[esp32_ble_server] Create custom services, characteristics and descriptors (#7009)

Co-authored-by: Clyde Stubbs <2366188+clydebarrow@users.noreply.github.com>

CODEOWNERS

@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp8266/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/ethernet_info/* @gtjadsonsantos
 esphome/components/event/* @nohat
+esphome/components/event_emitter/* @Rapsssito
 esphome/components/exposure_notifications/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/ezo/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/ezo_pmp/* @carlos-sarmiento

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/__init__.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     DEVICE_CLASS_SIGNAL_STRENGTH,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
     UNIT_DECIBEL_MILLIWATT,
+    CONF_NOTIFY,
 )
 
 from .. import ble_client_ns
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
 
 CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = "descriptor_uuid"
 
-CONF_NOTIFY = "notify"
 CONF_ON_NOTIFY = "on_notify"
 TYPE_CHARACTERISTIC = "characteristic"
 TYPE_RSSI = "rssi"

esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_SERVICE_UUID,
+    CONF_NOTIFY,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
 )
 
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["ble_client"]
 
 CONF_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = "descriptor_uuid"
 
-CONF_NOTIFY = "notify"
 CONF_ON_NOTIFY = "on_notify"
 
 adv_data_t = cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8)

esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import re
+
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option, const, get_esp32_variant
@@ -64,6 +66,43 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
 
+bt_uuid16_format = "XXXX"
+bt_uuid32_format = "XXXXXXXX"
+bt_uuid128_format = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX"
+
+
+def bt_uuid(value):
+    in_value = cv.string_strict(value)
+    value = in_value.upper()
+
+    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
+        pattern = re.compile("^[A-F|0-9]{4,}$")
+        if not pattern.match(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 16 bit UUID format: '{in_value}'"
+            )
+        return value
+    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid32_format):
+        pattern = re.compile("^[A-F|0-9]{8,}$")
+        if not pattern.match(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 32 bit UUID format: '{in_value}'"
+            )
+        return value
+    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid128_format):
+        pattern = re.compile(
+            "^[A-F|0-9]{8,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{12,}$"
+        )
+        if not pattern.match(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 128 UUID format: '{in_value}'"
+            )
+        return value
+    raise cv.Invalid(
+        f"Bluetooth UUID must be in 16 bit '{bt_uuid16_format}', 32 bit '{bt_uuid32_format}', or 128 bit '{bt_uuid128_format}' format"
+    )
+
+
 def validate_variant(_):
     variant = get_esp32_variant()
     if variant in NO_BLUETOOTH_VARIANTS:

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/__init__.py

@@ -1,37 +1,526 @@
+import encodings
+
+from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32_ble
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
+from esphome.components.esp32_ble import bt_uuid
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_MODEL
+from esphome.config_validation import UNDEFINED
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_DATA,
+    CONF_ESPHOME,
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MAX_LENGTH,
+    CONF_MODEL,
+    CONF_NOTIFY,
+    CONF_ON_CONNECT,
+    CONF_ON_DISCONNECT,
+    CONF_PROJECT,
+    CONF_SERVICES,
+    CONF_TYPE,
+    CONF_UUID,
+    CONF_VALUE,
+    __version__ as ESPHOME_VERSION,
+)
 from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.schema_extractors import SCHEMA_EXTRACT
 
-AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble", "bytebuffer", "event_emitter"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@clydebarrow", "@Rapsssito"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
+DOMAIN = "esp32_ble_server"
 
