f"0x{value}ULL")
 

esphome/components/esp32_dac/esp32_dac.cpp

@@ -7,13 +7,16 @@
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
 #include <esp32-hal-dac.h>
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
-#include <driver/dac.h>
-#endif
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_dac {
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2
+static constexpr uint8_t DAC0_PIN = 17;
+#else
+static constexpr uint8_t DAC0_PIN = 25;
+#endif
+
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_dac";
 
 void ESP32DAC::setup() {
@@ -22,8 +25,15 @@ void ESP32DAC::setup() {
   this->turn_off();
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
-  auto channel = pin_->get_pin() == 25 ? DAC_CHANNEL_1 : DAC_CHANNEL_2;
+  const dac_channel_t channel = this->pin_->get_pin() == DAC0_PIN ? DAC_CHAN_0 : DAC_CHAN_1;
-  dac_output_enable(channel);
+  const dac_oneshot_config_t oneshot_cfg{channel};
+  dac_oneshot_new_channel(&oneshot_cfg, &this->dac_handle_);
+#endif
+}
+
+void ESP32DAC::on_safe_shutdown() {
+#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
+  dac_oneshot_del_channel(this->dac_handle_);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -40,8 +50,7 @@ void ESP32DAC::write_state(float state) {
   state = state * 255;
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
-  auto channel = pin_->get_pin() == 25 ? DAC_CHANNEL_1 : DAC_CHANNEL_2;
+  dac_oneshot_output_voltage(this->dac_handle_, state);
-  dac_output_voltage(channel, (uint8_t) state);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
   dacWrite(this->pin_->get_pin(), state);

esphome/components/esp32_dac/esp32_dac.h

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
+#include <driver/dac_oneshot.h>
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_dac {
 
@@ -16,6 +20,7 @@ class ESP32DAC : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
 
   /// Initialize pin
   void setup() override;
+  void on_safe_shutdown() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   /// HARDWARE setup_priority
   float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
@@ -24,6 +29,9 @@ class ESP32DAC : public output::FloatOutput, public Component {
   void write_state(float state) override;
 
   InternalGPIOPin *pin_;
+#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
+  dac_oneshot_handle_t dac_handle_;
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace esp32_dac

esphome/components/esp32_dac/output.py

@@ -1,15 +1,27 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome import pins
 from esphome.components import output
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components.esp32 import get_esp32_variant
-import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import VARIANT_ESP32, VARIANT_ESP32S2
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_NUMBER, CONF_PIN
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 
+DAC_PINS = {
+    VARIANT_ESP32: (25, 26),
+    VARIANT_ESP32S2: (17, 18),
+}
+
 
 def valid_dac_pin(value):
-    num = value[CONF_NUMBER]
+    variant = get_esp32_variant()
-    cv.one_of(25, 26)(num)
+    try:
+        valid_pins = DAC_PINS[variant]
+    except KeyError as ex:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"DAC is not supported on {variant}") from ex
+    given_pin = value[CONF_NUMBER]
+    cv.one_of(*valid_pins)(given_pin)
     return value
 
 

esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_server, output
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_STATE, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ Error = improv_ns.enum("Error")
 State = improv_ns.enum("State")
 
 esp32_improv_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32_improv")
-ESP32ImprovComponent = esp32_improv_ns.class_(
+ESP32ImprovComponent = esp32_improv_ns.class_("ESP32ImprovComponent", cg.Component)
-    "ESP32ImprovComponent", cg.Component, esp32_ble_server.BLEServiceComponent
-)
 ESP32ImprovProvisionedTrigger = esp32_improv_ns.class_(
     "ESP32ImprovProvisionedTrigger", automation.Trigger.template()
 )
@@ -47,7 +45,6 @@ ESP32ImprovStoppedTrigger = esp32_improv_ns.class_(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ESP32ImprovComponent),
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_BLE_SERVER_ID): cv.use_id(esp32_ble_server.BLEServer),
         cv.Required(CONF_AUTHORIZER): cv.Any(
             cv.none, cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor)
         ),
@@ -100,9 +97,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
-    ble_server = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BLE_SERVER_ID])
-    cg.add(ble_server.register_service_component(var))
-
     cg.add_define("USE_IMPROV")
     cg.add_library("improv/Improv", "1.2.4")
 

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_2902.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_improv {
 
+using namespace bytebuffer;
+
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_improv.component";
 static const char *const ESPHOME_MY_LINK = "https://my.home-assistant.io/redirect/config_flow_start?domain=esphome";
 
@@ -26,6 +29,8 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::setup() {
     });
   }
 #endif
+  global_ble_server->on(BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_DISCONNECT,
+                        [this](uint16_t conn_id) { this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_NONE); });
 }
 
 void ESP32ImprovComponent::setup_characteristics() {
@@ -40,7 +45,8 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::setup_characteristics() {
   this->error_->add_descriptor(error_descriptor);
 
   this->rpc_ = this->service_->create_characteristic(improv::RPC_COMMAND_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE);
-  this->rpc_->on_write([this](const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+  this->rpc_->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>::on(
+      BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE, [this](const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint16_t id) {
         if (!data.empty()) {
           this->incoming_data_.insert(this->incoming_data_.end(), data.begin(), data.end());
         }
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::setup_characteristics() {
   if (this->status_indicator_ != nullptr)
     capabilities |= improv::CAPABILITY_IDENTIFY;
 #endif
-  this->capabilities_->set_value(capabilities);
+  this->capabilities_->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(capabilities));
   this->setup_complete_ = true;
 }
 
@@ -80,8 +86,7 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::loop() {
   if (this->service_ == nullptr) {
     // Setup the service
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Creating Improv service");
-    global_ble_server->create_service(ESPBTUUID::from_raw(improv::SERVICE_UUID), true);
+    this->service_ = global_ble_server->create_service(ESPBTUUID::from_raw(improv::SERVICE_UUID), true);
-    this->service_ = global_ble_server->get_service(ESPBTUUID::from_raw(improv::SERVICE_UUID));
     this->setup_characteristics();
   }
 
@@ -93,15 +98,15 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::loop() {
     case improv::STATE_STOPPED:
       this->set_status_indicator_state_(false);
 
-      if (this->service_->is_created() && this->should_start_ && this->setup_complete_) {
+      if (this->should_start_ && this->setup_complete_) {
-        if (this->service_->is_running()) {
+        if (this->service_->is_created()) {
+          this->service_->start();
+        } else if (this->service_->is_running()) {
           esp32_ble::global_ble->advertising_start();
 
           this->set_state_(improv::STATE_AWAITING_AUTHORIZATION);
           this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_NONE);
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Service started!");
-        } else {
-          this->service_->start();
         }
       }
       break;
@@ -199,8 +204,7 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::set_state_(improv::State state) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting state: %d", state);
   this->state_ = state;
   if (this->status_->get_value().empty() || this->status_->get_value()[0] != state) {
-    uint8_t data[1]{state};
+    this->status_->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(static_cast<uint8_t>(state)));
-    this->status_->set_value(data, 1);
     if (state != improv::STATE_STOPPED)
       this->status_->notify();
   }
@@ -232,15 +236,14 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::set_error_(improv::Error error) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error: %d", error);
   }
   if (this->error_->get_value().empty() || this->error_->get_value()[0] != error) {
-    uint8_t data[1]{error};
+    this->error_->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(static_cast<uint8_t>(error)));
-    this->error_->set_value(data, 1);
     if (this->state_ != improv::STATE_STOPPED)
       this->error_->notify();
   }
 }
 
 void ESP32ImprovComponent::send_response_(std::vector<uint8_t> &response) {
-  this->rpc_response_->set_value(response);
+  this->rpc_response_->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(response));
   if (this->state_ != improv::STATE_STOPPED)
     this->rpc_response_->notify();
 }
@@ -339,8 +342,6 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::on_wifi_connect_timeout_() {
   wifi::global_wifi_component->clear_sta();
 }
 
-void ESP32ImprovComponent::on_client_disconnect() { this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_NONE); };
-
 ESP32ImprovComponent *global_improv_component = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 }  // namespace esp32_improv

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.h

@@ -32,18 +32,17 @@ namespace esp32_improv {
 
 using namespace esp32_ble_server;
 
-class ESP32ImprovComponent : public Component, public BLEServiceComponent {
+class ESP32ImprovComponent : public Component {
  public:
   ESP32ImprovComponent();
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
   void setup() override;
   void setup_characteristics();
-  void on_client_disconnect() override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
-  void start() override;
+  void start();
-  void stop() override;
+  void stop();
   bool is_active() const { return this->state_ != improv::STATE_STOPPED; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_IMPROV_STATE_CALLBACK

esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/light.py

@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             OptionalForIDF5(
                 CONF_RMT_SYMBOLS,
-                esp32_idf=64,
+                esp32_idf=192,
-                esp32_s2_idf=64,
+                esp32_s2_idf=192,
-                esp32_s3_idf=48,
+                esp32_s3_idf=192,
-                esp32_c3_idf=48,
+                esp32_c3_idf=96,
-                esp32_c6_idf=48,
+                esp32_c6_idf=96,
-                esp32_h2_idf=48,
+                esp32_h2_idf=96,
             ): cv.All(only_with_new_rmt_driver, cv.int_range(min=2)),
             cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_REFRESH_RATE): cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
             cv.Optional(CONF_CHIPSET): cv.one_of(*CHIPSETS, upper=True),

esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.h

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ class ESP8266GPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void detach_interrupt() const override;
   ISRInternalGPIOPin to_isr() const override;
   uint8_t get_pin() const override { return pin_; }
+  gpio::Flags get_flags() const override { return flags_; }
   bool is_inverted() const override { return inverted_; }
 
  protected:

esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.py

@@ -112,8 +112,7 @@ def validate_supports(value):
         )
     if is_pullup and num == 16:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            "GPIO Pin 16 does not support pullup pin mode. "
+            "GPIO Pin 16 does not support pullup pin mode. Please choose another pin.",
-            "Please choose another pin.",
             [CONF_MODE, CONF_PULLUP],
         )
     if is_pulldown and num != 16:

esphome/components/event_emitter/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Rapsssito"]
+
+# Allows event_emitter to be configured in yaml, to allow use of the C++ api.
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = {}

