Merge pull request #8996 from esphome/bump-2025.5.2

2025.5.2

.github/actions/build-image/action.yaml

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to ghcr by digest
       id: build-ghcr
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.16.0
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.17.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ runs:
 
     - name: Build and push to dockerhub by digest
       id: build-dockerhub
-      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.16.0
+      uses: docker/build-push-action@v6.17.0
       env:
         DOCKER_BUILD_SUMMARY: false
         DOCKER_BUILD_RECORD_UPLOAD: false

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -57,6 +57,17 @@ jobs:
               event: 'REQUEST_CHANGES',
               body: 'You have altered the generated proto files but they do not match what is expected.\nPlease run "script/api_protobuf/api_protobuf.py" and commit the changes.'
             })
+      - if: failure()
+        name: Show changes
+        run: git diff
+      - if: failure()
+        name: Archive artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4.6.2
+        with:
+          name: generated-proto-files
+          path: |
+            esphome/components/api/api_pb2.*
+            esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.*
       - if: success()
         name: Dismiss review
         uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -292,6 +292,11 @@ jobs:
             name: Run script/clang-tidy for ESP32 IDF
             options: --environment esp32-idf-tidy --grep USE_ESP_IDF
             pio_cache_key: tidyesp32-idf
+          - id: clang-tidy
+            name: Run script/clang-tidy for ZEPHYR
+            options: --environment nrf52-tidy --grep USE_ZEPHYR
+            pio_cache_key: tidy-zephyr
+            ignore_errors: true
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
@@ -331,13 +336,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run clang-tidy
         run: |
           . venv/bin/activate
-          script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix ${{ matrix.options }}
+          script/clang-tidy --all-headers --fix ${{ matrix.options }} ${{ matrix.ignore_errors && '|| true' || '' }}
         env:
           # Also cache libdeps, store them in a ~/.platformio subfolder
           PLATFORMIO_LIBDEPS_DIR: ~/.platformio/libdeps
 
       - name: Suggested changes
-        run: script/ci-suggest-changes
+        run: script/ci-suggest-changes ${{ matrix.ignore_errors && '|| true' || '' }}
         # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
         if: always()
 

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     outputs:
       tag: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
       branch_build: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.branch_build }}
+      deploy_env: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.deploy_env }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4.1.7
       - name: Get tag
@@ -27,6 +28,11 @@ jobs:
           if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" = "release" ]]; then
             TAG="${{ github.event.release.tag_name}}"
             BRANCH_BUILD="false"
+            if [[ "${{ github.event.release.prerelease }}" = "true" ]]; then
+              ENVIRONMENT="beta"
+            else
+              ENVIRONMENT="production"
+            fi
           else
             TAG=$(cat esphome/const.py | sed -n -E "s/^__version__\s+=\s+\"(.+)\"$/\1/p")
             today="$(date --utc '+%Y%m%d')"
@@ -35,12 +41,15 @@ jobs:
             if [[ "$BRANCH" != "dev" ]]; then
               TAG="${TAG}-${BRANCH}"
               BRANCH_BUILD="true"
+              ENVIRONMENT=""
             else
               BRANCH_BUILD="false"
+              ENVIRONMENT="dev"
             fi
           fi
           echo "tag=${TAG}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "branch_build=${BRANCH_BUILD}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "deploy_env=${ENVIRONMENT}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
         # yamllint enable rule:line-length
 
   deploy-pypi:
@@ -56,16 +65,14 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5.6.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
-      - name: Set up python environment
-        env:
-          ESPHOME_NO_VENV: 1
-        run: script/setup
       - name: Build
         run: |-
           pip3 install build
           python3 -m build
       - name: Publish
         uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@v1.12.4
+        with:
+          skip-existing: true
 
   deploy-docker:
     name: Build ESPHome ${{ matrix.platform.arch }}
@@ -231,3 +238,24 @@ jobs:
                 content: description
               }
             })
+
+  deploy-esphome-schema:
+    if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' && needs.init.outputs.branch_build == 'false'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [init]
+    environment: ${{ needs.init.outputs.deploy_env }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Trigger Workflow
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7.0.1
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_ESPHOME_SCHEMA_REPO_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            github.rest.actions.createWorkflowDispatch({
+              owner: "esphome",
+              repo: "esphome-schema",
+              workflow_id: "generate-schemas.yml",
+              ref: "main",
+              inputs: {
+                version: "${{ needs.init.outputs.tag }}",
+              }
+            })

.gitignore

@@ -143,3 +143,4 @@ sdkconfig.*
 /components
 /managed_components
 
+api-docs/

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.11.0
+    rev: v0.11.9
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff

CODEOWNERS

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/* @zry98
 esphome/components/gp8403/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/gpio/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/* @ssieb
-esphome/components/gps/* @coogle
+esphome/components/gps/* @coogle @ximex
 esphome/components/graph/* @synco
 esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/* @MrMDavidson
 esphome/components/gree/* @orestismers
@@ -282,6 +282,7 @@ esphome/components/microphone/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/mics_4514/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/midea/* @dudanov
 esphome/components/midea_ir/* @dudanov
+esphome/components/mipi_spi/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/mitsubishi/* @RubyBailey
 esphome/components/mixer/speaker/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/mlx90393/* @functionpointer
@@ -398,6 +399,7 @@ esphome/components/smt100/* @piechade
 esphome/components/sn74hc165/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/socket/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/sonoff_d1/* @anatoly-savchenkov
+esphome/components/sound_level/* @kahrendt
 esphome/components/speaker/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/speaker/media_player/* @kahrendt @synesthesiam
 esphome/components/spi/* @clydebarrow @esphome/core

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ FROM base-source-${BUILD_TYPE} AS base
 
 RUN git config --system --add safe.directory "*"
 
-RUN pip install uv==0.6.14
+ENV PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
+
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -U pip uv==0.6.14
 
 COPY requirements.txt /
 

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, EsphomeError, coroutine
 from esphome.helpers import get_bool_env, indent, is_ip_address
-from esphome.log import Fore, color, setup_log
+from esphome.log import AnsiFore, color, setup_log
 from esphome.util import (
     get_serial_ports,
     list_yaml_files,
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def choose_prompt(options, purpose: str = None):
                 raise ValueError
             break
         except ValueError:
-            safe_print(color(Fore.RED, f"Invalid option: '{opt}'"))
+            safe_print(color(AnsiFore.RED, f"Invalid option: '{opt}'"))
     return options[opt - 1][1]
 
 
@@ -596,30 +596,30 @@ def command_update_all(args):
         click.echo(f"{half_line}{middle_text}{half_line}")
 
     for f in files:
-        print(f"Updating {color(Fore.CYAN, f)}")
+        print(f"Updating {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, f)}")
         print("-" * twidth)
         print()
         rc = run_external_process(
             "esphome", "--dashboard", "run", f, "--no-logs", "--device", "OTA"
         )
         if rc == 0:
-            print_bar(f"[{color(Fore.BOLD_GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}] {f}")
+            print_bar(f"[{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}] {f}")
             success[f] = True
         else:
-            print_bar(f"[{color(Fore.BOLD_RED, 'ERROR')}] {f}")
+            print_bar(f"[{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, 'ERROR')}] {f}")
             success[f] = False
 
         print()
         print()
         print()
 
-    print_bar(f"[{color(Fore.BOLD_WHITE, 'SUMMARY')}]")
+    print_bar(f"[{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, 'SUMMARY')}]")
     failed = 0
     for f in files:
         if success[f]:
-            print(f"  - {f}: {color(Fore.GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}")
+            print(f"  - {f}: {color(AnsiFore.GREEN, 'SUCCESS')}")
         else:
-            print(f"  - {f}: {color(Fore.BOLD_RED, 'FAILED')}")
+            print(f"  - {f}: {color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, 'FAILED')}")
             failed += 1
     return failed
 
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
         if c not in ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS:
             print(
                 color(
-                    Fore.BOLD_RED,
+                    AnsiFore.BOLD_RED,
                     f"'{c}' is an invalid character for names. Valid characters are: "
                     f"{ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS} (lowercase, no spaces)",
                 )
@@ -658,7 +658,9 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
     yaml = yaml_util.load_yaml(CORE.config_path)
     if CONF_ESPHOME not in yaml or CONF_NAME not in yaml[CONF_ESPHOME]:
         print(
-            color(Fore.BOLD_RED, "Complex YAML files cannot be automatically renamed.")
+            color(
+                AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Complex YAML files cannot be automatically renamed."
+            )
         )
         return 1
     old_name = yaml[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_NAME]
@@ -681,7 +683,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
             )
             > 1
         ):
-            print(color(Fore.BOLD_RED, "Too many matches in YAML to safely rename"))
+            print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Too many matches in YAML to safely rename"))
             return 1
 
         new_raw = re.sub(
@@ -693,7 +695,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
 
     new_path = os.path.join(CORE.config_dir, args.name + ".yaml")
     print(
-        f"Updating {color(Fore.CYAN, CORE.config_path)} to {color(Fore.CYAN, new_path)}"
+        f"Updating {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, CORE.config_path)} to {color(AnsiFore.CYAN, new_path)}"
     )
     print()
 
@@ -702,7 +704,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
 
     rc = run_external_process("esphome", "config", new_path)
     if rc != 0:
-        print(color(Fore.BOLD_RED, "Rename failed. Reverting changes."))
+        print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_RED, "Rename failed. Reverting changes."))
         os.remove(new_path)
         return 1
 
@@ -728,7 +730,7 @@ def command_rename(args, config):
     if CORE.config_path != new_path:
         os.remove(CORE.config_path)
 
-    print(color(Fore.BOLD_GREEN, "SUCCESS"))
+    print(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_GREEN, "SUCCESS"))
     print()
     return 0
 

esphome/components/airthings_wave_base/__init__.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ AirthingsWaveBase = airthings_wave_base_ns.class_(
 
 
 BASE_SCHEMA = (
-    sensor.SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(
+    cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PERCENT,

esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CODE,
+    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
+    CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_ON_STATE,
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import setup_entity
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@grahambrown11", "@hwstar"]
@@ -78,12 +81,11 @@ AlarmControlPanelCondition = alarm_control_panel_ns.class_(
     "AlarmControlPanelCondition", automation.Condition
 )
 
-ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA = (
+_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(AlarmControlPanel),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(
                 mqtt.MQTTAlarmControlPanelComponent
             ),
@@ -146,6 +148,33 @@ ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA = (
     )
 )
 
+
+def alarm_control_panel_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+    *,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
+    }
+
+    for key, default, validator in [
+        (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
+        (CONF_ICON, icon, cv.icon),
+    ]:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
+            schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
+
+    return _ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA = alarm_control_panel_schema(AlarmControlPanel)
+ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA.add_extra(
+    cv.deprecated_schema_constant("alarm_control_panel")
+)
+
 ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(AlarmControlPanel),
@@ -209,6 +238,12 @@ async def register_alarm_control_panel(var, config):
     await setup_alarm_control_panel_core_(var, config)
 
 
+async def new_alarm_control_panel(config, *args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
+    await register_alarm_control_panel(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
 @automation.register_action(
     "alarm_control_panel.arm_away", ArmAwayAction, ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )

esphome/components/am43/cover/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, cover
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PIN
+from esphome.const import CONF_PIN
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@buxtronix"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ Am43Component = am43_ns.class_(
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+    cover.cover_schema(Am43Component)
+    .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Am43Component),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PIN, default=8888): cv.int_range(min=0, max=0xFFFF),
             cv.Optional(CONF_INVERT_POSITION, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
@@ -28,9 +28,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     cg.add(var.set_pin(config[CONF_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_invert_position(config[CONF_INVERT_POSITION]))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await cover.register_cover(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)

esphome/components/anova/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, climate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
+from esphome.const import CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT
 
 UNITS = {
     "f": "f",
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ Anova = anova_ns.class_(
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(
+    climate.climate_schema(Anova)
+    .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Anova),
             cv.Required(CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT): cv.enum(UNITS),
         }
     )
@@ -29,8 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await climate.register_climate(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_unit_of_measurement(config[CONF_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT]))

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -33,23 +33,24 @@ service APIConnection {
   rpc execute_service (ExecuteServiceRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc noise_encryption_set_key (NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest) returns (NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse) {}
 
-  rpc cover_command (CoverCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc fan_command (FanCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc light_command (LightCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc switch_command (SwitchCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc button_command (ButtonCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc camera_image (CameraImageRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc climate_command (ClimateCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc number_command (NumberCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc text_command (TextCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc select_command (SelectCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc button_command (ButtonCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc lock_command (LockCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc valve_command (ValveCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc media_player_command (MediaPlayerCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc cover_command (CoverCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc date_command (DateCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
-  rpc time_command (TimeCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc datetime_command (DateTimeCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc fan_command (FanCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc light_command (LightCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc lock_command (LockCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc media_player_command (MediaPlayerCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc number_command (NumberCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc select_command (SelectCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc siren_command (SirenCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc switch_command (SwitchCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc text_command (TextCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc time_command (TimeCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc update_command (UpdateCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
+  rpc valve_command (ValveCommandRequest) returns (void) {}
 
   rpc subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest) returns (void) {}
   rpc bluetooth_device_request(BluetoothDeviceRequest) returns (void) {}
@@ -655,7 +656,7 @@ message SubscribeLogsResponse {
   option (no_delay) = false;
 
   LogLevel level = 1;
-  string message = 3;
+  bytes message = 3;
   bool send_failed = 4;
 }
 
@@ -911,6 +912,7 @@ message ClimateStateResponse {
   float target_temperature = 4;
   float target_temperature_low = 5;
   float target_temperature_high = 6;
+  // For older peers, equal to preset == CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY
   bool unused_legacy_away = 7;
   ClimateAction action = 8;
   ClimateFanMode fan_mode = 9;
@@ -936,6 +938,7 @@ message ClimateCommandRequest {
   float target_temperature_low = 7;
   bool has_target_temperature_high = 8;
   float target_temperature_high = 9;
+  // legacy, for older peers, newer ones should use CLIMATE_PRESET_AWAY in preset
   bool unused_has_legacy_away = 10;
   bool unused_legacy_away = 11;
   bool has_fan_mode = 12;
@@ -1038,6 +1041,49 @@ message SelectCommandRequest {
   string state = 2;
 }
 
+// ==================== SIREN ====================
+message ListEntitiesSirenResponse {
+  option (id) = 55;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SIREN";
+
+  string object_id = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 2;
+  string name = 3;
+  string unique_id = 4;
+
+  string icon = 5;
+  bool disabled_by_default = 6;
+  repeated string tones = 7;
+  bool supports_duration = 8;
+  bool supports_volume = 9;
+  EntityCategory entity_category = 10;
+}
+message SirenStateResponse {
+  option (id) = 56;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SIREN";
+  option (no_delay) = true;
+
+  fixed32 key = 1;
+  bool state = 2;
+}
+message SirenCommandRequest {
+  option (id) = 57;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_SIREN";
+  option (no_delay) = true;
+
+  fixed32 key = 1;
+  bool has_state = 2;
+  bool state = 3;
+  bool has_tone = 4;
+  string tone = 5;
+  bool has_duration = 6;
+  uint32 duration = 7;
+  bool has_volume = 8;
+  float volume = 9;
+}
 
 // ==================== LOCK ====================
 enum LockState {
@@ -1207,8 +1253,8 @@ message SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest {
 
 message BluetoothServiceData {
   string uuid = 1;
-  repeated uint32 legacy_data = 2 [deprecated = true];
-  bytes data = 3; // Changed in proto version 1.7
+  repeated uint32 legacy_data = 2 [deprecated = true];  // Removed in api version 1.7
+  bytes data = 3;  // Added in api version 1.7
 }
 message BluetoothLEAdvertisementResponse {
   option (id) = 67;
@@ -1217,7 +1263,7 @@ message BluetoothLEAdvertisementResponse {
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
   uint64 address = 1;
-  string name = 2;
+  bytes name = 2;
   sint32 rssi = 3;
 
   repeated string service_uuids = 4;
@@ -1504,7 +1550,7 @@ message BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest {
   BluetoothScannerMode mode = 1;
 }
 
-// ==================== PUSH TO TALK ====================
+// ==================== VOICE ASSISTANT ====================
 enum VoiceAssistantSubscribeFlag {
   VOICE_ASSISTANT_SUBSCRIBE_NONE = 0;
   VOICE_ASSISTANT_SUBSCRIBE_API_AUDIO = 1;

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -8,13 +8,17 @@
 #include "api_server.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace api {
 
-using send_message_t = bool(APIConnection *, void *);
+// Keepalive timeout in milliseconds
+static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;
+
+using send_message_t = bool (APIConnection::*)(void *);
 
 /*
   This class holds a pointer to the source component that wants to publish a message, and a pointer to a function that
@@ -30,10 +34,10 @@ class DeferredMessageQueue {
 
    protected:
     void *source_;
-    send_message_t *send_message_;
+    send_message_t send_message_;
 
    public:
-    DeferredMessage(void *source, send_message_t *send_message) : source_(source), send_message_(send_message) {}
+    DeferredMessage(void *source, send_message_t send_message) : source_(source), send_message_(send_message) {}
     bool operator==(const DeferredMessage &test) const {
       return (source_ == test.source_ && send_message_ == test.send_message_);
     }
@@ -46,12 +50,13 @@ class DeferredMessageQueue {
   APIConnection *api_connection_;
 
   // helper for allowing only unique entries in the queue
-  void dmq_push_back_with_dedup_(void *source, send_message_t *send_message);
+  void dmq_push_back_with_dedup_(void *source, send_message_t send_message);
 
  public:
   DeferredMessageQueue(APIConnection *api_connection) : api_connection_(api_connection) {}
   void process_queue();
-  void defer(void *source, send_message_t *send_message);
+  void defer(void *source, send_message_t send_message);
+  bool empty() const { return deferred_queue_.empty(); }
 };
 
 class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
@@ -69,137 +74,213 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
   bool send_binary_sensor_state(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor, bool state);
   void send_binary_sensor_info(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor);
-  static bool try_send_binary_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_binary_sensor);
-  static bool try_send_binary_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor, bool state);
-  static bool try_send_binary_sensor_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_binary_sensor);
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_binary_sensor_state_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor);
+  bool try_send_binary_sensor_state_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor, bool state);
+  bool try_send_binary_sensor_info_(binary_sensor::BinarySensor *binary_sensor);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_COVER
   bool send_cover_state(cover::Cover *cover);
   void send_cover_info(cover::Cover *cover);
-  static bool try_send_cover_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_cover);
-  static bool try_send_cover_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_cover);
   void cover_command(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_cover_state_(cover::Cover *cover);
+  bool try_send_cover_info_(cover::Cover *cover);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_FAN
   bool send_fan_state(fan::Fan *fan);
   void send_fan_info(fan::Fan *fan);
-  static bool try_send_fan_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_fan);
-  static bool try_send_fan_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_fan);
   void fan_command(const FanCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_fan_state_(fan::Fan *fan);
+  bool try_send_fan_info_(fan::Fan *fan);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LIGHT
   bool send_light_state(light::LightState *light);
   void send_light_info(light::LightState *light);
-  static bool try_send_light_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_light);
-  static bool try_send_light_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_light);
   void light_command(const LightCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_light_state_(light::LightState *light);
+  bool try_send_light_info_(light::LightState *light);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   bool send_sensor_state(sensor::Sensor *sensor, float state);
   void send_sensor_info(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
-  static bool try_send_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_sensor);
-  static bool try_send_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, sensor::Sensor *sensor, float state);
-  static bool try_send_sensor_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_sensor);
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_sensor_state_(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
+  bool try_send_sensor_state_(sensor::Sensor *sensor, float state);
+  bool try_send_sensor_info_(sensor::Sensor *sensor);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
   bool send_switch_state(switch_::Switch *a_switch, bool state);
   void send_switch_info(switch_::Switch *a_switch);
-  static bool try_send_switch_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_switch);
-  static bool try_send_switch_state(APIConnection *api, switch_::Switch *a_switch, bool state);
-  static bool try_send_switch_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_switch);
   void switch_command(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_switch_state_(switch_::Switch *a_switch);
+  bool try_send_switch_state_(switch_::Switch *a_switch, bool state);
+  bool try_send_switch_info_(switch_::Switch *a_switch);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   bool send_text_sensor_state(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor, std::string state);
   void send_text_sensor_info(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor);
-  static bool try_send_text_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_text_sensor);
-  static bool try_send_text_sensor_state(APIConnection *api, text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor, std::string state);
-  static bool try_send_text_sensor_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_text_sensor);
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_text_sensor_state_(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor);
+  bool try_send_text_sensor_state_(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor, std::string state);
+  bool try_send_text_sensor_info_(text_sensor::TextSensor *text_sensor);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
   void set_camera_state(std::shared_ptr<esp32_camera::CameraImage> image);
   void send_camera_info(esp32_camera::ESP32Camera *camera);
-  static bool try_send_camera_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_camera);
   void camera_image(const CameraImageRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_camera_info_(esp32_camera::ESP32Camera *camera);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
   bool send_climate_state(climate::Climate *climate);
   void send_climate_info(climate::Climate *climate);
-  static bool try_send_climate_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_climate);
-  static bool try_send_climate_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_climate);
   void climate_command(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_climate_state_(climate::Climate *climate);
+  bool try_send_climate_info_(climate::Climate *climate);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   bool send_number_state(number::Number *number, float state);
   void send_number_info(number::Number *number);
-  static bool try_send_number_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_number);
-  static bool try_send_number_state(APIConnection *api, number::Number *number, float state);
-  static bool try_send_number_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_number);
   void number_command(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_number_state_(number::Number *number);
+  bool try_send_number_state_(number::Number *number, float state);
+  bool try_send_number_info_(number::Number *number);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
   bool send_date_state(datetime::DateEntity *date);
   void send_date_info(datetime::DateEntity *date);
-  static bool try_send_date_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_date);
-  static bool try_send_date_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_date);
   void date_command(const DateCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_date_state_(datetime::DateEntity *date);
+  bool try_send_date_info_(datetime::DateEntity *date);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
   bool send_time_state(datetime::TimeEntity *time);
   void send_time_info(datetime::TimeEntity *time);
-  static bool try_send_time_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_time);
-  static bool try_send_time_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_time);
   void time_command(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_time_state_(datetime::TimeEntity *time);
+  bool try_send_time_info_(datetime::TimeEntity *time);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
   bool send_datetime_state(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime);
   void send_datetime_info(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime);
-  static bool try_send_datetime_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_datetime);
-  static bool try_send_datetime_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_datetime);
   void datetime_command(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_datetime_state_(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime);
+  bool try_send_datetime_info_(datetime::DateTimeEntity *datetime);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
   bool send_text_state(text::Text *text, std::string state);
   void send_text_info(text::Text *text);
-  static bool try_send_text_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_text);
-  static bool try_send_text_state(APIConnection *api, text::Text *text, std::string state);
-  static bool try_send_text_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_text);
   void text_command(const TextCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_text_state_(text::Text *text);
+  bool try_send_text_state_(text::Text *text, std::string state);
+  bool try_send_text_info_(text::Text *text);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
   bool send_select_state(select::Select *select, std::string state);
   void send_select_info(select::Select *select);
-  static bool try_send_select_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_select);
-  static bool try_send_select_state(APIConnection *api, select::Select *select, std::string state);
-  static bool try_send_select_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_select);
   void select_command(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_select_state_(select::Select *select);
+  bool try_send_select_state_(select::Select *select, std::string state);
+  bool try_send_select_info_(select::Select *select);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BUTTON
   void send_button_info(button::Button *button);
-  static bool try_send_button_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_button);
   void button_command(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_button_info_(button::Button *button);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
   bool send_lock_state(lock::Lock *a_lock, lock::LockState state);
   void send_lock_info(lock::Lock *a_lock);
-  static bool try_send_lock_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_lock);
-  static bool try_send_lock_state(APIConnection *api, lock::Lock *a_lock, lock::LockState state);
-  static bool try_send_lock_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_lock);
   void lock_command(const LockCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_lock_state_(lock::Lock *a_lock);
+  bool try_send_lock_state_(lock::Lock *a_lock, lock::LockState state);
+  bool try_send_lock_info_(lock::Lock *a_lock);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VALVE
   bool send_valve_state(valve::Valve *valve);
   void send_valve_info(valve::Valve *valve);
-  static bool try_send_valve_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_valve);
-  static bool try_send_valve_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_valve);
   void valve_command(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_valve_state_(valve::Valve *valve);
+  bool try_send_valve_info_(valve::Valve *valve);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
   bool send_media_player_state(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player);
   void send_media_player_info(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player);
-  static bool try_send_media_player_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_media_player);
-  static bool try_send_media_player_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_media_player);
   void media_player_command(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_media_player_state_(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player);
+  bool try_send_media_player_info_(media_player::MediaPlayer *media_player);
+
+ public:
 #endif
   bool try_send_log_message(int level, const char *tag, const char *line);
   void send_homeassistant_service_call(const HomeassistantServiceResponse &call) {
@@ -246,25 +327,37 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
   bool send_alarm_control_panel_state(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel);
   void send_alarm_control_panel_info(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel);
-  static bool try_send_alarm_control_panel_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_alarm_control_panel);
-  static bool try_send_alarm_control_panel_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_a_alarm_control_panel);
   void alarm_control_panel_command(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_alarm_control_panel_state_(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel);
+  bool try_send_alarm_control_panel_info_(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *a_alarm_control_panel);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   void send_event(event::Event *event, std::string event_type);
   void send_event_info(event::Event *event);
-  static bool try_send_event(APIConnection *api, void *v_event);
-  static bool try_send_event(APIConnection *api, event::Event *event, std::string event_type);
-  static bool try_send_event_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_event);
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_event_(event::Event *event);
+  bool try_send_event_(event::Event *event, std::string event_type);
+  bool try_send_event_info_(event::Event *event);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   bool send_update_state(update::UpdateEntity *update);
   void send_update_info(update::UpdateEntity *update);
-  static bool try_send_update_state(APIConnection *api, void *v_update);
-  static bool try_send_update_info(APIConnection *api, void *v_update);
   void update_command(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) override;
+
+ protected:
+  bool try_send_update_state_(update::UpdateEntity *update);
+  bool try_send_update_info_(update::UpdateEntity *update);
+
+ public:
 #endif
 
   void on_disconnect_response(const DisconnectResponse &value) override;
@@ -315,9 +408,17 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
   ProtoWriteBuffer create_buffer(uint32_t reserve_size) override {
     // FIXME: ensure no recursive writes can happen
     this->proto_write_buffer_.clear();
-    this->proto_write_buffer_.reserve(reserve_size);
+    // Get header padding size - used for both reserve and insert
+    uint8_t header_padding = this->helper_->frame_header_padding();
+    // Reserve space for header padding + message + footer
+    // - Header padding: space for protocol headers (7 bytes for Noise, 6 for Plaintext)
+    // - Footer: space for MAC (16 bytes for Noise, 0 for Plaintext)
+    this->proto_write_buffer_.reserve(reserve_size + header_padding + this->helper_->frame_footer_size());
+    // Insert header padding bytes so message encoding starts at the correct position
+    this->proto_write_buffer_.insert(this->proto_write_buffer_.begin(), header_padding, 0);
     return {&this->proto_write_buffer_};
   }
+  bool try_to_clear_buffer(bool log_out_of_space);
   bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint32_t message_type) override;
 
   std::string get_client_combined_info() const { return this->client_combined_info_; }
@@ -325,6 +426,99 @@ class APIConnection : public APIServerConnection {
  protected:
   friend APIServer;
 