+CONF_ADVERTISE = "advertise"
+CONF_BROADCAST = "broadcast"
+CONF_CHARACTERISTICS = "characteristics"
+CONF_DESCRIPTION = "description"
+CONF_DESCRIPTORS = "descriptors"
+CONF_ENDIANNESS = "endianness"
+CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION = "firmware_version"
+CONF_INDICATE = "indicate"
 CONF_MANUFACTURER = "manufacturer"
 CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA = "manufacturer_data"
+CONF_ON_WRITE = "on_write"
+CONF_READ = "read"
+CONF_STRING = "string"
+CONF_STRING_ENCODING = "string_encoding"
+CONF_WRITE = "write"
+CONF_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE = "write_no_response"
+
+# Internal configuration keys
+CONF_CHAR_VALUE_ACTION_ID_ = "char_value_action_id_"
+
+# BLE reserverd UUIDs
+CCCD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = 0x2902
+CUD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID = 0x2901
+DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID = 0x180A
+MANUFACTURER_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID = 0x2A29
+MODEL_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID = 0x2A24
+FIRMWARE_VERSION_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID = 0x2A26
+
+# Core key to store the global configuration
+KEY_NOTIFY_REQUIRED = "notify_required"
+KEY_SET_VALUE = "set_value"
 
 esp32_ble_server_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32_ble_server")
+ESPBTUUID_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32_ble").namespace("ESPBTUUID")
+BLECharacteristic_ns = esp32_ble_server_ns.namespace("BLECharacteristic")
 BLEServer = esp32_ble_server_ns.class_(
     "BLEServer",
     cg.Component,
     esp32_ble.GATTsEventHandler,
     cg.Parented.template(esp32_ble.ESP32BLE),
 )
-BLEServiceComponent = esp32_ble_server_ns.class_("BLEServiceComponent")
+esp32_ble_server_automations_ns = esp32_ble_server_ns.namespace(
+    "esp32_ble_server_automations"
+)
+BLETriggers_ns = esp32_ble_server_automations_ns.namespace("BLETriggers")
+BLEDescriptor = esp32_ble_server_ns.class_("BLEDescriptor")
+BLECharacteristic = esp32_ble_server_ns.class_("BLECharacteristic")
+BLEService = esp32_ble_server_ns.class_("BLEService")
+BLECharacteristicSetValueAction = esp32_ble_server_automations_ns.class_(
+    "BLECharacteristicSetValueAction", automation.Action
+)
+BLEDescriptorSetValueAction = esp32_ble_server_automations_ns.class_(
+    "BLEDescriptorSetValueAction", automation.Action
+)
+BLECharacteristicNotifyAction = esp32_ble_server_automations_ns.class_(
+    "BLECharacteristicNotifyAction", automation.Action
+)
+bytebuffer_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bytebuffer")
+Endianness_ns = bytebuffer_ns.namespace("Endian")
+ByteBuffer_ns = bytebuffer_ns.namespace("ByteBuffer")
+ByteBuffer = bytebuffer_ns.class_("ByteBuffer")
 
