Add googlephotos workload

The googlephotos workload demonstrates the use of the ActionLogger for
measuring performance metrics when used in conjunction with the
appropriate instruments and result processors.

wlauto/workloads/googlephotos/__init__.py

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+#    Copyright 2014-2016 ARM Limited
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+import os
+import wlauto.common.resources
+
+from wlauto import AndroidUiAutoBenchmark, Parameter
+from wlauto.exceptions import ValidationError
+from wlauto.utils.types import list_of_strings
+
+__version__ = '0.1.1'
+
+
+class Googlephotos(AndroidUiAutoBenchmark):
+
+    name = 'googlephotos'
+    package = 'com.google.android.apps.photos'
+    activity = 'com.google.android.apps.photos.home.HomeActivity'
+    view = [package + '/com.google.android.apps.consumerphotoeditor.fragments.ConsumerPhotoEditorActivity',
+            package + '/com.google.android.apps.photos.home.HomeActivity',
+            package + '/com.google.android.apps.photos.localmedia.ui.LocalPhotosActivity',
+            package + '/com.google.android.apps.photos.onboarding.AccountPickerActivity',
+            package + '/com.google.android.apps.photos.onboarding.IntroActivity']
+    description = """
+    A workload to perform standard productivity tasks with Google Photos.  The workload carries out
+    various tasks, such as browsing images, performing zooms, post-processing and saving a selected
+    image to file.
+
+    Test description:
+    1. Four images are copied to the device
+    2. The application is started in offline access mode
+    3. Gestures are performed to swipe between images and pinch zoom in and out of the selected
+       image
+    4. The Colour of a selected image is edited by selecting the colour menu, incrementing the
+       colour, resetting the colour and decrementing the colour using the seek bar.
+    5. A Crop test is performed on a selected image.  UiAutomator does not allow the selection of
+       the crop markers so the image is tilted positively, reset and then negatively to get a
+       similar cropping effect.
+    6. A Rotate test is performed on a selected image, rotating anticlockwise 90 degrees, 180
+       degrees and 270 degrees.
+    """
+
+    default_test_images = [
+        'uxperf_1200x1600.png', 'uxperf_1600x1200.jpg',
+        'uxperf_2448x3264.png', 'uxperf_3264x2448.jpg',
+    ]
+
+    parameters = [
+        Parameter('dumpsys_enabled', kind=bool, default=True,
+                  description="""
+                  If ``True`` turns on the action logger which outputs
+                  timestamps to logcat for actions recorded in the workload.
+                  """),
+        Parameter('test_images', kind=list_of_strings, default=default_test_images,
+                  description="""
+                  A list of four image files to be pushed to the device.
+                  Absolute file paths may be used but tilde expansion is not supported.
+                  """),
+    ]
+
+    def validate(self):
+        super(Googlephotos, self).validate()
+        self.uiauto_params['package'] = self.package
+        self.uiauto_params['output_dir'] = self.device.working_directory
+        self.uiauto_params['dumpsys_enabled'] = self.dumpsys_enabled
+
+        self._check_image_numbers()
+        self._check_image_extensions()
+        self._check_image_duplicates()
+        self._info_image_used()
+
+    def initialize(self, context):
+        super(Googlephotos, self).initialize(context)
+        for image in self.test_images:
+            if os.path.exists(image):
+                image_path = image
+            else:
+                image_path = context.resolver.get(wlauto.common.resources.File(self, image))
+            self.device.push_file(image_path, self.device.working_directory, timeout=300)
+
+        # Force a re-index of the mediaserver cache to pick up new files
+        self.device.execute('am broadcast -a android.intent.action.MEDIA_MOUNTED -d file:///sdcard')
+
+    def teardown(self, context):
+        super(Googlephotos, self).teardown(context)
+        self.device.execute('am broadcast -a android.intent.action.MEDIA_MOUNTED -d file:///sdcard')
+
+    def finalize(self, context):
+        super(Googlephotos, self).finalize(context)
+
+        for entry in self.device.listdir(self.device.working_directory):
+            if entry in self.test_images:
+                self.device.delete_file(self.device.path.join(self.device.working_directory, entry))
+
+        self.device.execute('am broadcast -a android.intent.action.MEDIA_MOUNTED -d file:///sdcard')
+
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Internal methods
+    # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _check_image_extensions(self):
+        for image in self.test_images:
+            if not image.endswith(('jpg', 'jpeg', 'png')):
+                raise ValidationError('{} must be a jpeg or png file'.format(image))
+
+    def _check_image_numbers(self):
+        if len(self.test_images) != 4:
+            message = "This workload requires four test images - only {} specified"
+            raise ValidationError(message.format(len(self.test_images)))
+
+    def _check_image_duplicates(self):
+        if len(self.test_images) != len(set(self.test_images)):
+            raise ValidationError('Duplicate image names not allowed')
+
+    def _info_image_used(self):
+        if set(self.test_images) & set(self.default_test_images):
+            self.logger.info('Using default test images')
+        else:
+            self.logger.warning('Using custom test images')

wlauto/workloads/googlephotos/uiauto/build.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+
+# CD into build dir if possible - allows building from any directory
+script_path='.'