+  /**
+   * Generic send entity state method to reduce code duplication.
+   * Only attempts to build and send the message if the transmit buffer is available.
+   *
+   * This is the base version for entities that use their current state.
+   *
+   * @param entity The entity to send state for
+   * @param try_send_func The function that tries to send the state
+   * @return True on success or message deferred, false if subscription check failed
+   */
+  bool send_state_(esphome::EntityBase *entity, send_message_t try_send_func) {
+    if (!this->state_subscription_)
+      return false;
+    if (this->try_to_clear_buffer(true) && (this->*try_send_func)(entity)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    this->deferred_message_queue_.defer(entity, try_send_func);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send entity state method that handles explicit state values.
+   * Only attempts to build and send the message if the transmit buffer is available.
+   *
+   * This method accepts a state parameter to be used instead of the entity's current state.
+   * It attempts to send the state with the provided value first, and if that fails due to buffer constraints,
+   * it defers the entity for later processing using the entity-only function.
+   *
+   * @tparam EntityT The entity type
+   * @tparam StateT Type of the state parameter
+   * @tparam Args Additional argument types (if any)
+   * @param entity The entity to send state for
+   * @param try_send_entity_func The function that tries to send the state with entity pointer only
+   * @param try_send_state_func The function that tries to send the state with entity and state parameters
+   * @param state The state value to send
+   * @param args Additional arguments to pass to the try_send_state_func
+   * @return True on success or message deferred, false if subscription check failed
+   */
+  template<typename EntityT, typename StateT, typename... Args>
+  bool send_state_with_value_(EntityT *entity, bool (APIConnection::*try_send_entity_func)(EntityT *),
+                              bool (APIConnection::*try_send_state_func)(EntityT *, StateT, Args...), StateT state,
+                              Args... args) {
+    if (!this->state_subscription_)
+      return false;
+    if (this->try_to_clear_buffer(true) && (this->*try_send_state_func)(entity, state, args...)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    this->deferred_message_queue_.defer(entity, reinterpret_cast<send_message_t>(try_send_entity_func));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generic send entity info method to reduce code duplication.
+   * Only attempts to build and send the message if the transmit buffer is available.
+   *
+   * @param entity The entity to send info for
+   * @param try_send_func The function that tries to send the info
+   */
+  void send_info_(esphome::EntityBase *entity, send_message_t try_send_func) {
+    if (this->try_to_clear_buffer(true) && (this->*try_send_func)(entity)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this->deferred_message_queue_.defer(entity, try_send_func);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generic function for generating entity info response messages.
+   * This is used to reduce duplication in the try_send_*_info functions.
+   *
+   * @param entity The entity to generate info for
+   * @param response The response object
+   * @param send_response_func Function pointer to send the response
+   * @return True if the message was sent successfully
+   */
+  template<typename ResponseT>
+  bool try_send_entity_info_(esphome::EntityBase *entity, ResponseT &response,
+                             bool (APIServerConnectionBase::*send_response_func)(const ResponseT &)) {
+    // Set common fields that are shared by all entity types
+    response.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
+    response.object_id = entity->get_object_id();
+
+    if (entity->has_own_name())
+      response.name = entity->get_name();
+
+    // Set common EntityBase properties
+    response.icon = entity->get_icon();
+    response.disabled_by_default = entity->is_disabled_by_default();
+    response.entity_category = static_cast<enums::EntityCategory>(entity->get_entity_category());
+
+    // Send the response using the provided send method
+    return (this->*send_response_func)(response);
+  }
+
   bool send_(const void *buf, size_t len, bool force);
 
   enum class ConnectionState {

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp

@@ -73,6 +73,91 @@ const char *api_error_to_str(APIError err) {
   return "UNKNOWN";
 }
 
+// Common implementation for writing raw data to socket
+template<typename StateEnum>
+APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket,
+                                    std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf, const std::string &info, StateEnum &state,
+                                    StateEnum failed_state) {
+  // This method writes data to socket or buffers it
+  // Returns APIError::OK if successful (or would block, but data has been buffered)
+  // Returns APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED if socket write failed, and sets state to failed_state
+
+  if (iovcnt == 0)
+    return APIError::OK;  // Nothing to do, success
+
+  size_t total_write_len = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+#ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s",
+              format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len).c_str());
+#endif
+    total_write_len += iov[i].iov_len;
+  }
+
+  if (!tx_buf.empty()) {
+    // try to empty tx_buf first
+    while (!tx_buf.empty()) {
+      ssize_t sent = socket->write(tx_buf.data(), tx_buf.size());
+      if (is_would_block(sent)) {
+        break;
+      } else if (sent == -1) {
+        ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Socket write failed with errno %d", info.c_str(), errno);
+        state = failed_state;
+        return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;  // Socket write failed
+      }
+      // TODO: inefficient if multiple packets in txbuf
+      // replace with deque of buffers
+      tx_buf.erase(tx_buf.begin(), tx_buf.begin() + sent);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!tx_buf.empty()) {
+    // tx buf not empty, can't write now because then stream would be inconsistent
+    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
+    tx_buf.reserve(tx_buf.size() + total_write_len);
+    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+      tx_buf.insert(tx_buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
+                    reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
+    }
+    return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
+  }
+
+  ssize_t sent = socket->writev(iov, iovcnt);
+  if (is_would_block(sent)) {
+    // operation would block, add buffer to tx_buf
+    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
+    tx_buf.reserve(tx_buf.size() + total_write_len);
+    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+      tx_buf.insert(tx_buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
+                    reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
+    }
+    return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
+  } else if (sent == -1) {
+    // an error occurred
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: Socket write failed with errno %d", info.c_str(), errno);
+    state = failed_state;
+    return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;  // Socket write failed
+  } else if ((size_t) sent != total_write_len) {
+    // partially sent, add end to tx_buf
+    size_t remaining = total_write_len - sent;
+    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
+    tx_buf.reserve(tx_buf.size() + remaining);
+
+    size_t to_consume = sent;
+    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
+      if (to_consume >= iov[i].iov_len) {
+        to_consume -= iov[i].iov_len;
+      } else {
+        tx_buf.insert(tx_buf.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + to_consume,
+                      reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
+        to_consume = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    return APIError::OK;  // Success, data buffered
+  }
+  return APIError::OK;  // Success, all data sent
+}
+
 #define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: " msg, info_.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 // uncomment to log raw packets
 //#define HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
@@ -408,9 +493,12 @@ void APINoiseFrameHelper::send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const std::string &rea
   std::vector<uint8_t> data;
   data.resize(reason.length() + 1);
   data[0] = 0x01;  // failure
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < reason.length(); i++) {
-    data[i + 1] = (uint8_t) reason[i];
+
+  // Copy error message in bulk
+  if (!reason.empty()) {
+    std::memcpy(data.data() + 1, reason.c_str(), reason.length());
   }
+
   // temporarily remove failed state
   auto orig_state = state_;
   state_ = State::EXPLICIT_REJECT;
@@ -472,7 +560,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 bool APINoiseFrameHelper::can_write_without_blocking() { return state_ == State::DATA && tx_buf_.empty(); }
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payload_len) {
+APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
   int err;
   APIError aerr;
   aerr = state_action_();
@@ -484,31 +572,36 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload
     return APIError::WOULD_BLOCK;
   }
 
+  std::vector<uint8_t> *raw_buffer = buffer.get_buffer();
+  // Message data starts after padding
+  size_t payload_len = raw_buffer->size() - frame_header_padding_;
   size_t padding = 0;
   size_t msg_len = 4 + payload_len + padding;
-  size_t frame_len = 3 + msg_len + noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(send_cipher_);
-  auto tmpbuf = std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>{new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[frame_len]};
-  if (tmpbuf == nullptr) {
-    HELPER_LOG("Could not allocate for writing packet");
-    return APIError::OUT_OF_MEMORY;
-  }
 
-  tmpbuf[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
-  // tmpbuf[1], tmpbuf[2] to be set later
+  // We need to resize to include MAC space, but we already reserved it in create_buffer
+  raw_buffer->resize(raw_buffer->size() + frame_footer_size_);
+
+  // Write the noise header in the padded area
+  // Buffer layout:
+  // [0]    - 0x01 indicator byte
+  // [1-2]  - Size of encrypted payload (filled after encryption)
+  // [3-4]  - Message type (encrypted)
+  // [5-6]  - Payload length (encrypted)
+  // [7...] - Actual payload data (encrypted)
+  uint8_t *buf_start = raw_buffer->data();
+  buf_start[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
+  // buf_start[1], buf_start[2] to be set later after encryption
   const uint8_t msg_offset = 3;
-  const uint8_t payload_offset = msg_offset + 4;
-  tmpbuf[msg_offset + 0] = (uint8_t) (type >> 8);  // type
-  tmpbuf[msg_offset + 1] = (uint8_t) type;
-  tmpbuf[msg_offset + 2] = (uint8_t) (payload_len >> 8);  // data_len
-  tmpbuf[msg_offset + 3] = (uint8_t) payload_len;
-  // copy data
-  std::copy(payload, payload + payload_len, &tmpbuf[payload_offset]);
-  // fill padding with zeros
-  std::fill(&tmpbuf[payload_offset + payload_len], &tmpbuf[frame_len], 0);
+  buf_start[msg_offset + 0] = (uint8_t) (type >> 8);         // type high byte
+  buf_start[msg_offset + 1] = (uint8_t) type;                // type low byte
+  buf_start[msg_offset + 2] = (uint8_t) (payload_len >> 8);  // data_len high byte
+  buf_start[msg_offset + 3] = (uint8_t) payload_len;         // data_len low byte
+  // payload data is already in the buffer starting at position 7
 
   NoiseBuffer mbuf;
   noise_buffer_init(mbuf);
-  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, &tmpbuf[msg_offset], msg_len, frame_len - msg_offset);
+  // The capacity parameter should be msg_len + frame_footer_size_ (MAC length) to allow space for encryption
+  noise_buffer_set_inout(mbuf, buf_start + msg_offset, msg_len, msg_len + frame_footer_size_);
   err = noise_cipherstate_encrypt(send_cipher_, &mbuf);
   if (err != 0) {
     state_ = State::FAILED;
@@ -517,11 +610,13 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload
   }
 
   size_t total_len = 3 + mbuf.size;
-  tmpbuf[1] = (uint8_t) (mbuf.size >> 8);
-  tmpbuf[2] = (uint8_t) mbuf.size;
+  buf_start[1] = (uint8_t) (mbuf.size >> 8);
+  buf_start[2] = (uint8_t) mbuf.size;
 
   struct iovec iov;
-  iov.iov_base = &tmpbuf[0];
+  // Point iov_base to the beginning of the buffer (no unused padding in Noise)
+  // We send the entire frame: indicator + size + encrypted(type + data_len + payload + MAC)
+  iov.iov_base = buf_start;
   iov.iov_len = total_len;
 
   // write raw to not have two packets sent if NAGLE disabled
@@ -547,79 +642,6 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_send_tx_buf_() {
 
   return APIError::OK;
 }
-/** Write the data to the socket, or buffer it a write would block
- *
- * @param data The data to write
- * @param len The length of data
- */
-APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
-  if (iovcnt == 0)
-    return APIError::OK;
-  APIError aerr;
-
-  size_t total_write_len = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-#ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s",
-              format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len).c_str());
-#endif
-    total_write_len += iov[i].iov_len;
-  }
-
-  if (!tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    // try to empty tx_buf_ first
-    aerr = try_send_tx_buf_();
-    if (aerr != APIError::OK && aerr != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK)
-      return aerr;
-  }
-
-  if (!tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    // tx buf not empty, can't write now because then stream would be inconsistent
-    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
-    tx_buf_.reserve(tx_buf_.size() + total_write_len);
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
-                     reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  }
-
-  ssize_t sent = socket_->writev(iov, iovcnt);
-  if (is_would_block(sent)) {
-    // operation would block, add buffer to tx_buf
-    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
-    tx_buf_.reserve(tx_buf_.size() + total_write_len);
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
-                     reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  } else if (sent == -1) {
-    // an error occurred
-    state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Socket write failed with errno %d", errno);
-    return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;
-  } else if ((size_t) sent != total_write_len) {
-    // partially sent, add end to tx_buf
-    size_t remaining = total_write_len - sent;
-    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
-    tx_buf_.reserve(tx_buf_.size() + remaining);
-
-    size_t to_consume = sent;
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      if (to_consume >= iov[i].iov_len) {
-        to_consume -= iov[i].iov_len;
-      } else {
-        tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + to_consume,
-                       reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-        to_consume = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  }
-  // fully sent
-  return APIError::OK;
-}
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
   uint8_t header[3];
   header[0] = 0x01;  // indicator
@@ -706,6 +728,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::check_handshake_finished_() {
     return APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SPLIT_FAILED;
   }
 
+  frame_footer_size_ = noise_cipherstate_get_mac_length(send_cipher_);
+
   HELPER_LOG("Handshake complete!");
   noise_handshakestate_free(handshake_);
   handshake_ = nullptr;
@@ -753,6 +777,11 @@ void noise_rand_bytes(void *output, size_t len) {
   }
 }
 }
+
+// Explicit template instantiation for Noise
+template APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_<APINoiseFrameHelper::State>(
+    const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf_, const std::string &info,
+    APINoiseFrameHelper::State &state, APINoiseFrameHelper::State failed_state);
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 
 #ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
@@ -813,6 +842,10 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
   // read header
   while (!rx_header_parsed_) {
     uint8_t data;
+    // Reading one byte at a time is fastest in practice for ESP32 when
+    // there is no data on the wire (which is the common case).
+    // This results in faster failure detection compared to
+    // attempting to read multiple bytes at once.
     ssize_t received = socket_->read(&data, 1);
     if (received == -1) {
       if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN) {
@@ -826,27 +859,60 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
       HELPER_LOG("Connection closed");
       return APIError::CONNECTION_CLOSED;
     }
-    rx_header_buf_.push_back(data);
 
-    // try parse header
-    if (rx_header_buf_[0] != 0x00) {
-      state_ = State::FAILED;
-      HELPER_LOG("Bad indicator byte %u", rx_header_buf_[0]);
-      return APIError::BAD_INDICATOR;
+    // Successfully read a byte
+
+    // Process byte according to current buffer position
+    if (rx_header_buf_pos_ == 0) {  // Case 1: First byte (indicator byte)
+      if (data != 0x00) {
+        state_ = State::FAILED;
+        HELPER_LOG("Bad indicator byte %u", data);
+        return APIError::BAD_INDICATOR;
+      }
+      // We don't store the indicator byte, just increment position
+      rx_header_buf_pos_ = 1;  // Set to 1 directly
+      continue;                // Need more bytes before we can parse
     }
 
-    size_t i = 1;
+    // Check buffer overflow before storing
+    if (rx_header_buf_pos_ == 5) {  // Case 2: Buffer would overflow (5 bytes is max allowed)
+      state_ = State::FAILED;
+      HELPER_LOG("Header buffer overflow");
+      return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
+    }
+
+    // Store byte in buffer (adjust index to account for skipped indicator byte)
+    rx_header_buf_[rx_header_buf_pos_ - 1] = data;
+
+    // Increment position after storing
+    rx_header_buf_pos_++;
+
+    // Case 3: If we only have one varint byte, we need more
+    if (rx_header_buf_pos_ == 2) {  // Have read indicator + 1 byte
+      continue;                     // Need more bytes before we can parse
+    }
+
+    // At this point, we have at least 3 bytes total:
+    //   - Validated indicator byte (0x00) but not stored
+    //   - At least 2 bytes in the buffer for the varints
+    // Buffer layout:
+    //   First 1-3 bytes: Message size varint (variable length)
+    //     - 2 bytes would only allow up to 16383, which is less than noise's 65535
+    //     - 3 bytes allows up to 2097151, ensuring we support at least as much as noise
+    //   Remaining 1-2 bytes: Message type varint (variable length)
+    // We now attempt to parse both varints. If either is incomplete,
+    // we'll continue reading more bytes.
+
     uint32_t consumed = 0;
-    auto msg_size_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[i], rx_header_buf_.size() - i, &consumed);
+    auto msg_size_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[0], rx_header_buf_pos_ - 1, &consumed);
     if (!msg_size_varint.has_value()) {
       // not enough data there yet
       continue;
     }
 
-    i += consumed;
     rx_header_parsed_len_ = msg_size_varint->as_uint32();
 
-    auto msg_type_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[i], rx_header_buf_.size() - i, &consumed);
+    auto msg_type_varint = ProtoVarInt::parse(&rx_header_buf_[consumed], rx_header_buf_pos_ - 1 - consumed, &consumed);
     if (!msg_type_varint.has_value()) {
       // not enough data there yet
       continue;
@@ -892,7 +958,7 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame) {
   // consume msg
   rx_buf_ = {};
   rx_buf_len_ = 0;
-  rx_header_buf_.clear();
+  rx_header_buf_pos_ = 0;
   rx_header_parsed_ = false;
   return APIError::OK;
 }
@@ -936,28 +1002,66 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
   return APIError::OK;
 }
 bool APIPlaintextFrameHelper::can_write_without_blocking() { return state_ == State::DATA && tx_buf_.empty(); }
-APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t payload_len) {
+APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) {
   if (state_ != State::DATA) {
     return APIError::BAD_STATE;
   }
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> header;
-  header.reserve(1 + api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(payload_len)) +
-                 api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(type)));
-  header.push_back(0x00);
-  ProtoVarInt(payload_len).encode(header);
-  ProtoVarInt(type).encode(header);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> *raw_buffer = buffer.get_buffer();
+  // Message data starts after padding (frame_header_padding_ = 6)
+  size_t payload_len = raw_buffer->size() - frame_header_padding_;
 
-  struct iovec iov[2];
-  iov[0].iov_base = &header[0];
-  iov[0].iov_len = header.size();
-  if (payload_len == 0) {
-    return write_raw_(iov, 1);
+  // Calculate varint sizes for header components
+  size_t size_varint_len = api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(payload_len));
+  size_t type_varint_len = api::ProtoSize::varint(static_cast<uint32_t>(type));
+  size_t total_header_len = 1 + size_varint_len + type_varint_len;
+
+  if (total_header_len > frame_header_padding_) {
+    // Header is too large to fit in the padding
+    return APIError::BAD_ARG;
   }
-  iov[1].iov_base = const_cast<uint8_t *>(payload);
-  iov[1].iov_len = payload_len;
 
-  return write_raw_(iov, 2);
+  // Calculate where to start writing the header
+  // The header starts at the latest possible position to minimize unused padding
+  //
+  // Example 1 (small values): total_header_len = 3, header_offset = 6 - 3 = 3
+  // [0-2]  - Unused padding
+  // [3]    - 0x00 indicator byte
+  // [4]    - Payload size varint (1 byte, for sizes 0-127)
+  // [5]    - Message type varint (1 byte, for types 0-127)
+  // [6...] - Actual payload data
+  //
+  // Example 2 (medium values): total_header_len = 4, header_offset = 6 - 4 = 2
+  // [0-1]  - Unused padding
+  // [2]    - 0x00 indicator byte
+  // [3-4]  - Payload size varint (2 bytes, for sizes 128-16383)
+  // [5]    - Message type varint (1 byte, for types 0-127)
+  // [6...] - Actual payload data
+  //
+  // Example 3 (large values): total_header_len = 6, header_offset = 6 - 6 = 0
+  // [0]    - 0x00 indicator byte
+  // [1-3]  - Payload size varint (3 bytes, for sizes 16384-2097151)
+  // [4-5]  - Message type varint (2 bytes, for types 128-32767)
+  // [6...] - Actual payload data
+  uint8_t *buf_start = raw_buffer->data();
+  size_t header_offset = frame_header_padding_ - total_header_len;
+
+  // Write the plaintext header
+  buf_start[header_offset] = 0x00;  // indicator
+
+  // Encode size varint directly into buffer
+  ProtoVarInt(payload_len).encode_to_buffer_unchecked(buf_start + header_offset + 1, size_varint_len);
+
+  // Encode type varint directly into buffer
+  ProtoVarInt(type).encode_to_buffer_unchecked(buf_start + header_offset + 1 + size_varint_len, type_varint_len);
+
+  struct iovec iov;
+  // Point iov_base to the beginning of our header (skip unused padding)
+  // This ensures we only send the actual header and payload, not the empty padding bytes
+  iov.iov_base = buf_start + header_offset;
+  iov.iov_len = total_header_len + payload_len;
+
+  return write_raw_(&iov, 1);
 }
 APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_send_tx_buf_() {
   // try send from tx_buf
@@ -977,79 +1081,6 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_send_tx_buf_() {
 
   return APIError::OK;
 }
-/** Write the data to the socket, or buffer it a write would block
- *
- * @param data The data to write
- * @param len The length of data
- */
-APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
-  if (iovcnt == 0)
-    return APIError::OK;
-  APIError aerr;
-
-  size_t total_write_len = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-#ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s",
-              format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base), iov[i].iov_len).c_str());
-#endif
-    total_write_len += iov[i].iov_len;
-  }
-
-  if (!tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    // try to empty tx_buf_ first
-    aerr = try_send_tx_buf_();
-    if (aerr != APIError::OK && aerr != APIError::WOULD_BLOCK)
-      return aerr;
-  }
-
-  if (!tx_buf_.empty()) {
-    // tx buf not empty, can't write now because then stream would be inconsistent
-    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
-    tx_buf_.reserve(tx_buf_.size() + total_write_len);
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
-                     reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  }
-
-  ssize_t sent = socket_->writev(iov, iovcnt);
-  if (is_would_block(sent)) {
-    // operation would block, add buffer to tx_buf
-    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
-    tx_buf_.reserve(tx_buf_.size() + total_write_len);
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base),
-                     reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  } else if (sent == -1) {
-    // an error occurred
-    state_ = State::FAILED;
-    HELPER_LOG("Socket write failed with errno %d", errno);
-    return APIError::SOCKET_WRITE_FAILED;
-  } else if ((size_t) sent != total_write_len) {
-    // partially sent, add end to tx_buf
-    size_t remaining = total_write_len - sent;
-    // Reserve space upfront to avoid multiple reallocations
-    tx_buf_.reserve(tx_buf_.size() + remaining);
-
-    size_t to_consume = sent;
-    for (int i = 0; i < iovcnt; i++) {
-      if (to_consume >= iov[i].iov_len) {
-        to_consume -= iov[i].iov_len;
-      } else {
-        tx_buf_.insert(tx_buf_.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + to_consume,
-                       reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iov[i].iov_base) + iov[i].iov_len);
-        to_consume = 0;
-      }
-    }
-    return APIError::OK;
-  }
-  // fully sent
-  return APIError::OK;
-}
 
 APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::close() {
   state_ = State::CLOSED;
@@ -1067,6 +1098,11 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::shutdown(int how) {
   }
   return APIError::OK;
 }
+
+// Explicit template instantiation for Plaintext
+template APIError APIFrameHelper::write_raw_<APIPlaintextFrameHelper::State>(
+    const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf_, const std::string &info,
+    APIPlaintextFrameHelper::State &state, APIPlaintextFrameHelper::State failed_state);
 #endif  // USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 
 }  // namespace api