 
+PROPERTY_MAP = {
+    CONF_READ: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_READ,
+    CONF_WRITE: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_WRITE,
+    CONF_NOTIFY: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_NOTIFY,
+    CONF_BROADCAST: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_BROADCAST,
+    CONF_INDICATE: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_INDICATE,
+    CONF_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE: BLECharacteristic_ns.PROPERTY_WRITE_NR,
+}
+
+
+class ValueType:
+    def __init__(self, type_, validator, length):
+        self.type_ = type_
+        self.validator = validator
+        self.length = length
+
+    def validate(self, value, encoding):
+        value = self.validator(value)
+        if self.type_ == "string":
+            try:
+                value.encode(encoding)
+            except UnicodeEncodeError as e:
+                raise cv.Invalid(str(e)) from e
+        return value
+
+
+VALUE_TYPES = {
+    type_name: ValueType(type_name, validator, length)
+    for type_name, validator, length in (
+        ("uint8_t", cv.uint8_t, 1),
+        ("uint16_t", cv.uint16_t, 2),
+        ("uint32_t", cv.uint32_t, 4),
+        ("uint64_t", cv.uint64_t, 8),
+        ("int8_t", cv.int_range(-128, 127), 1),
+        ("int16_t", cv.int_range(-32768, 32767), 2),
+        ("int32_t", cv.int_range(-2147483648, 2147483647), 4),
+        ("int64_t", cv.int_range(-9223372036854775808, 9223372036854775807), 8),
+        ("float", cv.float_, 4),
+        ("double", cv.float_, 8),
+        ("string", cv.string_strict, None),  # Length is variable
+    )
+}
+
+
+def validate_char_on_write(char_config):
+    if CONF_ON_WRITE in char_config:
+        if not char_config[CONF_WRITE] and not char_config[CONF_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE]:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{CONF_ON_WRITE} requires the {CONF_WRITE} or {CONF_WRITE_NO_RESPONSE} property to be set"
+            )
+    return char_config
+
+
+def validate_descriptor(desc_config):
+    if CONF_ON_WRITE in desc_config:
+        if not desc_config[CONF_WRITE]:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"{CONF_ON_WRITE} requires the {CONF_WRITE} property to be set"
+            )
+    if CONF_MAX_LENGTH not in desc_config:
+        value = desc_config[CONF_VALUE][CONF_DATA]
+        if cg.is_template(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Descriptor {desc_config[CONF_UUID]} has a templatable value and the {CONF_MAX_LENGTH} property is not set"
+            )
+        if isinstance(value, list):
+            desc_config[CONF_MAX_LENGTH] = len(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            desc_config[CONF_MAX_LENGTH] = len(
+                value.encode(desc_config[CONF_VALUE][CONF_STRING_ENCODING])
+            )
+        else:
+            desc_config[CONF_MAX_LENGTH] = VALUE_TYPES[
+                desc_config[CONF_VALUE][CONF_TYPE]
+            ].length
+    return desc_config
+
+
+def validate_notify_action(config):
+    # Store the characteristic ID in the global data for the final validation
+    data = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {}).setdefault(KEY_NOTIFY_REQUIRED, set())
+    data.add(config[CONF_ID])
+    return config
+
+
+def validate_set_value_action(config):
+    # Store the characteristic ID in the global data for the final validation
+    data = CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {}).setdefault(KEY_SET_VALUE, set())
+    data.add(config[CONF_ID])
+    return config
+
+
+def create_description_cud(char_config):
+    if CONF_DESCRIPTION not in char_config:
+        return char_config
+    # If the config displays a description, there cannot be a descriptor with the CUD UUID
+    for desc in char_config[CONF_DESCRIPTORS]:
+        if desc[CONF_UUID] == CUD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Characteristic {char_config[CONF_UUID]} has a description, but a CUD descriptor is already present"
+            )
+    # Manually add the CUD descriptor
+    char_config[CONF_DESCRIPTORS].append(
+        DESCRIPTOR_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                CONF_UUID: CUD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID,
+                CONF_READ: True,
+                CONF_WRITE: False,
+                CONF_VALUE: char_config[CONF_DESCRIPTION],
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    return char_config
+
+
+def create_notify_cccd(char_config):
+    if not char_config[CONF_NOTIFY] and not char_config[CONF_INDICATE]:
+        return char_config
+    # If the CCCD descriptor is already present, return the config
+    for desc in char_config[CONF_DESCRIPTORS]:
+        if desc[CONF_UUID] == CCCD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID:
+            # Check if the WRITE property is set
+            if not desc[CONF_WRITE]:
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    f"Characteristic {char_config[CONF_UUID]} has notify actions, but the CCCD descriptor does not have the {CONF_WRITE} property set"
+                )
+            return char_config
+    # Manually add the CCCD descriptor
+    char_config[CONF_DESCRIPTORS].append(
+        DESCRIPTOR_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                CONF_UUID: CCCD_DESCRIPTOR_UUID,
+                CONF_READ: True,
+                CONF_WRITE: True,
+                CONF_MAX_LENGTH: 2,
+                CONF_VALUE: [0, 0],
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    return char_config
+
+
+def create_device_information_service(config):
+    # If there is already a device information service,
+    # there cannot be CONF_MODEL, CONF_MANUFACTURER or CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION properties
