esphome/esphome/core/application.cpp

#include "esphome/core/application.h"
#include "esphome/core/log.h"
#include "esphome/core/version.h"
#include "esphome/core/hal.h"
#include <algorithm>

#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
#include "esphome/components/status_led/status_led.h"
#endif

#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
#include <cerrno>

#ifdef USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS
// LWIP sockets implementation
#include <lwip/sockets.h>
#elif defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS)
// BSD sockets implementation
#ifdef USE_ESP32
// ESP32 "BSD sockets" are actually LWIP under the hood
#include <lwip/sockets.h>
#else
// True BSD sockets (e.g., host platform)
#include <sys/select.h>
#endif
#endif
#endif

namespace esphome {

static const char *const TAG = "app";

void Application::register_component_(Component *comp) {
  if (comp == nullptr) {
    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Tried to register null component!");
    return;
  }

  for (auto *c : this->components_) {
    if (comp == c) {
      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Component %s already registered! (%p)", c->get_component_source(), c);
      return;
    }
  }
  this->components_.push_back(comp);
}
void Application::setup() {
  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Running through setup()");
  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sorting components by setup priority");
  std::stable_sort(this->components_.begin(), this->components_.end(), [](const Component *a, const Component *b) {
    return a->get_actual_setup_priority() > b->get_actual_setup_priority();
  });

  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < this->components_.size(); i++) {
    Component *component = this->components_[i];

    // Update loop_component_start_time_ before calling each component during setup
    this->loop_component_start_time_ = millis();
    component->call();
    this->scheduler.process_to_add();
    this->feed_wdt();
    if (component->can_proceed())
      continue;

    std::stable_sort(this->components_.begin(), this->components_.begin() + i + 1,
                     [](Component *a, Component *b) { return a->get_loop_priority() > b->get_loop_priority(); });

    do {
      uint32_t new_app_state = STATUS_LED_WARNING;
      this->scheduler.call();
      this->feed_wdt();
      for (uint32_t j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
        // Update loop_component_start_time_ right before calling each component
        this->loop_component_start_time_ = millis();
        this->components_[j]->call();
        new_app_state |= this->components_[j]->get_component_state();
        this->app_state_ |= new_app_state;
        this->feed_wdt();
      }
      this->app_state_ = new_app_state;
      yield();
    } while (!component->can_proceed());
  }

  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "setup() finished successfully!");
  this->schedule_dump_config();
  this->calculate_looping_components_();
}
void Application::loop() {
  uint32_t new_app_state = 0;

  this->scheduler.call();

  // Get the initial loop time at the start
  uint32_t last_op_end_time = millis();

  // Feed WDT with time
  this->feed_wdt(last_op_end_time);

  for (Component *component : this->looping_components_) {
    // Update the cached time before each component runs
    this->loop_component_start_time_ = last_op_end_time;

    {
      this->set_current_component(component);
      WarnIfComponentBlockingGuard guard{component, last_op_end_time};
      component->call();
      // Use the finish method to get the current time as the end time
      last_op_end_time = guard.finish();
    }
    new_app_state |= component->get_component_state();
    this->app_state_ |= new_app_state;
    this->feed_wdt(last_op_end_time);
  }
  this->app_state_ = new_app_state;

  // Use the last component's end time instead of calling millis() again
  auto elapsed = last_op_end_time - this->last_loop_;
  if (elapsed >= this->loop_interval_ || HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency()) {
    yield();
  } else {
    uint32_t delay_time = this->loop_interval_ - elapsed;
    uint32_t next_schedule = this->scheduler.next_schedule_in().value_or(delay_time);
    // next_schedule is max 0.5*delay_time
    // otherwise interval=0 schedules result in constant looping with almost no sleep
    next_schedule = std::max(next_schedule, delay_time / 2);
    delay_time = std::min(next_schedule, delay_time);

    this->delay_with_select_(delay_time);
  }
  this->last_loop_ = last_op_end_time;

  if (this->dump_config_at_ < this->components_.size()) {
    if (this->dump_config_at_ == 0) {
      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "ESPHome version " ESPHOME_VERSION " compiled on %s", this->compilation_time_);
#ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Project " ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME " version " ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION);
#endif
    }

    this->components_[this->dump_config_at_]->call_dump_config();
    this->dump_config_at_++;
  }
}

void IRAM_ATTR HOT Application::feed_wdt(uint32_t time) {
  static uint32_t last_feed = 0;
  // Use provided time if available, otherwise get current time
  uint32_t now = time ? time : millis();
  // Compare in milliseconds (3ms threshold)
  if (now - last_feed > 3) {
    arch_feed_wdt();
    last_feed = now;
#ifdef USE_STATUS_LED
    if (status_led::global_status_led != nullptr) {
      status_led::global_status_led->call();
    }
#endif
  }
}
void Application::reboot() {
  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Forcing a reboot");
  for (auto it = this->components_.rbegin(); it != this->components_.rend(); ++it) {
    (*it)->on_shutdown();
  }
  arch_restart();
}
void Application::safe_reboot() {
  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Rebooting safely");
  run_safe_shutdown_hooks();
  teardown_components(TEARDOWN_TIMEOUT_REBOOT_MS);
  run_powerdown_hooks();
  arch_restart();
}

void Application::run_safe_shutdown_hooks() {
  for (auto it = this->components_.rbegin(); it != this->components_.rend(); ++it) {
    (*it)->on_safe_shutdown();
  }
  for (auto it = this->components_.rbegin(); it != this->components_.rend(); ++it) {
    (*it)->on_shutdown();
  }
}

void Application::run_powerdown_hooks() {
  for (auto it = this->components_.rbegin(); it != this->components_.rend(); ++it) {
    (*it)->on_powerdown();
  }
}

void Application::teardown_components(uint32_t timeout_ms) {
  uint32_t start_time = millis();