+if `readlink -f $0 &>/dev/null`; then
+    script_path=`readlink -f $0 2>/dev/null`
+fi
+script_dir=`dirname $script_path`
+cd $script_dir
+
+# Ensure build.xml exists before starting
+if [[ ! -f build.xml ]]; then
+    echo 'Ant build.xml file not found! Check that you are in the right directory.'
+    exit 9
+fi
+
+# Copy base classes from wlauto dist
+class_dir=bin/classes/com/arm/wlauto/uiauto
+base_classes=`python -c "import os, wlauto; print os.path.join(os.path.dirname(wlauto.__file__), 'common', 'android', '*.class')"`
+mkdir -p $class_dir
+cp $base_classes $class_dir
+
+# Build and return appropriate exit code if failed
+ant build
+exit_code=$?
+if [[ $exit_code -ne 0 ]]; then
+    echo "ERROR: 'ant build' exited with code $exit_code"
+    exit $exit_code
+fi
+
+# If successful move JAR file to workload folder (overwrite previous)
+package=com.arm.wlauto.uiauto.googlephotos.jar
+rm -f ../$package
+if [[ -f bin/$package ]]; then
+    cp bin/$package ..
+else
+    echo 'ERROR: UiAutomator JAR could not be found!'
+    exit 9
+fi

wlauto/workloads/googlephotos/uiauto/build.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project name="com.arm.wlauto.uiauto.googlephotos" default="help">
+
+    <!-- The local.properties file is created and updated by the 'android' tool.
+         It contains the path to the SDK. It should *NOT* be checked into
+         Version Control Systems. -->
+    <property file="local.properties" />
+
+    <!-- The ant.properties file can be created by you. It is only edited by the
+         'android' tool to add properties to it.
+         This is the place to change some Ant specific build properties.
+         Here are some properties you may want to change/update:
+
+         source.dir
+             The name of the source directory. Default is 'src'.
+         out.dir
+             The name of the output directory. Default is 'bin'.
+
+         For other overridable properties, look at the beginning of the rules
+         files in the SDK, at tools/ant/build.xml
+
+         Properties related to the SDK location or the project target should
+         be updated using the 'android' tool with the 'update' action.
+
+         This file is an integral part of the build system for your
+         application and should be checked into Version Control Systems.
+
+         -->
+    <property file="ant.properties" />
+
+    <!-- if sdk.dir was not set from one of the property file, then
+         get it from the ANDROID_HOME env var.
+         This must be done before we load project.properties since
+         the proguard config can use sdk.dir -->
+    <property environment="env" />
+    <condition property="sdk.dir" value="${env.ANDROID_HOME}">
+        <isset property="env.ANDROID_HOME" />
+    </condition>
+
+    <!-- The project.properties file is created and updated by the 'android'
+         tool, as well as ADT.
+
+         This contains project specific properties such as project target, and library
+         dependencies. Lower level build properties are stored in ant.properties
+         (or in .classpath for Eclipse projects).
+
+         This file is an integral part of the build system for your
+         application and should be checked into Version Control Systems. -->
+    <loadproperties srcFile="project.properties" />
+
+    <!-- quick check on sdk.dir -->
+    <fail
+            message="sdk.dir is missing. Make sure to generate local.properties using 'android update project' or to inject it through the ANDROID_HOME environment variable."