+    for service in config[CONF_SERVICES]:
+        if service[CONF_UUID] == DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID:
+            if (
+                CONF_MODEL in config
+                or CONF_MANUFACTURER in config
+                or CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION in config
+            ):
+                raise cv.Invalid(
+                    "Device information service already present, cannot add manufacturer, model or firmware version"
+                )
+            return config
+    project = CORE.raw_config[CONF_ESPHOME].get(CONF_PROJECT, {})
+    model = config.get(CONF_MODEL, project.get("name", CORE.data["esp32"]["board"]))
+    version = config.get(
+        CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION, project.get("version", "ESPHome " + ESPHOME_VERSION)
+    )
+    # Manually add the device information service
+    config[CONF_SERVICES].append(
+        SERVICE_SCHEMA(
+            {
+                CONF_UUID: DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID,
+                CONF_CHARACTERISTICS: [
+                    {
+                        CONF_UUID: MANUFACTURER_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
+                        CONF_READ: True,
+                        CONF_VALUE: config.get(CONF_MANUFACTURER, "ESPHome"),
+                    },
+                    {
+                        CONF_UUID: MODEL_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
+                        CONF_READ: True,
+                        CONF_VALUE: model,
+                    },
+                    {
+                        CONF_UUID: FIRMWARE_VERSION_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID,
+                        CONF_READ: True,
+                        CONF_VALUE: version,
+                    },
+                ],
+            }
+        )
+    )
+    return config
+
+
+def final_validate_config(config):
+    # Check if all characteristics that require notifications have the notify property set
+    for char_id in CORE.data.get(DOMAIN, {}).get(KEY_NOTIFY_REQUIRED, set()):
+        # Look for the characteristic in the configuration
+        char_config = [
+            char_conf
+            for service_conf in config[CONF_SERVICES]
+            for char_conf in service_conf[CONF_CHARACTERISTICS]
+            if char_conf[CONF_ID] == char_id
+        ][0]
+        if not char_config[CONF_NOTIFY]:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Characteristic {char_config[CONF_UUID]} has notify actions and the {CONF_NOTIFY} property is not set"
+            )
+    for char_id in CORE.data.get(DOMAIN, {}).get(KEY_SET_VALUE, set()):
+        # Look for the characteristic in the configuration
+        char_config = [
+            char_conf
+            for service_conf in config[CONF_SERVICES]
+            for char_conf in service_conf[CONF_CHARACTERISTICS]
+            if char_conf[CONF_ID] == char_id
+        ][0]
+        if isinstance(char_config.get(CONF_VALUE, {}).get(CONF_DATA), cv.Lambda):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Characteristic {char_config[CONF_UUID]} has both a set_value action and a templated value"
+            )
+    return config
+
+
+def validate_value_type(value_config):
+    # If the value is a not a templatable, the type must be set
+    value = value_config[CONF_DATA]
+
+    if type_ := value_config.get(CONF_TYPE):
+        if cg.is_template(value):
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f'The "{CONF_TYPE}" property is not allowed for templatable values'
+            )
+        value_config[CONF_DATA] = VALUE_TYPES[type_].validate(
+            value, value_config[CONF_STRING_ENCODING]
+        )
+    elif isinstance(value, (float, int)):
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f'The "{CONF_TYPE}" property is required for the value "{value}"'
+        )
+    return value_config
+
+
+def validate_encoding(value):
+    if value == SCHEMA_EXTRACT:
+        return cv.one_of("utf-8", "latin-1", "ascii", "utf-16", "utf-32")
+    value = encodings.normalize_encoding(value)
+    if not value:
+        raise cv.Invalid("Invalid encoding")
+    return value
+
+
+def value_schema(default_type=UNDEFINED, templatable=True):
+    data_validators = [
+        cv.string_strict,
+        cv.int_,
+        cv.float_,
+        cv.All([cv.uint8_t], cv.Length(min=1)),
+    ]
+    if templatable:
+        data_validators.append(cv.returning_lambda)
+
+    return cv.maybe_simple_value(
+        cv.All(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_DATA): cv.Any(*data_validators),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE, default=default_type): cv.one_of(
+                    *VALUE_TYPES, lower=True
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_STRING_ENCODING, default="utf_8"): validate_encoding,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ENDIANNESS, default="LITTLE"): cv.enum(
+                    {
+                        "LITTLE": Endianness_ns.LITTLE,
+                        "BIG": Endianness_ns.BIG,
+                    }
+                ),
+            },
+            validate_value_type,
+        ),
+        key=CONF_DATA,
+    )
+
+
+DESCRIPTOR_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEDescriptor),
+        cv.Required(CONF_UUID): cv.Any(bt_uuid, cv.hex_uint32_t),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_READ, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_WRITE, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_WRITE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+        cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): value_schema(templatable=False),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_LENGTH): cv.uint16_t,
+    },
+    validate_descriptor,
+)
+