esphome/components/event_emitter/event_emitter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "event_emitter.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace event_emitter {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "event_emitter";
+
+void raise_event_emitter_full_error() {
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "EventEmitter has reached the maximum number of listeners for event");
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Removing listener to make space for new listener");
+}
+
+}  // namespace event_emitter
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/event_emitter/event_emitter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+#include <functional>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace event_emitter {
+
+using EventEmitterListenerID = uint32_t;
+void raise_event_emitter_full_error();
+
+// EventEmitter class that can emit events with a specific name (it is highly recommended to use an enum class for this)
+// and a list of arguments. Supports multiple listeners for each event.
+template<typename EvtType, typename... Args> class EventEmitter {
+ public:
+  EventEmitterListenerID on(EvtType event, std::function<void(Args...)> listener) {
+    EventEmitterListenerID listener_id = get_next_id_(event);
+    listeners_[event][listener_id] = listener;
+    return listener_id;
+  }
+
+  void off(EvtType event, EventEmitterListenerID id) {
+    if (listeners_.count(event) == 0)
+      return;
+    listeners_[event].erase(id);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void emit_(EvtType event, Args... args) {
+    if (listeners_.count(event) == 0)
+      return;
+    for (const auto &listener : listeners_[event]) {
+      listener.second(args...);
+    }
+  }
+
+  EventEmitterListenerID get_next_id_(EvtType event) {
+    // Check if the map is full
+    if (listeners_[event].size() == std::numeric_limits<EventEmitterListenerID>::max()) {
+      // Raise an error if the map is full
+      raise_event_emitter_full_error();
+      off(event, 0);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    // Get the next ID for the given event.
+    EventEmitterListenerID next_id = (current_id_ + 1) % std::numeric_limits<EventEmitterListenerID>::max();
+    while (listeners_[event].count(next_id) > 0) {
+      next_id = (next_id + 1) % std::numeric_limits<EventEmitterListenerID>::max();
+    }
+    current_id_ = next_id;
+    return current_id_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unordered_map<EvtType, std::unordered_map<EventEmitterListenerID, std::function<void(Args...)>>> listeners_;
+  EventEmitterListenerID current_id_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace event_emitter
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/font/__init__.py

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import os
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 
+import esphome_glyphsets as glyphsets
 import freetype
-import glyphsets
 import requests
 
 from esphome import core, external_files

esphome/components/graph/graph.cpp

@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <iostream>  // std::cout, std::fixed
-#include <iomanip>
 namespace esphome {
 namespace graph {
 
@@ -231,9 +228,8 @@ void GraphLegend::init(Graph *g) {
     ESP_LOGI(TAGL, "  %s %d %d", txtstr.c_str(), fw, fh);
 
     if (this->values_ != VALUE_POSITION_TYPE_NONE) {
-      std::stringstream ss;
+      std::string valstr =
-      ss << std::fixed << std::setprecision(trace->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals()) << trace->sensor_->get_state();
+          value_accuracy_to_string(trace->sensor_->get_state(), trace->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals());
-      std::string valstr = ss.str();
       if (this->units_) {
         valstr += trace->sensor_->get_unit_of_measurement();
       }
@@ -368,9 +364,8 @@ void Graph::draw_legend(display::Display *buff, uint16_t x_offset, uint16_t y_of
     if (legend_->values_ != VALUE_POSITION_TYPE_NONE) {
       int xv = x + legend_->xv_;
       int yv = y + legend_->yv_;
-      std::stringstream ss;
+      std::string valstr =
-      ss << std::fixed << std::setprecision(trace->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals()) << trace->sensor_->get_state();
+          value_accuracy_to_string(trace->sensor_->get_state(), trace->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals());
-      std::string valstr = ss.str();
       if (legend_->units_) {
         valstr += trace->sensor_->get_unit_of_measurement();
       }

esphome/components/haier/climate.py

@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
-import logging
+import logging
-import esphome.codegen as cg
+
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-import esphome.final_validate as fv
-from esphome.components import uart, climate, logger
 from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import climate, logger, uart
+from esphome.components.climate import (
+    CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE,
+    ClimateMode,
+    ClimatePreset,
+    ClimateSwingMode,
+)
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BEEPER,
     CONF_DISPLAY,
@@ -24,12 +30,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_VISUAL,
     CONF_WIFI,
 )
-from esphome.components.climate import (
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
-    ClimateMode,
-    ClimatePreset,
-    ClimateSwingMode,
-    CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE,
-)
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 

esphome/components/host/gpio.h

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class HostGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void detach_interrupt() const override;
   ISRInternalGPIOPin to_isr() const override;
   uint8_t get_pin() const override { return pin_; }
+  gpio::Flags get_flags() const override { return flags_; }
   bool is_inverted() const override { return inverted_; }
 
  protected:

esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace http_request {
 
 struct Header {
-  const char *name;
+  std::string name;
-  const char *value;
+  std::string value;
 };
 
 // Some common HTTP status codes

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::start(std::string url, std::s
     container->client_.setUserAgent(this->useragent_);
   }
   for (const auto &header : headers) {
-    container->client_.addHeader(header.name, header.value, false, true);
+    container->client_.addHeader(header.name.c_str(), header.value.c_str(), false, true);
   }
 
   // returned needed headers must be collected before the requests

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::start(std::string url, std::strin
   container->set_secure(secure);
 
   for (const auto &header : headers) {
-    esp_http_client_set_header(client, header.name, header.value);
+    esp_http_client_set_header(client, header.name.c_str(), header.value.c_str());
   }
 
   const int body_len = body.length();

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ void IDFI2CBus::setup() {
   conf.scl_io_num = scl_pin_;
   conf.scl_pullup_en = scl_pullup_enabled_;
   conf.master.clk_speed = frequency_;
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2
+  // workaround for https://github.com/esphome/issues/issues/6718
+  conf.clk_flags = I2C_SCLK_SRC_FLAG_AWARE_DFS;
+#endif
   esp_err_t err = i2c_param_config(port_, &conf);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "i2c_param_config failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/__init__.py

@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import esp32, speaker
+from esphome.components import audio, esp32, speaker
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_CHANNEL, CONF_ID, CONF_MODE, CONF_TIMEOUT
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE,
+    CONF_BUFFER_DURATION,
+    CONF_CHANNEL,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MODE,
+    CONF_NEVER,
+    CONF_NUM_CHANNELS,
+    CONF_SAMPLE_RATE,
+    CONF_TIMEOUT,
+)
 
 from .. import (
     CONF_I2S_DOUT_PIN,
+    CONF_I2S_MODE,
     CONF_LEFT,
     CONF_MONO,
+    CONF_PRIMARY,
     CONF_RIGHT,
     CONF_STEREO,
     I2SAudioOut,
@@ -24,10 +36,8 @@ I2SAudioSpeaker = i2s_audio_ns.class_(
     "I2SAudioSpeaker", cg.Component, speaker.Speaker, I2SAudioOut
 )
 
-CONF_BUFFER_DURATION = "buffer_duration"
 CONF_DAC_TYPE = "dac_type"
 CONF_I2S_COMM_FMT = "i2s_comm_fmt"
-CONF_NEVER = "never"
 
 i2s_dac_mode_t = cg.global_ns.enum("i2s_dac_mode_t")
 INTERNAL_DAC_OPTIONS = {
@@ -53,7 +63,41 @@ I2C_COMM_FMT_OPTIONS = {
 NO_INTERNAL_DAC_VARIANTS = [esp32.const.VARIANT_ESP32S2]
 
 
-def validate_esp32_variant(config):
+def _set_num_channels_from_config(config):
+    if config[CONF_CHANNEL] in (CONF_MONO, CONF_LEFT, CONF_RIGHT):
+        config[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS] = 1
+    else:
+        config[CONF_NUM_CHANNELS] = 2
+
+    return config
+
+
+def _set_stream_limits(config):
+    if config[CONF_I2S_MODE] == CONF_PRIMARY:
+        # Primary mode has modifiable stream settings
+        audio.set_stream_limits(
+            min_bits_per_sample=8,
+            max_bits_per_sample=32,
+            min_channels=1,
+            max_channels=2,
+            min_sample_rate=16000,
+            max_sample_rate=48000,
+        )(config)
+    else:
+        # Secondary mode has unmodifiable max bits per sample and min/max sample rates
+        audio.set_stream_limits(
+            min_bits_per_sample=8,
+            max_bits_per_sample=config.get(CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE),
+            min_channels=1,
+            max_channels=2,
+            min_sample_rate=config.get(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE),
+            max_sample_rate=config.get(CONF_SAMPLE_RATE),
+        )
+
+    return config
+
+
+def _validate_esp32_variant(config):
     if config[CONF_DAC_TYPE] != "internal":
         return config
     variant = esp32.get_esp32_variant()
@@ -85,6 +129,7 @@ BASE_SCHEMA = (
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 )
 
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.typed_schema(
         {
@@ -106,7 +151,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         },
         key=CONF_DAC_TYPE,
     ),
-    validate_esp32_variant,
+    _validate_esp32_variant,
+    _set_num_channels_from_config,
+    _set_stream_limits,
 )
 
 

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.cpp

@@ -148,9 +148,11 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::loop() {
     this->status_set_error("Failed to adjust I2S bus to match the incoming audio");
     ESP_LOGE(TAG,
              "Incompatible audio format: sample rate = %" PRIu32 ", channels = %" PRIu8 ", bits per sample = %" PRIu8,
-             this->audio_stream_info_.sample_rate, this->audio_stream_info_.channels,
+             this->audio_stream_info_.get_sample_rate(), this->audio_stream_info_.get_channels(),
-             this->audio_stream_info_.bits_per_sample);
+             this->audio_stream_info_.get_bits_per_sample());
   }
+
+  xEventGroupClearBits(this->event_group_, ALL_ERR_ESP_BITS);
 }
 
 void I2SAudioSpeaker::set_volume(float volume) {
@@ -201,6 +203,12 @@ size_t I2SAudioSpeaker::play(const uint8_t *data, size_t length, TickType_t tick
     this->start();
   }
 
+  if ((this->state_ != speaker::STATE_RUNNING) || (this->audio_ring_buffer_.use_count() == 1)) {
+    // Unable to write data to a running speaker, so delay the max amount of time so it can get ready
+    vTaskDelay(ticks_to_wait);
+    ticks_to_wait = 0;
+  }
+
   size_t bytes_written = 0;
   if ((this->state_ == speaker::STATE_RUNNING) && (this->audio_ring_buffer_.use_count() == 1)) {
     // Only one owner of the ring buffer (the speaker task), so the ring buffer is allocated and no other components are
@@ -223,6 +231,8 @@ bool I2SAudioSpeaker::has_buffered_data() const {
 
 void I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task(void *params) {
   I2SAudioSpeaker *this_speaker = (I2SAudioSpeaker *) params;
+  this_speaker->task_created_ = true;
+
   uint32_t event_group_bits =
       xEventGroupWaitBits(this_speaker->event_group_,
                           SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_START | SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP |
@@ -240,19 +250,20 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task(void *params) {
 
   audio::AudioStreamInfo audio_stream_info = this_speaker->audio_stream_info_;
 