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace api {
 
+class ProtoWriteBuffer;
+
 struct ReadPacketBuffer {
   std::vector<uint8_t> container;
   uint16_t type;
@@ -65,26 +67,46 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   virtual APIError loop() = 0;
   virtual APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) = 0;
   virtual bool can_write_without_blocking() = 0;
-  virtual APIError write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) = 0;
+  virtual APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) = 0;
   virtual std::string getpeername() = 0;
   virtual int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) = 0;
   virtual APIError close() = 0;
   virtual APIError shutdown(int how) = 0;
   // Give this helper a name for logging
   virtual void set_log_info(std::string info) = 0;
+  // Get the frame header padding required by this protocol
+  virtual uint8_t frame_header_padding() = 0;
+  // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
+  virtual uint8_t frame_footer_size() = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  // Common implementation for writing raw data to socket
+  template<typename StateEnum>
+  APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf,
+                      const std::string &info, StateEnum &state, StateEnum failed_state);
+
+  uint8_t frame_header_padding_{0};
+  uint8_t frame_footer_size_{0};
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
  public:
   APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> ctx)
-      : socket_(std::move(socket)), ctx_(std::move(std::move(ctx))) {}
+      : socket_(std::move(socket)), ctx_(std::move(ctx)) {
+    // Noise header structure:
+    // Pos 0: indicator (0x01)
+    // Pos 1-2: encrypted payload size (16-bit big-endian)
+    // Pos 3-6: encrypted type (16-bit) + data_len (16-bit)
+    // Pos 7+: actual payload data
+    frame_header_padding_ = 7;
+  }
   ~APINoiseFrameHelper() override;
   APIError init() override;
   APIError loop() override;
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
   bool can_write_without_blocking() override;
-  APIError write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) override;
+  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
   std::string getpeername() override { return this->socket_->getpeername(); }
   int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
     return this->socket_->getpeername(addr, addrlen);
@@ -93,6 +115,10 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError shutdown(int how) override;
   // Give this helper a name for logging
   void set_log_info(std::string info) override { info_ = std::move(info); }
+  // Get the frame header padding required by this protocol
+  uint8_t frame_header_padding() override { return frame_header_padding_; }
+  // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
+  uint8_t frame_footer_size() override { return frame_footer_size_; }
 
  protected:
   struct ParsedFrame {
@@ -103,7 +129,9 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame);
   APIError try_send_tx_buf_();
   APIError write_frame_(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
-  APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt);
+  inline APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+    return APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(iov, iovcnt, socket_.get(), tx_buf_, info_, state_, State::FAILED);
+  }
   APIError init_handshake_();
   APIError check_handshake_finished_();
   void send_explicit_handshake_reject_(const std::string &reason);
@@ -111,6 +139,9 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_;
 
   std::string info_;
+  // Fixed-size header buffer for noise protocol:
+  // 1 byte for indicator + 2 bytes for message size (16-bit value, not varint)
+  // Note: Maximum message size is 65535, with a limit of 128 bytes during handshake phase
   uint8_t rx_header_buf_[3];
   size_t rx_header_buf_len_ = 0;
   std::vector<uint8_t> rx_buf_;
@@ -141,13 +172,20 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
 #ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 class APIPlaintextFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
  public:
-  APIPlaintextFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket) : socket_(std::move(socket)) {}
+  APIPlaintextFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket) : socket_(std::move(socket)) {
+    // Plaintext header structure (worst case):
+    // Pos 0: indicator (0x00)
+    // Pos 1-3: payload size varint (up to 3 bytes)
+    // Pos 4-5: message type varint (up to 2 bytes)
+    // Pos 6+: actual payload data
+    frame_header_padding_ = 6;
+  }
   ~APIPlaintextFrameHelper() override = default;
   APIError init() override;
   APIError loop() override;
   APIError read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) override;
   bool can_write_without_blocking() override;
-  APIError write_packet(uint16_t type, const uint8_t *payload, size_t len) override;
+  APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint16_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) override;
   std::string getpeername() override { return this->socket_->getpeername(); }
   int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) override {
     return this->socket_->getpeername(addr, addrlen);
@@ -156,6 +194,10 @@ class APIPlaintextFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
   APIError shutdown(int how) override;
   // Give this helper a name for logging
   void set_log_info(std::string info) override { info_ = std::move(info); }
+  // Get the frame header padding required by this protocol
+  uint8_t frame_header_padding() override { return frame_header_padding_; }
+  // Get the frame footer size required by this protocol
+  uint8_t frame_footer_size() override { return frame_footer_size_; }
 
  protected:
   struct ParsedFrame {
@@ -164,12 +206,23 @@ class APIPlaintextFrameHelper : public APIFrameHelper {
 
   APIError try_read_frame_(ParsedFrame *frame);
   APIError try_send_tx_buf_();
-  APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt);
+  inline APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt) {
+    return APIFrameHelper::write_raw_(iov, iovcnt, socket_.get(), tx_buf_, info_, state_, State::FAILED);
+  }
 
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_;
 
   std::string info_;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> rx_header_buf_;
+  // Fixed-size header buffer for plaintext protocol:
+  // We only need space for the two varints since we validate the indicator byte separately.
+  // To match noise protocol's maximum message size (65535), we need:
+  // 3 bytes for message size varint (supports up to 2097151) + 2 bytes for message type varint
+  //
+  // While varints could theoretically be up to 10 bytes each for 64-bit values,
+  // attempting to process messages with headers that large would likely crash the
+  // ESP32 due to memory constraints.
+  uint8_t rx_header_buf_[5];  // 5 bytes for varints (3 for size + 2 for type)
+  uint8_t rx_header_buf_pos_ = 0;
   bool rx_header_parsed_ = false;
   uint32_t rx_header_parsed_type_ = 0;
   uint32_t rx_header_parsed_len_ = 0;

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -5377,6 +5377,307 @@ void SelectCommandRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   out.append("}");
 }
 #endif
+bool ListEntitiesSirenResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 6: {
+      this->disabled_by_default = value.as_bool();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 8: {
+      this->supports_duration = value.as_bool();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 9: {
+      this->supports_volume = value.as_bool();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 10: {
+      this->entity_category = value.as_enum<enums::EntityCategory>();
+      return true;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+bool ListEntitiesSirenResponse::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1: {
+      this->object_id = value.as_string();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 3: {
+      this->name = value.as_string();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 4: {
+      this->unique_id = value.as_string();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 5: {
+      this->icon = value.as_string();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 7: {
+      this->tones.push_back(value.as_string());
+      return true;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+bool ListEntitiesSirenResponse::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 2: {
+      this->key = value.as_fixed32();
+      return true;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
+  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
+  buffer.encode_string(4, this->unique_id);
+  buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon);
+  buffer.encode_bool(6, this->disabled_by_default);
+  for (auto &it : this->tones) {
+    buffer.encode_string(7, it, true);
+  }
+  buffer.encode_bool(8, this->supports_duration);
+  buffer.encode_bool(9, this->supports_volume);
+  buffer.encode_enum<enums::EntityCategory>(10, this->entity_category);
+}
+void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::calculate_size(uint32_t &total_size) const {
+  ProtoSize::add_string_field(total_size, 1, this->object_id, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_fixed_field<4>(total_size, 1, this->key != 0, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_string_field(total_size, 1, this->name, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_string_field(total_size, 1, this->unique_id, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_string_field(total_size, 1, this->icon, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_bool_field(total_size, 1, this->disabled_by_default, false);
+  if (!this->tones.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->tones) {
+      ProtoSize::add_string_field(total_size, 1, it, true);
+    }
+  }
+  ProtoSize::add_bool_field(total_size, 1, this->supports_duration, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_bool_field(total_size, 1, this->supports_volume, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_enum_field(total_size, 1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category), false);
+}
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  __attribute__((unused)) char buffer[64];
+  out.append("ListEntitiesSirenResponse {\n");
+  out.append("  object_id: ");
+  out.append("'").append(this->object_id).append("'");
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  key: ");
+  sprintf(buffer, "%" PRIu32, this->key);
+  out.append(buffer);
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  name: ");
+  out.append("'").append(this->name).append("'");
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  unique_id: ");
+  out.append("'").append(this->unique_id).append("'");
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  icon: ");
+  out.append("'").append(this->icon).append("'");
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  disabled_by_default: ");
+  out.append(YESNO(this->disabled_by_default));
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  for (const auto &it : this->tones) {
+    out.append("  tones: ");
+    out.append("'").append(it).append("'");
+    out.append("\n");
+  }
+
+  out.append("  supports_duration: ");
+  out.append(YESNO(this->supports_duration));
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  supports_volume: ");
+  out.append(YESNO(this->supports_volume));
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  entity_category: ");
+  out.append(proto_enum_to_string<enums::EntityCategory>(this->entity_category));
+  out.append("\n");
+  out.append("}");
+}
+#endif
+bool SirenStateResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 2: {
+      this->state = value.as_bool();
+      return true;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+bool SirenStateResponse::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1: {
+      this->key = value.as_fixed32();
+      return true;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+void SirenStateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.encode_bool(2, this->state);
+}
+void SirenStateResponse::calculate_size(uint32_t &total_size) const {
+  ProtoSize::add_fixed_field<4>(total_size, 1, this->key != 0, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_bool_field(total_size, 1, this->state, false);
+}
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+void SirenStateResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  __attribute__((unused)) char buffer[64];
+  out.append("SirenStateResponse {\n");
+  out.append("  key: ");
+  sprintf(buffer, "%" PRIu32, this->key);
+  out.append(buffer);
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  state: ");
+  out.append(YESNO(this->state));
+  out.append("\n");
+  out.append("}");
+}
+#endif
+bool SirenCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 2: {
+      this->has_state = value.as_bool();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 3: {
+      this->state = value.as_bool();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 4: {
+      this->has_tone = value.as_bool();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 6: {
+      this->has_duration = value.as_bool();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 7: {
+      this->duration = value.as_uint32();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 8: {
+      this->has_volume = value.as_bool();
+      return true;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+bool SirenCommandRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 5: {
+      this->tone = value.as_string();
+      return true;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+bool SirenCommandRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 1: {
+      this->key = value.as_fixed32();
+      return true;
+    }
+    case 9: {
+      this->volume = value.as_float();
+      return true;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+void SirenCommandRequest::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  buffer.encode_bool(2, this->has_state);
+  buffer.encode_bool(3, this->state);
+  buffer.encode_bool(4, this->has_tone);
+  buffer.encode_string(5, this->tone);
+  buffer.encode_bool(6, this->has_duration);
+  buffer.encode_uint32(7, this->duration);
+  buffer.encode_bool(8, this->has_volume);
+  buffer.encode_float(9, this->volume);
+}
+void SirenCommandRequest::calculate_size(uint32_t &total_size) const {
+  ProtoSize::add_fixed_field<4>(total_size, 1, this->key != 0, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_bool_field(total_size, 1, this->has_state, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_bool_field(total_size, 1, this->state, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_bool_field(total_size, 1, this->has_tone, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_string_field(total_size, 1, this->tone, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_bool_field(total_size, 1, this->has_duration, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_uint32_field(total_size, 1, this->duration, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_bool_field(total_size, 1, this->has_volume, false);
+  ProtoSize::add_fixed_field<4>(total_size, 1, this->volume != 0.0f, false);
+}
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+void SirenCommandRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  __attribute__((unused)) char buffer[64];
+  out.append("SirenCommandRequest {\n");
+  out.append("  key: ");
+  sprintf(buffer, "%" PRIu32, this->key);
+  out.append(buffer);
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  has_state: ");
+  out.append(YESNO(this->has_state));
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  state: ");
+  out.append(YESNO(this->state));
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  has_tone: ");
+  out.append(YESNO(this->has_tone));
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  tone: ");
+  out.append("'").append(this->tone).append("'");
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  has_duration: ");
+  out.append(YESNO(this->has_duration));
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  duration: ");
+  sprintf(buffer, "%" PRIu32, this->duration);
+  out.append(buffer);
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  has_volume: ");
+  out.append(YESNO(this->has_volume));
+  out.append("\n");
+
+  out.append("  volume: ");
+  sprintf(buffer, "%g", this->volume);
+  out.append(buffer);
+  out.append("\n");
+  out.append("}");
+}
+#endif
 bool ListEntitiesLockResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 6: {

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -1284,6 +1284,65 @@ class SelectCommandRequest : public ProtoMessage {
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
 };
+class ListEntitiesSirenResponse : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  std::string object_id{};
+  uint32_t key{0};
+  std::string name{};
+  std::string unique_id{};
+  std::string icon{};
+  bool disabled_by_default{false};
+  std::vector<std::string> tones{};
+  bool supports_duration{false};
+  bool supports_volume{false};
+  enums::EntityCategory entity_category{};
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void calculate_size(uint32_t &total_size) const override;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
+  bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
+class SirenStateResponse : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  uint32_t key{0};
+  bool state{false};
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void calculate_size(uint32_t &total_size) const override;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
+class SirenCommandRequest : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  uint32_t key{0};
+  bool has_state{false};
+  bool state{false};
+  bool has_tone{false};
+  std::string tone{};
+  bool has_duration{false};
+  uint32_t duration{0};
+  bool has_volume{false};
+  float volume{0.0f};
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void calculate_size(uint32_t &total_size) const override;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
+  bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
 class ListEntitiesLockResponse : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   std::string object_id{};

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp

@@ -292,6 +292,24 @@ bool APIServerConnectionBase::send_select_state_response(const SelectStateRespon
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+bool APIServerConnectionBase::send_list_entities_siren_response(const ListEntitiesSirenResponse &msg) {
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "send_list_entities_siren_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+#endif
+  return this->send_message_<ListEntitiesSirenResponse>(msg, 55);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+bool APIServerConnectionBase::send_siren_state_response(const SirenStateResponse &msg) {
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "send_siren_state_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+#endif
+  return this->send_message_<SirenStateResponse>(msg, 56);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
 bool APIServerConnectionBase::send_list_entities_lock_response(const ListEntitiesLockResponse &msg) {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -903,6 +921,17 @@ bool APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_select_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
 #endif
       this->on_select_command_request(msg);
+#endif
+      break;
+    }
+    case 57: {
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+      SirenCommandRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_siren_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+#endif
+      this->on_siren_command_request(msg);
 #endif
       break;
     }
@@ -1369,8 +1398,8 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncrypt
   }
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-void APIServerConnection::on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) {
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+void APIServerConnection::on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
     this->on_no_setup_connection();
     return;
@@ -1379,46 +1408,7 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &ms
     this->on_unauthenticated_access();
     return;
   }
-  this->cover_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-void APIServerConnection::on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->fan_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-void APIServerConnection::on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->light_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-void APIServerConnection::on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->switch_command(msg);
+  this->button_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
@@ -1447,8 +1437,8 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest
   this->climate_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-void APIServerConnection::on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) {
+#ifdef USE_COVER
+void APIServerConnection::on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
     this->on_no_setup_connection();
     return;
@@ -1457,85 +1447,7 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &
     this->on_unauthenticated_access();
     return;
   }
-  this->number_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-void APIServerConnection::on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->text_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-void APIServerConnection::on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->select_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-void APIServerConnection::on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->button_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-void APIServerConnection::on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->lock_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-void APIServerConnection::on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->valve_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-void APIServerConnection::on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->media_player_command(msg);
+  this->cover_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
@@ -1551,19 +1463,6 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &msg)
   this->date_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-void APIServerConnection::on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
-    this->on_no_setup_connection();
-    return;
-  }
-  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-    return;
-  }
-  this->time_command(msg);
-}
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
 void APIServerConnection::on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
@@ -1577,6 +1476,136 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequ
   this->datetime_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_FAN
+void APIServerConnection::on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->fan_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT
+void APIServerConnection::on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->light_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LOCK
+void APIServerConnection::on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->lock_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+void APIServerConnection::on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->media_player_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+void APIServerConnection::on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->number_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+void APIServerConnection::on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->select_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+void APIServerConnection::on_siren_command_request(const SirenCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->siren_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+void APIServerConnection::on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->switch_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT
+void APIServerConnection::on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->text_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
+void APIServerConnection::on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->time_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
 void APIServerConnection::on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
@@ -1590,6 +1619,19 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &
   this->update_command(msg);
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_VALVE
+void APIServerConnection::on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) {
+  if (!this->is_connection_setup()) {
+    this->on_no_setup_connection();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
+    this->on_unauthenticated_access();
+    return;
+  }
+  this->valve_command(msg);
+}
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(
     const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) {

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -136,6 +136,15 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
   virtual void on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &value){};
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+  bool send_list_entities_siren_response(const ListEntitiesSirenResponse &msg);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+  bool send_siren_state_response(const SirenStateResponse &msg);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+  virtual void on_siren_command_request(const SirenCommandRequest &value){};
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
   bool send_list_entities_lock_response(const ListEntitiesLockResponse &msg);
 #endif
@@ -364,17 +373,8 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   virtual NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse noise_encryption_set_key(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-  virtual void cover_command(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-  virtual void fan_command(const FanCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  virtual void light_command(const LightCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  virtual void switch_command(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+  virtual void button_command(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
   virtual void camera_image(const CameraImageRequest &msg) = 0;
@@ -382,39 +382,51 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
   virtual void climate_command(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  virtual void number_command(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-  virtual void text_command(const TextCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  virtual void select_command(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  virtual void button_command(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-  virtual void lock_command(const LockCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-  virtual void valve_command(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  virtual void media_player_command(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#ifdef USE_COVER
+  virtual void cover_command(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
   virtual void date_command(const DateCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  virtual void time_command(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
   virtual void datetime_command(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_FAN
+  virtual void fan_command(const FanCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT
+  virtual void light_command(const LightCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LOCK
+  virtual void lock_command(const LockCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+  virtual void media_player_command(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  virtual void number_command(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  virtual void select_command(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+  virtual void siren_command(const SirenCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  virtual void switch_command(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT
+  virtual void text_command(const TextCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
+  virtual void time_command(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   virtual void update_command(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_VALVE
+  virtual void valve_command(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   virtual void subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
@@ -478,17 +490,8 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   void on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_COVER
-  void on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_FAN
-  void on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LIGHT
-  void on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  void on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#ifdef USE_BUTTON
+  void on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_CAMERA
   void on_camera_image_request(const CameraImageRequest &msg) override;
@@ -496,39 +499,51 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
   void on_climate_command_request(const ClimateCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  void on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_TEXT
-  void on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_SELECT
-  void on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_BUTTON
-  void on_button_command_request(const ButtonCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_LOCK
-  void on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_VALVE
-  void on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
-  void on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#ifdef USE_COVER
+  void on_cover_command_request(const CoverCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
   void on_date_command_request(const DateCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
-  void on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATETIME
   void on_date_time_command_request(const DateTimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_FAN
+  void on_fan_command_request(const FanCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LIGHT
+  void on_light_command_request(const LightCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_LOCK
+  void on_lock_command_request(const LockCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_MEDIA_PLAYER
+  void on_media_player_command_request(const MediaPlayerCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  void on_number_command_request(const NumberCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SELECT
+  void on_select_command_request(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SIREN
+  void on_siren_command_request(const SirenCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  void on_switch_command_request(const SwitchCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_TEXT
+  void on_text_command_request(const TextCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_DATETIME_TIME
+  void on_time_command_request(const TimeCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   void on_update_command_request(const UpdateCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_VALVE
+  void on_valve_command_request(const ValveCommandRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   void on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(const SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest &msg) override;
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -126,19 +126,29 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
     conn->start();
   }
 
-  // Partition clients into remove and active
-  auto new_end = std::partition(this->clients_.begin(), this->clients_.end(),
-                                [](const std::unique_ptr<APIConnection> &conn) { return !conn->remove_; });
-  // print disconnection messages
-  for (auto it = new_end; it != this->clients_.end(); ++it) {
-    this->client_disconnected_trigger_->trigger((*it)->client_info_, (*it)->client_peername_);
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Removing connection to %s", (*it)->client_info_.c_str());
-  }
-  // resize vector
-  this->clients_.erase(new_end, this->clients_.end());
+  // Process clients and remove disconnected ones in a single pass
+  if (!this->clients_.empty()) {
+    size_t client_index = 0;
+    while (client_index < this->clients_.size()) {
+      auto &client = this->clients_[client_index];
 
-  for (auto &client : this->clients_) {
-    client->loop();
+      if (client->remove_) {
+        // Handle disconnection
+        this->client_disconnected_trigger_->trigger(client->client_info_, client->client_peername_);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Removing connection to %s", client->client_info_.c_str());
+
+        // Swap with the last element and pop (avoids expensive vector shifts)
+        if (client_index < this->clients_.size() - 1) {
+          std::swap(this->clients_[client_index], this->clients_.back());
+        }
+        this->clients_.pop_back();
+        // Don't increment client_index since we need to process the swapped element
+      } else {
+        // Process active client
+        client->loop();
+        client_index++;  // Move to next client
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -20,16 +20,26 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
   explicit ProtoVarInt(uint64_t value) : value_(value) {}
 
   static optional<ProtoVarInt> parse(const uint8_t *buffer, uint32_t len, uint32_t *consumed) {
-    if (consumed != nullptr)
-      *consumed = 0;
-
-    if (len == 0)
+    if (len == 0) {
+      if (consumed != nullptr)
+        *consumed = 0;
       return {};
+    }
 
-    uint64_t result = 0;
-    uint8_t bitpos = 0;
+    // Most common case: single-byte varint (values 0-127)
+    if ((buffer[0] & 0x80) == 0) {
+      if (consumed != nullptr)
+        *consumed = 1;
+      return ProtoVarInt(buffer[0]);
+    }
 
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    // General case for multi-byte varints
+    // Since we know buffer[0]'s high bit is set, initialize with its value
+    uint64_t result = buffer[0] & 0x7F;
+    uint8_t bitpos = 7;
+
+    // Start from the second byte since we've already processed the first
+    for (uint32_t i = 1; i < len; i++) {
       uint8_t val = buffer[i];
       result |= uint64_t(val & 0x7F) << uint64_t(bitpos);
       bitpos += 7;
@@ -40,7 +50,9 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
       }
     }
 
-    return {};
+    if (consumed != nullptr)
+      *consumed = 0;
+    return {};  // Incomplete or invalid varint
   }
 
   uint32_t as_uint32() const { return this->value_; }
@@ -71,6 +83,34 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
       return static_cast<int64_t>(this->value_ >> 1);
     }
   }
+  /**
+   * Encode the varint value to a pre-allocated buffer without bounds checking.
+   *
+   * @param buffer The pre-allocated buffer to write the encoded varint to
+   * @param len The size of the buffer in bytes
+   *
+   * @note The caller is responsible for ensuring the buffer is large enough
+   *       to hold the encoded value. Use ProtoSize::varint() to calculate
+   *       the exact size needed before calling this method.
+   * @note No bounds checking is performed for performance reasons.
+   */
+  void encode_to_buffer_unchecked(uint8_t *buffer, size_t len) {
+    uint64_t val = this->value_;
+    if (val <= 0x7F) {
+      buffer[0] = val;
+      return;
+    }
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (val && i < len) {
+      uint8_t temp = val & 0x7F;
+      val >>= 7;
+      if (val) {
+        buffer[i++] = temp | 0x80;
+      } else {
+        buffer[i++] = temp;
+      }
+    }
+  }
   void encode(std::vector<uint8_t> &out) {
     uint64_t val = this->value_;
     if (val <= 0x7F) {

esphome/components/at581x/at581x.h

@@ -14,11 +14,8 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace at581x {
 
 class AT581XComponent : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
-#ifdef USE_SWITCH
- protected:
-  switch_::Switch *rf_power_switch_{nullptr};
-
  public:
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
   void set_rf_power_switch(switch_::Switch *s) {
     this->rf_power_switch_ = s;
     s->turn_on();
@@ -48,6 +45,9 @@ class AT581XComponent : public Component, public i2c::I2CDevice {
   bool i2c_read_reg(uint8_t addr, uint8_t &data);
 
  protected:
+#ifdef USE_SWITCH
+  switch_::Switch *rf_power_switch_{nullptr};
+#endif
   int freq_;
   int self_check_time_ms_;   /*!< Power-on self-test time, range: 0 ~ 65536 ms */
   int protect_time_ms_;      /*!< Protection time, recommended 1000 ms */

esphome/components/atm90e32/__init__.py

@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 CODEOWNERS = ["@circuitsetup", "@descipher"]
 
 atm90e32_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("atm90e32")
+ATM90E32Component = atm90e32_ns.class_("ATM90E32Component", cg.Component)
 
 CONF_ATM90E32_ID = "atm90e32_id"