+CHARACTERISTIC_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLECharacteristic),
+        cv.Required(CONF_UUID): cv.Any(bt_uuid, cv.hex_uint32_t),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VALUE): value_schema(templatable=True),
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_CHAR_VALUE_ACTION_ID_): cv.declare_id(
+            BLECharacteristicSetValueAction
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DESCRIPTORS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(DESCRIPTOR_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_WRITE): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_DESCRIPTION): value_schema(
+            default_type="string", templatable=False
+        ),
+    },
+    extra_schemas=[
+        validate_char_on_write,
+        create_description_cud,
+        create_notify_cccd,
+    ],
+).extend({cv.Optional(k, default=False): cv.boolean for k in PROPERTY_MAP})
+
+SERVICE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEService),
+        cv.Required(CONF_UUID): cv.Any(bt_uuid, cv.hex_uint32_t),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ADVERTISE, default=False): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_CHARACTERISTICS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(
+            CHARACTERISTIC_SCHEMA
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BLEServer),
         cv.GenerateID(esp32_ble.CONF_BLE_ID): cv.use_id(esp32_ble.ESP32BLE),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MANUFACTURER, default="ESPHome"): cv.string,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MANUFACTURER): value_schema("string", templatable=False),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA): cv.Schema([cv.hex_uint8_t]),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MODEL): value_schema("string", templatable=False),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_MODEL): cv.string,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_FIRMWARE_VERSION): value_schema("string", templatable=False),
-    }
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA): cv.Schema([cv.uint8_t]),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SERVICES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(SERVICE_SCHEMA),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_CONNECT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ON_DISCONNECT): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+    },
+    extra_schemas=[create_device_information_service],
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = final_validate_config
+
+
+def parse_properties(char_conf):
+    return sum(
+        (PROPERTY_MAP[k] for k in char_conf if k in PROPERTY_MAP and char_conf[k]),
+        start=0,
+    )
+
+
+def parse_uuid(uuid):
+    # If the UUID is a int, use from_uint32
+    if isinstance(uuid, int):
+        return ESPBTUUID_ns.from_uint32(uuid)
+    # Otherwise, use ESPBTUUID_ns.from_raw
+    return ESPBTUUID_ns.from_raw(uuid)
+
+
+async def parse_value(value_config, args):
+    value = value_config[CONF_DATA]
+    if isinstance(value, cv.Lambda):
+        return await cg.templatable(value, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8))
+
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        value = list(value.encode(value_config[CONF_STRING_ENCODING]))
+    if isinstance(value, list):
+        return cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8)(value)
+    val = cg.RawExpression(f"{value_config[CONF_TYPE]}({cg.safe_exp(value)})")
+    return ByteBuffer_ns.wrap(val, value_config[CONF_ENDIANNESS])
+
+
+def calculate_num_handles(service_config):
+    total = 1 + len(service_config[CONF_CHARACTERISTICS]) * 2
+    total += sum(
+        len(char_conf[CONF_DESCRIPTORS])
+        for char_conf in service_config[CONF_CHARACTERISTICS]
+    )
+    return total
+
+
+async def to_code_descriptor(descriptor_conf, char_var):
+    value = await parse_value(descriptor_conf[CONF_VALUE], {})
+    desc_var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+        descriptor_conf[CONF_ID],
+        parse_uuid(descriptor_conf[CONF_UUID]),
+        descriptor_conf[CONF_MAX_LENGTH],
+        descriptor_conf[CONF_READ],
+        descriptor_conf[CONF_WRITE],
+    )
+    cg.add(char_var.add_descriptor(desc_var))
+    cg.add(desc_var.set_value(value))
+    if CONF_ON_WRITE in descriptor_conf:
+        on_write_conf = descriptor_conf[CONF_ON_WRITE]
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            BLETriggers_ns.create_descriptor_on_write_trigger(desc_var),
+            [(cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8), "x"), (cg.uint16, "id")],
+            on_write_conf,
+        )
+
+
+async def to_code_characteristic(service_var, char_conf):
+    char_var = cg.Pvariable(
+        char_conf[CONF_ID],
+        service_var.create_characteristic(
+            parse_uuid(char_conf[CONF_UUID]),
+            parse_properties(char_conf),
+        ),
+    )
+    if CONF_ON_WRITE in char_conf:
+        on_write_conf = char_conf[CONF_ON_WRITE]
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            BLETriggers_ns.create_characteristic_on_write_trigger(char_var),
+            [(cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8), "x"), (cg.uint16, "id")],
+            on_write_conf,
+        )
+    if CONF_VALUE in char_conf:
+        action_conf = {
+            CONF_ID: char_conf[CONF_ID],
+            CONF_VALUE: char_conf[CONF_VALUE],
+        }
+        value_action = await ble_server_characteristic_set_value(
+            action_conf,
+            char_conf[CONF_CHAR_VALUE_ACTION_ID_],
+            cg.TemplateArguments(),
+            {},
+        )
+        cg.add(value_action.play())
+    for descriptor_conf in char_conf[CONF_DESCRIPTORS]:
+        await to_code_descriptor(descriptor_conf, char_var)
+
 