-  const uint32_t bytes_per_ms =
+  const uint32_t dma_buffers_duration_ms = DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS * DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT;
-      audio_stream_info.channels * audio_stream_info.get_bytes_per_sample() * audio_stream_info.sample_rate / 1000;
+  // Ensure ring buffer duration is at least the duration of all DMA buffers
+  const uint32_t ring_buffer_duration = std::max(dma_buffers_duration_ms, this_speaker->buffer_duration_ms_);
 
-  const size_t dma_buffers_size = DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT * DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS * bytes_per_ms;
+  // The DMA buffers may have more bits per sample, so calculate buffer sizes based in the input audio stream info
+  const size_t data_buffer_size = audio_stream_info.ms_to_bytes(dma_buffers_duration_ms);
+  const size_t ring_buffer_size = audio_stream_info.ms_to_bytes(ring_buffer_duration);
 
-  // Ensure ring buffer is at least as large as the total size of the DMA buffers
+  const size_t single_dma_buffer_input_size = data_buffer_size / DMA_BUFFERS_COUNT;
-  const size_t ring_buffer_size =
-      std::max((uint32_t) dma_buffers_size, this_speaker->buffer_duration_ms_ * bytes_per_ms);
 
-  if (this_speaker->send_esp_err_to_event_group_(this_speaker->allocate_buffers_(dma_buffers_size, ring_buffer_size))) {
+  if (this_speaker->send_esp_err_to_event_group_(this_speaker->allocate_buffers_(data_buffer_size, ring_buffer_size))) {
     // Failed to allocate buffers
     xEventGroupSetBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_ESP_NO_MEM);
-    this_speaker->delete_task_(dma_buffers_size);
+    this_speaker->delete_task_(data_buffer_size);
   }
 
   if (!this_speaker->send_esp_err_to_event_group_(this_speaker->start_i2s_driver_(audio_stream_info))) {
@@ -262,20 +273,25 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task(void *params) {
     uint32_t last_data_received_time = millis();
     bool tx_dma_underflow = false;
 
-    while (!this_speaker->timeout_.has_value() ||
+    this_speaker->accumulated_frames_written_ = 0;
+
+    // Keep looping if paused, there is no timeout configured, or data was received more recently than the configured
+    // timeout
+    while (this_speaker->pause_state_ || !this_speaker->timeout_.has_value() ||
            (millis() - last_data_received_time) <= this_speaker->timeout_.value()) {
       event_group_bits = xEventGroupGetBits(this_speaker->event_group_);
 
       if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP) {
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP);
         break;
       }
       if (event_group_bits & SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY) {
+        xEventGroupClearBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_STOP_GRACEFULLY);
         stop_gracefully = true;
       }
 
       if (this_speaker->audio_stream_info_ != audio_stream_info) {
-        // Audio stream info has changed, stop the speaker task so it will restart with the proper settings.
+        // Audio stream info changed, stop the speaker task so it will restart with the proper settings.
-
         break;
       }
 
@@ -286,33 +302,64 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task(void *params) {
         }
       }
 
-      size_t bytes_to_read = dma_buffers_size;
+      if (this_speaker->pause_state_) {
-      size_t bytes_read = this_speaker->audio_ring_buffer_->read((void *) this_speaker->data_buffer_, bytes_to_read,
+        // Pause state is accessed atomically, so thread safe
+        // Delay so the task can yields, then skip transferring audio data
+        delay(TASK_DELAY_MS);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      size_t bytes_read = this_speaker->audio_ring_buffer_->read((void *) this_speaker->data_buffer_, data_buffer_size,
                                                                  pdMS_TO_TICKS(TASK_DELAY_MS));
 
       if (bytes_read > 0) {
-        size_t bytes_written = 0;
+        if ((audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample() == 16) && (this_speaker->q15_volume_factor_ < INT16_MAX)) {
-
-        if ((audio_stream_info.bits_per_sample == 16) && (this_speaker->q15_volume_factor_ < INT16_MAX)) {
           // Scale samples by the volume factor in place
           q15_multiplication((int16_t *) this_speaker->data_buffer_, (int16_t *) this_speaker->data_buffer_,
                              bytes_read / sizeof(int16_t), this_speaker->q15_volume_factor_);
         }
 
-        if (audio_stream_info.bits_per_sample == (uint8_t) this_speaker->bits_per_sample_) {
+        // Write the audio data to a single DMA buffer at a time to reduce latency for the audio duration played
-          i2s_write(this_speaker->parent_->get_port(), this_speaker->data_buffer_, bytes_read, &bytes_written,
+        // callback.
-                    portMAX_DELAY);
+        const uint32_t batches = (bytes_read + single_dma_buffer_input_size - 1) / single_dma_buffer_input_size;
-        } else if (audio_stream_info.bits_per_sample < (uint8_t) this_speaker->bits_per_sample_) {
+
-          i2s_write_expand(this_speaker->parent_->get_port(), this_speaker->data_buffer_, bytes_read,
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < batches; ++i) {
-                           audio_stream_info.bits_per_sample, this_speaker->bits_per_sample_, &bytes_written,
+          size_t bytes_written = 0;
-                           portMAX_DELAY);
+          size_t bytes_to_write = std::min(single_dma_buffer_input_size, bytes_read);
+
+          if (audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample() == (uint8_t) this_speaker->bits_per_sample_) {
+            i2s_write(this_speaker->parent_->get_port(), this_speaker->data_buffer_ + i * single_dma_buffer_input_size,
+                      bytes_to_write, &bytes_written, pdMS_TO_TICKS(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS * 5));
+          } else if (audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample() < (uint8_t) this_speaker->bits_per_sample_) {
+            i2s_write_expand(this_speaker->parent_->get_port(),
+                             this_speaker->data_buffer_ + i * single_dma_buffer_input_size, bytes_to_write,
+                             audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample(), this_speaker->bits_per_sample_, &bytes_written,
+                             pdMS_TO_TICKS(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS * 5));
           }
 
-        if (bytes_written != bytes_read) {
+          uint32_t write_timestamp = micros();
+
+          if (bytes_written != bytes_to_write) {
             xEventGroupSetBits(this_speaker->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_ESP_INVALID_SIZE);
           }
+
+          bytes_read -= bytes_written;
+
+          this_speaker->accumulated_frames_written_ += audio_stream_info.bytes_to_frames(bytes_written);
+          const uint32_t new_playback_ms =
+              audio_stream_info.frames_to_milliseconds_with_remainder(&this_speaker->accumulated_frames_written_);
+          const uint32_t remainder_us =
+              audio_stream_info.frames_to_microseconds(this_speaker->accumulated_frames_written_);
+
+          uint32_t pending_frames =
+              audio_stream_info.bytes_to_frames(bytes_read + this_speaker->audio_ring_buffer_->available());
+          const uint32_t pending_ms = audio_stream_info.frames_to_milliseconds_with_remainder(&pending_frames);
+
+          this_speaker->audio_output_callback_(new_playback_ms, remainder_us, pending_ms, write_timestamp);
+
           tx_dma_underflow = false;
           last_data_received_time = millis();
+        }
       } else {
         // No data received
         if (stop_gracefully && tx_dma_underflow) {
@@ -328,7 +375,7 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task(void *params) {
     this_speaker->parent_->unlock();
   }
 
-  this_speaker->delete_task_(dma_buffers_size);
+  this_speaker->delete_task_(data_buffer_size);
 }
 
 void I2SAudioSpeaker::start() {
@@ -337,18 +384,17 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::start() {
   if ((this->state_ == speaker::STATE_STARTING) || (this->state_ == speaker::STATE_RUNNING))
     return;
 
-  if (this->speaker_task_handle_ == nullptr) {
+  if (!this->task_created_ && (this->speaker_task_handle_ == nullptr)) {
     xTaskCreate(I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task, "speaker_task", TASK_STACK_SIZE, (void *) this, TASK_PRIORITY,
                 &this->speaker_task_handle_);
-  }
 
     if (this->speaker_task_handle_ != nullptr) {
       xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::COMMAND_START);
-    this->task_created_ = true;
     } else {
       xEventGroupSetBits(this->event_group_, SpeakerEventGroupBits::ERR_TASK_FAILED_TO_START);
     }
   }
+}
 
 void I2SAudioSpeaker::stop() { this->stop_(false); }
 
@@ -416,12 +462,12 @@ esp_err_t I2SAudioSpeaker::allocate_buffers_(size_t data_buffer_size, size_t rin
 }
 
 esp_err_t I2SAudioSpeaker::start_i2s_driver_(audio::AudioStreamInfo &audio_stream_info) {
-  if ((this->i2s_mode_ & I2S_MODE_SLAVE) && (this->sample_rate_ != audio_stream_info.sample_rate)) {  // NOLINT
+  if ((this->i2s_mode_ & I2S_MODE_SLAVE) && (this->sample_rate_ != audio_stream_info.get_sample_rate())) {  // NOLINT
     // Can't reconfigure I2S bus, so the sample rate must match the configured value
     return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
   }
 
-  if ((i2s_bits_per_sample_t) audio_stream_info.bits_per_sample > this->bits_per_sample_) {
+  if ((i2s_bits_per_sample_t) audio_stream_info.get_bits_per_sample() > this->bits_per_sample_) {
     // Currently can't handle the case when the incoming audio has more bits per sample than the configured value
     return ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
   }
@@ -432,21 +478,21 @@ esp_err_t I2SAudioSpeaker::start_i2s_driver_(audio::AudioStreamInfo &audio_strea
 
   i2s_channel_fmt_t channel = this->channel_;
 
-  if (audio_stream_info.channels == 1) {
+  if (audio_stream_info.get_channels() == 1) {
     if (this->channel_ == I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT) {
       channel = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT;
     } else {
       channel = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_RIGHT;
     }
-  } else if (audio_stream_info.channels == 2) {
+  } else if (audio_stream_info.get_channels() == 2) {
     channel = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_RIGHT_LEFT;
   }
 