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "atm90e32.h"
-#include "atm90e32_reg.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
+#include <cmath>
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace atm90e32 {
@@ -11,115 +11,84 @@ void ATM90E32Component::loop() {
   if (this->get_publish_interval_flag_()) {
     this->set_publish_interval_flag_(false);
     for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].voltage_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+      if (this->phase_[phase].voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].voltage_ = this->get_phase_voltage_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].current_ = this->get_phase_current_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].power_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].active_power_ = this->get_phase_active_power_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].power_factor_ = this->get_phase_power_factor_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_ = this->get_phase_reactive_power_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].forward_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].apparent_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
+        this->phase_[phase].apparent_power_ = this->get_phase_apparent_power_(phase);
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].forward_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].forward_active_energy_ = this->get_phase_forward_active_energy_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].reverse_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].reverse_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].reverse_active_energy_ = this->get_phase_reverse_active_energy_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_ = this->get_phase_angle_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_ = this->get_phase_harmonic_active_power_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].peak_current_ = this->get_phase_peak_current_(phase);
-      }
-    }
-    // After the local store in collected we can publish them trusting they are withing +-1 haardware sampling
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].voltage_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      // After the local store is collected we can publish them trusting they are within +-1 hardware sampling
+      if (this->phase_[phase].voltage_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].voltage_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_voltage_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_current_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].power_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].power_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_active_power_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].power_factor_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].power_factor_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_power_factor_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_reactive_power_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].apparent_power_sensor_ != nullptr)
+        this->phase_[phase].apparent_power_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_apparent_power_(phase));
+
       if (this->phase_[phase].forward_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->phase_[phase].forward_active_energy_sensor_->publish_state(
             this->get_local_phase_forward_active_energy_(phase));
       }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+
       if (this->phase_[phase].reverse_active_energy_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->phase_[phase].reverse_active_energy_sensor_->publish_state(
             this->get_local_phase_reverse_active_energy_(phase));
       }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].phase_angle_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_angle_(phase));
-      }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+
       if (this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_sensor_ != nullptr) {
         this->phase_[phase].harmonic_active_power_sensor_->publish_state(
             this->get_local_phase_harmonic_active_power_(phase));
       }
-    }
-    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
-      if (this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+      if (this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ != nullptr)
         this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_local_phase_peak_current_(phase));
-      }
     }
-    if (this->freq_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    if (this->freq_sensor_ != nullptr)
       this->freq_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_frequency_());
-    }
-    if (this->chip_temperature_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+
+    if (this->chip_temperature_sensor_ != nullptr)
       this->chip_temperature_sensor_->publish_state(this->get_chip_temperature_());
-    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -130,82 +99,30 @@ void ATM90E32Component::update() {
   }
   this->set_publish_interval_flag_(true);
   this->status_clear_warning();
-}
 
-void ATM90E32Component::restore_calibrations_() {
-  if (enable_offset_calibration_) {
-    this->pref_.load(&this->offset_phase_);
-  }
-};
-
-void ATM90E32Component::run_offset_calibrations() {
-  // Run the calibrations and
-  // Setup voltage and current calibration offsets for PHASE A
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_ = calibrate_voltage_offset_phase(PHASEA);
-  this->phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETA, this->phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_ = calibrate_current_offset_phase(PHASEA);
-  this->phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETA, this->phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  // Setup voltage and current calibration offsets for PHASE B
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_ = calibrate_voltage_offset_phase(PHASEB);
-  this->phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETB, this->phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_ = calibrate_current_offset_phase(PHASEB);
-  this->phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETB, this->phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  // Setup voltage and current calibration offsets for PHASE C
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_ = calibrate_voltage_offset_phase(PHASEC);
-  this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETC, this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_ = calibrate_current_offset_phase(PHASEC);
-  this->phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETC, this->phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  this->pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "PhaseA Vo=%5d PhaseB Vo=%5d PhaseC Vo=%5d", this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_,
-           this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_, this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_);
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "PhaseA Io=%5d PhaseB Io=%5d PhaseC Io=%5d", this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_,
-           this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_, this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_);
-}
-
-void ATM90E32Component::clear_offset_calibrations() {
-  // Clear the calibrations and
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETA, this->phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETA, this->phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETB, this->phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETB, this->phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETC, this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_);  // C Voltage offset
-  this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_ = 0;
-  this->phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_ = this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_;
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETC, this->phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_);  // C Current offset
-  this->pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "PhaseA Vo=%5d PhaseB Vo=%5d PhaseC Vo=%5d", this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].voltage_offset_,
-           this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].voltage_offset_, this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].voltage_offset_);
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "PhaseA Io=%5d PhaseB Io=%5d PhaseC Io=%5d", this->offset_phase_[PHASEA].current_offset_,
-           this->offset_phase_[PHASEB].current_offset_, this->offset_phase_[PHASEC].current_offset_);
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  this->check_phase_status();
+  this->check_over_current();
+  this->check_freq_status();
+#endif
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::setup() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Setting up ATM90E32 Component...");
   this->spi_setup();
-  if (this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
-    uint32_t hash = fnv1_hash(App.get_friendly_name());
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<Calibration[3]>(hash, true);
-    this->restore_calibrations_();
-  }
+
   uint16_t mmode0 = 0x87;  // 3P4W 50Hz
+  uint16_t high_thresh = 0;
+  uint16_t low_thresh = 0;
+
   if (line_freq_ == 60) {
     mmode0 |= 1 << 12;  // sets 12th bit to 1, 60Hz
+    // for freq threshold registers
+    high_thresh = 6300;  // 63.00 Hz
+    low_thresh = 5700;   // 57.00 Hz
+  } else {
+    high_thresh = 5300;  // 53.00 Hz
+    low_thresh = 4700;   // 47.00 Hz
   }
 
   if (current_phases_ == 2) {
@@ -216,34 +133,84 @@ void ATM90E32Component::setup() {
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SOFTRESET, 0x789A);    // Perform soft reset
   delay(6);                                               // Wait for the minimum 5ms + 1ms
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x55AA);  // enable register config access
-  if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != 0x55AA) {
+  if (!this->validate_spi_read_(0x55AA, "setup()")) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not initialize ATM90E32 IC, check SPI settings");
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
 
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_METEREN, 0x0001);        // Enable Metering
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SAGPEAKDETCFG, 0xFF3F);  // Peak Detector time ms (15:8), Sag Period ms (7:0)
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SAGPEAKDETCFG, 0xFF3F);  // Peak Detector time (15:8) 255ms, Sag Period (7:0) 63ms
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PLCONSTH, 0x0861);       // PL Constant MSB (default) = 140625000
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PLCONSTL, 0xC468);       // PL Constant LSB (default)
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_ZXCONFIG, 0xD654);       // ZX2, ZX1, ZX0 pin config
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_ZXCONFIG, 0xD654);       // Zero crossing (ZX2, ZX1, ZX0) pin config
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_MMODE0, mmode0);         // Mode Config (frequency set in main program)
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_MMODE1, pga_gain_);      // PGA Gain Configuration for Current Channels
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_FREQHITH, high_thresh);  // Frequency high threshold
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_FREQLOTH, low_thresh);   // Frequency low threshold
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PSTARTTH, 0x1D4C);       // All Active Startup Power Threshold - 0.02A/0.00032 = 7500
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_QSTARTTH, 0x1D4C);       // All Reactive Startup Power Threshold - 50%
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SSTARTTH, 0x1D4C);       // All Reactive Startup Power Threshold - 50%
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PPHASETH, 0x02EE);       // Each Phase Active Phase Threshold - 0.002A/0.00032 = 750
   this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_QPHASETH, 0x02EE);       // Each phase Reactive Phase Threshold - 10%
-  // Setup voltage and current gain for PHASE A
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINA, this->phase_[PHASEA].voltage_gain_);  // A Voltage rms gain
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINA, this->phase_[PHASEA].ct_gain_);       // A line current gain
-  // Setup voltage and current gain for PHASE B
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINB, this->phase_[PHASEB].voltage_gain_);  // B Voltage rms gain
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINB, this->phase_[PHASEB].ct_gain_);       // B line current gain
-  // Setup voltage and current gain for PHASE C
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINC, this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_gain_);  // C Voltage rms gain
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINC, this->phase_[PHASEC].ct_gain_);       // C line current gain
-  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);                         // end configuration
+
+  if (this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
+    // Initialize flash storage for offset calibrations
+    uint32_t o_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_offset_calibration_") + this->cs_->dump_summary());
+    this->offset_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<OffsetCalibration[3]>(o_hash, true);
+    this->restore_offset_calibrations_();
+
+    // Initialize flash storage for power offset calibrations
+    uint32_t po_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_power_offset_calibration_") + this->cs_->dump_summary());
+    this->power_offset_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<PowerOffsetCalibration[3]>(po_hash, true);
+    this->restore_power_offset_calibrations_();
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Power & Voltage/Current offset calibration is disabled. Using config file values.");
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+      this->write16_(this->voltage_offset_registers[phase],
+                     static_cast<uint16_t>(this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_));
+      this->write16_(this->current_offset_registers[phase],
+                     static_cast<uint16_t>(this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_));
+      this->write16_(this->power_offset_registers[phase],
+                     static_cast<uint16_t>(this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset));
+      this->write16_(this->reactive_power_offset_registers[phase],
+                     static_cast<uint16_t>(this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (this->enable_gain_calibration_) {
+    // Initialize flash storage for gain calibration
+    uint32_t g_hash = fnv1_hash(std::string("_gain_calibration_") + this->cs_->dump_summary());
+    this->gain_calibration_pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<GainCalibration[3]>(g_hash, true);
+    this->restore_gain_calibrations_();
+
+    if (this->using_saved_calibrations_) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Successfully restored gain calibration from memory.");
+    } else {
+      for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+        this->write16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_);
+        this->write16_(current_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration is disabled. Using config file values.");
+
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+      this->write16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_);
+      this->write16_(current_gain_registers[phase], this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Sag threshold (78%)
+  uint16_t sagth = calculate_voltage_threshold(line_freq_, this->phase_[0].voltage_gain_, 0.78f);
+  // Overvoltage threshold (122%)
+  uint16_t ovth = calculate_voltage_threshold(line_freq_, this->phase_[0].voltage_gain_, 1.22f);
+
+  // Write to registers
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SAGTH, sagth);
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_OVTH, ovth);
+
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);  // end configuration
 }
 
 void ATM90E32Component::dump_config() {
@@ -257,6 +224,7 @@ void ATM90E32Component::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Current A", this->phase_[PHASEA].current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Power A", this->phase_[PHASEA].power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Reactive Power A", this->phase_[PHASEA].reactive_power_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Apparent Power A", this->phase_[PHASEA].apparent_power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PF A", this->phase_[PHASEA].power_factor_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Forward Energy A", this->phase_[PHASEA].forward_active_energy_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Reverse Energy A", this->phase_[PHASEA].reverse_active_energy_sensor_);
@@ -267,22 +235,24 @@ void ATM90E32Component::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Current B", this->phase_[PHASEB].current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Power B", this->phase_[PHASEB].power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Reactive Power B", this->phase_[PHASEB].reactive_power_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Apparent Power B", this->phase_[PHASEB].apparent_power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PF B", this->phase_[PHASEB].power_factor_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Forward Energy B", this->phase_[PHASEB].forward_active_energy_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Reverse Energy B", this->phase_[PHASEB].reverse_active_energy_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Harmonic Power A", this->phase_[PHASEB].harmonic_active_power_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Phase Angle A", this->phase_[PHASEB].phase_angle_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Peak Current A", this->phase_[PHASEB].peak_current_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Harmonic Power B", this->phase_[PHASEB].harmonic_active_power_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Phase Angle B", this->phase_[PHASEB].phase_angle_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Peak Current B", this->phase_[PHASEB].peak_current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Voltage C", this->phase_[PHASEC].voltage_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Current C", this->phase_[PHASEC].current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Power C", this->phase_[PHASEC].power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Reactive Power C", this->phase_[PHASEC].reactive_power_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Apparent Power C", this->phase_[PHASEC].apparent_power_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "PF C", this->phase_[PHASEC].power_factor_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Forward Energy C", this->phase_[PHASEC].forward_active_energy_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Active Reverse Energy C", this->phase_[PHASEC].reverse_active_energy_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Harmonic Power A", this->phase_[PHASEC].harmonic_active_power_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Phase Angle A", this->phase_[PHASEC].phase_angle_sensor_);
-  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Peak Current A", this->phase_[PHASEC].peak_current_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Harmonic Power C", this->phase_[PHASEC].harmonic_active_power_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Phase Angle C", this->phase_[PHASEC].phase_angle_sensor_);
+  LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Peak Current C", this->phase_[PHASEC].peak_current_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Frequency", this->freq_sensor_);
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "Chip Temp", this->chip_temperature_sensor_);
 }
@@ -298,7 +268,7 @@ uint16_t ATM90E32Component::read16_(uint16_t a_register) {
   uint8_t data[2];
   uint16_t output;
   this->enable();
-  delay_microseconds_safe(10);
+  delay_microseconds_safe(1);  // min delay between CS low and first SCK is 200ns - 1ms is plenty
   this->write_byte(addrh);
   this->write_byte(addrl);
   this->read_array(data, 2);
@@ -328,8 +298,7 @@ void ATM90E32Component::write16_(uint16_t a_register, uint16_t val) {
   this->write_byte16(a_register);
   this->write_byte16(val);
   this->disable();
-  if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != val)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI write error 0x%04X val 0x%04X", a_register, val);
+  this->validate_spi_read_(val, "write16()");
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase) { return this->phase_[phase].voltage_; }
@@ -340,6 +309,8 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_active_power_(uint8_t phase) { return t
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t phase) { return this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_; }
 
+float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_apparent_power_(uint8_t phase) { return this->phase_[phase].apparent_power_; }
+
 float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t phase) { return this->phase_[phase].power_factor_; }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t phase) {
@@ -360,8 +331,7 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_local_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t phase) { return t
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase) {
   const uint16_t voltage = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMS + phase);
-  if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != voltage)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI URMS voltage register read error.");
+  this->validate_spi_read_(voltage, "get_phase_voltage()");
   return (float) voltage / 100;
 }
 
@@ -371,8 +341,7 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_voltage_avg_(uint8_t phase) {
   uint16_t voltage = 0;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < reads; i++) {
     voltage = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMS + phase);
-    if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != voltage)
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI URMS voltage register read error.");
+    this->validate_spi_read_(voltage, "get_phase_voltage_avg_()");
     accumulation += voltage;
   }
   voltage = accumulation / reads;
@@ -386,8 +355,7 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_current_avg_(uint8_t phase) {
   uint16_t current = 0;
   for (uint8_t i = 0; i < reads; i++) {
     current = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMS + phase);
-    if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != current)
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI IRMS current register read error.");
+    this->validate_spi_read_(current, "get_phase_current_avg_()");
     accumulation += current;
   }
   current = accumulation / reads;
@@ -397,8 +365,7 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_current_avg_(uint8_t phase) {
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_current_(uint8_t phase) {
   const uint16_t current = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMS + phase);
-  if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != current)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI IRMS current register read error.");
+  this->validate_spi_read_(current, "get_phase_current_()");
   return (float) current / 1000;
 }
 
@@ -412,11 +379,15 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t phase) {
   return val * 0.00032f;
 }
 
+float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_apparent_power_(uint8_t phase) {
+  const int val = this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEAN + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANLSB + phase);
+  return val * 0.00032f;
+}
+
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t phase) {
-  const int16_t powerfactor = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PFMEAN + phase);
-  if (this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA) != powerfactor)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI power factor read error.");
-  return (float) powerfactor / 1000;
+  uint16_t powerfactor = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PFMEAN + phase);  // unsigned to compare to lastspidata
+  this->validate_spi_read_(powerfactor, "get_phase_power_factor_()");
+  return (float) ((int16_t) powerfactor) / 1000;  // make it signed again
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t phase) {
@@ -426,17 +397,19 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t phase) {
   } else {
     this->phase_[phase].cumulative_forward_active_energy_ = val;
   }
-  return ((float) this->phase_[phase].cumulative_forward_active_energy_ * 10 / 3200);
+  // 0.01CF resolution = 0.003125 Wh per count
+  return ((float) this->phase_[phase].cumulative_forward_active_energy_ * (10.0f / 3200.0f));
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_reverse_active_energy_(uint8_t phase) {
-  const uint16_t val = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_ANENERGY);
+  const uint16_t val = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_ANENERGY + phase);
   if (UINT32_MAX - this->phase_[phase].cumulative_reverse_active_energy_ > val) {
     this->phase_[phase].cumulative_reverse_active_energy_ += val;
   } else {
     this->phase_[phase].cumulative_reverse_active_energy_ = val;
   }
-  return ((float) this->phase_[phase].cumulative_reverse_active_energy_ * 10 / 3200);
+  // 0.01CF resolution = 0.003125 Wh per count
+  return ((float) this->phase_[phase].cumulative_reverse_active_energy_ * (10.0f / 3200.0f));
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t phase) {
@@ -446,15 +419,15 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t phase) {
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_angle_(uint8_t phase) {
   uint16_t val = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PANGLE + phase) / 10.0;
-  return (float) (val > 180) ? val - 360.0 : val;
+  return (val > 180) ? (float) (val - 360.0f) : (float) val;
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t phase) {
   int16_t val = (float) this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IPEAK + phase);
   if (!this->peak_current_signed_)
-    val = abs(val);
+    val = std::abs(val);
   // phase register * phase current gain value  / 1000 * 2^13
-  return (float) (val * this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_ / 8192000.0);
+  return (val * this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_ / 8192000.0);
 }
 
 float ATM90E32Component::get_frequency_() {
@@ -467,29 +440,433 @@ float ATM90E32Component::get_chip_temperature_() {
   return (float) ctemp;
 }
 
-uint16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_voltage_offset_phase(uint8_t phase) {
-  const uint8_t num_reads = 5;
-  uint64_t total_value = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_reads; ++i) {
-    const uint32_t measurement_value = read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMS + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMSLSB + phase);
-    total_value += measurement_value;
+void ATM90E32Component::run_gain_calibrations() {
+  if (!this->enable_gain_calibration_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_gain_calibration: true");
+    return;
   }
-  const uint32_t average_value = total_value / num_reads;
-  const uint32_t shifted_value = average_value >> 7;
-  const uint32_t voltage_offset = ~shifted_value + 1;
-  return voltage_offset & 0xFFFF;  // Take the lower 16 bits
+
+  float ref_voltages[3] = {
+      this->get_reference_voltage(0),
+      this->get_reference_voltage(1),
+      this->get_reference_voltage(2),
+  };
+  float ref_currents[3] = {this->get_reference_current(0), this->get_reference_current(1),
+                           this->get_reference_current(2)};
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ========================= Gain Calibration  =========================");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ---------------------------------------------------------------------");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG,
+           "[CALIBRATION] | Phase | V_meas (V) | I_meas (A) | V_ref | I_ref  | V_gain (old→new) | I_gain (old→new) |");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] ---------------------------------------------------------------------");
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    float measured_voltage = this->get_phase_voltage_avg_(phase);
+    float measured_current = this->get_phase_current_avg_(phase);
+
+    float ref_voltage = ref_voltages[phase];
+    float ref_current = ref_currents[phase];
+
+    uint16_t current_voltage_gain = this->read16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase]);
+    uint16_t current_current_gain = this->read16_(current_gain_registers[phase]);
+
+    bool did_voltage = false;
+    bool did_current = false;
+
+    // Voltage calibration
+    if (ref_voltage <= 0.0f) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping voltage calibration: reference voltage is 0.",
+               phase_labels[phase]);
+    } else if (measured_voltage == 0.0f) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping voltage calibration: measured voltage is 0.",
+               phase_labels[phase]);
+    } else {
+      uint32_t new_voltage_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>((ref_voltage / measured_voltage) * current_voltage_gain);
+      if (new_voltage_gain == 0) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Voltage gain would be 0. Check reference and measured voltage.",
+                 phase_labels[phase]);
+      } else {
+        if (new_voltage_gain >= 65535) {
+          ESP_LOGW(
+              TAG,
+              "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Voltage gain exceeds 65535. You may need a higher output voltage transformer.",
+              phase_labels[phase]);
+          new_voltage_gain = 65535;
+        }
+        this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>(new_voltage_gain);
+        did_voltage = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Current calibration
+    if (ref_current == 0.0f) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping current calibration: reference current is 0.",
+               phase_labels[phase]);
+    } else if (measured_current == 0.0f) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Skipping current calibration: measured current is 0.",
+               phase_labels[phase]);
+    } else {
+      uint32_t new_current_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>((ref_current / measured_current) * current_current_gain);
+      if (new_current_gain == 0) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Current gain would be 0. Check reference and measured current.",
+                 phase_labels[phase]);
+      } else {
+        if (new_current_gain >= 65535) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %s - Current gain exceeds 65535. You may need to turn up pga gain.",
+                   phase_labels[phase]);
+          new_current_gain = 65535;
+        }
+        this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain = static_cast<uint16_t>(new_current_gain);
+        did_current = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Final row output
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] |   %c   |  %9.2f |  %9.4f | %5.2f | %6.4f |  %5u → %-5u  |  %5u → %-5u  |",
+             'A' + phase, measured_voltage, measured_current, ref_voltage, ref_current, current_voltage_gain,
+             did_voltage ? this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain : current_voltage_gain, current_current_gain,
+             did_current ? this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain : current_current_gain);
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] =====================================================================\n");
+
+  this->save_gain_calibration_to_memory_();
+  this->write_gains_to_registers_();
+  this->verify_gain_writes_();
 }
 