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
@@ -42,13 +531,94 @@ async def to_code(config):
     cg.add(parent.register_gatts_event_handler(var))
     cg.add(parent.register_ble_status_event_handler(var))
     cg.add(var.set_parent(parent))
-
-    cg.add(var.set_manufacturer(config[CONF_MANUFACTURER]))
     if CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA in config:
         cg.add(var.set_manufacturer_data(config[CONF_MANUFACTURER_DATA]))
-    if CONF_MODEL in config:
+    for service_config in config[CONF_SERVICES]:
-        cg.add(var.set_model(config[CONF_MODEL]))
+        # Calculate the optimal number of handles based on the number of characteristics and descriptors
+        num_handles = calculate_num_handles(service_config)
+        service_var = cg.Pvariable(
+            service_config[CONF_ID],
+            var.create_service(
+                parse_uuid(service_config[CONF_UUID]),
+                service_config[CONF_ADVERTISE],
+                num_handles,
+            ),
+        )
+        for char_conf in service_config[CONF_CHARACTERISTICS]:
+            await to_code_characteristic(service_var, char_conf)
+        if service_config[CONF_UUID] == DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID:
+            cg.add(var.set_device_information_service(service_var))
+        else:
+            cg.add(var.enqueue_start_service(service_var))
+    if CONF_ON_CONNECT in config:
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            BLETriggers_ns.create_server_on_connect_trigger(var),
+            [(cg.uint16, "id")],
+            config[CONF_ON_CONNECT],
+        )
+    if CONF_ON_DISCONNECT in config:
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            BLETriggers_ns.create_server_on_disconnect_trigger(var),
+            [(cg.uint16, "id")],
+            config[CONF_ON_DISCONNECT],
+        )
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER")
-
     if CORE.using_esp_idf:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ble_server.characteristic.set_value",
+    BLECharacteristicSetValueAction,
+    cv.All(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLECharacteristic),
+                cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): value_schema(),
+            }
+        ),
+        validate_set_value_action,
+    ),
+)
+async def ble_server_characteristic_set_value(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+    value = await parse_value(config[CONF_VALUE], args)
+    cg.add(var.set_buffer(value))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ble_server.descriptor.set_value",
+    BLEDescriptorSetValueAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLEDescriptor),
+            cv.Required(CONF_VALUE): value_schema(),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def ble_server_descriptor_set_value(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+    value = await parse_value(config[CONF_VALUE], args)
+    cg.add(var.set_buffer(value))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "ble_server.characteristic.notify",
+    BLECharacteristicNotifyAction,
+    cv.All(
+        cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(BLECharacteristic),
+            }
+        ),
+        validate_notify_action,
+    ),
+)
+async def ble_server_characteristic_notify(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+    return var