-  int dma_buffer_length = DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS * this->sample_rate_ / 1000;
+  int dma_buffer_length = audio_stream_info.ms_to_frames(DMA_BUFFER_DURATION_MS);
 
   i2s_driver_config_t config = {
     .mode = (i2s_mode_t) (this->i2s_mode_ | I2S_MODE_TX),
-    .sample_rate = audio_stream_info.sample_rate,
+    .sample_rate = audio_stream_info.get_sample_rate(),
     .bits_per_sample = this->bits_per_sample_,
     .channel_format = channel,
     .communication_format = this->i2s_comm_fmt_,
@@ -504,7 +550,7 @@ esp_err_t I2SAudioSpeaker::start_i2s_driver_(audio::AudioStreamInfo &audio_strea
 }
 
 void I2SAudioSpeaker::delete_task_(size_t buffer_size) {
-  this->audio_ring_buffer_.reset();  // Releases onwership of the shared_ptr
+  this->audio_ring_buffer_.reset();  // Releases ownership of the shared_ptr
 
   if (this->data_buffer_ != nullptr) {
     ExternalRAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator(ExternalRAMAllocator<uint8_t>::ALLOW_FAILURE);

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.h

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ class I2SAudioSpeaker : public I2SAudioOut, public speaker::Speaker, public Comp
   void stop() override;
   void finish() override;
 
+  void set_pause_state(bool pause_state) override { this->pause_state_ = pause_state; }
+  bool get_pause_state() const override { return this->pause_state_; }
+
   /// @brief Plays the provided audio data.
   /// Starts the speaker task, if necessary. Writes the audio data to the ring buffer.
   /// @param data Audio data in the format set by the parent speaker classes ``set_audio_stream_info`` method.
@@ -121,13 +124,18 @@ class I2SAudioSpeaker : public I2SAudioOut, public speaker::Speaker, public Comp
   uint8_t dout_pin_;
 
   bool task_created_{false};
+  bool pause_state_{false};
 
   int16_t q15_volume_factor_{INT16_MAX};
 
+  size_t bytes_written_{0};
+
 #if SOC_I2S_SUPPORTS_DAC
   i2s_dac_mode_t internal_dac_mode_{I2S_DAC_CHANNEL_DISABLE};
 #endif
   i2s_comm_format_t i2s_comm_fmt_;
+
+  uint32_t accumulated_frames_written_{0};
 };
 
 }  // namespace i2s_audio

esphome/components/image/__init__.py

@@ -273,11 +273,9 @@ IMAGE_TYPE = {
     "GRAYSCALE": ImageGrayscale,
     "RGB565": ImageRGB565,
     "RGB": ImageRGB,
-    "TRANSPARENT_BINARY": ReplaceWith(
+    "TRANSPARENT_BINARY": ReplaceWith("'type: BINARY' and 'transparency: chroma_key'"),
-        "'type: BINARY' and 'use_transparency: chroma_key'"
-    ),
     "RGB24": ReplaceWith("'type: RGB'"),
-    "RGBA": ReplaceWith("'type: RGB' and 'use_transparency: alpha_channel'"),
+    "RGBA": ReplaceWith("'type: RGB' and 'transparency: alpha_channel'"),
 }
 
 TransparencyType = image_ns.enum("TransparencyType")

esphome/components/ld2450/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.components import uart
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_THROTTLE,
+)
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
+CODEOWNERS = ["@hareeshmu"]
+MULTI_CONF = True
+
+ld2450_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ld2450")
+LD2450Component = ld2450_ns.class_("LD2450Component", cg.Component, uart.UARTDevice)
+
+CONF_LD2450_ID = "ld2450_id"
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(LD2450Component),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_THROTTLE, default="1000ms"): cv.All(
+                cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+                cv.Range(min=cv.TimePeriod(milliseconds=1)),
+            ),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(uart.UART_DEVICE_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
+
+LD2450BaseSchema = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
+    },
+)
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = uart.final_validate_device_schema(
+    "ld2450",
+    require_tx=True,
+    require_rx=True,
+    parity="NONE",
+    stop_bits=1,
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await uart.register_uart_device(var, config)
+    cg.add(var.set_throttle(config[CONF_THROTTLE]))

esphome/components/ld2450/binary_sensor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_HAS_MOVING_TARGET,
+    CONF_HAS_STILL_TARGET,
+    CONF_HAS_TARGET,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
+)
+
+from . import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["ld2450"]
+
+ICON_MEDITATION = "mdi:meditation"
+ICON_SHIELD_ACCOUNT = "mdi:shield-account"
+ICON_TARGET_ACCOUNT = "mdi:target-account"
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_HAS_TARGET): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
+        icon=ICON_SHIELD_ACCOUNT,
+    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_HAS_MOVING_TARGET): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
+        icon=ICON_TARGET_ACCOUNT,
+    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_HAS_STILL_TARGET): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
+        icon=ICON_MEDITATION,
+    ),
+}
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
+    if has_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_TARGET):
+        sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(has_target_config)
+        cg.add(ld2450_component.set_target_binary_sensor(sens))
+    if has_moving_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_MOVING_TARGET):
+        sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(has_moving_target_config)
+        cg.add(ld2450_component.set_moving_target_binary_sensor(sens))
+    if has_still_target_config := config.get(CONF_HAS_STILL_TARGET):
+        sens = await binary_sensor.new_binary_sensor(has_still_target_config)
+        cg.add(ld2450_component.set_still_target_binary_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/ld2450/button/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import button
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_FACTORY_RESET,
+    CONF_RESTART,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_RESTART,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+    ICON_RESTART,
+    ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
+)
+
+from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
+
+ResetButton = ld2450_ns.class_("ResetButton", button.Button)
+RestartButton = ld2450_ns.class_("RestartButton", button.Button)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_FACTORY_RESET): button.button_schema(
+        ResetButton,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_RESTART,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        icon=ICON_RESTART_ALERT,
+    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RESTART): button.button_schema(
+        RestartButton,
+        device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_RESTART,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
+        icon=ICON_RESTART,
+    ),
+}
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
+    if factory_reset_config := config.get(CONF_FACTORY_RESET):
+        b = await button.new_button(factory_reset_config)
+        await cg.register_parented(b, config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
+        cg.add(ld2450_component.set_reset_button(b))
+    if restart_config := config.get(CONF_RESTART):
+        b = await button.new_button(restart_config)
+        await cg.register_parented(b, config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
+        cg.add(ld2450_component.set_restart_button(b))

esphome/components/ld2450/button/reset_button.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include "reset_button.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2450 {
+
+void ResetButton::press_action() { this->parent_->factory_reset(); }
+
+}  // namespace ld2450
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2450/button/reset_button.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
+#include "../ld2450.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2450 {
+
+class ResetButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2450Component> {
+ public:
+  ResetButton() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ld2450
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2450/button/restart_button.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include "restart_button.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2450 {
+
+void RestartButton::press_action() { this->parent_->restart_and_read_all_info(); }
+
+}  // namespace ld2450
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2450/button/restart_button.h