+            unless="sdk.dir"
+    />
+
+    <!--
+        Import per project custom build rules if present at the root of the project.
+        This is the place to put custom intermediary targets such as:
+            -pre-build
+            -pre-compile
+            -post-compile (This is typically used for code obfuscation.
+                           Compiled code location: ${out.classes.absolute.dir}
+                           If this is not done in place, override ${out.dex.input.absolute.dir})
+            -post-package
+            -post-build
+            -pre-clean
+    -->
+    <import file="custom_rules.xml" optional="true" />
+
+    <!-- Import the actual build file.
+
+         To customize existing targets, there are two options:
+         - Customize only one target:
+             - copy/paste the target into this file, *before* the
+               <import> task.
+             - customize it to your needs.
+         - Customize the whole content of build.xml
+             - copy/paste the content of the rules files (minus the top node)
+               into this file, replacing the <import> task.
+             - customize to your needs.
+
+         ***********************
+         ****** IMPORTANT ******
+         ***********************
+         In all cases you must update the value of version-tag below to read 'custom' instead of an integer,
+         in order to avoid having your file be overridden by tools such as "android update project"
+    -->
+    <!-- version-tag: VERSION_TAG -->
+    <import file="${sdk.dir}/tools/ant/uibuild.xml" />
+
+</project>

wlauto/workloads/googlephotos/uiauto/project.properties

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+# This file is automatically generated by Android Tools.
+# Do not modify this file -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE ERASED!
+#
+# This file must be checked in Version Control Systems.
+#
+# To customize properties used by the Ant build system edit
+# "ant.properties", and override values to adapt the script to your
+# project structure.
+#
+# To enable ProGuard to shrink and obfuscate your code, uncomment this (available properties: sdk.dir, user.home):
+#proguard.config=${sdk.dir}/tools/proguard/proguard-android.txt:proguard-project.txt
+
+# Project target.
+target=android-18

wlauto/workloads/googlephotos/uiauto/src/com/arm/wlauto/uiauto/UiAutomation.java

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+/*    Copyright 2014-2016 ARM Limited
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.arm.wlauto.uiauto.googlephotos;
+
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.graphics.Rect;
+
+// Import the uiautomator libraries
+import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiObject;
+import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiObjectNotFoundException;
+import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiSelector;
+import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiScrollable;
+
+import com.arm.wlauto.uiauto.UxPerfUiAutomation;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+public class UiAutomation extends UxPerfUiAutomation {
+
+    public static String TAG = "uxperf_googlephotos";
+
+    public Bundle parameters;
+    private int viewTimeoutSecs = 10;
+    private long viewTimeout =  TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(viewTimeoutSecs);
+
+    public void runUiAutomation() throws Exception {
+        parameters = getParams();
+
+        pauseForSplashScreen();
+        setScreenOrientation(ScreenOrientation.NATURAL);
+        dismissWelcomeView();
+        closePromotionPopUp();
+        selectWorkingGallery();
+        gesturesTest();
+        editPhotoColorTest();
+        cropPhotoTest();
+        rotatePhotoTest();
+        unsetScreenOrientation();
+    }
+
+    public void pauseForSplashScreen() {
+        sleep(5); // Pause while splash screen loads
+    }
+
+    public void dismissWelcomeView() throws Exception {
+
+        // Click through the first two pages and make sure that we don't sign
+        // in to our google account. This ensures the same set of photographs
+        // are placed in the camera directory for each run.
+
+        UiObject getStartedButton =
+            new UiObject(new UiSelector().textContains("Get started")
+                                         .className("android.widget.Button"));
+
+        waitObject(getStartedButton, viewTimeoutSecs);
+        getStartedButton.click();
+
+        // A network connection is not required for this workload. However,
+        // when the Google Photos app is invoked from the multiapp workload a
+        // connection is required for sharing content. Handle the different UI
+        // pathways when dismissing welcome views here.
