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esphome/esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp

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#include "bluetooth_connection.h"
#include "esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h"
#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
#include "esphome/core/log.h"
#ifdef USE_ESP32
#include "bluetooth_proxy.h"
namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy {
static const char *const TAG = "bluetooth_proxy.connection";
static void fill_128bit_uuid_array(std::array<uint64_t, 2> &out, esp_bt_uuid_t uuid_source) {
esp_bt_uuid_t uuid = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(uuid_source).as_128bit().get_uuid();
out[0] = ((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[15] << 56) | ((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[14] << 48) |
((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[13] << 40) | ((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[12] << 32) |
((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[11] << 24) | ((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[10] << 16) |
((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[9] << 8) | ((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[8]);
out[1] = ((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[7] << 56) | ((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[6] << 48) |
((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[5] << 40) | ((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[4] << 32) |
((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[3] << 24) | ((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[2] << 16) |
((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[1] << 8) | ((uint64_t) uuid.uuid.uuid128[0]);
}
// Helper to fill UUID in the appropriate format based on client support and UUID type
static void fill_gatt_uuid(std::array<uint64_t, 2> &uuid_128, uint32_t &short_uuid, const esp_bt_uuid_t &uuid,
bool use_efficient_uuids) {
if (!use_efficient_uuids || uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_128) {
// Use 128-bit format for old clients or when UUID is already 128-bit
fill_128bit_uuid_array(uuid_128, uuid);
} else if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_16) {
short_uuid = uuid.uuid.uuid16;
} else if (uuid.len == ESP_UUID_LEN_32) {
short_uuid = uuid.uuid.uuid32;
}
}
// Constants for size estimation
static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_OVERHEAD_LEGACY = 25; // UUID(20) + handle(4) + overhead(1)
static constexpr uint8_t SERVICE_OVERHEAD_EFFICIENT = 10; // UUID(6) + handle(4)
static constexpr uint8_t CHAR_SIZE_128BIT = 35; // UUID(20) + handle(4) + props(4) + overhead(7)
static constexpr uint8_t DESC_SIZE_128BIT = 25; // UUID(20) + handle(4) + overhead(1)
static constexpr uint8_t DESC_SIZE_16BIT = 10; // UUID(6) + handle(4)
static constexpr uint8_t DESC_PER_CHAR = 1; // Assume 1 descriptor per characteristic
// Helper to estimate service size before fetching all data
/**
* Estimate the size of a Bluetooth service based on the number of characteristics and UUID format.
*
* @param char_count The number of characteristics in the service.
* @param use_efficient_uuids Whether to use efficient UUIDs (16-bit or 32-bit) for newer APIVersions.
* @return The estimated size of the service in bytes.
*
* This function calculates the size of a Bluetooth service by considering:
* - A service overhead, which depends on whether efficient UUIDs are used.
* - The size of each characteristic, assuming 128-bit UUIDs for safety.
* - The size of descriptors, assuming one 128-bit descriptor per characteristic.