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
+#include "../ld2450.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2450 {
+
+class RestartButton : public button::Button, public Parented<LD2450Component> {
+ public:
+  RestartButton() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace ld2450
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,867 @@
+#include "ld2450.h"
+#include <utility>
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#endif
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+
+#define highbyte(val) (uint8_t)((val) >> 8)
+#define lowbyte(val) (uint8_t)((val) &0xff)
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2450 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ld2450";
+static const char *const UNKNOWN_MAC("unknown");
+
+// LD2450 UART Serial Commands
+static const uint8_t CMD_ENABLE_CONF = 0x00FF;
+static const uint8_t CMD_DISABLE_CONF = 0x00FE;
+static const uint8_t CMD_VERSION = 0x00A0;
+static const uint8_t CMD_MAC = 0x00A5;
+static const uint8_t CMD_RESET = 0x00A2;
+static const uint8_t CMD_RESTART = 0x00A3;
+static const uint8_t CMD_BLUETOOTH = 0x00A4;
+static const uint8_t CMD_SINGLE_TARGET_MODE = 0x0080;
+static const uint8_t CMD_MULTI_TARGET_MODE = 0x0090;
+static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY_TARGET_MODE = 0x0091;
+static const uint8_t CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE = 0x00A1;
+static const uint8_t CMD_QUERY_ZONE = 0x00C1;
+static const uint8_t CMD_SET_ZONE = 0x00C2;
+
+static inline uint16_t convert_seconds_to_ms(uint16_t value) { return value * 1000; };
+
+static inline std::string convert_signed_int_to_hex(int value) {
+  auto value_as_str = str_snprintf("%04x", 4, value & 0xFFFF);
+  return value_as_str;
+}
+
+static inline void convert_int_values_to_hex(const int *values, uint8_t *bytes) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    std::string temp_hex = convert_signed_int_to_hex(values[i]);
+    bytes[i * 2] = std::stoi(temp_hex.substr(2, 2), nullptr, 16);      // Store high byte
+    bytes[i * 2 + 1] = std::stoi(temp_hex.substr(0, 2), nullptr, 16);  // Store low byte
+  }
+}
+
+static inline int16_t decode_coordinate(uint8_t low_byte, uint8_t high_byte) {
+  int16_t coordinate = (high_byte & 0x7F) << 8 | low_byte;
+  if ((high_byte & 0x80) == 0) {
+    coordinate = -coordinate;
+  }
+  return coordinate;  // mm
+}
+
+static inline int16_t decode_speed(uint8_t low_byte, uint8_t high_byte) {
+  int16_t speed = (high_byte & 0x7F) << 8 | low_byte;
+  if ((high_byte & 0x80) == 0) {
+    speed = -speed;
+  }
+  return speed * 10;  // mm/s
+}
+
+static inline int16_t hex_to_signed_int(const uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t offset) {
+  uint16_t hex_val = (buffer[offset + 1] << 8) | buffer[offset];
+  int16_t dec_val = static_cast<int16_t>(hex_val);
+  if (dec_val & 0x8000) {
+    dec_val -= 65536;
+  }
+  return dec_val;
+}
+
+static inline float calculate_angle(float base, float hypotenuse) {
+  if (base < 0.0 || hypotenuse <= 0.0) {
+    return 0.0;
+  }
+  float angle_radians = std::acos(base / hypotenuse);
+  float angle_degrees = angle_radians * (180.0 / M_PI);
+  return angle_degrees;
+}
+
+static inline std::string get_direction(int16_t speed) {
+  static const char *const APPROACHING = "Approaching";
+  static const char *const MOVING_AWAY = "Moving away";
+  static const char *const STATIONARY = "Stationary";
+
+  if (speed > 0) {
+    return MOVING_AWAY;
+  }
+  if (speed < 0) {
+    return APPROACHING;
+  }
+  return STATIONARY;
+}
+
+static inline std::string format_mac(uint8_t *buffer) {
+  return str_snprintf("%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", 17, buffer[10], buffer[11], buffer[12], buffer[13], buffer[14],
+                      buffer[15]);
+}
+
+static inline std::string format_version(uint8_t *buffer) {
+  return str_sprintf("%u.%02X.%02X%02X%02X%02X", buffer[13], buffer[12], buffer[17], buffer[16], buffer[15],
+                     buffer[14]);
+}
+
+LD2450Component::LD2450Component() {}
+
+void LD2450Component::setup() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up HLK-LD2450...");
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->presence_timeout_number_->get_object_id_hash());
+  this->set_presence_timeout();
+#endif
+  this->read_all_info();
+}
+
+void LD2450Component::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "HLK-LD2450 Human motion tracking radar module:");
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "TargetBinarySensor", this->target_binary_sensor_);
+  LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "MovingTargetBinarySensor", this->moving_target_binary_sensor_);
+  LOG_BINARY_SENSOR("  ", "StillTargetBinarySensor", this->still_target_binary_sensor_);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  LOG_SWITCH("  ", "BluetoothSwitch", this->bluetooth_switch_);
+  LOG_SWITCH("  ", "MultiTargetSwitch", this->multi_target_switch_);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+  LOG_BUTTON("  ", "ResetButton", this->reset_button_);
+  LOG_BUTTON("  ", "RestartButton", this->restart_button_);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "TargetCountSensor", this->target_count_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "StillTargetCountSensor", this->still_target_count_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "MovingTargetCountSensor", this->moving_target_count_sensor_);
+  for (sensor::Sensor *s : this->move_x_sensors_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "NthTargetXSensor", s);
+  }
+  for (sensor::Sensor *s : this->move_y_sensors_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "NthTargetYSensor", s);
+  }
+  for (sensor::Sensor *s : this->move_speed_sensors_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "NthTargetSpeedSensor", s);
+  }
+  for (sensor::Sensor *s : this->move_angle_sensors_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "NthTargetAngleSensor", s);
+  }
+  for (sensor::Sensor *s : this->move_distance_sensors_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "NthTargetDistanceSensor", s);
+  }
+  for (sensor::Sensor *s : this->move_resolution_sensors_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "NthTargetResolutionSensor", s);
+  }
+  for (sensor::Sensor *s : this->zone_target_count_sensors_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "NthZoneTargetCountSensor", s);
+  }
+  for (sensor::Sensor *s : this->zone_still_target_count_sensors_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "NthZoneStillTargetCountSensor", s);
+  }
+  for (sensor::Sensor *s : this->zone_moving_target_count_sensors_) {
+    LOG_SENSOR("  ", "NthZoneMovingTargetCountSensor", s);
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("  ", "VersionTextSensor", this->version_text_sensor_);
+  LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("  ", "MacTextSensor", this->mac_text_sensor_);
+  for (text_sensor::TextSensor *s : this->direction_text_sensors_) {
+    LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("  ", "NthDirectionTextSensor", s);
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  for (number::Number *n : this->zone_x1_numbers_) {
+    LOG_NUMBER("  ", "ZoneX1Number", n);
+  }
+  for (number::Number *n : this->zone_y1_numbers_) {
+    LOG_NUMBER("  ", "ZoneY1Number", n);
+  }
+  for (number::Number *n : this->zone_x2_numbers_) {
+    LOG_NUMBER("  ", "ZoneX2Number", n);
+  }
+  for (number::Number *n : this->zone_y2_numbers_) {
+    LOG_NUMBER("  ", "ZoneY2Number", n);
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "BaudRateSelect", this->baud_rate_select_);
+  LOG_SELECT("  ", "ZoneTypeSelect", this->zone_type_select_);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  LOG_NUMBER("  ", "PresenceTimeoutNumber", this->presence_timeout_number_);
+#endif
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Throttle : %ums", this->throttle_);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  MAC Address : %s", const_cast<char *>(this->mac_.c_str()));
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Firmware version : %s", const_cast<char *>(this->version_.c_str()));
+}
+
+void LD2450Component::loop() {
+  while (this->available()) {
+    this->readline_(read(), this->buffer_data_, MAX_LINE_LENGTH);
+  }
+}
+
+// Count targets in zone
+uint8_t LD2450Component::count_targets_in_zone_(const Zone &zone, bool is_moving) {
+  uint8_t count = 0;
+  for (auto &index : this->target_info_) {
+    if (index.x > zone.x1 && index.x < zone.x2 && index.y > zone.y1 && index.y < zone.y2 &&
+        index.is_moving == is_moving) {
+      count++;
+    }
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+// Service reset_radar_zone
+void LD2450Component::reset_radar_zone() {
+  this->zone_type_ = 0;
+  for (auto &i : this->zone_config_) {
+    i.x1 = 0;
+    i.y1 = 0;
+    i.x2 = 0;
+    i.y2 = 0;
+  }
+  this->send_set_zone_command_();
+}
+
+void LD2450Component::set_radar_zone(int32_t zone_type, int32_t zone1_x1, int32_t zone1_y1, int32_t zone1_x2,
+                                     int32_t zone1_y2, int32_t zone2_x1, int32_t zone2_y1, int32_t zone2_x2,
+                                     int32_t zone2_y2, int32_t zone3_x1, int32_t zone3_y1, int32_t zone3_x2,
+                                     int32_t zone3_y2) {
+  this->zone_type_ = zone_type;
+  int zone_parameters[12] = {zone1_x1, zone1_y1, zone1_x2, zone1_y2, zone2_x1, zone2_y1,
+                             zone2_x2, zone2_y2, zone3_x1, zone3_y1, zone3_x2, zone3_y2};
+  for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ZONES; i++) {
+    this->zone_config_[i].x1 = zone_parameters[i * 4];
+    this->zone_config_[i].y1 = zone_parameters[i * 4 + 1];
+    this->zone_config_[i].x2 = zone_parameters[i * 4 + 2];
+    this->zone_config_[i].y2 = zone_parameters[i * 4 + 3];
+  }
+  this->send_set_zone_command_();
+}
+
+// Set Zone on LD2450 Sensor
+void LD2450Component::send_set_zone_command_() {
+  uint8_t cmd_value[26] = {};
+  uint8_t zone_type_bytes[2] = {static_cast<uint8_t>(this->zone_type_), 0x00};
+  uint8_t area_config[24] = {};
+  for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ZONES; i++) {
+    int values[4] = {this->zone_config_[i].x1, this->zone_config_[i].y1, this->zone_config_[i].x2,
+                     this->zone_config_[i].y2};
+    ld2450::convert_int_values_to_hex(values, area_config + (i * 8));
+  }
+  std::memcpy(cmd_value, zone_type_bytes, 2);
+  std::memcpy(cmd_value + 2, area_config, 24);
+  this->set_config_mode_(true);
+  this->send_command_(CMD_SET_ZONE, cmd_value, 26);
+  this->set_config_mode_(false);
+}
+
+// Check presense timeout to reset presence status
+bool LD2450Component::get_timeout_status_(uint32_t check_millis) {
+  if (check_millis == 0) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (this->timeout_ == 0) {
+    this->timeout_ = ld2450::convert_seconds_to_ms(DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT);
+  }
+  auto current_millis = millis();
+  return current_millis - check_millis >= this->timeout_;
+}
+
+// Extract, store and publish zone details LD2450 buffer
+void LD2450Component::process_zone_(uint8_t *buffer) {
+  uint8_t index, start;
+  for (index = 0; index < MAX_ZONES; index++) {
+    start = 12 + index * 8;
+    this->zone_config_[index].x1 = ld2450::hex_to_signed_int(buffer, start);
+    this->zone_config_[index].y1 = ld2450::hex_to_signed_int(buffer, start + 2);
+    this->zone_config_[index].x2 = ld2450::hex_to_signed_int(buffer, start + 4);