-uint16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_current_offset_phase(uint8_t phase) {
+void ATM90E32Component::save_gain_calibration_to_memory_() {
+  bool success = this->gain_calibration_pref_.save(&this->gain_phase_);
+  if (success) {
+    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = true;
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration saved to memory.");
+  } else {
+    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Failed to save gain calibration to memory!");
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::run_offset_calibrations() {
+  if (!this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Offset calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_offset_calibration: true");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    int16_t voltage_offset = calibrate_offset(phase, true);
+    int16_t current_offset = calibrate_offset(phase, false);
+
+    this->write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, voltage_offset, current_offset);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_voltage: %d, offset_current: %d", 'A' + phase, voltage_offset,
+             current_offset);
+  }
+
+  this->offset_pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);  // Save to flash
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::run_power_offset_calibrations() {
+  if (!this->enable_offset_calibration_) {
+    ESP_LOGW(
+        TAG,
+        "[CALIBRATION] Offset power calibration is disabled! Enable it first with enable_offset_calibration: true");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+    int16_t active_offset = calibrate_power_offset(phase, false);
+    int16_t reactive_offset = calibrate_power_offset(phase, true);
+
+    this->write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, active_offset, reactive_offset);
+
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_active_power: %d, offset_reactive_power: %d", 'A' + phase,
+             active_offset, reactive_offset);
+  }
+
+  this->power_offset_pref_.save(&this->power_offset_phase_);  // Save to flash
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::write_gains_to_registers_() {
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x55AA);
+
+  for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    this->write16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase], this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain);
+    this->write16_(current_gain_registers[phase], this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain);
+  }
+
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::write_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t voltage_offset, int16_t current_offset) {
+  // Save to runtime
+  this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_ = voltage_offset;
+  this->phase_[phase].voltage_offset_ = voltage_offset;
+
+  // Save to flash-storable struct
+  this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_ = current_offset;
+  this->phase_[phase].current_offset_ = current_offset;
+
+  // Write to registers
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x55AA);
+  this->write16_(voltage_offset_registers[phase], static_cast<uint16_t>(voltage_offset));
+  this->write16_(current_offset_registers[phase], static_cast<uint16_t>(current_offset));
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::write_power_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t p_offset, int16_t q_offset) {
+  // Save to runtime
+  this->phase_[phase].active_power_offset_ = p_offset;
+  this->phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset_ = q_offset;
+
+  // Save to flash-storable struct
+  this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset = p_offset;
+  this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset = q_offset;
+
+  // Write to registers
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x55AA);
+  this->write16_(this->power_offset_registers[phase], static_cast<uint16_t>(p_offset));
+  this->write16_(this->reactive_power_offset_registers[phase], static_cast<uint16_t>(q_offset));
+  this->write16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_CFGREGACCEN, 0x0000);
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::restore_gain_calibrations_() {
+  if (this->gain_calibration_pref_.load(&this->gain_phase_)) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Restoring saved gain calibrations to registers:");
+
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      uint16_t v_gain = this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain;
+      uint16_t i_gain = this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain;
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION]   Phase %c - Voltage Gain: %u, Current Gain: %u", 'A' + phase, v_gain, i_gain);
+    }
+
+    this->write_gains_to_registers_();
+
+    if (this->verify_gain_writes_()) {
+      this->using_saved_calibrations_ = true;
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibration loaded and verified successfully.");
+    } else {
+      this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain verification failed! Calibration may not be applied correctly.");
+    }
+  } else {
+    this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No stored gain calibrations found. Using config file values.");
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::restore_offset_calibrations_() {
+  if (this->offset_pref_.load(&this->offset_phase_)) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Successfully restored offset calibration from memory.");
+
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      auto &offset = this->offset_phase_[phase];
+      write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, offset.voltage_offset_, offset.current_offset_);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_voltage:: %d, offset_current: %d", 'A' + phase,
+               offset.voltage_offset_, offset.current_offset_);
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No stored offset calibrations found. Using default values.");
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::restore_power_offset_calibrations_() {
+  if (this->power_offset_pref_.load(&this->power_offset_phase_)) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Successfully restored power offset calibration from memory.");
+
+    for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; ++phase) {
+      auto &offset = this->power_offset_phase_[phase];
+      write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, offset.active_power_offset, offset.reactive_power_offset);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Phase %c - offset_active_power: %d, offset_reactive_power: %d", 'A' + phase,
+               offset.active_power_offset, offset.reactive_power_offset);
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No stored power offsets found. Using default values.");
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::clear_gain_calibrations() {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Clearing stored gain calibrations and restoring config-defined values...");
+
+  for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain = this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_;
+    gain_phase_[phase].current_gain = this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_;
+  }
+
+  bool success = this->gain_calibration_pref_.save(&this->gain_phase_);
+  this->using_saved_calibrations_ = false;
+
+  if (success) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Gain calibrations cleared. Config values restored:");
+    for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION]   Phase %c - Voltage Gain: %u, Current Gain: %u", 'A' + phase,
+               gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain, gain_phase_[phase].current_gain);
+    }
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Failed to clear gain calibrations!");
+  }
+
+  this->write_gains_to_registers_();  // Apply them to the chip immediately
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::clear_offset_calibrations() {
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    this->write_offsets_to_registers_(phase, 0, 0);
+  }
+
+  this->offset_pref_.save(&this->offset_phase_);  // Save cleared values to flash memory
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Offsets cleared.");
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::clear_power_offset_calibrations() {
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    this->write_power_offsets_to_registers_(phase, 0, 0);
+  }
+
+  this->power_offset_pref_.save(&this->power_offset_phase_);
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Power offsets cleared.");
+}
+
+int16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_offset(uint8_t phase, bool voltage) {
   const uint8_t num_reads = 5;
   uint64_t total_value = 0;
-  for (int i = 0; i < num_reads; ++i) {
-    const uint32_t measurement_value = read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMS + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMSLSB + phase);
-    total_value += measurement_value;
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < num_reads; ++i) {
+    uint32_t reading = voltage ? this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMS + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_URMSLSB + phase)
+                               : this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMS + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_IRMSLSB + phase);
+    total_value += reading;
   }
+
   const uint32_t average_value = total_value / num_reads;
-  const uint32_t current_offset = ~average_value + 1;
-  return current_offset & 0xFFFF;  // Take the lower 16 bits
+  const uint32_t shifted = average_value >> 7;
+  const uint32_t offset = ~shifted + 1;
+  return static_cast<int16_t>(offset);  // Takes lower 16 bits
+}
+
+int16_t ATM90E32Component::calibrate_power_offset(uint8_t phase, bool reactive) {
+  const uint8_t num_reads = 5;
+  uint64_t total_value = 0;
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < num_reads; ++i) {
+    uint32_t reading = reactive ? this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEAN + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANLSB + phase)
+                                : this->read32_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEAN + phase, ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANLSB + phase);
+    total_value += reading;
+  }
+
+  const uint32_t average_value = total_value / num_reads;
+  const uint32_t power_offset = ~average_value + 1;
+  return static_cast<int16_t>(power_offset);  // Takes the lower 16 bits
+}
+
+bool ATM90E32Component::verify_gain_writes_() {
+  bool success = true;
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    uint16_t read_voltage = this->read16_(voltage_gain_registers[phase]);
+    uint16_t read_current = this->read16_(current_gain_registers[phase]);
+
+    if (read_voltage != this->gain_phase_[phase].voltage_gain ||
+        read_current != this->gain_phase_[phase].current_gain) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Mismatch detected for Phase %s!", phase_labels[phase]);
+      success = false;
+    }
+  }
+  return success;  // Return true if all writes were successful, false otherwise
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+void ATM90E32Component::check_phase_status() {
+  uint16_t state0 = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_EMMSTATE0);
+  uint16_t state1 = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_EMMSTATE1);
+
+  for (int phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    std::string status;
+
+    if (state0 & over_voltage_flags[phase])
+      status += "Over Voltage; ";
+    if (state1 & voltage_sag_flags[phase])
+      status += "Voltage Sag; ";
+    if (state1 & phase_loss_flags[phase])
+      status += "Phase Loss; ";
+
+    auto *sensor = this->phase_status_text_sensor_[phase];
+    const char *phase_name = sensor ? sensor->get_name().c_str() : "Unknown Phase";
+    if (!status.empty()) {
+      status.pop_back();  // remove space
+      status.pop_back();  // remove semicolon
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s: %s", phase_name, status.c_str());
+      if (sensor != nullptr)
+        sensor->publish_state(status);
+    } else {
+      if (sensor != nullptr)
+        sensor->publish_state("Okay");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::check_freq_status() {
+  uint16_t state1 = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_EMMSTATE1);
+
+  std::string freq_status;
+
+  if (state1 & ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_FREQHIST) {
+    freq_status = "HIGH";
+  } else if (state1 & ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_FREQLOST) {
+    freq_status = "LOW";
+  } else {
+    freq_status = "Normal";
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Frequency status: %s", freq_status.c_str());
+
+  if (this->freq_status_text_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->freq_status_text_sensor_->publish_state(freq_status);
+  }
+}
+
+void ATM90E32Component::check_over_current() {
+  constexpr float max_current_threshold = 65.53f;
+
+  for (uint8_t phase = 0; phase < 3; phase++) {
+    float current_val =
+        this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_ != nullptr ? this->phase_[phase].current_sensor_->state : 0.0f;
+
+    if (current_val > max_current_threshold) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Over current detected on Phase %c: %.2f A", 'A' + phase, current_val);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "You may need to half your gain_ct: value & multiply the current and power values by 2");
+      if (this->phase_status_text_sensor_[phase] != nullptr) {
+        this->phase_status_text_sensor_[phase]->publish_state("Over Current; ");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+uint16_t ATM90E32Component::calculate_voltage_threshold(int line_freq, uint16_t ugain, float multiplier) {
+  // this assumes that 60Hz electrical systems use 120V mains,
+  // which is usually, but not always the case
+  float nominal_voltage = (line_freq == 60) ? 120.0f : 220.0f;
+  float target_voltage = nominal_voltage * multiplier;
+
+  float peak_01v = target_voltage * 100.0f * std::sqrt(2.0f);  // convert RMS → peak, scale to 0.01V
+  float divider = (2.0f * ugain) / 32768.0f;
+
+  float threshold = peak_01v / divider;
+
+  return static_cast<uint16_t>(threshold);
+}
+
+bool ATM90E32Component::validate_spi_read_(uint16_t expected, const char *context) {
+  uint16_t last = this->read16_(ATM90E32_REGISTER_LASTSPIDATA);
+  if (last != expected) {
+    if (context != nullptr) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] SPI read mismatch: expected 0x%04X, got 0x%04X", context, expected, last);
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "SPI read mismatch: expected 0x%04X, got 0x%04X", expected, last);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
 }
 
 }  // namespace atm90e32

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include "atm90e32_reg.h"
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/spi/spi.h"
@@ -18,6 +19,26 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   static const uint8_t PHASEA = 0;
   static const uint8_t PHASEB = 1;
   static const uint8_t PHASEC = 2;
+  const char *phase_labels[3] = {"A", "B", "C"};
+  // these registers are not sucessive, so we can't just do 'base + phase'
+  const uint16_t voltage_gain_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINB,
+                                              ATM90E32_REGISTER_UGAINC};
+  const uint16_t current_gain_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINB,
+                                              ATM90E32_REGISTER_IGAINC};
+  const uint16_t voltage_offset_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETB,
+                                                ATM90E32_REGISTER_UOFFSETC};
+  const uint16_t current_offset_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETB,
+                                                ATM90E32_REGISTER_IOFFSETC};
+  const uint16_t power_offset_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_POFFSETA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_POFFSETB,
+                                              ATM90E32_REGISTER_POFFSETC};
+  const uint16_t reactive_power_offset_registers[3] = {ATM90E32_REGISTER_QOFFSETA, ATM90E32_REGISTER_QOFFSETB,
+                                                       ATM90E32_REGISTER_QOFFSETC};
+  const uint16_t over_voltage_flags[3] = {ATM90E32_STATUS_S0_OVPHASEAST, ATM90E32_STATUS_S0_OVPHASEBST,
+                                          ATM90E32_STATUS_S0_OVPHASECST};
+  const uint16_t voltage_sag_flags[3] = {ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_SAGPHASEAST, ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_SAGPHASEBST,
+                                         ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_SAGPHASECST};
+  const uint16_t phase_loss_flags[3] = {ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_PHASELOSSAST, ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_PHASELOSSBST,
+                                        ATM90E32_STATUS_S1_PHASELOSSCST};
   void loop() override;
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
@@ -42,6 +63,14 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   void set_peak_current_sensor(int phase, sensor::Sensor *obj) { this->phase_[phase].peak_current_sensor_ = obj; }
   void set_volt_gain(int phase, uint16_t gain) { this->phase_[phase].voltage_gain_ = gain; }
   void set_ct_gain(int phase, uint16_t gain) { this->phase_[phase].ct_gain_ = gain; }
+  void set_voltage_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) { this->offset_phase_[phase].voltage_offset_ = offset; }
+  void set_current_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) { this->offset_phase_[phase].current_offset_ = offset; }
+  void set_active_power_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) {
+    this->power_offset_phase_[phase].active_power_offset = offset;
+  }
+  void set_reactive_power_offset(uint8_t phase, int16_t offset) {
+    this->power_offset_phase_[phase].reactive_power_offset = offset;
+  }
   void set_freq_sensor(sensor::Sensor *freq_sensor) { freq_sensor_ = freq_sensor; }
   void set_peak_current_signed(bool flag) { peak_current_signed_ = flag; }
   void set_chip_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *chip_temperature_sensor) {
@@ -51,53 +80,104 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   void set_current_phases(int phases) { current_phases_ = phases; }
   void set_pga_gain(uint16_t gain) { pga_gain_ = gain; }
   void run_offset_calibrations();
+  void run_power_offset_calibrations();
   void clear_offset_calibrations();
+  void clear_power_offset_calibrations();
+  void clear_gain_calibrations();
   void set_enable_offset_calibration(bool flag) { enable_offset_calibration_ = flag; }
-  uint16_t calibrate_voltage_offset_phase(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  uint16_t calibrate_current_offset_phase(uint8_t /*phase*/);
+  void set_enable_gain_calibration(bool flag) { enable_gain_calibration_ = flag; }
+  int16_t calibrate_offset(uint8_t phase, bool voltage);
+  int16_t calibrate_power_offset(uint8_t phase, bool reactive);
+  void run_gain_calibrations();
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  void set_reference_voltage(uint8_t phase, number::Number *ref_voltage) { ref_voltages_[phase] = ref_voltage; }
+  void set_reference_current(uint8_t phase, number::Number *ref_current) { ref_currents_[phase] = ref_current; }
+#endif
+  float get_reference_voltage(uint8_t phase) {
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+    return (phase >= 0 && phase < 3 && ref_voltages_[phase]) ? ref_voltages_[phase]->state : 120.0;  // Default voltage
+#else
+    return 120.0;  // Default voltage
+#endif
+  }
+  float get_reference_current(uint8_t phase) {
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+    return (phase >= 0 && phase < 3 && ref_currents_[phase]) ? ref_currents_[phase]->state : 5.0f;  // Default current
+#else
+    return 5.0f;   // Default current
+#endif
+  }
+  bool using_saved_calibrations_ = false;  // Track if stored calibrations are being used
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  void check_phase_status();
+  void check_freq_status();
+  void check_over_current();
+  void set_phase_status_text_sensor(uint8_t phase, text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) {
+    this->phase_status_text_sensor_[phase] = sensor;
+  }
+  void set_freq_status_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *sensor) { this->freq_status_text_sensor_ = sensor; }
+#endif
+  uint16_t calculate_voltage_threshold(int line_freq, uint16_t ugain, float multiplier);
   int32_t last_periodic_millis = millis();
 
  protected:
+#ifdef USE_NUMBER
+  number::Number *ref_voltages_[3]{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
+  number::Number *ref_currents_[3]{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
+#endif
   uint16_t read16_(uint16_t a_register);
   int read32_(uint16_t addr_h, uint16_t addr_l);
   void write16_(uint16_t a_register, uint16_t val);
-  float get_local_phase_voltage_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_current_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_active_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_reverse_active_energy_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_angle_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_local_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_voltage_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_voltage_avg_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_current_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_current_avg_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_active_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_reverse_active_energy_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_angle_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
-  float get_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t /*phase*/);
+  float get_local_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_current_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_active_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_apparent_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_reverse_active_energy_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_angle_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_local_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_voltage_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_voltage_avg_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_current_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_current_avg_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_active_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_reactive_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_apparent_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_power_factor_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_forward_active_energy_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_reverse_active_energy_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_angle_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_harmonic_active_power_(uint8_t phase);
+  float get_phase_peak_current_(uint8_t phase);
   float get_frequency_();
   float get_chip_temperature_();
   bool get_publish_interval_flag_() { return publish_interval_flag_; };
   void set_publish_interval_flag_(bool flag) { publish_interval_flag_ = flag; };
-  void restore_calibrations_();
+  void restore_offset_calibrations_();
+  void restore_power_offset_calibrations_();
+  void restore_gain_calibrations_();
+  void save_gain_calibration_to_memory_();
+  void write_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t voltage_offset, int16_t current_offset);
+  void write_power_offsets_to_registers_(uint8_t phase, int16_t p_offset, int16_t q_offset);
+  void write_gains_to_registers_();
+  bool verify_gain_writes_();
+  bool validate_spi_read_(uint16_t expected, const char *context = nullptr);
 
   struct ATM90E32Phase {
     uint16_t voltage_gain_{0};
     uint16_t ct_gain_{0};
-    uint16_t voltage_offset_{0};
-    uint16_t current_offset_{0};
+    int16_t voltage_offset_{0};
+    int16_t current_offset_{0};
+    int16_t active_power_offset_{0};
+    int16_t reactive_power_offset_{0};
     float voltage_{0};
     float current_{0};
     float active_power_{0};
     float reactive_power_{0};
+    float apparent_power_{0};
     float power_factor_{0};
     float forward_active_energy_{0};
     float reverse_active_energy_{0};
@@ -119,14 +199,30 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
     uint32_t cumulative_reverse_active_energy_{0};
   } phase_[3];
 
-  struct Calibration {
-    uint16_t voltage_offset_{0};
-    uint16_t current_offset_{0};
+  struct OffsetCalibration {
+    int16_t voltage_offset_{0};
+    int16_t current_offset_{0};
   } offset_phase_[3];
 
-  ESPPreferenceObject pref_;
+  struct PowerOffsetCalibration {
+    int16_t active_power_offset{0};
+    int16_t reactive_power_offset{0};
+  } power_offset_phase_[3];
+
+  struct GainCalibration {
+    uint16_t voltage_gain{1};
+    uint16_t current_gain{1};
+  } gain_phase_[3];
+
+  ESPPreferenceObject offset_pref_;
+  ESPPreferenceObject power_offset_pref_;
+  ESPPreferenceObject gain_calibration_pref_;
 
   sensor::Sensor *freq_sensor_{nullptr};
+#ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
+  text_sensor::TextSensor *phase_status_text_sensor_[3]{nullptr};
+  text_sensor::TextSensor *freq_status_text_sensor_{nullptr};
+#endif
   sensor::Sensor *chip_temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
   uint16_t pga_gain_{0x15};
   int line_freq_{60};
@@ -134,6 +230,7 @@ class ATM90E32Component : public PollingComponent,
   bool publish_interval_flag_{false};
   bool peak_current_signed_{false};
   bool enable_offset_calibration_{false};
+  bool enable_gain_calibration_{false};
 };
 
 }  // namespace atm90e32

esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32_reg.h

@@ -176,16 +176,17 @@ static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_ANENERGYCH = 0xAF;  // C Reverse Harm. E
 
 /* POWER & P.F. REGISTERS */
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANT = 0xB0;   // Total Mean Power (P)
-static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEAN = 0xB1;    // Mean Power Reg Base (P)
+static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEAN = 0xB1;    // Active Power Reg Base (P)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANA = 0xB1;   // A Mean Power (P)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANB = 0xB2;   // B Mean Power (P)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_PMEANC = 0xB3;   // C Mean Power (P)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANT = 0xB4;   // Total Mean Power (Q)
-static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEAN = 0xB5;    // Mean Power Reg Base (Q)
+static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEAN = 0xB5;    // Reactive Power Reg Base (Q)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANA = 0xB5;   // A Mean Power (Q)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANB = 0xB6;   // B Mean Power (Q)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANC = 0xB7;   // C Mean Power (Q)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANT = 0xB8;   // Total Mean Power (S)
+static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEAN = 0xB9;    // Apparent Mean Power Base (S)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANA = 0xB9;   // A Mean Power (S)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANB = 0xBA;   // B Mean Power (S)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANC = 0xBB;   // C Mean Power (S)
@@ -206,6 +207,7 @@ static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANALSB = 0xC5;   // Lower Word (A Rea
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANBLSB = 0xC6;   // Lower Word (B React. Power)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_QMEANCLSB = 0xC7;   // Lower Word (C React. Power)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SAMEANTLSB = 0xC8;  // Lower Word (Tot. App. Power)
+static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANLSB = 0xC9;    // Lower Word Reg Base (Apparent Power)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANALSB = 0xC9;   // Lower Word (A App. Power)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANBLSB = 0xCA;   // Lower Word (B App. Power)
 static const uint16_t ATM90E32_REGISTER_SMEANCLSB = 0xCB;   // Lower Word (C App. Power)

esphome/components/atm90e32/button/__init__.py

@@ -1,43 +1,95 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_CHIP, ICON_SCALE
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_SCALE
 
 from .. import atm90e32_ns
 from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
 
+CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION = "run_gain_calibration"
+CONF_CLEAR_GAIN_CALIBRATION = "clear_gain_calibration"
 CONF_RUN_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "run_offset_calibration"
 CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "clear_offset_calibration"
+CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "run_power_offset_calibration"
+CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "clear_power_offset_calibration"
 
-ATM90E32CalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
-    "ATM90E32CalibrationButton",
-    button.Button,
+ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton", button.Button
 )
-ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
-    "ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton",
-    button.Button,
+ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton", button.Button
+)
+ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
+)
+ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
+)
+ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
+)
+ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton", button.Button
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(ATM90E32Component),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
+        ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        icon="mdi:scale-balance",
+    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_GAIN_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
+        ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        icon="mdi:delete",
+    ),
     cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
-        ATM90E32CalibrationButton,
+        ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
         icon=ICON_SCALE,
     ),
     cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
-        ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton,
+        ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton,
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
-        icon=ICON_CHIP,
+        icon="mdi:delete",
+    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
+        ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        icon=ICON_SCALE,
+    ),
+    cv.Optional(CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION): button.button_schema(
+        ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton,
+        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        icon="mdi:delete",
     ),
 }
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+
+    if run_gain := config.get(CONF_RUN_GAIN_CALIBRATION):
+        b = await button.new_button(run_gain)
+        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+
+    if clear_gain := config.get(CONF_CLEAR_GAIN_CALIBRATION):
+        b = await button.new_button(clear_gain)
+        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+
     if run_offset := config.get(CONF_RUN_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
         b = await button.new_button(run_offset)
         await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+
     if clear_offset := config.get(CONF_CLEAR_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
         b = await button.new_button(clear_offset)
         await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+
+    if run_power := config.get(CONF_RUN_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
+        b = await button.new_button(run_power)
+        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)
+
+    if clear_power := config.get(CONF_CLEAR_POWER_OFFSET_CALIBRATION):
+        b = await button.new_button(clear_power)
+        await cg.register_parented(b, parent)

esphome/components/atm90e32/button/atm90e32_button.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "atm90e32_button.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -6,15 +7,73 @@ namespace atm90e32 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "atm90e32.button";
 
-void ATM90E32CalibrationButton::press_action() {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Running offset calibrations, Note: CTs and ACVs must be 0 during this process...");
+void ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Gain Calibration button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG,
+           "[CALIBRATION] Use gain_ct: & gain_voltage: under each phase_x: in your config file to save these values");
+  this->parent_->run_gain_calibrations();
+}
+
+void ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Clear Gain button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
+  this->parent_->clear_gain_calibrations();
+}
+
+void ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Offset Calibration button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] **NOTE: CTs and ACVs must be 0 during this process. USB power only**");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Use offset_voltage: & offset_current: under each phase_x: in your config file to save "
+                "these values");
   this->parent_->run_offset_calibrations();
 }
 
-void ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton::press_action() {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Offset calibrations cleared.");
+void ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Clear Offset button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
   this->parent_->clear_offset_calibrations();
 }
 
+void ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Power Calibration button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] **NOTE: CTs must be 0 during this process. Voltage reference should be present**");
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] Use offset_active_power: & offset_reactive_power: under each phase_x: in your config "
+                "file to save these values");
+  this->parent_->run_power_offset_calibrations();
+}
+
+void ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton::press_action() {
+  if (this->parent_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[CALIBRATION] No meters assigned to Clear Power button [%s]", this->get_name().c_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%s", this->get_name().c_str());
+  this->parent_->clear_power_offset_calibrations();
+}
+
 }  // namespace atm90e32
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/atm90e32/button/atm90e32_button.h

@@ -7,17 +7,49 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace atm90e32 {
 
-class ATM90E32CalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+class ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
  public:
-  ATM90E32CalibrationButton() = default;
+  ATM90E32GainCalibrationButton() = default;
 
  protected:
   void press_action() override;
 };
 
-class ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+class ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
  public:
-  ATM90E32ClearCalibrationButton() = default;
+  ATM90E32ClearGainCalibrationButton() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+class ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+ public:
+  ATM90E32OffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+class ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+ public:
+  ATM90E32ClearOffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+class ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+ public:
+  ATM90E32PowerOffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  void press_action() override;
+};
+
+class ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton : public button::Button, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+ public:
+  ATM90E32ClearPowerOffsetCalibrationButton() = default;
 
  protected:
   void press_action() override;

esphome/components/atm90e32/number/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import number
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MAX_VALUE,
+    CONF_MIN_VALUE,
+    CONF_MODE,
+    CONF_PHASE_A,
+    CONF_PHASE_B,
+    CONF_PHASE_C,
+    CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE,
+    CONF_STEP,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    UNIT_AMPERE,
+    UNIT_VOLT,
+)
+
+from .. import atm90e32_ns
+from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
+
+ATM90E32Number = atm90e32_ns.class_(
+    "ATM90E32Number", number.Number, cg.Parented.template(ATM90E32Component)
+)
+
+CONF_REFERENCE_CURRENT = "reference_current"
+PHASE_KEYS = [CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_PHASE_B, CONF_PHASE_C]
+
+
+REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_PHASE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODE, default="box"): cv.string,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_VALUE, default=100.0): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_VALUE, default=260.0): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_STEP, default=0.1): cv.float_,
+        }
+    ).extend(
+        number.number_schema(
+            class_=ATM90E32Number,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+            icon="mdi:power-plug",
+        )
+    )
+)
+
+
+REFERENCE_CURRENT_PHASE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODE, default="box"): cv.string,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MIN_VALUE, default=1.0): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_VALUE, default=200.0): cv.float_,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_STEP, default=0.1): cv.float_,
+        }
+    ).extend(
+        number.number_schema(
+            class_=ATM90E32Number,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_AMPERE,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+            icon="mdi:home-lightning-bolt",
+        )
+    )
+)
+
+
+REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_A): REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_B): REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_C): REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+    }
+)
+
+REFERENCE_CURRENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_A): REFERENCE_CURRENT_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_B): REFERENCE_CURRENT_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_C): REFERENCE_CURRENT_PHASE_SCHEMA,
+    }
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(ATM90E32Component),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE): REFERENCE_VOLTAGE_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_REFERENCE_CURRENT): REFERENCE_CURRENT_SCHEMA,
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+
+    if voltage_cfg := config.get(CONF_REFERENCE_VOLTAGE):
+        voltage_objs = [None, None, None]
+
+        for i, key in enumerate(PHASE_KEYS):
+            if validated := voltage_cfg.get(key):
+                obj = await number.new_number(
+                    validated,
+                    min_value=validated["min_value"],
+                    max_value=validated["max_value"],
+                    step=validated["step"],
+                )
+                await cg.register_parented(obj, parent)
+                voltage_objs[i] = obj
+
+        # Inherit from A → B/C if only A defined
+        if voltage_objs[0] is not None:
+            for i in range(3):
+                if voltage_objs[i] is None:
+                    voltage_objs[i] = voltage_objs[0]
+
+        for i, obj in enumerate(voltage_objs):
+            if obj is not None:
+                cg.add(parent.set_reference_voltage(i, obj))
+
+    if current_cfg := config.get(CONF_REFERENCE_CURRENT):
+        for i, key in enumerate(PHASE_KEYS):
+            if validated := current_cfg.get(key):
+                obj = await number.new_number(
+                    validated,
+                    min_value=validated["min_value"],
+                    max_value=validated["max_value"],
+                    step=validated["step"],
+                )
+                await cg.register_parented(obj, parent)
+                cg.add(parent.set_reference_current(i, obj))

esphome/components/atm90e32/number/atm90e32_number.h

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/components/atm90e32/atm90e32.h"
+#include "esphome/components/number/number.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace atm90e32 {
+
+class ATM90E32Number : public number::Number, public Parented<ATM90E32Component> {
+ public:
+  void control(float value) override { this->publish_state(value); }
+};
+
+}  // namespace atm90e32
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/atm90e32/sensor.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_HERTZ,
     UNIT_VOLT,
+    UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
     UNIT_VOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE,
     UNIT_WATT,
     UNIT_WATT_HOURS,
@@ -45,10 +46,17 @@ CONF_GAIN_PGA = "gain_pga"
 CONF_CURRENT_PHASES = "current_phases"
 CONF_GAIN_VOLTAGE = "gain_voltage"
 CONF_GAIN_CT = "gain_ct"
+CONF_OFFSET_VOLTAGE = "offset_voltage"
+CONF_OFFSET_CURRENT = "offset_current"
+CONF_OFFSET_ACTIVE_POWER = "offset_active_power"
+CONF_OFFSET_REACTIVE_POWER = "offset_reactive_power"
 CONF_HARMONIC_POWER = "harmonic_power"
 CONF_PEAK_CURRENT = "peak_current"
 CONF_PEAK_CURRENT_SIGNED = "peak_current_signed"
 CONF_ENABLE_OFFSET_CALIBRATION = "enable_offset_calibration"
+CONF_ENABLE_GAIN_CALIBRATION = "enable_gain_calibration"
+CONF_PHASE_STATUS = "phase_status"
+CONF_FREQUENCY_STATUS = "frequency_status"
 UNIT_DEG = "degrees"
 LINE_FREQS = {
     "50HZ": 50,
@@ -92,10 +100,11 @@ ATM90E32_PHASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT_AMPS_REACTIVE,
             icon=ICON_LIGHTBULB,
             accuracy_decimals=2,
+            device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_APPARENT_POWER): sensor.sensor_schema(
-            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_WATT,
+            unit_of_measurement=UNIT_VOLT_AMPS,
             accuracy_decimals=2,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_POWER,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
@@ -137,6 +146,10 @@ ATM90E32_PHASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
         ),
         cv.Optional(CONF_GAIN_VOLTAGE, default=7305): cv.uint16_t,
         cv.Optional(CONF_GAIN_CT, default=27961): cv.uint16_t,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OFFSET_VOLTAGE, default=0): cv.int_,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OFFSET_CURRENT, default=0): cv.int_,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OFFSET_ACTIVE_POWER, default=0): cv.int_,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OFFSET_REACTIVE_POWER, default=0): cv.int_,
     }
 )
 