*/
static size_t estimate_service_size(uint16_t char_count, bool use_efficient_uuids) {
size_t service_overhead = use_efficient_uuids ? SERVICE_OVERHEAD_EFFICIENT : SERVICE_OVERHEAD_LEGACY;
// Always assume 128-bit UUIDs for characteristics to be safe
size_t char_size = CHAR_SIZE_128BIT;
// Assume one 128-bit descriptor per characteristic
size_t desc_size = DESC_SIZE_128BIT * DESC_PER_CHAR;
return service_overhead + (char_size + desc_size) * char_count;
}
bool BluetoothConnection::supports_efficient_uuids_() const {
auto *api_conn = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
return api_conn && api_conn->client_supports_api_version(1, 12);
}
void BluetoothConnection::dump_config() {
ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "BLE Connection:");
BLEClientBase::dump_config();
}
void BluetoothConnection::update_allocated_slot_(uint64_t find_value, uint64_t set_value) {
auto &allocated = this->proxy_->connections_free_response_.allocated;
for (auto &slot : allocated) {
if (slot == find_value) {
slot = set_value;
return;
}
}
}
void BluetoothConnection::set_address(uint64_t address) {
// If we're clearing an address (disconnecting), update the pre-allocated message
if (address == 0 && this->address_ != 0) {
this->proxy_->connections_free_response_.free++;
this->update_allocated_slot_(this->address_, 0);
}
// If we're setting a new address (connecting), update the pre-allocated message
else if (address != 0 && this->address_ == 0) {
this->proxy_->connections_free_response_.free--;
this->update_allocated_slot_(0, address);
}
// Call parent implementation to actually set the address
BLEClientBase::set_address(address);
}
void BluetoothConnection::loop() {
BLEClientBase::loop();
// Early return if no active connection or not in service discovery phase
if (this->address_ == 0 || this->send_service_ < 0 || this->send_service_ > this->service_count_) {
return;
}
// Handle service discovery
this->send_service_for_discovery_();
}
void BluetoothConnection::reset_connection_(esp_err_t reason) {
// Send disconnection notification
this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, false, 0, reason);
// Important: If we were in the middle of sending services, we do NOT send
// send_gatt_services_done() here. This ensures the client knows that
// the service discovery was interrupted and can retry. The client
// (aioesphomeapi) implements a 30-second timeout (DEFAULT_BLE_TIMEOUT)
// to detect incomplete service discovery rather than relying on us to
// tell them about a partial list.
this->set_address(0);
this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
}
void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
if (this->send_service_ >= this->service_count_) {
this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
this->proxy_->send_gatt_services_done(this->address_);
if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE ||
this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITHOUT_CACHE) {
this->release_services();
}
return;
}
// Early return if no API connection
auto *api_conn = this->proxy_->get_api_connection();
if (api_conn == nullptr) {
this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
return;
}
// Check if client supports efficient UUIDs
bool use_efficient_uuids = this->supports_efficient_uuids_();
// Prepare response
api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
resp.address = this->address_;
// Dynamic batching based on actual size
// Conservative MTU limit for API messages (accounts for WPA3 overhead)
static constexpr size_t MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 1360;
// Keep running total of actual message size
size_t current_size = 0;
api::ProtoSize size;
resp.calculate_size(size);
current_size = size.get_size();
while (this->send_service_ < this->service_count_) {
esp_gattc_service_elem_t service_result;
uint16_t service_count = 1;
esp_gatt_status_t service_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_service(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, nullptr,
&service_result, &service_count, this->send_service_);
if (service_status != ESP_GATT_OK || service_count == 0) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_get_service %s, status=%d, service_count=%d, offset=%d",
this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(),
service_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? "error" : "missing", service_status, service_count, this->send_service_);
this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
return;
}
// Get the number of characteristics BEFORE adding to response
uint16_t total_char_count = 0;
esp_gatt_status_t char_count_status =
esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_CHARACTERISTIC,
service_result.start_handle, service_result.end_handle, 0, &total_char_count);
if (char_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", char_count_status);
this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
return;
}
// If this service likely won't fit, send current batch (unless it's the first)
size_t estimated_size = estimate_service_size(total_char_count, use_efficient_uuids);
if (!resp.services.empty() && (current_size + estimated_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE)) {
// This service likely won't fit, send current batch
break;
}
// Now add the service since we know it will likely fit
resp.services.emplace_back();
auto &service_resp = resp.services.back();
fill_gatt_uuid(service_resp.uuid, service_resp.short_uuid, service_result.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
service_resp.handle = service_result.start_handle;
if (total_char_count > 0) {
// Reserve space and process characteristics
service_resp.characteristics.reserve(total_char_count);
uint16_t char_offset = 0;
esp_gattc_char_elem_t char_result;
while (true) { // characteristics
uint16_t char_count = 1;
esp_gatt_status_t char_status =
esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, service_result.start_handle,
service_result.end_handle, &char_result, &char_count, char_offset);
if (char_status == ESP_GATT_INVALID_OFFSET || char_status == ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND) {
break;
}
if (char_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char", char_status);
this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
return;
}
if (char_count == 0) {
break;
}
service_resp.characteristics.emplace_back();
auto &characteristic_resp = service_resp.characteristics.back();
fill_gatt_uuid(characteristic_resp.uuid, characteristic_resp.short_uuid, char_result.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
characteristic_resp.handle = char_result.char_handle;
characteristic_resp.properties = char_result.properties;
char_offset++;
// Get the number of descriptors directly with one call
uint16_t total_desc_count = 0;
esp_gatt_status_t desc_count_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(
this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, ESP_GATT_DB_DESCRIPTOR, 0, 0, char_result.char_handle, &total_desc_count);
if (desc_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count", desc_count_status);
this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
return;
}
if (total_desc_count == 0) {
// No descriptors, continue to next characteristic
continue;
}
// Reserve space and process descriptors
characteristic_resp.descriptors.reserve(total_desc_count);
uint16_t desc_offset = 0;
esp_gattc_descr_elem_t desc_result;
while (true) { // descriptors
uint16_t desc_count = 1;
esp_gatt_status_t desc_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr(
this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, char_result.char_handle, &desc_result, &desc_count, desc_offset);
if (desc_status == ESP_GATT_INVALID_OFFSET || desc_status == ESP_GATT_NOT_FOUND) {
break;
}
if (desc_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
this->log_connection_error_("esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr", desc_status);
this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
return;
}
if (desc_count == 0) {
break; // No more descriptors
}
characteristic_resp.descriptors.emplace_back();
auto &descriptor_resp = characteristic_resp.descriptors.back();
fill_gatt_uuid(descriptor_resp.uuid, descriptor_resp.short_uuid, desc_result.uuid, use_efficient_uuids);
descriptor_resp.handle = desc_result.handle;
desc_offset++;
}
}
} // end if (total_char_count > 0)
// Calculate the actual size of just this service
api::ProtoSize service_sizer;
service_resp.calculate_size(service_sizer);
size_t service_size = service_sizer.get_size() + 1; // +1 for field tag
// Check if adding this service would exceed the limit
if (current_size + service_size > MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {
// We would go over - pop the last service if we have more than one
if (resp.services.size() > 1) {
resp.services.pop_back();
ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d would exceed limit (current: %d + service: %d > %d), sending current batch",
this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(), this->send_service_, current_size, service_size,
MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
// Don't increment send_service_ - we'll retry this service in next batch
} else {
// This single service is too large, but we have to send it anyway
ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d is too large (%d bytes) but sending anyway", this->connection_index_,
this->address_str().c_str(), this->send_service_, service_size);
// Increment so we don't get stuck
this->send_service_++;
}
// Send what we have
break;
}
// Now we know we're keeping this service, add its size
current_size += service_size;
// Successfully added this service, increment counter
this->send_service_++;
}
// Send the message with dynamically batched services
api_conn->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
}
void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_error_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(), operation,
status);
}
void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(), operation, err);
}
void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_not_connected_(const char *action, const char *type) {
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected.", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(),
action, type);
}
void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error %s for handle 0x%2X, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(),
operation, handle, status);
}
esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::check_and_log_error_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
if (err != ESP_OK) {
this->log_connection_warning_(operation, err);
return err;
}
return ESP_OK;
}
bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) {
if (!BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(event, gattc_if, param))
return false;
switch (event) {
case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT: {
this->reset_connection_(param->disconnect.reason);
break;
}
case ESP_GATTC_CLOSE_EVT: {
this->reset_connection_(param->close.reason);
break;
}
case ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT: {
if (param->open.status != ESP_GATT_OK && param->open.status != ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
this->reset_connection_(param->open.status);
} else if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, true, this->mtu_);
this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
}
this->seen_mtu_or_services_ = false;
break;
}
case ESP_GATTC_CFG_MTU_EVT:
case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
if (!this->seen_mtu_or_services_) {
// We don't know if we will get the MTU or the services first, so
// only send the device connection true if we have already received
// the services.