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_2901.cpp

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#include "ble_2901.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace esp32_ble_server {
-
-BLE2901::BLE2901(const std::string &value) : BLE2901((uint8_t *) value.data(), value.length()) {}
-BLE2901::BLE2901(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) : BLEDescriptor(esp32_ble::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(0x2901)) {
-  this->set_value(data, length);
-  this->permissions_ = ESP_GATT_PERM_READ;
-}
-
-}  // namespace esp32_ble_server
-}  // namespace esphome
-
-#endif

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_2901.h

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "ble_descriptor.h"
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-
-namespace esphome {
-namespace esp32_ble_server {
-
-class BLE2901 : public BLEDescriptor {
- public:
-  BLE2901(const std::string &value);
-  BLE2901(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
-};
-
-}  // namespace esp32_ble_server
-}  // namespace esphome
-
-#endif

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp

@@ -32,70 +32,36 @@ BLECharacteristic::BLECharacteristic(const ESPBTUUID uuid, uint32_t properties)
   this->set_write_no_response_property((properties & PROPERTY_WRITE_NR) != 0);
 }
 
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(std::vector<uint8_t> value) {
+void BLECharacteristic::set_value(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_value(buffer.get_data()); }
+
+void BLECharacteristic::set_value(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
   xSemaphoreTake(this->set_value_lock_, 0L);
-  this->value_ = std::move(value);
+  this->value_ = buffer;
   xSemaphoreGive(this->set_value_lock_);
 }
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(const std::string &value) {
+void BLECharacteristic::set_value(const std::string &buffer) {
-  this->set_value(std::vector<uint8_t>(value.begin(), value.end()));
+  this->set_value(std::vector<uint8_t>(buffer.begin(), buffer.end()));
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
-  this->set_value(std::vector<uint8_t>(data, data + length));
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(uint8_t &data) {
-  uint8_t temp[1];
-  temp[0] = data;
-  this->set_value(temp, 1);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(uint16_t &data) {
-  uint8_t temp[2];
-  temp[0] = data;
-  temp[1] = data >> 8;
-  this->set_value(temp, 2);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(uint32_t &data) {
-  uint8_t temp[4];
-  temp[0] = data;
-  temp[1] = data >> 8;
-  temp[2] = data >> 16;
-  temp[3] = data >> 24;
-  this->set_value(temp, 4);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(int &data) {
-  uint8_t temp[4];
-  temp[0] = data;
-  temp[1] = data >> 8;
-  temp[2] = data >> 16;
-  temp[3] = data >> 24;
-  this->set_value(temp, 4);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(float &data) {
-  float temp = data;
-  this->set_value((uint8_t *) &temp, 4);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(double &data) {
-  double temp = data;
-  this->set_value((uint8_t *) &temp, 8);
-}
-void BLECharacteristic::set_value(bool &data) {
-  uint8_t temp[1];
-  temp[0] = data;
-  this->set_value(temp, 1);
 }
 