@@ -164,9 +177,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Optional(CONF_CURRENT_PHASES, default="3"): cv.enum(
                 CURRENT_PHASES, upper=True
             ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_GAIN_PGA, default="2X"): cv.enum(PGA_GAINS, upper=True),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_GAIN_PGA, default="1X"): cv.enum(PGA_GAINS, upper=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PEAK_CURRENT_SIGNED, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_OFFSET_CALIBRATION, default=False): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_GAIN_CALIBRATION, default=False): cv.boolean,
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
@@ -185,6 +199,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
         conf = config[phase]
         cg.add(var.set_volt_gain(i, conf[CONF_GAIN_VOLTAGE]))
         cg.add(var.set_ct_gain(i, conf[CONF_GAIN_CT]))
+        cg.add(var.set_voltage_offset(i, conf[CONF_OFFSET_VOLTAGE]))
+        cg.add(var.set_current_offset(i, conf[CONF_OFFSET_CURRENT]))
+        cg.add(var.set_active_power_offset(i, conf[CONF_OFFSET_ACTIVE_POWER]))
+        cg.add(var.set_reactive_power_offset(i, conf[CONF_OFFSET_REACTIVE_POWER]))
         if voltage_config := conf.get(CONF_VOLTAGE):
             sens = await sensor.new_sensor(voltage_config)
             cg.add(var.set_voltage_sensor(i, sens))
@@ -218,16 +236,15 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if peak_current_config := conf.get(CONF_PEAK_CURRENT):
             sens = await sensor.new_sensor(peak_current_config)
             cg.add(var.set_peak_current_sensor(i, sens))
-
     if frequency_config := config.get(CONF_FREQUENCY):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(frequency_config)
         cg.add(var.set_freq_sensor(sens))
     if chip_temperature_config := config.get(CONF_CHIP_TEMPERATURE):
         sens = await sensor.new_sensor(chip_temperature_config)
         cg.add(var.set_chip_temperature_sensor(sens))
-
     cg.add(var.set_line_freq(config[CONF_LINE_FREQUENCY]))
     cg.add(var.set_current_phases(config[CONF_CURRENT_PHASES]))
     cg.add(var.set_pga_gain(config[CONF_GAIN_PGA]))
     cg.add(var.set_peak_current_signed(config[CONF_PEAK_CURRENT_SIGNED]))
     cg.add(var.set_enable_offset_calibration(config[CONF_ENABLE_OFFSET_CALIBRATION]))
+    cg.add(var.set_enable_gain_calibration(config[CONF_ENABLE_GAIN_CALIBRATION]))

esphome/components/atm90e32/text_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import text_sensor
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_PHASE_B, CONF_PHASE_C
+
+from ..sensor import ATM90E32Component
+
+CONF_PHASE_STATUS = "phase_status"
+CONF_FREQUENCY_STATUS = "frequency_status"
+PHASE_KEYS = [CONF_PHASE_A, CONF_PHASE_B, CONF_PHASE_C]
+
+PHASE_STATUS_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_A): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            icon="mdi:flash-alert"
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_B): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            icon="mdi:flash-alert"
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_C): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            icon="mdi:flash-alert"
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(ATM90E32Component),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PHASE_STATUS): PHASE_STATUS_SCHEMA,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FREQUENCY_STATUS): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
+            icon="mdi:lightbulb-alert"
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+
+    if phase_cfg := config.get(CONF_PHASE_STATUS):
+        for i, key in enumerate(PHASE_KEYS):
+            if sub_phase_cfg := phase_cfg.get(key):
+                sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(sub_phase_cfg)
+                cg.add(parent.set_phase_status_text_sensor(i, sens))
+
+    if freq_status_config := config.get(CONF_FREQUENCY_STATUS):
+        sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(freq_status_config)
+        cg.add(parent.set_freq_status_text_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/audio/__init__.py

@@ -37,16 +37,13 @@ AUDIO_COMPONENT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 )
 
 
-_UNDEF = object()
-
-
 def set_stream_limits(
-    min_bits_per_sample: int = _UNDEF,
-    max_bits_per_sample: int = _UNDEF,
-    min_channels: int = _UNDEF,
-    max_channels: int = _UNDEF,
-    min_sample_rate: int = _UNDEF,
-    max_sample_rate: int = _UNDEF,
+    min_bits_per_sample: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    max_bits_per_sample: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    min_channels: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    max_channels: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    min_sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    max_sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
 ):
     """Sets the limits for the audio stream that audio component can handle
 
@@ -55,17 +52,17 @@ def set_stream_limits(
     """
 
     def set_limits_in_config(config):
-        if min_bits_per_sample is not _UNDEF:
+        if min_bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MIN_BITS_PER_SAMPLE] = min_bits_per_sample
-        if max_bits_per_sample is not _UNDEF:
+        if max_bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MAX_BITS_PER_SAMPLE] = max_bits_per_sample
-        if min_channels is not _UNDEF:
+        if min_channels is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MIN_CHANNELS] = min_channels
-        if max_channels is not _UNDEF:
+        if max_channels is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MAX_CHANNELS] = max_channels
-        if min_sample_rate is not _UNDEF:
+        if min_sample_rate is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE] = min_sample_rate
-        if max_sample_rate is not _UNDEF:
+        if max_sample_rate is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             config[CONF_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE] = max_sample_rate
 
     return set_limits_in_config
@@ -75,10 +72,10 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
     name: str,
     *,
     audio_device: str,
-    bits_per_sample: int = _UNDEF,
-    channels: int = _UNDEF,
-    sample_rate: int = _UNDEF,
-    enabled_channels: list[int] = _UNDEF,
+    bits_per_sample: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    channels: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    sample_rate: int = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    enabled_channels: list[int] = cv.UNDEFINED,
     audio_device_issue: bool = False,
 ):
     """Validates audio compatibility when passed between different components.
@@ -101,7 +98,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
     def validate_audio_compatiblity(audio_config):
         audio_schema = {}
 
-        if bits_per_sample is not _UNDEF:
+        if bits_per_sample is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             try:
                 cv.int_range(
                     min=audio_config.get(CONF_MIN_BITS_PER_SAMPLE),
@@ -114,7 +111,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
                     error_string = f"Invalid configuration for the {name} component. The {CONF_BITS_PER_SAMPLE} {str(exc)}"
                 raise cv.Invalid(error_string) from exc
 
-        if channels is not _UNDEF:
+        if channels is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             try:
                 cv.int_range(
                     min=audio_config.get(CONF_MIN_CHANNELS),
@@ -127,7 +124,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
                     error_string = f"Invalid configuration for the {name} component. The {CONF_NUM_CHANNELS} {str(exc)}"
                 raise cv.Invalid(error_string) from exc
 
-        if sample_rate is not _UNDEF:
+        if sample_rate is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             try:
                 cv.int_range(
                     min=audio_config.get(CONF_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE),
@@ -140,7 +137,7 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
                     error_string = f"Invalid configuration for the {name} component. The {CONF_SAMPLE_RATE} {str(exc)}"
                 raise cv.Invalid(error_string) from exc
 
-        if enabled_channels is not _UNDEF:
+        if enabled_channels is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             for channel in enabled_channels:
                 try:
                     # Channels are 0-indexed
@@ -168,4 +165,4 @@ def final_validate_audio_schema(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    cg.add_library("esphome/esp-audio-libs", "1.1.3")
+    cg.add_library("esphome/esp-audio-libs", "1.1.4")

esphome/components/audio/audio.h

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ const char *audio_file_type_to_string(AudioFileType file_type);
 void scale_audio_samples(const int16_t *audio_samples, int16_t *output_buffer, int16_t scale_factor,
                          size_t samples_to_scale);
 
-/// @brief Unpacks a quantized audio sample into a Q31 fixed point number.
+/// @brief Unpacks a quantized audio sample into a Q31 fixed-point number.
 /// @param data Pointer to uint8_t array containing the audio sample
 /// @param bytes_per_sample The number of bytes per sample
 /// @return Q31 sample
@@ -160,5 +160,28 @@ inline int32_t unpack_audio_sample_to_q31(const uint8_t *data, size_t bytes_per_
   return sample;
 }
 
+/// @brief Packs a Q31 fixed-point number as an audio sample with the specified number of bytes per sample.
+/// Packs the most significant bits - no dithering is applied.
+/// @param sample Q31 fixed-point number to pack
+/// @param data Pointer to data array to store
+/// @param bytes_per_sample The audio data's bytes per sample
+inline void pack_q31_as_audio_sample(int32_t sample, uint8_t *data, size_t bytes_per_sample) {
+  if (bytes_per_sample == 1) {
+    data[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 24);
+  } else if (bytes_per_sample == 2) {
+    data[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 16);
+    data[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 24);
+  } else if (bytes_per_sample == 3) {
+    data[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 8);
+    data[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 16);
+    data[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 24);
+  } else if (bytes_per_sample == 4) {
+    data[0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample);
+    data[1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 8);
+    data[2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 16);
+    data[3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(sample >> 24);
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace audio
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/audio/audio_decoder.cpp

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ AudioDecoderState AudioDecoder::decode(bool stop_gracefully) {
 
     bytes_available_before_processing = this->input_transfer_buffer_->available();
 
-    if ((this->potentially_failed_count_ > 10) && (bytes_read == 0)) {
+    if ((this->potentially_failed_count_ > 0) && (bytes_read == 0)) {
       // Failed to decode in last attempt and there is no new data
 
       if ((this->input_transfer_buffer_->free() == 0) && first_loop_iteration) {

esphome/components/ballu/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bazuchan"]
@@ -9,13 +7,8 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@bazuchan"]
 ballu_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ballu")
 BalluClimate = ballu_ns.class_("BalluClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BalluClimate),
-    }
-)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(BalluClimate)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)

esphome/components/bang_bang/climate.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEFAULT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_LOW,
     CONF_HEAT_ACTION,
     CONF_HUMIDITY_SENSOR,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_IDLE_ACTION,
     CONF_SENSOR,
 )
@@ -19,9 +18,9 @@ BangBangClimate = bang_bang_ns.class_("BangBangClimate", climate.Climate, cg.Com
 BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig = bang_bang_ns.struct("BangBangClimateTargetTempConfig")
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(
+    climate.climate_schema(BangBangClimate)
+    .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BangBangClimate),
             cv.Required(CONF_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
             cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
             cv.Required(CONF_DEFAULT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE_LOW): cv.temperature,
@@ -36,15 +35,15 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 }
             ),
         }
-    ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_COOL_ACTION, CONF_HEAT_ACTION),
 )
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await climate.register_climate(var, config)
 
     sens = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SENSOR])
     cg.add(var.set_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_hub.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "bedjet_hub.h"
 #include "bedjet_child.h"
 #include "bedjet_const.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
 
 namespace esphome {

esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
-import logging
-
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import ble_client, climate
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_HEAT_MODE,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_RECEIVE_TIMEOUT,
     CONF_TEMPERATURE_SOURCE,
     CONF_TIME_ID,
@@ -13,7 +10,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
 
 from .. import BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA, bedjet_ns, register_bedjet_child
 
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jhansche"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["bedjet"]
 
@@ -30,9 +26,9 @@ BEDJET_TEMPERATURE_SOURCES = {
 }
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(
+    climate.climate_schema(BedJetClimate)
+    .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BedJetClimate),
             cv.Optional(CONF_HEAT_MODE, default="heat"): cv.enum(
                 BEDJET_HEAT_MODES, lower=True
             ),
@@ -63,9 +59,8 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await climate.new_climate(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await climate.register_climate(var, config)
     await register_bedjet_child(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_heating_mode(config[CONF_HEAT_MODE]))

esphome/components/bedjet/fan/__init__.py

@@ -1,31 +1,22 @@
-import logging
-
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import fan
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 from .. import BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA, bedjet_ns, register_bedjet_child
 
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jhansche"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["bedjet"]
 
 BedJetFan = bedjet_ns.class_("BedJetFan", fan.Fan, cg.PollingComponent)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
-    fan.FAN_SCHEMA.extend(
-        {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BedJetFan),
-        }
-    )
+    fan.fan_schema(BedJetFan)
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
     .extend(BEDJET_CLIENT_SCHEMA)
 )
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await fan.new_fan(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await fan.register_fan(var, config)
     await register_bedjet_child(var, config)

esphome/components/binary/fan/__init__.py

@@ -1,31 +1,28 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import fan, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import (
-    CONF_DIRECTION_OUTPUT,
-    CONF_OSCILLATION_OUTPUT,
-    CONF_OUTPUT,
-    CONF_OUTPUT_ID,
-)
+from esphome.const import CONF_DIRECTION_OUTPUT, CONF_OSCILLATION_OUTPUT, CONF_OUTPUT
 
 from .. import binary_ns
 
 BinaryFan = binary_ns.class_("BinaryFan", fan.Fan, cg.Component)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = fan.FAN_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(BinaryFan),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OUTPUT): cv.use_id(output.BinaryOutput),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_DIRECTION_OUTPUT): cv.use_id(output.BinaryOutput),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_OSCILLATION_OUTPUT): cv.use_id(output.BinaryOutput),
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    fan.fan_schema(BinaryFan)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_OUTPUT): cv.use_id(output.BinaryOutput),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DIRECTION_OUTPUT): cv.use_id(output.BinaryOutput),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OSCILLATION_OUTPUT): cv.use_id(output.BinaryOutput),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
+    var = await fan.new_fan(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await fan.register_fan(var, config)
 
     output_ = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_OUTPUT])
     cg.add(var.set_output(output_))

esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ def validate_click_timing(value):
     return value
 
 
-BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = (
+_BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
@@ -458,19 +458,17 @@ BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = (
     )
 )
 
-_UNDEF = object()
-
 
 def binary_sensor_schema(
-    class_: MockObjClass = _UNDEF,
+    class_: MockObjClass = cv.UNDEFINED,
     *,
-    icon: str = _UNDEF,
-    entity_category: str = _UNDEF,
-    device_class: str = _UNDEF,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    device_class: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
 ) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = {}
 
-    if class_ is not _UNDEF:
+    if class_ is not cv.UNDEFINED:
         # Not cv.optional
         schema[cv.GenerateID()] = cv.declare_id(class_)
 
@@ -479,10 +477,15 @@ def binary_sensor_schema(
         (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
         (CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, device_class, validate_device_class),
     ]:
-        if default is not _UNDEF:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
 
-    return BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+    return _BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = binary_sensor_schema()
+BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("binary_sensor"))
 
 
 async def setup_binary_sensor_core_(var, config):

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp

@@ -15,17 +15,21 @@ void BinarySensor::publish_state(bool state) {
   if (!this->publish_dedup_.next(state))
     return;
   if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
-    this->send_state_internal(state);
+    this->send_state_internal(state, false);
   } else {
-    this->filter_list_->input(state);
+    this->filter_list_->input(state, false);
   }
 }
 void BinarySensor::publish_initial_state(bool state) {
-  this->has_state_ = false;
-  this->publish_state(state);
+  if (!this->publish_dedup_.next(state))
+    return;
+  if (this->filter_list_ == nullptr) {
+    this->send_state_internal(state, true);
+  } else {
+    this->filter_list_->input(state, true);
+  }
 }
-void BinarySensor::send_state_internal(bool state) {
-  bool is_initial = !this->has_state_;
+void BinarySensor::send_state_internal(bool state, bool is_initial) {
   if (is_initial) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Sending initial state %s", this->get_name().c_str(), ONOFF(state));
   } else {

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class BinarySensor : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
 
   // ========== INTERNAL METHODS ==========
   // (In most use cases you won't need these)
-  void send_state_internal(bool state);
+  void send_state_internal(bool state, bool is_initial);
 
   /// Return whether this binary sensor has outputted a state.
   virtual bool has_state() const;

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp

@@ -9,37 +9,37 @@ namespace binary_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sensor.filter";
 
-void Filter::output(bool value) {
+void Filter::output(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (!this->dedup_.next(value))
     return;
 
   if (this->next_ == nullptr) {
-    this->parent_->send_state_internal(value);
+    this->parent_->send_state_internal(value, is_initial);
   } else {
-    this->next_->input(value);
+    this->next_->input(value, is_initial);
   }
 }
-void Filter::input(bool value) {
-  auto b = this->new_value(value);
+void Filter::input(bool value, bool is_initial) {
+  auto b = this->new_value(value, is_initial);
   if (b.has_value()) {
-    this->output(*b);
+    this->output(*b, is_initial);
   }
 }
 
-optional<bool> DelayedOnOffFilter::new_value(bool value) {
+optional<bool> DelayedOnOffFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (value) {
-    this->set_timeout("ON_OFF", this->on_delay_.value(), [this]() { this->output(true); });
+    this->set_timeout("ON_OFF", this->on_delay_.value(), [this, is_initial]() { this->output(true, is_initial); });
   } else {
-    this->set_timeout("ON_OFF", this->off_delay_.value(), [this]() { this->output(false); });
+    this->set_timeout("ON_OFF", this->off_delay_.value(), [this, is_initial]() { this->output(false, is_initial); });
   }
   return {};
 }
 
 float DelayedOnOffFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
-optional<bool> DelayedOnFilter::new_value(bool value) {
+optional<bool> DelayedOnFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (value) {
-    this->set_timeout("ON", this->delay_.value(), [this]() { this->output(true); });
+    this->set_timeout("ON", this->delay_.value(), [this, is_initial]() { this->output(true, is_initial); });
     return {};
   } else {
     this->cancel_timeout("ON");
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ optional<bool> DelayedOnFilter::new_value(bool value) {
 
 float DelayedOnFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
-optional<bool> DelayedOffFilter::new_value(bool value) {
+optional<bool> DelayedOffFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (!value) {
-    this->set_timeout("OFF", this->delay_.value(), [this]() { this->output(false); });
+    this->set_timeout("OFF", this->delay_.value(), [this, is_initial]() { this->output(false, is_initial); });
     return {};
   } else {
     this->cancel_timeout("OFF");
@@ -61,11 +61,11 @@ optional<bool> DelayedOffFilter::new_value(bool value) {
 
 float DelayedOffFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
-optional<bool> InvertFilter::new_value(bool value) { return !value; }
+optional<bool> InvertFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) { return !value; }
 
 AutorepeatFilter::AutorepeatFilter(std::vector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings) : timings_(std::move(timings)) {}
 
-optional<bool> AutorepeatFilter::new_value(bool value) {
+optional<bool> AutorepeatFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (value) {
     // Ignore if already running
     if (this->active_timing_ != 0)
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ void AutorepeatFilter::next_timing_() {
 
 void AutorepeatFilter::next_value_(bool val) {
   const AutorepeatFilterTiming &timing = this->timings_[this->active_timing_ - 2];
-  this->output(val);
+  this->output(val, false);  // This is at least the second one so not initial
   this->set_timeout("ON_OFF", val ? timing.time_on : timing.time_off, [this, val]() { this->next_value_(!val); });
 }
 
@@ -109,18 +109,18 @@ float AutorepeatFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARD
 
 LambdaFilter::LambdaFilter(std::function<optional<bool>(bool)> f) : f_(std::move(f)) {}
 
-optional<bool> LambdaFilter::new_value(bool value) { return this->f_(value); }
+optional<bool> LambdaFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) { return this->f_(value); }
 
-optional<bool> SettleFilter::new_value(bool value) {
+optional<bool> SettleFilter::new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) {
   if (!this->steady_) {
-    this->set_timeout("SETTLE", this->delay_.value(), [this, value]() {
+    this->set_timeout("SETTLE", this->delay_.value(), [this, value, is_initial]() {
       this->steady_ = true;
-      this->output(value);
+      this->output(value, is_initial);
     });
     return {};
   } else {
     this->steady_ = false;
-    this->output(value);
+    this->output(value, is_initial);
     this->set_timeout("SETTLE", this->delay_.value(), [this]() { this->steady_ = true; });
     return value;
   }

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ class BinarySensor;
 
 class Filter {
  public:
-  virtual optional<bool> new_value(bool value) = 0;
+  virtual optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) = 0;
 
-  void input(bool value);
+  void input(bool value, bool is_initial);
 
-  void output(bool value);
+  void output(bool value, bool is_initial);
 
  protected:
   friend BinarySensor;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class Filter {
 
 class DelayedOnOffFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class DelayedOnOffFilter : public Filter, public Component {
 
 class DelayedOnFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class DelayedOnFilter : public Filter, public Component {
 
 class DelayedOffFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class DelayedOffFilter : public Filter, public Component {
 
 class InvertFilter : public Filter {
  public:
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 };
 
 struct AutorepeatFilterTiming {
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class AutorepeatFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
   explicit AutorepeatFilter(std::vector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings);
 
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class LambdaFilter : public Filter {
  public:
   explicit LambdaFilter(std::function<optional<bool>(bool)> f);
 
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
  protected:
   std::function<optional<bool>(bool)> f_;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class LambdaFilter : public Filter {
 
 class SettleFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
+  optional<bool> new_value(bool value, bool is_initial) override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 

esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from esphome.components import ble_client, esp32_ble_tracker, text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_NOTIFY,
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
@@ -32,9 +31,9 @@ BLETextSensorNotifyTrigger = ble_client_ns.class_(
 )
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    text_sensor.TEXT_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(
+    text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(BLETextSensor)
+    .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLETextSensor),
             cv.Required(CONF_SERVICE_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
             cv.Required(CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID): esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid,
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(config)
     if len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
         cg.add(
             var.set_service_uuid16(esp32_ble_tracker.as_hex(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]))
@@ -101,7 +100,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await ble_client.register_ble_node(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_enable_notify(config[CONF_NOTIFY]))
-    await text_sensor.register_text_sensor(var, config)
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_NOTIFY, []):
         trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], var)
         await ble_client.register_ble_node(trigger, config)

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp

@@ -73,9 +73,8 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->read.handle;
       resp.data.reserve(param->read.value_len);
-      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < param->read.value_len; i++) {
-        resp.data.push_back(param->read.value[i]);
-      }
+      // Use bulk insert instead of individual push_backs
+      resp.data.insert(resp.data.end(), param->read.value, param->read.value + param->read.value_len);
       this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_bluetooth_gatt_read_response(resp);
       break;
     }
@@ -127,9 +126,8 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       resp.address = this->address_;
       resp.handle = param->notify.handle;
       resp.data.reserve(param->notify.value_len);
-      for (uint16_t i = 0; i < param->notify.value_len; i++) {
-        resp.data.push_back(param->notify.value[i]);
-      }
+      // Use bulk insert instead of individual push_backs
+      resp.data.insert(resp.data.end(), param->notify.value, param->notify.value + param->notify.value_len);
       this->proxy_->get_api_connection()->send_bluetooth_gatt_notify_data_response(resp);
       break;
     }

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/macros.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
@@ -51,33 +52,60 @@ bool BluetoothProxy::parse_device(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device)
   return true;
 }
 
+static constexpr size_t FLUSH_BATCH_SIZE = 8;
+static std::vector<api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisement> &get_batch_buffer() {
+  static std::vector<api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisement> batch_buffer;
+  return batch_buffer;
+}
+
 bool BluetoothProxy::parse_devices(esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_scan_result_evt_param *advertisements, size_t count) {
   if (!api::global_api_server->is_connected() || this->api_connection_ == nullptr || !this->raw_advertisements_)
     return false;
 
-  api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse resp;
+  // Get the batch buffer reference
+  auto &batch_buffer = get_batch_buffer();
+
+  // Reserve additional capacity if needed
+  size_t new_size = batch_buffer.size() + count;
+  if (batch_buffer.capacity() < new_size) {
+    batch_buffer.reserve(new_size);
+  }
+
+  // Add new advertisements to the batch buffer
   for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
     auto &result = advertisements[i];
-    api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisement adv;
+    uint8_t length = result.adv_data_len + result.scan_rsp_len;
+
+    batch_buffer.emplace_back();
+    auto &adv = batch_buffer.back();
     adv.address = esp32_ble::ble_addr_to_uint64(result.bda);
     adv.rssi = result.rssi;
     adv.address_type = result.ble_addr_type;
+    adv.data.assign(&result.ble_adv[0], &result.ble_adv[length]);
 