this->seen_mtu_or_services_ = true;
break;
}
this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, true, this->mtu_);
this->proxy_->send_connections_free();
break;
}
case ESP_GATTC_READ_DESCR_EVT:
case ESP_GATTC_READ_CHAR_EVT: {
if (param->read.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
this->log_gatt_operation_error_("reading char/descriptor", param->read.handle, param->read.status);
this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->read.handle, param->read.status);
break;
}
api::BluetoothGATTReadResponse resp;
resp.address = this->address_;
resp.handle = param->read.handle;
resp.set_data(param->read.value, param->read.value_len);
this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTReadResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
break;
}
case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_CHAR_EVT:
case ESP_GATTC_WRITE_DESCR_EVT: {
if (param->write.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
this->log_gatt_operation_error_("writing char/descriptor", param->write.handle, param->write.status);
this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->write.handle, param->write.status);
break;
}
api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse resp;
resp.address = this->address_;
resp.handle = param->write.handle;
this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTWriteResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
break;
}
case ESP_GATTC_UNREG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
if (param->unreg_for_notify.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
this->log_gatt_operation_error_("unregistering notifications", param->unreg_for_notify.handle,
param->unreg_for_notify.status);
this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->unreg_for_notify.handle, param->unreg_for_notify.status);
break;
}
api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse resp;
resp.address = this->address_;
resp.handle = param->unreg_for_notify.handle;
this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
break;
}
case ESP_GATTC_REG_FOR_NOTIFY_EVT: {
if (param->reg_for_notify.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
this->log_gatt_operation_error_("registering notifications", param->reg_for_notify.handle,
param->reg_for_notify.status);
this->proxy_->send_gatt_error(this->address_, param->reg_for_notify.handle, param->reg_for_notify.status);
break;
}
api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse resp;
resp.address = this->address_;
resp.handle = param->reg_for_notify.handle;
this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
break;
}
case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: {
ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
param->notify.handle);
api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse resp;
resp.address = this->address_;
resp.handle = param->notify.handle;
resp.set_data(param->notify.value, param->notify.value_len);
this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_message(resp, api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
break;
}
default:
break;
}
return true;
}
void BluetoothConnection::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t *param) {
BLEClientBase::gap_event_handler(event, param);
switch (event) {
case ESP_GAP_BLE_AUTH_CMPL_EVT:
if (memcmp(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr, this->remote_bda_, 6) != 0)
break;
if (param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success) {
this->proxy_->send_device_pairing(this->address_, true);
} else {
this->proxy_->send_device_pairing(this->address_, false, param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
if (!this->connected()) {
this->log_gatt_not_connected_("read", "characteristic");
return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
}
ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
handle);
esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_read_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char", err);
}
esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const std::string &data, bool response) {
if (!this->connected()) {
this->log_gatt_not_connected_("write", "characteristic");
return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
}
ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
handle);
esp_err_t err =
esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, data.size(), (uint8_t *) data.data(),
response ? ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP : ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_write_char", err);
}
esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
if (!this->connected()) {
this->log_gatt_not_connected_("read", "descriptor");
return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
}
ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
handle);
esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr", err);
}
esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const std::string &data, bool response) {
if (!this->connected()) {
this->log_gatt_not_connected_("write", "descriptor");
return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
}
ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
handle);
esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr(
this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, data.size(), (uint8_t *) data.data(),
response ? ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_RSP : ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_write_char_descr", err);
}
esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enable) {
if (!this->connected()) {
this->log_gatt_not_connected_("notify", "characteristic");
return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
}
if (enable) {
ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Registering for GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_,
this->address_str_.c_str(), handle);
esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle);
return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify", err);
}
ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Unregistering for GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_,
this->address_str_.c_str(), handle);
esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle);
return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify", err);
}
esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType BluetoothConnection::get_advertisement_parser_type() {
return this->proxy_->get_advertisement_parser_type();
}
} // namespace esphome::bluetooth_proxy
#endif // USE_ESP32
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