+        UiObject doNotSignInButton =
+            new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/dont_sign_in_button"));
+
+        if (doNotSignInButton.exists()) {
+            doNotSignInButton.click();
+        } else {
+            UiObject welcomeButton =
+                getUiObjectByResourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/name",
+                        "android.widget.TextView");
+            welcomeButton.click();
+
+            UiObject useWithoutAccount =
+                getUiObjectByText("Use without an account", "android.widget.TextView");
+            useWithoutAccount.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
+
+            // Dismiss welcome views promoting app features
+            sleep(1);
+            uiDeviceSwipeLeft(10);
+            sleep(1);
+            uiDeviceSwipeLeft(10);
+            sleep(1);
+            uiDeviceSwipeLeft(10);
+            sleep(1);
+        }
+
+        UiObject nextButton =
+            new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/next_button")
+                                         .className("android.widget.ImageView"));
+
+        if (nextButton.exists()) {
+            nextButton.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
+        }
+
+        UiObject workingFolder = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("wa-working"));
+        waitObject(workingFolder, viewTimeoutSecs);
+    }
+
+    private void gesturesTest() throws Exception {
+        String testTag = "gestures";
+
+        // Perform a range of swipe tests while browsing photo gallery
+        LinkedHashMap<String, GestureTestParams> testParams = new LinkedHashMap<String, GestureTestParams>();
+        testParams.put("swipe_left", new GestureTestParams(GestureType.UIDEVICE_SWIPE, Direction.LEFT, 10));
+        testParams.put("pinch_out", new GestureTestParams(GestureType.PINCH, PinchType.OUT, 100, 50));
+        testParams.put("pinch_in", new GestureTestParams(GestureType.PINCH, PinchType.IN, 100, 50));
+        testParams.put("swipe_right", new GestureTestParams(GestureType.UIDEVICE_SWIPE, Direction.RIGHT, 10));
+
+        Iterator<Entry<String, GestureTestParams>> it = testParams.entrySet().iterator();
+
+        // Select first photograph
+        selectPhoto(1);
+
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            Map.Entry<String, GestureTestParams> pair = it.next();
+            GestureType type = pair.getValue().gestureType;
+            Direction dir = pair.getValue().gestureDirection;
+            PinchType pinch = pair.getValue().pinchType;
+            int steps = pair.getValue().steps;
+            int percent = pair.getValue().percent;
+
+            UiObject view = new UiObject(new UiSelector().enabled(true));
+
+            if (!view.waitForExists(viewTimeout)) {
+                throw new UiObjectNotFoundException("Could not find \"photo view\".");
+            }
+
+            String runName = String.format(testTag + "_" + pair.getKey());
+            ActionLogger logger = new ActionLogger(runName, parameters);
+            logger.start();
+
+            switch (type) {
+                case UIDEVICE_SWIPE:
+                    uiDeviceSwipe(dir, steps);
+                    break;
+                case UIOBJECT_SWIPE:
+                    uiObjectSwipe(view, dir, steps);
+                    break;
+                case PINCH:
+                    uiObjectVertPinch(view, pinch, steps, percent);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            logger.stop();
+        }
+
+        UiObject navigateUpButton =
+            getUiObjectByDescription("Navigate Up", "android.widget.ImageButton");
+        navigateUpButton.click();
+    }
+
+    public enum Position { LEFT, RIGHT, CENTRE };
+
+    private class SeekBarTestParams {
+
+        private Position seekBarPosition;
+        private int percent;
+        private int steps;
+
+        SeekBarTestParams(final Position position, final int steps, final int percent) {
+            this.seekBarPosition = position;
+            this.steps = steps;
+            this.percent = percent;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void editPhotoColorTest() throws Exception {
+        String testTag = "edit_photo";
+
+        // Perform a range of swipe tests while browsing photo gallery
+        LinkedHashMap<String, SeekBarTestParams> testParams = new LinkedHashMap<String, SeekBarTestParams>();
+        testParams.put("increment_color", new SeekBarTestParams(Position.RIGHT, 10, 20));
+        testParams.put("reset_color", new SeekBarTestParams(Position.CENTRE, 0, 0));
+        testParams.put("decrement_color", new SeekBarTestParams(Position.LEFT, 10, 20));
+
+        Iterator<Entry<String, SeekBarTestParams>> it = testParams.entrySet().iterator();
+
+        // Select second photograph
+        selectPhoto(2);
+        UiObject editView = getUiObjectByResourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/edit",
+                                                    "android.widget.ImageView");
+        editView.click();
+
+        // Manage potential different spelling of UI element