+    this->zone_config_[index].y2 = ld2450::hex_to_signed_int(buffer, start + 6);
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+    this->zone_x1_numbers_[index]->publish_state(this->zone_config_[index].x1);
+    this->zone_y1_numbers_[index]->publish_state(this->zone_config_[index].y1);
+    this->zone_x2_numbers_[index]->publish_state(this->zone_config_[index].x2);
+    this->zone_y2_numbers_[index]->publish_state(this->zone_config_[index].y2);
+#endif
+  }
+}
+
+// Read all info from LD2450 buffer
+void LD2450Component::read_all_info() {
+  this->set_config_mode_(true);
+  this->get_version_();
+  this->get_mac_();
+  this->query_target_tracking_mode_();
+  this->query_zone_();
+  this->set_config_mode_(false);
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  const auto baud_rate = std::to_string(this->parent_->get_baud_rate());
+  if (this->baud_rate_select_ != nullptr && this->baud_rate_select_->state != baud_rate) {
+    this->baud_rate_select_->publish_state(baud_rate);
+  }
+  this->publish_zone_type();
+#endif
+}
+
+// Read zone info from LD2450 buffer
+void LD2450Component::query_zone_info() {
+  this->set_config_mode_(true);
+  this->query_zone_();
+  this->set_config_mode_(false);
+}
+
+// Restart LD2450 and read all info from buffer
+void LD2450Component::restart_and_read_all_info() {
+  this->set_config_mode_(true);
+  this->restart_();
+  this->set_timeout(1000, [this]() { this->read_all_info(); });
+}
+
+// Send command with values to LD2450
+void LD2450Component::send_command_(uint8_t command, const uint8_t *command_value, uint8_t command_value_len) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sending command %02X", command);
+  // frame header
+  this->write_array(CMD_FRAME_HEADER, 4);
+  // length bytes
+  int len = 2;
+  if (command_value != nullptr) {
+    len += command_value_len;
+  }
+  this->write_byte(lowbyte(len));
+  this->write_byte(highbyte(len));
+  // command
+  this->write_byte(lowbyte(command));
+  this->write_byte(highbyte(command));
+  // command value bytes
+  if (command_value != nullptr) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < command_value_len; i++) {
+      this->write_byte(command_value[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  // footer
+  this->write_array(CMD_FRAME_END, 4);
+  // FIXME to remove
+  delay(50);  // NOLINT
+}
+
+// LD2450 Radar data message:
+//  [AA FF 03 00] [0E 03 B1 86 10 00 40 01] [00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00] [00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00] [55 CC]
+//   Header       Target 1                  Target 2                  Target 3                  End
+void LD2450Component::handle_periodic_data_(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len) {
+  if (len < 29) {  // header (4 bytes) + 8 x 3 target data + footer (2 bytes)
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Periodic data: invalid message length");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (buffer[0] != 0xAA || buffer[1] != 0xFF || buffer[2] != 0x03 || buffer[3] != 0x00) {  // header
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Periodic data: invalid message header");
+    return;
+  }
+  if (buffer[len - 2] != 0x55 || buffer[len - 1] != 0xCC) {  // footer
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Periodic data: invalid message footer");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto current_millis = millis();
+  if (current_millis - this->last_periodic_millis_ < this->throttle_) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Throttling: %d", this->throttle_);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  this->last_periodic_millis_ = current_millis;
+
+  int16_t target_count = 0;
+  int16_t still_target_count = 0;
+  int16_t moving_target_count = 0;
+  int16_t start = 0;
+  int16_t val = 0;
+  uint8_t index = 0;
+  int16_t tx = 0;
+  int16_t ty = 0;
+  int16_t td = 0;
+  int16_t ts = 0;
+  int16_t angle = 0;
+  std::string direction{};
+  bool is_moving = false;
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  // Loop thru targets
+  // X
+  for (index = 0; index < MAX_TARGETS; index++) {
+    start = TARGET_X + index * 8;
+    is_moving = false;
+    sensor::Sensor *sx = this->move_x_sensors_[index];
+    if (sx != nullptr) {
+      val = ld2450::decode_coordinate(buffer[start], buffer[start + 1]);
+      tx = val;
+      sx->publish_state(val);
+    }
+    // Y
+    start = TARGET_Y + index * 8;
+    sensor::Sensor *sy = this->move_y_sensors_[index];
+    if (sy != nullptr) {
+      val = ld2450::decode_coordinate(buffer[start], buffer[start + 1]);
+      ty = val;
+      sy->publish_state(val);
+    }
+    // SPEED
+    start = TARGET_SPEED + index * 8;
+    sensor::Sensor *ss = this->move_speed_sensors_[index];
+    if (ss != nullptr) {
+      val = ld2450::decode_speed(buffer[start], buffer[start + 1]);
+      ts = val;
+      if (val) {
+        is_moving = true;
+        moving_target_count++;
+      }
+      ss->publish_state(val);
+    }
+    // RESOLUTION
+    start = TARGET_RESOLUTION + index * 8;
+    sensor::Sensor *sr = this->move_resolution_sensors_[index];
+    if (sr != nullptr) {
+      val = (buffer[start + 1] << 8) | buffer[start];
+      sr->publish_state(val);
+    }
+    // DISTANCE
+    sensor::Sensor *sd = this->move_distance_sensors_[index];
+    if (sd != nullptr) {
+      val = (uint16_t) sqrt(
+          pow(ld2450::decode_coordinate(buffer[TARGET_X + index * 8], buffer[(TARGET_X + index * 8) + 1]), 2) +
+          pow(ld2450::decode_coordinate(buffer[TARGET_Y + index * 8], buffer[(TARGET_Y + index * 8) + 1]), 2));
+      td = val;
+      if (val > 0) {
+        target_count++;
+      }
+
+      sd->publish_state(val);
+    }
+    // ANGLE
+    angle = calculate_angle(static_cast<float>(ty), static_cast<float>(td));
+    if (tx > 0) {
+      angle = angle * -1;
+    }
+    sensor::Sensor *sa = this->move_angle_sensors_[index];
+    if (sa != nullptr) {
+      sa->publish_state(angle);
+    }
+#endif
+    // DIRECTION
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+    direction = get_direction(ts);
+    if (td == 0) {
+      direction = "NA";
+    }
+    text_sensor::TextSensor *tsd = this->direction_text_sensors_[index];
+    if (tsd != nullptr) {
+      tsd->publish_state(direction);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Store target info for zone target count
+    this->target_info_[index].x = tx;
+    this->target_info_[index].y = ty;
+    this->target_info_[index].is_moving = is_moving;
+
+  }  // End loop thru targets
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  // Loop thru zones
+  uint8_t zone_still_targets = 0;
+  uint8_t zone_moving_targets = 0;
+  uint8_t zone_all_targets = 0;
+  for (index = 0; index < MAX_ZONES; index++) {
+    // Publish Still Target Count in Zones
+    sensor::Sensor *szstc = this->zone_still_target_count_sensors_[index];
+    if (szstc != nullptr) {
+      zone_still_targets = this->count_targets_in_zone_(this->zone_config_[index], false);
+      szstc->publish_state(zone_still_targets);
+    }
+    // Publish Moving Target Count in Zones
+    sensor::Sensor *szmtc = this->zone_moving_target_count_sensors_[index];
+    if (szmtc != nullptr) {
+      zone_moving_targets = this->count_targets_in_zone_(this->zone_config_[index], true);
+      szmtc->publish_state(zone_moving_targets);
+    }
+
+    zone_all_targets = zone_still_targets + zone_moving_targets;
+
+    // Publish All Target Count in Zones
+    sensor::Sensor *sztc = this->zone_target_count_sensors_[index];
+    if (sztc != nullptr) {
+      sztc->publish_state(zone_all_targets);
+    }
+
+  }  // End loop thru zones
+
+  still_target_count = target_count - moving_target_count;
+  // Target Count
+  if (this->target_count_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->target_count_sensor_->publish_state(target_count);
+  }
+  // Still Target Count
+  if (this->still_target_count_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->still_target_count_sensor_->publish_state(still_target_count);
+  }
+  // Moving Target Count
+  if (this->moving_target_count_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->moving_target_count_sensor_->publish_state(moving_target_count);
+  }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  // Target Presence
+  if (this->target_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (target_count > 0) {
+      this->target_binary_sensor_->publish_state(true);
+    } else {
+      if (this->get_timeout_status_(this->presence_millis_)) {
+        this->target_binary_sensor_->publish_state(false);
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Clear presence waiting timeout: %d", this->timeout_);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Moving Target Presence
+  if (this->moving_target_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (moving_target_count > 0) {
+      this->moving_target_binary_sensor_->publish_state(true);
+    } else {
+      if (this->get_timeout_status_(this->moving_presence_millis_)) {
+        this->moving_target_binary_sensor_->publish_state(false);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Still Target Presence
+  if (this->still_target_binary_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (still_target_count > 0) {
+      this->still_target_binary_sensor_->publish_state(true);
+    } else {
+      if (this->get_timeout_status_(this->still_presence_millis_)) {
+        this->still_target_binary_sensor_->publish_state(false);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  // For presence timeout check
+  if (target_count > 0) {
+    this->presence_millis_ = millis();
+  }
+  if (moving_target_count > 0) {
+    this->moving_presence_millis_ = millis();
+  }
+  if (still_target_count > 0) {
+    this->still_presence_millis_ = millis();
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling ack data for command %02X", buffer[COMMAND]);
+  if (len < 10) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Ack data: invalid length");
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (buffer[0] != 0xFD || buffer[1] != 0xFC || buffer[2] != 0xFB || buffer[3] != 0xFA) {  // frame header
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Ack data: invalid header (command %02X)", buffer[COMMAND]);
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (buffer[COMMAND_STATUS] != 0x01) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Ack data: invalid status");
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (buffer[8] || buffer[9]) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Ack data: last buffer was %u, %u", buffer[8], buffer[9]);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  switch (buffer[COMMAND]) {
+    case lowbyte(CMD_ENABLE_CONF):
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got enable conf command");
+      break;
+    case lowbyte(CMD_DISABLE_CONF):
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got disable conf command");
+      break;
+    case lowbyte(CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE):
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got baud rate change command");
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+      if (this->baud_rate_select_ != nullptr) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Change baud rate to %s", this->baud_rate_select_->state.c_str());
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+    case lowbyte(CMD_VERSION):