-    uint8_t length = result.adv_data_len + result.scan_rsp_len;
-    adv.data.reserve(length);
-    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-      adv.data.push_back(result.ble_adv[i]);
-    }
-
-    resp.advertisements.push_back(std::move(adv));
-
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Proxying raw packet from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X, length %d. RSSI: %d dB", result.bda[0],
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Queuing raw packet from %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X, length %d. RSSI: %d dB", result.bda[0],
              result.bda[1], result.bda[2], result.bda[3], result.bda[4], result.bda[5], length, result.rssi);
   }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Proxying %d packets", count);
-  this->api_connection_->send_bluetooth_le_raw_advertisements_response(resp);
+
+  // Only send if we've accumulated a good batch size to maximize batching efficiency
+  // https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/21
+  if (batch_buffer.size() >= FLUSH_BATCH_SIZE) {
+    this->flush_pending_advertisements();
+  }
+
   return true;
 }
+
+void BluetoothProxy::flush_pending_advertisements() {
+  auto &batch_buffer = get_batch_buffer();
+  if (batch_buffer.empty() || !api::global_api_server->is_connected() || this->api_connection_ == nullptr)
+    return;
+
+  api::BluetoothLERawAdvertisementsResponse resp;
+  resp.advertisements.swap(batch_buffer);
+  this->api_connection_->send_bluetooth_le_raw_advertisements_response(resp);
+}
+
 void BluetoothProxy::send_api_packet_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &device) {
   api::BluetoothLEAdvertisementResponse resp;
   resp.address = device.address_uint64();
@@ -85,21 +113,34 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_api_packet_(const esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDevice &devi
   if (!device.get_name().empty())
     resp.name = device.get_name();
   resp.rssi = device.get_rssi();
-  for (auto uuid : device.get_service_uuids()) {
-    resp.service_uuids.push_back(uuid.to_string());
+
+  // Pre-allocate vectors based on known sizes
+  auto service_uuids = device.get_service_uuids();
+  resp.service_uuids.reserve(service_uuids.size());
+  for (auto &uuid : service_uuids) {
+    resp.service_uuids.emplace_back(uuid.to_string());
   }
-  for (auto &data : device.get_service_datas()) {
-    api::BluetoothServiceData service_data;
+
+  // Pre-allocate service data vector
+  auto service_datas = device.get_service_datas();
+  resp.service_data.reserve(service_datas.size());
+  for (auto &data : service_datas) {
+    resp.service_data.emplace_back();
+    auto &service_data = resp.service_data.back();
     service_data.uuid = data.uuid.to_string();
     service_data.data.assign(data.data.begin(), data.data.end());
-    resp.service_data.push_back(std::move(service_data));
   }
-  for (auto &data : device.get_manufacturer_datas()) {
-    api::BluetoothServiceData manufacturer_data;
+
+  // Pre-allocate manufacturer data vector
+  auto manufacturer_datas = device.get_manufacturer_datas();
+  resp.manufacturer_data.reserve(manufacturer_datas.size());
+  for (auto &data : manufacturer_datas) {
+    resp.manufacturer_data.emplace_back();
+    auto &manufacturer_data = resp.manufacturer_data.back();
     manufacturer_data.uuid = data.uuid.to_string();
     manufacturer_data.data.assign(data.data.begin(), data.data.end());
-    resp.manufacturer_data.push_back(std::move(manufacturer_data));
   }
+
   this->api_connection_->send_bluetooth_le_advertisement(resp);
 }
 
@@ -133,6 +174,18 @@ void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
     }
     return;
   }
+
+  // Flush any pending BLE advertisements that have been accumulated but not yet sent
+  if (this->raw_advertisements_) {
+    static uint32_t last_flush_time = 0;
+    uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+
+    // Flush accumulated advertisements every 100ms
+    if (now - last_flush_time >= 100) {
+      this->flush_pending_advertisements();
+      last_flush_time = now;
+    }
+  }
   for (auto *connection : this->connections_) {
     if (connection->send_service_ == connection->service_count_) {
       connection->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
@@ -161,11 +214,27 @@ void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
       }
       api::BluetoothGATTGetServicesResponse resp;
       resp.address = connection->get_address();
+      resp.services.reserve(1);  // Always one service per response in this implementation
       api::BluetoothGATTService service_resp;
       service_resp.uuid = get_128bit_uuid_vec(service_result.uuid);
       service_resp.handle = service_result.start_handle;
       uint16_t char_offset = 0;
       esp_gattc_char_elem_t char_result;
+      // Get the number of characteristics directly with one call
+      uint16_t total_char_count = 0;
+      esp_gatt_status_t char_count_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(
+          connection->get_gattc_if(), connection->get_conn_id(), ESP_GATT_DB_CHARACTERISTIC,
+          service_result.start_handle, service_result.end_handle, 0, &total_char_count);
+
+      if (char_count_status == ESP_GATT_OK && total_char_count > 0) {
+        // Only reserve if we successfully got a count
+        service_resp.characteristics.reserve(total_char_count);
+      } else if (char_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error getting characteristic count, status=%d", connection->get_connection_index(),
+                 connection->address_str().c_str(), char_count_status);
+      }
+
+      // Now process characteristics
       while (true) {  // characteristics
         uint16_t char_count = 1;
         esp_gatt_status_t char_status = esp_ble_gattc_get_all_char(
@@ -187,6 +256,23 @@ void BluetoothProxy::loop() {
         characteristic_resp.handle = char_result.char_handle;
         characteristic_resp.properties = char_result.properties;
         char_offset++;
+
+        // Get the number of descriptors directly with one call
+        uint16_t total_desc_count = 0;
+        esp_gatt_status_t desc_count_status =
+            esp_ble_gattc_get_attr_count(connection->get_gattc_if(), connection->get_conn_id(), ESP_GATT_DB_DESCRIPTOR,
+                                         char_result.char_handle, service_result.end_handle, 0, &total_desc_count);
+
+        if (desc_count_status == ESP_GATT_OK && total_desc_count > 0) {
+          // Only reserve if we successfully got a count
+          characteristic_resp.descriptors.reserve(total_desc_count);
+        } else if (desc_count_status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
+          ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error getting descriptor count for char handle %d, status=%d",
+                   connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str().c_str(), char_result.char_handle,
+                   desc_count_status);
+        }
+
+        // Now process descriptors
         uint16_t desc_offset = 0;
         esp_gattc_descr_elem_t desc_result;
         while (true) {  // descriptors

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ class BluetoothProxy : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Com
   void dump_config() override;
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
+  void flush_pending_advertisements();
   esp32_ble_tracker::AdvertisementParserType get_advertisement_parser_type() override;
 
   void register_connection(BluetoothConnection *connection) {

esphome/components/button/__init__.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ ButtonPressTrigger = button_ns.class_(
 validate_device_class = cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True, space="_")
 
 
-BUTTON_SCHEMA = (
+_BUTTON_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
@@ -60,15 +60,13 @@ BUTTON_SCHEMA = (
     )
 )
 
-_UNDEF = object()
-
 
 def button_schema(
     class_: MockObjClass,
     *,
-    icon: str = _UNDEF,
-    entity_category: str = _UNDEF,
-    device_class: str = _UNDEF,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    device_class: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
 ) -> cv.Schema:
     schema = {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_)}
 
@@ -77,10 +75,15 @@ def button_schema(
         (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
         (CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, device_class, validate_device_class),
     ]:
-        if default is not _UNDEF:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
             schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
 
-    return BUTTON_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+    return _BUTTON_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+BUTTON_SCHEMA = button_schema(Button)
+BUTTON_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("button"))
 
 
 async def setup_button_core_(var, config):

esphome/components/ccs811/sensor.py

@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CCS811Component),
-            cv.Required(CONF_ECO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ECO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
                 icon=ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_TVOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TVOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
                 icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
@@ -64,10 +64,13 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
-    sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_ECO2])
-    cg.add(var.set_co2(sens))
-    sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_TVOC])
-    cg.add(var.set_tvoc(sens))
+    if eco2_config := config.get(CONF_ECO2):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(eco2_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_co2(sens))
+
+    if tvoc_config := config.get(CONF_TVOC):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(tvoc_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_tvoc(sens))
 
     if version_config := config.get(CONF_VERSION):
         sens = await text_sensor.new_text_sensor(version_config)

esphome/components/climate/__init__.py

@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE_STATE_TOPIC,
     CONF_CUSTOM_FAN_MODE,
     CONF_CUSTOM_PRESET,
+    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
     CONF_FAN_MODE,
     CONF_FAN_MODE_COMMAND_TOPIC,
     CONF_FAN_MODE_STATE_TOPIC,
+    CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAX_TEMPERATURE,
     CONF_MIN_TEMPERATURE,
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_WEB_SERVER,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import setup_entity
 
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -151,12 +154,11 @@ ControlTrigger = climate_ns.class_(
     "ControlTrigger", automation.Trigger.template(ClimateCall.operator("ref"))
 )
 
-CLIMATE_SCHEMA = (
+_CLIMATE_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Climate),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTClimateComponent),
             cv.Optional(CONF_VISUAL, default={}): cv.Schema(
                 {
@@ -245,6 +247,31 @@ CLIMATE_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
+def climate_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+    *,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
+    }
+
+    for key, default, validator in [
+        (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
+        (CONF_ICON, icon, cv.icon),
+    ]:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
+            schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
+
+    return _CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+CLIMATE_SCHEMA = climate_schema(Climate)
+CLIMATE_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("climate"))
+
+
 async def setup_climate_core_(var, config):
     await setup_entity(var, config)
 
@@ -419,6 +446,12 @@ async def register_climate(var, config):
     await setup_climate_core_(var, config)
 
 
+async def new_climate(config, *args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
+    await register_climate(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
 CLIMATE_CONTROL_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Climate),

esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
+import logging
+
+from esphome import core
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, remote_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_SENSOR, CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_SENSOR, CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["remote_transmitter"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["sensor", "remote_base"]
@@ -16,30 +22,58 @@ ClimateIR = climate_ir_ns.class_(
     remote_base.RemoteTransmittable,
 )
 
-CLIMATE_IR_SCHEMA = (
-    climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(
+
+def climate_ir_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    return (
+        climate.climate_schema(class_)
+        .extend(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+            }
+        )
+        .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+        .extend(remote_base.REMOTE_TRANSMITTABLE_SCHEMA)
+    )
+
+
+def climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    return climate_ir_schema(class_).extend(
         {
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, default=True): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT, default=True): cv.boolean,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+            cv.Optional(remote_base.CONF_RECEIVER_ID): cv.use_id(
+                remote_base.RemoteReceiverBase
+            ),
         }
     )
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-    .extend(remote_base.REMOTE_TRANSMITTABLE_SCHEMA)
-)
 
-CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA = CLIMATE_IR_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.Optional(remote_base.CONF_RECEIVER_ID): cv.use_id(
-            remote_base.RemoteReceiverBase
-        ),
-    }
-)
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+def deprecated_schema_constant(config):
+    type: str = "unknown"
+    if (id := config.get(CONF_ID)) is not None and isinstance(id, core.ID):
+        type = str(id.type).split("::", maxsplit=1)[0]
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "Using `climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA` is deprecated and will be removed in ESPHome 2025.11.0. "
+        "Please use `climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(...)` instead. "
+        "If you are seeing this, report an issue to the external_component author and ask them to update it. "
+        "https://developers.esphome.io/blog/2025/05/14/_schema-deprecations/. "
+        "Component using this schema: %s",
+        type,
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA = climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(ClimateIR)
+CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.add_extra(deprecated_schema_constant)
 
 
 async def register_climate_ir(var, config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await climate.register_climate(var, config)
     await remote_base.register_transmittable(var, config)
     cg.add(var.set_supports_cool(config[CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL]))
     cg.add(var.set_supports_heat(config[CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT]))
@@ -48,3 +82,9 @@ async def register_climate_ir(var, config):
     if sensor_id := config.get(CONF_SENSOR):
         sens = await cg.get_variable(sensor_id)
         cg.add(var.set_sensor(sens))
+
+
+async def new_climate_ir(config, *args):
+    var = await climate.new_climate(config, *args)
+    await register_climate_ir(var, config)
+    return var

esphome/components/climate_ir_lg/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -14,9 +13,8 @@ CONF_BIT_HIGH = "bit_high"
 CONF_BIT_ONE_LOW = "bit_one_low"
 CONF_BIT_ZERO_LOW = "bit_zero_low"
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(LgIrClimate).extend(
     {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(LgIrClimate),
         cv.Optional(
             CONF_HEADER_HIGH, default="8000us"
         ): cv.positive_time_period_microseconds,
@@ -37,8 +35,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
+    var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_header_high(config[CONF_HEADER_HIGH]))
     cg.add(var.set_header_low(config[CONF_HEADER_LOW]))

esphome/components/coolix/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
@@ -9,13 +7,8 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@glmnet"]
 coolix_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("coolix")
 CoolixClimate = coolix_ns.class_("CoolixClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CoolixClimate),
-    }
-)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(CoolixClimate)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)

esphome/components/copy/cover/__init__.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
     CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
     CONF_ICON,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_SOURCE_ID,
 )
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
@@ -15,12 +14,15 @@ from .. import copy_ns
 CopyCover = copy_ns.class_("CopyCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CopyCover),
-        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(cover.Cover),
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cover.cover_schema(CopyCover)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(cover.Cover),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     inherit_property_from(CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID),
@@ -30,8 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await cover.register_cover(var, config)
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     source = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SOURCE_ID])

esphome/components/copy/fan/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import fan
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_ID, CONF_SOURCE_ID
+from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
 
 from .. import copy_ns
@@ -9,12 +9,15 @@ from .. import copy_ns
 CopyFan = copy_ns.class_("CopyFan", fan.Fan, cg.Component)
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = fan.FAN_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CopyFan),
-        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(fan.Fan),
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    fan.fan_schema(CopyFan)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(fan.Fan),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     inherit_property_from(CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID),
@@ -23,8 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await fan.register_fan(var, config)
+    var = await fan.new_fan(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     source = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SOURCE_ID])

esphome/components/copy/lock/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import lock
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_ID, CONF_SOURCE_ID
+from esphome.const import CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID
 from esphome.core.entity_helpers import inherit_property_from
 
 from .. import copy_ns
@@ -9,12 +9,15 @@ from .. import copy_ns
 CopyLock = copy_ns.class_("CopyLock", lock.Lock, cg.Component)
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = lock.LOCK_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CopyLock),
-        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(lock.Lock),
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    lock.lock_schema(CopyLock)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(lock.Lock),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     inherit_property_from(CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID),
@@ -23,8 +26,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await lock.register_lock(var, config)
+    var = await lock.new_lock(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
     source = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SOURCE_ID])

esphome/components/copy/text/__init__.py

@@ -9,12 +9,15 @@ from .. import copy_ns
 CopyText = copy_ns.class_("CopyText", text.Text, cg.Component)
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = text.TEXT_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CopyText),
-        cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(text.Text),
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    text.text_schema(CopyText)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_SOURCE_ID): cv.use_id(text.Text),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     inherit_property_from(CONF_ICON, CONF_SOURCE_ID),

esphome/components/cover/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ from esphome.components import mqtt, web_server
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
+    CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY,
+    CONF_ICON,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_MQTT_ID,
     CONF_ON_OPEN,
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_WINDOW,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 from esphome.cpp_helpers import setup_entity
 
 IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
@@ -89,12 +92,11 @@ CoverClosedTrigger = cover_ns.class_(
 
 CONF_ON_CLOSED = "on_closed"
 
-COVER_SCHEMA = (
+_COVER_SCHEMA = (
     cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(web_server.WEBSERVER_SORTING_SCHEMA)
     .extend(cv.MQTT_COMMAND_COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(
         {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Cover),
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_MQTT_ID, "mqtt"): cv.declare_id(mqtt.MQTTCoverComponent),
             cv.Optional(CONF_DEVICE_CLASS): cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True),
             cv.Optional(CONF_POSITION_COMMAND_TOPIC): cv.All(
@@ -124,6 +126,33 @@ COVER_SCHEMA = (
 )
 
 
+def cover_schema(
+    class_: MockObjClass,
+    *,
+    device_class: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    entity_category: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+    icon: str = cv.UNDEFINED,
+) -> cv.Schema:
+    schema = {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
+    }
+
+    for key, default, validator in [
+        (CONF_DEVICE_CLASS, device_class, cv.one_of(*DEVICE_CLASSES, lower=True)),
+        (CONF_ENTITY_CATEGORY, entity_category, cv.entity_category),
+        (CONF_ICON, icon, cv.icon),
+    ]:
+        if default is not cv.UNDEFINED:
+            schema[cv.Optional(key, default=default)] = validator
+
+    return _COVER_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
+
+
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+COVER_SCHEMA = cover_schema(Cover)
+COVER_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("cover"))
+
+
 async def setup_cover_core_(var, config):
     await setup_entity(var, config)
 
@@ -163,6 +192,12 @@ async def register_cover(var, config):
     await setup_cover_core_(var, config)
 
 
+async def new_cover(config, *args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
+    await register_cover(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
 COVER_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     {
         cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(Cover),

esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "cse7766.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace cse7766 {
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ namespace cse7766 {
 static const char *const TAG = "cse7766";
 
 void CSE7766Component::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (now - this->last_transmission_ >= 500) {
     // last transmission too long ago. Reset RX index.
     this->raw_data_index_ = 0;

esphome/components/current_based/cover.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLOSE_ACTION,
     CONF_CLOSE_DURATION,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAX_DURATION,
     CONF_OPEN_ACTION,
     CONF_OPEN_DURATION,
@@ -30,45 +29,47 @@ CurrentBasedCover = current_based_ns.class_(
     "CurrentBasedCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component
 )
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(CurrentBasedCover),
-        cv.Required(CONF_STOP_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_MOVING_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
-            min=0, min_included=False
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_OBSTACLE_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
-            min=0, min_included=False
-        ),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_MOVING_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
-            min=0, min_included=False
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_CLOSE_OBSTACLE_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
-            min=0, min_included=False
-        ),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_OBSTACLE_ROLLBACK, default="10%"): cv.percentage,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MALFUNCTION_DETECTION, default=True): cv.boolean,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MALFUNCTION_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(
-            single=True
-        ),
-        cv.Optional(
-            CONF_START_SENSING_DELAY, default="500ms"
-        ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cover.cover_schema(CurrentBasedCover)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_STOP_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_MOVING_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
+                min=0, min_included=False
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OPEN_OBSTACLE_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
+                min=0, min_included=False
+            ),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_MOVING_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
+                min=0, min_included=False
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CLOSE_OBSTACLE_CURRENT_THRESHOLD): cv.float_range(
+                min=0, min_included=False
+            ),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_OBSTACLE_ROLLBACK, default="10%"): cv.percentage,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MALFUNCTION_DETECTION, default=True): cv.boolean,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MALFUNCTION_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(
+                single=True
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(
+                CONF_START_SENSING_DELAY, default="500ms"
+            ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await cover.register_cover(var, config)
 
     await automation.build_automation(
         var.get_stop_trigger(), [], config[CONF_STOP_ACTION]

esphome/components/current_based/current_based_cover.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "current_based_cover.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include <cfloat>
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ void CurrentBasedCover::loop() {
   if (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_IDLE)
     return;
 
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   if (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING) {
     if (this->malfunction_detection_ && this->is_closing_()) {  // Malfunction

esphome/components/daikin/climate.py

@@ -1,20 +1,13 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
 daikin_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("daikin")
 DaikinClimate = daikin_ns.class_("DaikinClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DaikinClimate),
-    }
-)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinClimate)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)

esphome/components/daikin_arc/climate.py

@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
 daikin_arc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("daikin_arc")
 DaikinArcClimate = daikin_arc_ns.class_("DaikinArcClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DaikinArcClimate)}
-)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinArcClimate)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)

esphome/components/daikin_brc/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT
+from esphome.const import CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
@@ -9,15 +9,13 @@ daikin_brc_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("daikin_brc")
 DaikinBrcClimate = daikin_brc_ns.class_("DaikinBrcClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DaikinBrcClimate).extend(
     {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DaikinBrcClimate),
         cv.Optional(CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT, default=False): cv.boolean,
     }
 )
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
+    var = await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)
     cg.add(var.set_fahrenheit(config[CONF_USE_FAHRENHEIT]))

esphome/components/dallas_temp/dallas_temp.cpp

@@ -56,21 +56,13 @@ void DallasTemperatureSensor::update() {
   });
 }
 
-void IRAM_ATTR DallasTemperatureSensor::read_scratch_pad_int_() {
-  for (uint8_t &i : this->scratch_pad_) {
-    i = this->bus_->read8();
-  }
-}
-
 bool DallasTemperatureSensor::read_scratch_pad_() {
-  bool success;
-  {
-    InterruptLock lock;
-    success = this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_READ_SCRATCH_PAD);
-    if (success)
-      this->read_scratch_pad_int_();
-  }
-  if (!success) {
+  bool success = this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_READ_SCRATCH_PAD);
+  if (success) {
+    for (uint8_t &i : this->scratch_pad_) {
+      i = this->bus_->read8();
+    }
+  } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - reading scratch pad failed bus reset", this->get_name().c_str());
     this->status_set_warning("bus reset failed");
   }
@@ -113,17 +105,14 @@ void DallasTemperatureSensor::setup() {
     return;
   this->scratch_pad_[4] = res;
 
-  {
-    InterruptLock lock;
-    if (this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_WRITE_SCRATCH_PAD)) {
-      this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[2]);  // high alarm temp
-      this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[3]);  // low alarm temp
-      this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[4]);  // resolution
-    }
-
-    // write value to EEPROM
-    this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_COPY_SCRATCH_PAD);
+  if (this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_WRITE_SCRATCH_PAD)) {
+    this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[2]);  // high alarm temp
+    this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[3]);  // low alarm temp
+    this->bus_->write8(this->scratch_pad_[4]);  // resolution
   }
+
+  // write value to EEPROM
+  this->send_command_(DALLAS_COMMAND_COPY_SCRATCH_PAD);
 }
 
 bool DallasTemperatureSensor::check_scratch_pad_() {
@@ -138,6 +127,10 @@ bool DallasTemperatureSensor::check_scratch_pad_() {
   if (!chksum_validity) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Scratch pad checksum invalid!", this->get_name().c_str());
     this->status_set_warning("scratch pad checksum invalid");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Scratch pad: %02X.%02X.%02X.%02X.%02X.%02X.%02X.%02X.%02X (%02X)", this->scratch_pad_[0],
+             this->scratch_pad_[1], this->scratch_pad_[2], this->scratch_pad_[3], this->scratch_pad_[4],
+             this->scratch_pad_[5], this->scratch_pad_[6], this->scratch_pad_[7], this->scratch_pad_[8],
+             crc8(this->scratch_pad_, 8));
   }
   return chksum_validity;
 }

esphome/components/dallas_temp/dallas_temp.h

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ class DallasTemperatureSensor : public PollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor,
   /// Get the number of milliseconds we have to wait for the conversion phase.
   uint16_t millis_to_wait_for_conversion_() const;
   bool read_scratch_pad_();
-  void read_scratch_pad_int_();
   bool check_scratch_pad_();
   float get_temp_c_();
 };

esphome/components/daly_bms/daly_bms.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "daly_bms.h"
 #include <vector>
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace daly_bms {
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ void DalyBmsComponent::update() {
 }
 
 void DalyBmsComponent::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (this->receiving_ && (now - this->last_transmission_ >= 200)) {
     // last transmission too long ago. Reset RX index.
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Last transmission too long ago. Reset RX index.");

esphome/components/debug/debug_component.cpp

@@ -15,10 +15,6 @@ namespace debug {
 static const char *const TAG = "debug";
 
 void DebugComponent::dump_config() {
-#ifndef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_DEBUG
-  return;  // Can't log below if debug logging is disabled
-#endif
-
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Debug component:");
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   LOG_TEXT_SENSOR("  ", "Device info", this->device_info_);
@@ -70,7 +66,7 @@ void DebugComponent::loop() {
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
   // calculate loop time - from last call to this one
   if (this->loop_time_sensor_ != nullptr) {
-    uint32_t now = millis();
+    uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
     uint32_t loop_time = now - this->last_loop_timetag_;
     this->max_loop_time_ = std::max(this->max_loop_time_, loop_time);
     this->last_loop_timetag_ = now;

esphome/components/debug/debug_component.h

@@ -34,13 +34,15 @@ class DebugComponent : public PollingComponent {
 #endif
   void set_loop_time_sensor(sensor::Sensor *loop_time_sensor) { loop_time_sensor_ = loop_time_sensor; }
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-  void on_shutdown() override;
   void set_psram_sensor(sensor::Sensor *psram_sensor) { this->psram_sensor_ = psram_sensor; }
 #endif  // USE_ESP32
   void set_cpu_frequency_sensor(sensor::Sensor *cpu_frequency_sensor) {
     this->cpu_frequency_sensor_ = cpu_frequency_sensor;
   }
 #endif  // USE_SENSOR
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+  void on_shutdown() override;
+#endif  // USE_ESP32
  protected:
   uint32_t free_heap_{};
 

esphome/components/delonghi/climate.py

@@ -1,20 +1,13 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 
 delonghi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("delonghi")
 DelonghiClimate = delonghi_ns.class_("DelonghiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DelonghiClimate),
-    }
-)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(DelonghiClimate)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)

esphome/components/demo/__init__.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DEVICE_CLASS,
     CONF_FORCE_UPDATE,
     CONF_ICON,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_INVERTED,
     CONF_MAX_VALUE,
     CONF_MIN_VALUE,
@@ -153,9 +152,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 },
             ],
         ): [
-            climate.CLIMATE_SCHEMA.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA).extend(
+            climate.climate_schema(DemoClimate)
+            .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+            .extend(
                 {
-                    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DemoClimate),
                     cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.enum(CLIMATE_TYPES, int=True),
                 }
             )
@@ -183,9 +183,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 },
             ],
         ): [
-            cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA).extend(
+            cover.cover_schema(DemoCover)
+            .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+            .extend(
                 {
-                    cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DemoCover),
                     cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.enum(COVER_TYPES, int=True),
                 }
             )
@@ -211,9 +212,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 },
             ],
         ): [
-            fan.FAN_SCHEMA.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA).extend(
+            fan.fan_schema(DemoFan)
+            .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+            .extend(
                 {
-                    cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(DemoFan),
                     cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.enum(FAN_TYPES, int=True),
                 }
             )
@@ -251,7 +253,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 },
             ],
         ): [
-            light.RGB_LIGHT_SCHEMA.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA).extend(
+            light.light_schema(DemoLight, light.LightType.RGB)
+            .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+            .extend(
                 {
                     cv.GenerateID(CONF_OUTPUT_ID): cv.declare_id(DemoLight),
                     cv.Required(CONF_TYPE): cv.enum(LIGHT_TYPES, int=True),
@@ -377,39 +381,33 @@ async def to_code(config):
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
 
     for conf in config[CONF_CLIMATES]:
-        var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_ID])
+        var = await climate.new_climate(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
-        await climate.register_climate(var, conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
 
     for conf in config[CONF_COVERS]:
-        var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_ID])
+        var = await cover.new_cover(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
-        await cover.register_cover(var, conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
 
     for conf in config[CONF_FANS]:
-        var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
+        var = await fan.new_fan(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
-        await fan.register_fan(var, conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
 
     for conf in config[CONF_LIGHTS]:
-        var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_OUTPUT_ID])
+        var = await light.new_light(conf)
         await cg.register_component(var, conf)
-        await light.register_light(var, conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
 
     for conf in config[CONF_NUMBERS]:
-        var = cg.new_Pvariable(conf[CONF_ID])
-        await cg.register_component(var, conf)
-        await number.register_number(
-            var,
+        var = await number.new_number(
             conf,
             min_value=conf[CONF_MIN_VALUE],
             max_value=conf[CONF_MAX_VALUE],
             step=conf[CONF_STEP],
         )
+        await cg.register_component(var, conf)
         cg.add(var.set_type(conf[CONF_TYPE]))
 
     for conf in config[CONF_SENSORS]:

esphome/components/dfrobot_sen0395/switch/__init__.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_TYPE, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
 from .. import CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID, DfrobotSen0395Component
 