+        UiObject editColor = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Color"));
+        UiObject editColour = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Colour"));
+
+        if (editColor.exists()) {
+            editColor.click();
+        } else if (editColour.exists()) {
+            editColour.click();
+        } else {
+            throw new UiObjectNotFoundException(String.format("Could not find \"%s\" \"%s\"",
+                                                              "Color/Colour", "android.widget.RadioButton"));
+        }
+
+        UiObject seekBar = getUiObjectByResourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/cpe_strength_seek_bar",
+                                                   "android.widget.SeekBar");
+
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            Map.Entry<String, SeekBarTestParams> pair = it.next();
+            Position pos = pair.getValue().seekBarPosition;
+            int steps = pair.getValue().steps;
+            int percent = pair.getValue().percent;
+
+            String runName = String.format(testTag + "_" + pair.getKey());
+            ActionLogger logger = new ActionLogger(runName, parameters);
+
+            logger.start();
+            seekBarTest(seekBar, pos, steps);
+            logger.stop();
+        }
+
+        closeAndReturn(true);
+    }
+
+    private void cropPhotoTest() throws Exception {
+        String testTag = "crop_photo";
+
+        // To improve travel accuracy perform the slide bar operation slowly
+        final int steps = 500;
+
+        // Perform a range of swipe tests while browsing photo gallery
+        LinkedHashMap<String, Position> testParams = new LinkedHashMap<String, Position>();
+        testParams.put("tilt_positive", Position.LEFT);
+        testParams.put("tilt_reset", Position.RIGHT);
+        testParams.put("tilt_negative", Position.RIGHT);
+
+        Iterator<Entry<String, Position>> it = testParams.entrySet().iterator();
+
+        // Select third photograph
+        selectPhoto(3);
+        UiObject editView = getUiObjectByResourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/edit",
+                                                    "android.widget.ImageView");
+        editView.click();
+
+        UiObject cropTool = getUiObjectByResourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/cpe_crop_tool",
+                                                    "android.widget.ImageView");
+        cropTool.click();
+
+        UiObject straightenSlider = getUiObjectByResourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/cpe_straighten_slider",
+                                                             "android.view.View");
+
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            Map.Entry<String, Position> pair = it.next();
+            Position pos = pair.getValue();
+
+            String runName = String.format(testTag + "_" + pair.getKey());
+            ActionLogger logger = new ActionLogger(runName, parameters);
+
+            logger.start();
+            slideBarTest(straightenSlider, pos, steps);
+            logger.stop();
+        }
+
+        closeAndReturn(true);
+    }
+
+    private void rotatePhotoTest() throws Exception {
+        String testTag = "rotate_photo";
+
+        String[] subTests = {"anticlockwise_90", "anticlockwise_180", "anticlockwise_270"};
+
+        // Select fourth photograph
+        selectPhoto(4);
+        UiObject editView = getUiObjectByResourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/edit",
+                                                    "android.widget.ImageView");
+        editView.click();
+
+        UiObject cropTool = getUiObjectByResourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/cpe_crop_tool",
+                                                    "android.widget.ImageView");
+        cropTool.click();
+
+        UiObject rotate = getUiObjectByResourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/cpe_rotate_90",
+                                                  "android.widget.ImageView");
+
+        for (String subTest : subTests) {
+            String runName = String.format(testTag + "_" + subTest);
+            ActionLogger logger = new ActionLogger(runName, parameters);
+
+            logger.start();
+            rotate.click();
+            logger.stop();
+        }
+
+        closeAndReturn(true);
+    }
+
+    // Helper to slide the seekbar during photo edit.
+    private void seekBarTest(final UiObject view, final Position pos, final int steps) throws Exception {
+        final int SWIPE_MARGIN_LIMIT = 5;
+        Rect rect = view.getVisibleBounds();
+
+        switch (pos) {
+            case LEFT:
+                getUiDevice().click(rect.left + SWIPE_MARGIN_LIMIT, rect.centerY());
+                break;
+            case RIGHT:
+                getUiDevice().click(rect.right - SWIPE_MARGIN_LIMIT, rect.centerY());
+                break;
+            case CENTRE:
+                view.click();
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Helper to slide the slidebar during photo edit.