+      this->version_ = ld2450::format_version(buffer);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Firmware version: %s", this->version_.c_str());
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+      if (this->version_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+        this->version_text_sensor_->publish_state(this->version_);
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+    case lowbyte(CMD_MAC):
+      if (len < 20) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      this->mac_ = ld2450::format_mac(buffer);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "MAC address: %s", this->mac_.c_str());
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+      if (this->mac_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+        this->mac_text_sensor_->publish_state(this->mac_);
+      }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+      if (this->bluetooth_switch_ != nullptr) {
+        this->bluetooth_switch_->publish_state(this->mac_ != UNKNOWN_MAC);
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+    case lowbyte(CMD_BLUETOOTH):
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got Bluetooth command");
+      break;
+    case lowbyte(CMD_SINGLE_TARGET_MODE):
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got single target conf command");
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+      if (this->multi_target_switch_ != nullptr) {
+        this->multi_target_switch_->publish_state(false);
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+    case lowbyte(CMD_MULTI_TARGET_MODE):
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got multi target conf command");
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+      if (this->multi_target_switch_ != nullptr) {
+        this->multi_target_switch_->publish_state(true);
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+    case lowbyte(CMD_QUERY_TARGET_MODE):
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got query target tracking mode command");
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+      if (this->multi_target_switch_ != nullptr) {
+        this->multi_target_switch_->publish_state(buffer[10] == 0x02);
+      }
+#endif
+      break;
+    case lowbyte(CMD_QUERY_ZONE):
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got query zone conf command");
+      this->zone_type_ = std::stoi(std::to_string(buffer[10]), nullptr, 16);
+      this->publish_zone_type();
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+      if (this->zone_type_select_ != nullptr) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Change zone type to: %s", this->zone_type_select_->state.c_str());
+      }
+#endif
+      if (buffer[10] == 0x00) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Zone: Disabled");
+      }
+      if (buffer[10] == 0x01) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Zone: Area detection");
+      }
+      if (buffer[10] == 0x02) {
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Zone: Area filter");
+      }
+      this->process_zone_(buffer);
+      break;
+    case lowbyte(CMD_SET_ZONE):
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Got set zone conf command");
+      this->query_zone_info();
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Read LD2450 buffer data
+void LD2450Component::readline_(int readch, uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len) {
+  if (readch < 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (this->buffer_pos_ < len - 1) {
+    buffer[this->buffer_pos_++] = readch;
+    buffer[this->buffer_pos_] = 0;
+  } else {
+    this->buffer_pos_ = 0;
+  }
+  if (this->buffer_pos_ < 4) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (buffer[this->buffer_pos_ - 2] == 0x55 && buffer[this->buffer_pos_ - 1] == 0xCC) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handle periodic radar data");
+    this->handle_periodic_data_(buffer, this->buffer_pos_);
+    this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset position index for next frame
+  } else if (buffer[this->buffer_pos_ - 4] == 0x04 && buffer[this->buffer_pos_ - 3] == 0x03 &&
+             buffer[this->buffer_pos_ - 2] == 0x02 && buffer[this->buffer_pos_ - 1] == 0x01) {
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handle command ack data");
+    if (this->handle_ack_data_(buffer, this->buffer_pos_)) {
+      this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset position index for next frame
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command ack data invalid");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Set Config Mode - Pre-requisite sending commands
+void LD2450Component::set_config_mode_(bool enable) {
+  uint8_t cmd = enable ? CMD_ENABLE_CONF : CMD_DISABLE_CONF;
+  uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {0x01, 0x00};
+  this->send_command_(cmd, enable ? cmd_value : nullptr, 2);
+}
+
+// Set Bluetooth Enable/Disable
+void LD2450Component::set_bluetooth(bool enable) {
+  this->set_config_mode_(true);
+  uint8_t enable_cmd_value[2] = {0x01, 0x00};
+  uint8_t disable_cmd_value[2] = {0x00, 0x00};
+  this->send_command_(CMD_BLUETOOTH, enable ? enable_cmd_value : disable_cmd_value, 2);
+  this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_and_read_all_info(); });
+}
+
+// Set Baud rate
+void LD2450Component::set_baud_rate(const std::string &state) {
+  this->set_config_mode_(true);
+  uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {BAUD_RATE_ENUM_TO_INT.at(state), 0x00};
+  this->send_command_(CMD_SET_BAUD_RATE, cmd_value, 2);
+  this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_(); });
+}
+
+// Set Zone Type - one of: Disabled, Detection, Filter
+void LD2450Component::set_zone_type(const std::string &state) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Set zone type: %s", state.c_str());
+  uint8_t zone_type = ZONE_TYPE_ENUM_TO_INT.at(state);
+  this->zone_type_ = zone_type;
+  this->send_set_zone_command_();
+}
+
+// Publish Zone Type to Select component
+void LD2450Component::publish_zone_type() {
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  std::string zone_type = ZONE_TYPE_INT_TO_ENUM.at(static_cast<ZoneTypeStructure>(this->zone_type_));
+  if (this->zone_type_select_ != nullptr) {
+    this->zone_type_select_->publish_state(zone_type);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+// Set Single/Multiplayer target detection
+void LD2450Component::set_multi_target(bool enable) {
+  this->set_config_mode_(true);
+  uint8_t cmd = enable ? CMD_MULTI_TARGET_MODE : CMD_SINGLE_TARGET_MODE;
+  this->send_command_(cmd, nullptr, 0);
+  this->set_config_mode_(false);
+}
+
+// LD2450 factory reset
+void LD2450Component::factory_reset() {
+  this->set_config_mode_(true);
+  this->send_command_(CMD_RESET, nullptr, 0);
+  this->set_timeout(200, [this]() { this->restart_and_read_all_info(); });
+}
+
+// Restart LD2450 module
+void LD2450Component::restart_() { this->send_command_(CMD_RESTART, nullptr, 0); }
+
+// Get LD2450 firmware version
+void LD2450Component::get_version_() { this->send_command_(CMD_VERSION, nullptr, 0); }
+
+// Get LD2450 mac address
+void LD2450Component::get_mac_() {
+  uint8_t cmd_value[2] = {0x01, 0x00};
+  this->send_command_(CMD_MAC, cmd_value, 2);
+}
+
+// Query for target tracking mode
+void LD2450Component::query_target_tracking_mode_() { this->send_command_(CMD_QUERY_TARGET_MODE, nullptr, 0); }
+
+// Query for zone info
+void LD2450Component::query_zone_() { this->send_command_(CMD_QUERY_ZONE, nullptr, 0); }
+
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+void LD2450Component::set_move_x_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s) { this->move_x_sensors_[target] = s; }
+void LD2450Component::set_move_y_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s) { this->move_y_sensors_[target] = s; }
+void LD2450Component::set_move_speed_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s) {
+  this->move_speed_sensors_[target] = s;
+}
+void LD2450Component::set_move_angle_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s) {
+  this->move_angle_sensors_[target] = s;
+}
+void LD2450Component::set_move_distance_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s) {
+  this->move_distance_sensors_[target] = s;
+}
+void LD2450Component::set_move_resolution_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s) {
+  this->move_resolution_sensors_[target] = s;
+}
+void LD2450Component::set_zone_target_count_sensor(uint8_t zone, sensor::Sensor *s) {
+  this->zone_target_count_sensors_[zone] = s;
+}
+void LD2450Component::set_zone_still_target_count_sensor(uint8_t zone, sensor::Sensor *s) {
+  this->zone_still_target_count_sensors_[zone] = s;
+}
+void LD2450Component::set_zone_moving_target_count_sensor(uint8_t zone, sensor::Sensor *s) {
+  this->zone_moving_target_count_sensors_[zone] = s;
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+void LD2450Component::set_direction_text_sensor(uint8_t target, text_sensor::TextSensor *s) {
+  this->direction_text_sensors_[target] = s;
+}
+#endif
+
+// Send Zone coordinates data to LD2450
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+void LD2450Component::set_zone_coordinate(uint8_t zone) {
+  number::Number *x1sens = this->zone_x1_numbers_[zone];
+  number::Number *y1sens = this->zone_y1_numbers_[zone];
+  number::Number *x2sens = this->zone_x2_numbers_[zone];
+  number::Number *y2sens = this->zone_y2_numbers_[zone];
+  if (!x1sens->has_state() || !y1sens->has_state() || !x2sens->has_state() || !y2sens->has_state()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  this->zone_config_[zone].x1 = static_cast<int>(x1sens->state);
+  this->zone_config_[zone].y1 = static_cast<int>(y1sens->state);
+  this->zone_config_[zone].x2 = static_cast<int>(x2sens->state);
+  this->zone_config_[zone].y2 = static_cast<int>(y2sens->state);
+  this->send_set_zone_command_();
+}
+
+void LD2450Component::set_zone_x1_number(uint8_t zone, number::Number *n) { this->zone_x1_numbers_[zone] = n; }
+void LD2450Component::set_zone_y1_number(uint8_t zone, number::Number *n) { this->zone_y1_numbers_[zone] = n; }
+void LD2450Component::set_zone_x2_number(uint8_t zone, number::Number *n) { this->zone_x2_numbers_[zone] = n; }
+void LD2450Component::set_zone_y2_number(uint8_t zone, number::Number *n) { this->zone_y2_numbers_[zone] = n; }
+#endif
+
+// Set Presence Timeout load and save from flash
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+void LD2450Component::set_presence_timeout() {
+  if (this->presence_timeout_number_ != nullptr) {
+    if (this->presence_timeout_number_->state == 0) {
+      float timeout = this->restore_from_flash_();
+      this->presence_timeout_number_->publish_state(timeout);
+      this->timeout_ = ld2450::convert_seconds_to_ms(timeout);
+    }
+    if (this->presence_timeout_number_->has_state()) {
+      this->save_to_flash_(this->presence_timeout_number_->state);
+      this->timeout_ = ld2450::convert_seconds_to_ms(this->presence_timeout_number_->state);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Save Presence Timeout to flash
+void LD2450Component::save_to_flash_(float value) { this->pref_.save(&value); }
+
+// Load Presence Timeout from flash
+float LD2450Component::restore_from_flash_() {
+  float value;
+  if (!this->pref_.load(&value)) {
+    value = DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT;
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace ld2450
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.h