  // Copy all components in reverse order using reverse iterators
  // Reverse order matches the behavior of run_safe_shutdown_hooks() above and ensures
  // components are torn down in the opposite order of their setup_priority (which is
  // used to sort components during Application::setup())
  std::vector<Component *> pending_components(this->components_.rbegin(), this->components_.rend());

  uint32_t now = start_time;
  while (!pending_components.empty() && (now - start_time) < timeout_ms) {
    // Feed watchdog during teardown to prevent triggering
    this->feed_wdt(now);

    // Use iterator to safely erase elements
    for (auto it = pending_components.begin(); it != pending_components.end();) {
      if ((*it)->teardown()) {
        // Component finished teardown, erase it
        it = pending_components.erase(it);
      } else {
        // Component still needs time
        ++it;
      }
    }

    // Give some time for I/O operations if components are still pending
    if (!pending_components.empty()) {
      this->delay_with_select_(1);
    }

    // Update time for next iteration
    now = millis();
  }

  if (!pending_components.empty()) {
    // Note: At this point, connections are either disconnected or in a bad state,
    // so this warning will only appear via serial rather than being transmitted to clients
    for (auto *component : pending_components) {
      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s did not complete teardown within %u ms", component->get_component_source(), timeout_ms);
    }
  }
}

void Application::calculate_looping_components_() {
  for (auto *obj : this->components_) {
    if (obj->has_overridden_loop())
      this->looping_components_.push_back(obj);
  }
}

#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
bool Application::register_socket_fd(int fd) {
  // WARNING: This function is NOT thread-safe and must only be called from the main loop
  // It modifies socket_fds_ and related variables without locking
  if (fd < 0)
    return false;

  if (fd >= FD_SETSIZE) {
    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot monitor socket fd %d: exceeds FD_SETSIZE (%d)", fd, FD_SETSIZE);
    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Socket will not be monitored for data - may cause performance issues!");
    return false;
  }

  this->socket_fds_.push_back(fd);
  this->socket_fds_changed_ = true;

  if (fd > this->max_fd_) {
    this->max_fd_ = fd;
  }

  return true;
}

void Application::unregister_socket_fd(int fd) {
  // WARNING: This function is NOT thread-safe and must only be called from the main loop
  // It modifies socket_fds_ and related variables without locking
  if (fd < 0)
    return;

  auto it = std::find(this->socket_fds_.begin(), this->socket_fds_.end(), fd);
  if (it != this->socket_fds_.end()) {
    // Swap with last element and pop - O(1) removal since order doesn't matter
    if (it != this->socket_fds_.end() - 1) {
      std::swap(*it, this->socket_fds_.back());
    }
    this->socket_fds_.pop_back();
    this->socket_fds_changed_ = true;

    // Only recalculate max_fd if we removed the current max
    if (fd == this->max_fd_) {
      if (this->socket_fds_.empty()) {
        this->max_fd_ = -1;
      } else {
        // Find new max using std::max_element
        this->max_fd_ = *std::max_element(this->socket_fds_.begin(), this->socket_fds_.end());
      }
    }
  }
}

bool Application::is_socket_ready(int fd) const {
  // This function is thread-safe for reading the result of select()
  // However, it should only be called after select() has been executed in the main loop
  // The read_fds_ is only modified by select() in the main loop
  if (HighFrequencyLoopRequester::is_high_frequency())
    return true;  // fd sets via select are not updated in high frequency looping - so force true fallback behavior
  if (fd < 0 || fd >= FD_SETSIZE)
    return false;

  return FD_ISSET(fd, &this->read_fds_);
}
#endif

void Application::delay_with_select_(uint32_t delay_ms) {
#ifdef USE_SOCKET_SELECT_SUPPORT
  if (!this->socket_fds_.empty()) {
    // Update fd_set if socket list has changed
    if (this->socket_fds_changed_) {
      FD_ZERO(&this->base_read_fds_);
      for (int fd : this->socket_fds_) {
        if (fd >= 0 && fd < FD_SETSIZE) {
          FD_SET(fd, &this->base_read_fds_);
        }
      }
      this->socket_fds_changed_ = false;
    }

    // Copy base fd_set before each select
    this->read_fds_ = this->base_read_fds_;

    // Convert delay_ms to timeval
    struct timeval tv;
    tv.tv_sec = delay_ms / 1000;
    tv.tv_usec = (delay_ms - tv.tv_sec * 1000) * 1000;

    // Call select with timeout
#if defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_LWIP_SOCKETS) || (defined(USE_ESP32) && defined(USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS))
    int ret = lwip_select(this->max_fd_ + 1, &this->read_fds_, nullptr, nullptr, &tv);
#else
    int ret = ::select(this->max_fd_ + 1, &this->read_fds_, nullptr, nullptr, &tv);
#endif

    // Process select() result:
    // ret < 0: error (except EINTR which is normal)
    // ret > 0: socket(s) have data ready - normal and expected
    // ret == 0: timeout occurred - normal and expected
    if (ret < 0 && errno != EINTR) {
      // Actual error - log and fall back to delay
      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "select() failed with errno %d", errno);
      delay(delay_ms);
    }
  } else {
    // No sockets registered, use regular delay
    delay(delay_ms);
  }
#else
  // No select support, use regular delay
  delay(delay_ms);
#endif
}

Application App;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)

}  // namespace esphome