+    private void slideBarTest(final UiObject view, final Position pos, final int steps) throws Exception {
+        final int SWIPE_MARGIN_LIMIT = 5;
+        Rect rect = view.getBounds();
+
+        switch (pos) {
+            case LEFT:
+                getUiDevice().drag(rect.left + SWIPE_MARGIN_LIMIT, rect.centerY(),
+                                   rect.left + rect.width() / 4, rect.centerY(),
+                                   steps);
+                break;
+            case RIGHT:
+                getUiDevice().drag(rect.right - SWIPE_MARGIN_LIMIT, rect.centerY(),
+                                   rect.right - rect.width() / 4, rect.centerY(),
+                                   steps);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void closePromotionPopUp() throws Exception {
+        UiObject promoCloseButton =
+            new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/promo_close_button"));
+
+        if (promoCloseButton.exists()) {
+            promoCloseButton.click();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Helper to click on the wa-working gallery.
+    public void selectWorkingGallery() throws Exception {
+        UiObject workdir = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("wa-working")
+                                                        .className("android.widget.TextView"));
+
+        UiScrollable scrollView = new UiScrollable(new UiSelector().scrollable(true));
+
+        while (!workdir.exists()) {
+            scrollView.scrollForward();
+        }
+
+        workdir.clickAndWaitForNewWindow();
+    }
+
+    // Helper to click on an individual photograph based on index in wa-working gallery.
+    public void selectPhoto(final int index) throws Exception {
+        UiObject photo =
+            new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/recycler_view")
+                                         .childSelector(new UiSelector()
+                                         .index(index)));
+
+        // On some versions of the app a non-zero index is used for the
+        // photographs position while on other versions a zero index is used.
+        // Try both possiblities before throwing an exception.
+        if (photo.exists()) {
+            photo.click();
+        } else {
+            photo = new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/recycler_view")
+                                                 .childSelector(new UiSelector()
+                                                 .index(index - 1)));
+            photo.click();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Helper that accepts, closes and navigates back to application home screen after an edit operation.
+    // dontsave - True will discard the image. False will save the image
+    public void closeAndReturn(final boolean dontsave) throws Exception {
+
+        UiObject accept = getUiObjectByDescription("Accept", "android.widget.ImageView");
+        accept.click();
+
+        if (dontsave) {
+            UiObject close = getUiObjectByDescription("Close editor", "android.widget.ImageView");
+            close.click();
+
+            UiObject discard = getUiObjectByText("DISCARD", "android.widget.Button");
+            discard.waitForExists(viewTimeout);
+            discard.click();
+        } else {
+            UiObject save = getUiObjectByText("SAVE", "android.widget.TextView");
+            save.waitForExists(viewTimeout);
+            save.click();
+        }
+
+        UiObject navigateUpButton =
+            new UiObject(new UiSelector().descriptionContains("Navigate Up")
+                                         .className("android.widget.ImageButton"));
+        navigateUpButton.waitForExists(viewTimeout);
+        navigateUpButton.click();
+    }
+
+    // Helper to tag an individual photograph based on the index in wa-working
+    // gallery.  After long clicking it tags the photograph with a tick in the
+    // corner of the image to indicate that the photograph has been selected
+    public void tagPhoto(final int index) throws Exception {
+        UiObject photo =
+            new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/recycler_view")
+                                         .childSelector(new UiSelector()
+                                         .index(index)));
+
+        // On some versions of the app a non-zero index is used for the
+        // photographs position while on other versions a zero index is used.
+        // Try both possiblities before throwing an exception.
+        if (photo.exists()) {
+            uiObjectPerformLongClick(photo, 100);
+        } else {
+            photo = new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("com.google.android.apps.photos:id/recycler_view")
+                                                 .childSelector(new UiSelector()
+                                                 .index(index - 1)));
+            uiObjectPerformLongClick(photo, 100);
+        }
+    }
+}