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <map>
+#include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+#include "esphome/components/switch/switch.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+#include "esphome/components/button/button.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+#include "esphome/components/select/select.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/text_sensor/text_sensor.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+#include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef M_PI
+#define M_PI 3.14
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ld2450 {
+
+// Constants
+static const uint8_t DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT = 5;  // Timeout to reset presense status 5 sec.
+static const uint8_t MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 60;          // Max characters for serial buffer
+static const uint8_t MAX_TARGETS = 3;               // Max 3 Targets in LD2450
+static const uint8_t MAX_ZONES = 3;                 // Max 3 Zones in LD2450
+
+// Target coordinate struct
+struct Target {
+  int16_t x;
+  int16_t y;
+  bool is_moving;
+};
+
+// Zone coordinate struct
+struct Zone {
+  int16_t x1 = 0;
+  int16_t y1 = 0;
+  int16_t x2 = 0;
+  int16_t y2 = 0;
+};
+
+enum BaudRateStructure : uint8_t {
+  BAUD_RATE_9600 = 1,
+  BAUD_RATE_19200 = 2,
+  BAUD_RATE_38400 = 3,
+  BAUD_RATE_57600 = 4,
+  BAUD_RATE_115200 = 5,
+  BAUD_RATE_230400 = 6,
+  BAUD_RATE_256000 = 7,
+  BAUD_RATE_460800 = 8
+};
+
+// Convert baud rate enum to int
+static const std::map<std::string, uint8_t> BAUD_RATE_ENUM_TO_INT{
+    {"9600", BAUD_RATE_9600},     {"19200", BAUD_RATE_19200},   {"38400", BAUD_RATE_38400},
+    {"57600", BAUD_RATE_57600},   {"115200", BAUD_RATE_115200}, {"230400", BAUD_RATE_230400},
+    {"256000", BAUD_RATE_256000}, {"460800", BAUD_RATE_460800}};
+
+// Zone type struct
+enum ZoneTypeStructure : uint8_t { ZONE_DISABLED = 0, ZONE_DETECTION = 1, ZONE_FILTER = 2 };
+
+// Convert zone type int to enum
+static const std::map<ZoneTypeStructure, std::string> ZONE_TYPE_INT_TO_ENUM{
+    {ZONE_DISABLED, "Disabled"}, {ZONE_DETECTION, "Detection"}, {ZONE_FILTER, "Filter"}};
+
+// Convert zone type enum to int
+static const std::map<std::string, uint8_t> ZONE_TYPE_ENUM_TO_INT{
+    {"Disabled", ZONE_DISABLED}, {"Detection", ZONE_DETECTION}, {"Filter", ZONE_FILTER}};
+
+// LD2450 serial command header & footer
+static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_HEADER[4] = {0xFD, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFA};
+static const uint8_t CMD_FRAME_END[4] = {0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01};
+
+enum PeriodicDataStructure : uint8_t {
+  TARGET_X = 4,
+  TARGET_Y = 6,
+  TARGET_SPEED = 8,
+  TARGET_RESOLUTION = 10,
+};
+
+enum PeriodicDataValue : uint8_t { HEAD = 0XAA, END = 0x55, CHECK = 0x00 };
+
+enum AckDataStructure : uint8_t { COMMAND = 6, COMMAND_STATUS = 7 };
+
+class LD2450Component : public Component, public uart::UARTDevice {
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  SUB_SENSOR(target_count)
+  SUB_SENSOR(still_target_count)
+  SUB_SENSOR(moving_target_count)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
+  SUB_BINARY_SENSOR(target)
+  SUB_BINARY_SENSOR(moving_target)
+  SUB_BINARY_SENSOR(still_target)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  SUB_TEXT_SENSOR(version)
+  SUB_TEXT_SENSOR(mac)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  SUB_SELECT(baud_rate)
+  SUB_SELECT(zone_type)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  SUB_SWITCH(bluetooth)
+  SUB_SWITCH(multi_target)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+  SUB_BUTTON(reset)
+  SUB_BUTTON(restart)
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  SUB_NUMBER(presence_timeout)
+#endif
+
+ public:
+  LD2450Component();
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  void loop() override;
+  void set_presence_timeout();
+  void set_throttle(uint16_t value) { this->throttle_ = value; };
+  void read_all_info();
+  void query_zone_info();
+  void restart_and_read_all_info();
+  void set_bluetooth(bool enable);
+  void set_multi_target(bool enable);
+  void set_baud_rate(const std::string &state);
+  void set_zone_type(const std::string &state);
+  void publish_zone_type();
+  void factory_reset();
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  void set_direction_text_sensor(uint8_t target, text_sensor::TextSensor *s);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  void set_zone_coordinate(uint8_t zone);
+  void set_zone_x1_number(uint8_t zone, number::Number *n);
+  void set_zone_y1_number(uint8_t zone, number::Number *n);
+  void set_zone_x2_number(uint8_t zone, number::Number *n);
+  void set_zone_y2_number(uint8_t zone, number::Number *n);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  void set_move_x_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s);
+  void set_move_y_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s);
+  void set_move_speed_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s);
+  void set_move_angle_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s);
+  void set_move_distance_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s);
+  void set_move_resolution_sensor(uint8_t target, sensor::Sensor *s);
+  void set_zone_target_count_sensor(uint8_t zone, sensor::Sensor *s);
+  void set_zone_still_target_count_sensor(uint8_t zone, sensor::Sensor *s);
+  void set_zone_moving_target_count_sensor(uint8_t zone, sensor::Sensor *s);
+#endif
+  void reset_radar_zone();
+  void set_radar_zone(int32_t zone_type, int32_t zone1_x1, int32_t zone1_y1, int32_t zone1_x2, int32_t zone1_y2,
+                      int32_t zone2_x1, int32_t zone2_y1, int32_t zone2_x2, int32_t zone2_y2, int32_t zone3_x1,
+                      int32_t zone3_y1, int32_t zone3_x2, int32_t zone3_y2);
+
+ protected:
+  void send_command_(uint8_t command_str, const uint8_t *command_value, uint8_t command_value_len);
+  void set_config_mode_(bool enable);
+  void handle_periodic_data_(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len);
+  bool handle_ack_data_(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len);
+  void process_zone_(uint8_t *buffer);
+  void readline_(int readch, uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t len);
+  void get_version_();
+  void get_mac_();
+  void query_target_tracking_mode_();
+  void query_zone_();
+  void restart_();
+  void send_set_zone_command_();
+  void save_to_flash_(float value);
+  float restore_from_flash_();
+  bool get_timeout_status_(uint32_t check_millis);
+  uint8_t count_targets_in_zone_(const Zone &zone, bool is_moving);
+
+  Target target_info_[MAX_TARGETS];
+  Zone zone_config_[MAX_ZONES];
+  uint8_t buffer_pos_ = 0;  // where to resume processing/populating buffer
+  uint8_t buffer_data_[MAX_LINE_LENGTH];
+  uint32_t last_periodic_millis_ = 0;
+  uint32_t presence_millis_ = 0;
+  uint32_t still_presence_millis_ = 0;
+  uint32_t moving_presence_millis_ = 0;
+  uint16_t throttle_ = 0;
+  uint16_t timeout_ = 5;
+  uint8_t zone_type_ = 0;
+  std::string version_{};
+  std::string mac_{};
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  ESPPreferenceObject pref_;  // only used when numbers are in use
+  std::vector<number::Number *> zone_x1_numbers_ = std::vector<number::Number *>(MAX_ZONES);
+  std::vector<number::Number *> zone_y1_numbers_ = std::vector<number::Number *>(MAX_ZONES);
+  std::vector<number::Number *> zone_x2_numbers_ = std::vector<number::Number *>(MAX_ZONES);
+  std::vector<number::Number *> zone_y2_numbers_ = std::vector<number::Number *>(MAX_ZONES);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SENSOR
+  std::vector<sensor::Sensor *> move_x_sensors_ = std::vector<sensor::Sensor *>(MAX_TARGETS);
+  std::vector<sensor::Sensor *> move_y_sensors_ = std::vector<sensor::Sensor *>(MAX_TARGETS);
+  std::vector<sensor::Sensor *> move_speed_sensors_ = std::vector<sensor::Sensor *>(MAX_TARGETS);
+  std::vector<sensor::Sensor *> move_angle_sensors_ = std::vector<sensor::Sensor *>(MAX_TARGETS);
+  std::vector<sensor::Sensor *> move_distance_sensors_ = std::vector<sensor::Sensor *>(MAX_TARGETS);
+  std::vector<sensor::Sensor *> move_resolution_sensors_ = std::vector<sensor::Sensor *>(MAX_TARGETS);
+  std::vector<sensor::Sensor *> zone_target_count_sensors_ = std::vector<sensor::Sensor *>(MAX_ZONES);
+  std::vector<sensor::Sensor *> zone_still_target_count_sensors_ = std::vector<sensor::Sensor *>(MAX_ZONES);
+  std::vector<sensor::Sensor *> zone_moving_target_count_sensors_ = std::vector<sensor::Sensor *>(MAX_ZONES);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  std::vector<text_sensor::TextSensor *> direction_text_sensors_ = std::vector<text_sensor::TextSensor *>(3);
+#endif
+};
+
+}  // namespace ld2450
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/ld2450/number/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import number
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
+    DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    ICON_TIMELAPSE,
+    UNIT_MILLIMETER,
+    UNIT_SECOND,
+)
+
+from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
+
+CONF_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT = "presence_timeout"
+CONF_X1 = "x1"
+CONF_X2 = "x2"
+CONF_Y1 = "y1"
+CONF_Y2 = "y2"
+ICON_ARROW_BOTTOM_RIGHT = "mdi:arrow-bottom-right"
+ICON_ARROW_BOTTOM_RIGHT_BOLD_BOX_OUTLINE = "mdi:arrow-bottom-right-bold-box-outline"
+ICON_ARROW_TOP_LEFT = "mdi:arrow-top-left"
+ICON_ARROW_TOP_LEFT_BOLD_BOX_OUTLINE = "mdi:arrow-top-left-bold-box-outline"
+MAX_ZONES = 3
+
+PresenceTimeoutNumber = ld2450_ns.class_("PresenceTimeoutNumber", number.Number)
+ZoneCoordinateNumber = ld2450_ns.class_("ZoneCoordinateNumber", number.Number)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
+        cv.Required(CONF_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT): number.number_schema(
+            PresenceTimeoutNumber,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_SECOND,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+            icon=ICON_TIMELAPSE,
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = CONFIG_SCHEMA.extend(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(f"zone_{n + 1}"): cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_X1): number.number_schema(
+                    ZoneCoordinateNumber,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MILLIMETER,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                    icon=ICON_ARROW_TOP_LEFT_BOLD_BOX_OUTLINE,
+                ),
+                cv.Required(CONF_Y1): number.number_schema(
+                    ZoneCoordinateNumber,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MILLIMETER,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                    icon=ICON_ARROW_TOP_LEFT,
+                ),
+                cv.Required(CONF_X2): number.number_schema(
+                    ZoneCoordinateNumber,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MILLIMETER,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                    icon=ICON_ARROW_BOTTOM_RIGHT_BOLD_BOX_OUTLINE,
+                ),
+                cv.Required(CONF_Y2): number.number_schema(
+                    ZoneCoordinateNumber,
+                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
+                    unit_of_measurement=UNIT_MILLIMETER,
+                    entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+                    icon=ICON_ARROW_BOTTOM_RIGHT,
+                ),
+            }
+        )
+        for n in range(MAX_ZONES)
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    ld2450_component = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
+    if presence_timeout_config := config.get(CONF_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT):
+        n = await number.new_number(
+            presence_timeout_config,
+            min_value=0,
+            max_value=3600,
+            step=1,
+        )
+        await cg.register_parented(n, config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
+        cg.add(ld2450_component.set_presence_timeout_number(n))
+    for x in range(MAX_ZONES):
+        if zone_conf := config.get(f"zone_{x + 1}"):
+            if zone_x1_config := zone_conf.get(CONF_X1):
+                n = cg.new_Pvariable(zone_x1_config[CONF_ID], x)
+                await number.register_number(
+                    n, zone_x1_config, min_value=-4860, max_value=4860, step=1
+                )
+                await cg.register_parented(n, config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
+                cg.add(ld2450_component.set_zone_x1_number(x, n))
+            if zone_y1_config := zone_conf.get(CONF_Y1):
+                n = cg.new_Pvariable(zone_y1_config[CONF_ID], x)
+                await number.register_number(
+                    n, zone_y1_config, min_value=0, max_value=7560, step=1
+                )
+                await cg.register_parented(n, config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
+                cg.add(ld2450_component.set_zone_y1_number(x, n))
+            if zone_x2_config := zone_conf.get(CONF_X2):
+                n = cg.new_Pvariable(zone_x2_config[CONF_ID], x)
+                await number.register_number(
+                    n, zone_x2_config, min_value=-4860, max_value=4860, step=1
+                )
+                await cg.register_parented(n, config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
+                cg.add(ld2450_component.set_zone_x2_number(x, n))
+            if zone_y2_config := zone_conf.get(CONF_Y2):
+                n = cg.new_Pvariable(zone_y2_config[CONF_ID], x)
+                await number.register_number(
+                    n, zone_y2_config, min_value=0, max_value=7560, step=1
+                )
+                await cg.register_parented(n, config[CONF_LD2450_ID])
+                cg.add(ld2450_component.set_zone_y2_number(x, n))