@@ -26,32 +27,30 @@ Sen0395StartAfterBootSwitch = dfrobot_sen0395_ns.class_(
     "Sen0395StartAfterBootSwitch", DfrobotSen0395Switch
 )
 
-_SWITCH_SCHEMA = (
-    switch.switch_schema(
-        entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+
+def _switch_schema(class_: MockObjClass) -> cv.Schema:
+    return (
+        switch.switch_schema(
+            class_,
+            entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+        )
+        .extend(
+            {
+                cv.GenerateID(CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID): cv.use_id(
+                    DfrobotSen0395Component
+                ),
+            }
+        )
+        .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     )
-    .extend(
-        {
-            cv.GenerateID(CONF_DFROBOT_SEN0395_ID): cv.use_id(DfrobotSen0395Component),
-        }
-    )
-    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
-)
+
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.typed_schema(
     {
-        "sensor_active": _SWITCH_SCHEMA.extend(
-            {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Sen0395PowerSwitch)}
-        ),
-        "turn_on_led": _SWITCH_SCHEMA.extend(
-            {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Sen0395LedSwitch)}
-        ),
-        "presence_via_uart": _SWITCH_SCHEMA.extend(
-            {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Sen0395UartPresenceSwitch)}
-        ),
-        "start_after_boot": _SWITCH_SCHEMA.extend(
-            {cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(Sen0395StartAfterBootSwitch)}
-        ),
+        "sensor_active": _switch_schema(Sen0395PowerSwitch),
+        "turn_on_led": _switch_schema(Sen0395LedSwitch),
+        "presence_via_uart": _switch_schema(Sen0395UartPresenceSwitch),
+        "start_after_boot": _switch_schema(Sen0395StartAfterBootSwitch),
     }
 )
 

esphome/components/dps310/sensor.py

@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(DPS310Component),
-            cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
                 icon=ICON_THERMOMETER,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_PRESSURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PRESSURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
                 icon=ICON_GAUGE,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
@@ -53,10 +53,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
-    if CONF_TEMPERATURE in config:
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])
+    if temperature := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(temperature)
         cg.add(var.set_temperature_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_PRESSURE in config:
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_PRESSURE])
+    if pressure := config.get(CONF_PRESSURE):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(pressure)
         cg.add(var.set_pressure_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/ee895/sensor.py

@@ -26,19 +26,19 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(EE895Component),
-            cv.Required(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_TEMPERATURE,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_CO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
                 icon=ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
-            cv.Required(CONF_PRESSURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PRESSURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_HECTOPASCAL,
                 accuracy_decimals=1,
                 device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_PRESSURE,
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
 
-    if CONF_TEMPERATURE in config:
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])
+    if temperature := config.get(CONF_TEMPERATURE):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(temperature)
         cg.add(var.set_temperature_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_CO2 in config:
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_CO2])
+    if co2 := config.get(CONF_CO2):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(co2)
         cg.add(var.set_co2_sensor(sens))
 
-    if CONF_PRESSURE in config:
-        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_PRESSURE])
+    if pressure := config.get(CONF_PRESSURE):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(pressure)
         cg.add(var.set_pressure_sensor(sens))

esphome/components/emmeti/climate.py

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate_ir
-import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@E440QF"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
@@ -9,13 +7,8 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["climate_ir"]
 emmeti_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("emmeti")
 EmmetiClimate = emmeti_ns.class_("EmmetiClimate", climate_ir.ClimateIR)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.CLIMATE_IR_WITH_RECEIVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(EmmetiClimate),
-    }
-)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = climate_ir.climate_ir_with_receiver_schema(EmmetiClimate)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await climate_ir.register_climate_ir(var, config)
+    await climate_ir.new_climate_ir(config)

esphome/components/endstop/cover.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CLOSE_ACTION,
     CONF_CLOSE_DURATION,
     CONF_CLOSE_ENDSTOP,
-    CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAX_DURATION,
     CONF_OPEN_ACTION,
     CONF_OPEN_DURATION,
@@ -17,25 +16,27 @@ from esphome.const import (
 endstop_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("endstop")
 EndstopCover = endstop_ns.class_("EndstopCover", cover.Cover, cg.Component)
 
-CONFIG_SCHEMA = cover.COVER_SCHEMA.extend(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(EndstopCover),
-        cv.Required(CONF_STOP_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
-        cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
-    }
-).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    cover.cover_schema(EndstopCover)
+    .extend(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_STOP_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_OPEN_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_ENDSTOP): cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_CLOSE_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_DURATION): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+)
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = await cover.new_cover(config)
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await cover.register_cover(var, config)
 
     await automation.build_automation(
         var.get_stop_trigger(), [], config[CONF_STOP_ACTION]

esphome/components/endstop/endstop_cover.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "endstop_cover.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace endstop {
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ void EndstopCover::loop() {
   if (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_IDLE)
     return;
 
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
 
   if (this->current_operation == COVER_OPERATION_OPENING && this->is_open_()) {
     float dur = (now - this->start_dir_time_) / 1e3f;

esphome/components/ens160_base/__init__.py

@@ -28,21 +28,21 @@ UNIT_INDEX = "index"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA_BASE = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.Required(CONF_ECO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ECO2): sensor.sensor_schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_MILLION,
             icon=ICON_MOLECULE_CO2,
             accuracy_decimals=0,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_CARBON_DIOXIDE,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
-        cv.Required(CONF_TVOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TVOC): sensor.sensor_schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_PARTS_PER_BILLION,
             icon=ICON_RADIATOR,
             accuracy_decimals=0,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_VOLATILE_ORGANIC_COMPOUNDS_PARTS,
             state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
         ),
-        cv.Required(CONF_AQI): sensor.sensor_schema(
+        cv.Optional(CONF_AQI): sensor.sensor_schema(
             icon=ICON_CHEMICAL_WEAPON,
             accuracy_decimals=0,
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_AQI,
@@ -62,12 +62,15 @@ async def to_code_base(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
-    sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_ECO2])
-    cg.add(var.set_co2(sens))
-    sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_TVOC])
-    cg.add(var.set_tvoc(sens))
-    sens = await sensor.new_sensor(config[CONF_AQI])
-    cg.add(var.set_aqi(sens))
+    if eco2_config := config.get(CONF_ECO2):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(eco2_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_co2(sens))
+    if tvoc_config := config.get(CONF_TVOC):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(tvoc_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_tvoc(sens))
+    if aqi_config := config.get(CONF_AQI):
+        sens = await sensor.new_sensor(aqi_config)
+        cg.add(var.set_aqi(sens))
 
     if compensation_config := config.get(CONF_COMPENSATION):
         sens = await cg.get_variable(compensation_config[CONF_TEMPERATURE])

esphome/components/esp32/core.cpp

@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
 #include <Esp.h>
 #else
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 1, 0)
 #include <esp_clk_tree.h>
-
+#endif
 void setup();
 void loop();
 #endif
@@ -63,7 +64,13 @@ uint32_t arch_get_cpu_cycle_count() { return cpu_hal_get_cycle_count(); }
 uint32_t arch_get_cpu_freq_hz() {
   uint32_t freq = 0;
 #ifdef USE_ESP_IDF
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 1, 0)
   esp_clk_tree_src_get_freq_hz(SOC_MOD_CLK_CPU, ESP_CLK_TREE_SRC_FREQ_PRECISION_CACHED, &freq);
+#else
+  rtc_cpu_freq_config_t config;
+  rtc_clk_cpu_freq_get_config(&config);
+  freq = config.freq_mhz * 1000000U;
+#endif
 #elif defined(USE_ARDUINO)
   freq = ESP.getCpuFreqMHz() * 1000000;
 #endif

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp

@@ -2,42 +2,66 @@
 
 #include "gpio.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "driver/gpio.h"
+#include "driver/rtc_io.h"
+#include "hal/gpio_hal.h"
+#include "soc/soc_caps.h"
+#include "soc/gpio_periph.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
 
+#if (SOC_RTCIO_PIN_COUNT > 0)
+#include "hal/rtc_io_hal.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_RTC_INDEPENDENT
+#define SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_RTC_INDEPENDENT 0  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32";
 
+static const gpio_hal_context_t GPIO_HAL = {.dev = GPIO_HAL_GET_HW(GPIO_PORT_0)};
+
 bool ESP32InternalGPIOPin::isr_service_installed = false;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
-static gpio_mode_t IRAM_ATTR flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
+static gpio_mode_t flags_to_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   flags = (gpio::Flags)(flags & ~(gpio::FLAG_PULLUP | gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN));
-  if (flags == gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
+  if (flags == gpio::FLAG_INPUT)
     return GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
-  } else if (flags == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
+  if (flags == gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT)
     return GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT;
-  } else if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT | gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN)) {
+  if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT | gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN))
     return GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;
-  } else if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT | gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN)) {
+  if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT | gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN))
     return GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT_OD;
-  } else if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT)) {
+  if (flags == (gpio::FLAG_INPUT | gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT))
     return GPIO_MODE_INPUT_OUTPUT;
-  } else {
-    // unsupported or gpio::FLAG_NONE
-    return GPIO_MODE_DISABLE;
-  }
+  // unsupported or gpio::FLAG_NONE
+  return GPIO_MODE_DISABLE;
 }
 
 struct ISRPinArg {
   gpio_num_t pin;
+  gpio::Flags flags;
   bool inverted;
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+  bool use_rtc;
+  int rtc_pin;
+#endif
 };
 
 ISRInternalGPIOPin ESP32InternalGPIOPin::to_isr() const {
   auto *arg = new ISRPinArg{};  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  arg->pin = pin_;
+  arg->pin = this->pin_;
+  arg->flags = gpio::FLAG_NONE;
   arg->inverted = inverted_;
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+  arg->use_rtc = rtc_gpio_is_valid_gpio(this->pin_);
+  if (arg->use_rtc)
+    arg->rtc_pin = rtc_io_number_get(this->pin_);
+#endif
   return ISRInternalGPIOPin((void *) arg);
 }
 
@@ -90,6 +114,7 @@ void ESP32InternalGPIOPin::setup() {
   if (flags_ & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
     gpio_set_drive_capability(pin_, drive_strength_);
   }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "rtc: %d", SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_RTC_INDEPENDENT);
 }
 
 void ESP32InternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
@@ -115,28 +140,65 @@ void ESP32InternalGPIOPin::detach_interrupt() const { gpio_intr_disable(pin_); }
 using namespace esp32;
 
 bool IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::digital_read() {
-  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(arg_);
-  return bool(gpio_get_level(arg->pin)) != arg->inverted;
+  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(this->arg_);
+  return bool(gpio_hal_get_level(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin)) != arg->inverted;
 }
+
 void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
-  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(arg_);
-  gpio_set_level(arg->pin, value != arg->inverted ? 1 : 0);
+  auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(this->arg_);
+  gpio_hal_set_level(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin, value != arg->inverted);
 }
+
 void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::clear_interrupt() {
   // not supported
 }
+
 void IRAM_ATTR ISRInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   auto *arg = reinterpret_cast<ISRPinArg *>(arg_);
-  gpio_set_direction(arg->pin, flags_to_mode(flags));
-  gpio_pull_mode_t pull_mode = GPIO_FLOATING;
-  if ((flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) && (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN)) {
-    pull_mode = GPIO_PULLUP_PULLDOWN;
-  } else if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
-    pull_mode = GPIO_PULLUP_ONLY;
-  } else if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN) {
-    pull_mode = GPIO_PULLDOWN_ONLY;
+  gpio::Flags diff = (gpio::Flags)(flags ^ arg->flags);
+  if (diff & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
+    if (flags & gpio::FLAG_OUTPUT) {
+      gpio_hal_output_enable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+      if (flags & gpio::FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN)
+        gpio_hal_od_enable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+    } else {
+      gpio_hal_output_disable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+    }
   }
-  gpio_set_pull_mode(arg->pin, pull_mode);
+  if (diff & gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
+    if (flags & gpio::FLAG_INPUT) {
+      gpio_hal_input_enable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32)
+      if (arg->use_rtc) {
+        if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
+          rtcio_hal_pullup_enable(arg->rtc_pin);
+        } else {
+          rtcio_hal_pullup_disable(arg->rtc_pin);
+        }
+        if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN) {
+          rtcio_hal_pulldown_enable(arg->rtc_pin);
+        } else {
+          rtcio_hal_pulldown_disable(arg->rtc_pin);
+        }
+      } else
+#endif
+      {
+        if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
+          gpio_hal_pullup_en(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+        } else {
+          gpio_hal_pullup_dis(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+        }
+        if (flags & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN) {
+          gpio_hal_pulldown_en(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+        } else {
+          gpio_hal_pulldown_dis(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      gpio_hal_input_disable(&GPIO_HAL, arg->pin);
+    }
+  }
+  arg->flags = flags;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 import logging
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@ def _lookup_pin(value):
 def _translate_pin(value):
     if isinstance(value, dict) or value is None:
         raise cv.Invalid(
-            "This variable only supports pin numbers, not full pin schemas "
-            "(with inverted and mode)."
+            "This variable only supports pin numbers, not full pin schemas (with inverted and mode)."
         )
     if isinstance(value, int) and not isinstance(value, bool):
         return value
@@ -82,30 +81,22 @@ def _translate_pin(value):
 
 @dataclass
 class ESP32ValidationFunctions:
-    pin_validation: Any
-    usage_validation: Any
+    pin_validation: Callable[[Any], Any]
+    usage_validation: Callable[[Any], Any]
 
 
 _esp32_validations = {
     VARIANT_ESP32: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
         pin_validation=esp32_validate_gpio_pin, usage_validation=esp32_validate_supports
     ),
-    VARIANT_ESP32S2: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
-        pin_validation=esp32_s2_validate_gpio_pin,
-        usage_validation=esp32_s2_validate_supports,
+    VARIANT_ESP32C2: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
+        pin_validation=esp32_c2_validate_gpio_pin,
+        usage_validation=esp32_c2_validate_supports,
     ),
     VARIANT_ESP32C3: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
         pin_validation=esp32_c3_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_c3_validate_supports,
     ),
-    VARIANT_ESP32S3: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
-        pin_validation=esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin,
-        usage_validation=esp32_s3_validate_supports,
-    ),
-    VARIANT_ESP32C2: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
-        pin_validation=esp32_c2_validate_gpio_pin,
-        usage_validation=esp32_c2_validate_supports,
-    ),
     VARIANT_ESP32C6: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
         pin_validation=esp32_c6_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_c6_validate_supports,
@@ -114,6 +105,14 @@ _esp32_validations = {
         pin_validation=esp32_h2_validate_gpio_pin,
         usage_validation=esp32_h2_validate_supports,
     ),
+    VARIANT_ESP32S2: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
+        pin_validation=esp32_s2_validate_gpio_pin,
+        usage_validation=esp32_s2_validate_supports,
+    ),
+    VARIANT_ESP32S3: ESP32ValidationFunctions(
+        pin_validation=esp32_s3_validate_gpio_pin,
+        usage_validation=esp32_s3_validate_supports,
+    ),
 }
 
 

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32.py

@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ def esp32_validate_gpio_pin(value):
         )
     if 9 <= value <= 10:
         _LOGGER.warning(
-            "Pin %s (9-10) might already be used by the "
-            "flash interface in QUAD IO flash mode.",
+            "Pin %s (9-10) might already be used by the flash interface in QUAD IO flash mode.",
             value,
         )
     if value in (24, 28, 29, 30, 31):

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c2.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def esp32_c2_validate_supports(value):
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
 
     if num < 0 or num > 20:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-20)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-20)")
 
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c3.py

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def esp32_c3_validate_supports(value):
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
 
     if num < 0 or num > 21:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-21)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-21)")
 
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_c6.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def esp32_c6_validate_supports(value):
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
 
     if num < 0 or num > 23:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-23)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-23)")
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode
         pass

esphome/components/esp32/gpio_esp32_h2.py

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def esp32_h2_validate_supports(value):
     is_input = mode[CONF_INPUT]
 
     if num < 0 or num > 27:
-        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {value} (must be 0-27)")
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid pin number: {num} (must be 0-27)")
     if is_input:
         # All ESP32 pins support input mode
         pass

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include "ble_uuid.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_ble {
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ void BLEAdvertising::loop() {
   if (this->raw_advertisements_callbacks_.empty()) {
     return;
   }
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (now - this->last_advertisement_time_ > this->advertising_cycle_time_) {
     this->stop();
     this->current_adv_index_ += 1;

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID = "esp32_ble_id"
 CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS = "scan_parameters"
 CONF_WINDOW = "window"
 CONF_ON_SCAN_END = "on_scan_end"
+CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE = "software_coexistence"
 
 DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 3
 IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 9
@@ -203,6 +204,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.Optional(CONF_ON_SCAN_END): automation.validate_automation(
                 {cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(BLEEndOfScanTrigger)}
             ),
+            cv.OnlyWith(CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE, "wifi", default=True): bool,
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
 )
@@ -310,6 +312,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     if CORE.using_esp_idf:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
+        if config.get(CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE):
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SW_COEXIST_ENABLE", True)
         # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/4101
         # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/2503
         # Match arduino CONFIG_BTU_TASK_STACK_SIZE
@@ -331,6 +335,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add_define("USE_OTA_STATE_CALLBACK")  # To be notified when an OTA update starts
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_CLIENT")
+    if config.get(CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE):
+        cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE")
 
 
 ESP32_BLE_START_SCAN_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@
 #include "esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h"
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
+#include <esp_coexist.h>
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_ARDUINO
 #include <esp32-hal-bt.h>
 #endif
@@ -118,7 +122,7 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
 
   if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::RUNNING &&
       this->scan_result_index_ &&  // if it looks like we have a scan result we will take the lock
-      xSemaphoreTake(this->scan_result_lock_, 5L / portTICK_PERIOD_MS)) {
+      xSemaphoreTake(this->scan_result_lock_, 0)) {
     uint32_t index = this->scan_result_index_;
     if (index >= ESP32BLETracker::SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Too many BLE events to process. Some devices may not show up.");
@@ -194,9 +198,17 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
     https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/6688
 
   */
-  if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::IDLE && this->scan_continuous_ && !connecting && !disconnecting &&
-      !promote_to_connecting) {
-    this->start_scan_(false);  // first = false
+  if (this->scanner_state_ == ScannerState::IDLE && !connecting && !disconnecting && !promote_to_connecting) {
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
+    if (this->coex_prefer_ble_) {
+      this->coex_prefer_ble_ = false;
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting coexistence preference to balanced.");
+      esp_coex_preference_set(ESP_COEX_PREFER_BALANCE);  // Reset to default
+    }
+#endif
+    if (this->scan_continuous_) {
+      this->start_scan_(false);  // first = false
+    }
   }
   // If there is a discovered client and no connecting
   // clients and no clients using the scanner to search for
@@ -213,6 +225,13 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::loop() {
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Promoting client to connect...");
           // We only want to promote one client at a time.
           // once the scanner is fully stopped.
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
+          ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting coexistence to Bluetooth to make connection.");
+          if (!this->coex_prefer_ble_) {
+            this->coex_prefer_ble_ = true;
+            esp_coex_preference_set(ESP_COEX_PREFER_BT);  // Prioritize Bluetooth
+          }
+#endif
           client->set_state(ClientState::READY_TO_CONNECT);
         }
         break;
@@ -428,7 +447,7 @@ void ESP32BLETracker::gap_scan_stop_complete_(const esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_
 void ESP32BLETracker::gap_scan_result_(const esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_scan_result_evt_param &param) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "gap_scan_result - event %d", param.search_evt);
   if (param.search_evt == ESP_GAP_SEARCH_INQ_RES_EVT) {
-    if (xSemaphoreTake(this->scan_result_lock_, 0L)) {
+    if (xSemaphoreTake(this->scan_result_lock_, 0)) {
       if (this->scan_result_index_ < ESP32BLETracker::SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE) {
         this->scan_result_buffer_[this->scan_result_index_++] = param;
       }

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h

@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ class ESP32BLETracker : public Component,
 #ifdef USE_PSRAM
   const static u_int8_t SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 32;
 #else
-  const static u_int8_t SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 16;
+  const static u_int8_t SCAN_RESULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 20;
 #endif  // USE_PSRAM
   esp_ble_gap_cb_param_t::ble_scan_result_evt_param *scan_result_buffer_;
   esp_bt_status_t scan_start_failed_{ESP_BT_STATUS_SUCCESS};
@@ -299,6 +299,9 @@ class ESP32BLETracker : public Component,
   int discovered_{0};
   int searching_{0};
   int disconnecting_{0};
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE
+  bool coex_prefer_ble_{false};
+#endif
 };
 
 // NOLINTNEXTLINE

esphome/components/esp32_camera/__init__.py

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         add_idf_component(
             name="esp32-camera",
             repo="https://github.com/espressif/esp32-camera.git",
-            ref="v2.0.9",
+            ref="v2.0.15",
         )
 
     for conf in config.get(CONF_ON_STREAM_START, []):

esphome/components/esp32_camera/esp32_camera.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "esp32_camera.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
+#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
 #include <freertos/task.h>
 
@@ -54,11 +55,7 @@ void ESP32Camera::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  HREF Pin: %d", conf.pin_href);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Pixel Clock Pin: %d", conf.pin_pclk);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  External Clock: Pin:%d Frequency:%u", conf.pin_xclk, conf.xclk_freq_hz);
-#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF  // Temporary until the espressif/esp32-camera library is updated
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  I2C Pins: SDA:%d SCL:%d", conf.pin_sscb_sda, conf.pin_sscb_scl);
-#else
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  I2C Pins: SDA:%d SCL:%d", conf.pin_sccb_sda, conf.pin_sccb_scl);
-#endif
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Reset Pin: %d", conf.pin_reset);
   switch (this->config_.frame_size) {
     case FRAMESIZE_QQVGA:
@@ -162,7 +159,7 @@ void ESP32Camera::loop() {
   }
 
   // request idle image every idle_update_interval
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
+  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   if (this->idle_update_interval_ != 0 && now - this->last_idle_request_ > this->idle_update_interval_) {
     this->last_idle_request_ = now;
     this->request_image(IDLE);
@@ -238,13 +235,8 @@ void ESP32Camera::set_external_clock(uint8_t pin, uint32_t frequency) {
   this->config_.xclk_freq_hz = frequency;
 }
 void ESP32Camera::set_i2c_pins(uint8_t sda, uint8_t scl) {
-#ifdef USE_ESP_IDF  // Temporary until the espressif/esp32-camera library is updated
-  this->config_.pin_sscb_sda = sda;
-  this->config_.pin_sscb_scl = scl;
-#else
   this->config_.pin_sccb_sda = sda;
   this->config_.pin_sccb_scl = scl;
-#endif
 }
 void ESP32Camera::set_reset_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->config_.pin_reset = pin; }
 void ESP32Camera::set_power_down_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->config_.pin_pwdn = pin; }