-void BLECharacteristic::notify(bool notification) {
+void BLECharacteristic::notify() {
-  if (!notification) {
+  if (this->service_ == nullptr || this->service_->get_server() == nullptr ||
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "notification=false is not yet supported");
+      this->service_->get_server()->get_connected_client_count() == 0)
-    // TODO: Handle when notification=false
-  }
-  if (this->service_->get_server()->get_connected_client_count() == 0)
     return;
 
   for (auto &client : this->service_->get_server()->get_clients()) {
     size_t length = this->value_.size();
-    esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_send_indicate(this->service_->get_server()->get_gatts_if(), client.first,
+    // If the client is not in the list of clients to notify, skip it
-                                                this->handle_, length, this->value_.data(), false);
+    if (this->clients_to_notify_.count(client) == 0)
+      continue;
+    // If the client is in the list of clients to notify, check if it requires an ack (i.e. INDICATE)
+    bool require_ack = this->clients_to_notify_[client];
+    // TODO: Remove this block when INDICATE acknowledgment is supported
+    if (require_ack) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "INDICATE acknowledgment is not yet supported (i.e. it works as a NOTIFY)");
+      require_ack = false;
+    }
+    esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_send_indicate(this->service_->get_server()->get_gatts_if(), client, this->handle_,
+                                                length, this->value_.data(), require_ack);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gatts_send_indicate failed %d", err);
       return;
@@ -103,7 +69,24 @@ void BLECharacteristic::notify(bool notification) {
   }
 }
 
-void BLECharacteristic::add_descriptor(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) { this->descriptors_.push_back(descriptor); }
+void BLECharacteristic::add_descriptor(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) {
+  // If the descriptor is the CCCD descriptor, listen to its write event to know if the client wants to be notified
+  if (descriptor->get_uuid() == ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(ESP_GATT_UUID_CHAR_CLIENT_CONFIG)) {
+    descriptor->on(BLEDescriptorEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE, [this](const std::vector<uint8_t> &value, uint16_t conn_id) {
+      if (value.size() != 2)
+        return;
+      uint16_t cccd = encode_uint16(value[1], value[0]);
+      bool notify = (cccd & 1) != 0;
+      bool indicate = (cccd & 2) != 0;
+      if (notify || indicate) {
+        this->clients_to_notify_[conn_id] = indicate;
+      } else {
+        this->clients_to_notify_.erase(conn_id);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  this->descriptors_.push_back(descriptor);
+}
 
 void BLECharacteristic::remove_descriptor(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) {
   this->descriptors_.erase(std::remove(this->descriptors_.begin(), this->descriptors_.end(), descriptor),
@@ -223,6 +206,9 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
       if (!param->read.need_rsp)
         break;  // For some reason you can request a read but not want a response
 
+      this->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt, uint16_t>::emit_(BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_READ,
+                                                                          param->read.conn_id);
+
       uint16_t max_offset = 22;
 
       esp_gatt_rsp_t response;
@@ -262,13 +248,13 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_WRITE_EVT: {
       if (this->handle_ != param->write.handle)
-        return;
+        break;
 
       if (param->write.is_prep) {
         this->value_.insert(this->value_.end(), param->write.value, param->write.value + param->write.len);
         this->write_event_ = true;
       } else {
-        this->set_value(param->write.value, param->write.len);
+        this->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(param->write.value, param->write.len));
       }
 
       if (param->write.need_rsp) {
@@ -289,7 +275,8 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
       }
 
       if (!param->write.is_prep) {
-        this->on_write_(this->value_);
+        this->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>::emit_(
+            BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE, this->value_, param->write.conn_id);
       }
 
       break;
@@ -300,7 +287,8 @@ void BLECharacteristic::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt
         break;
       this->write_event_ = false;
       if (param->exec_write.exec_write_flag == ESP_GATT_PREP_WRITE_EXEC) {
-        this->on_write_(this->value_);
+        this->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>::emit_(
+            BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE, this->value_, param->exec_write.conn_id);
       }
       esp_err_t err =
           esp_ble_gatts_send_response(gatts_if, param->write.conn_id, param->write.trans_id, ESP_GATT_OK, nullptr);

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.h

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 
 #include "ble_descriptor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
+#include "esphome/components/event_emitter/event_emitter.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 
 #include <vector>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
@@ -19,24 +22,30 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_ble_server {
 
 using namespace esp32_ble;
+using namespace bytebuffer;
+using namespace event_emitter;
 
 class BLEService;
 
-class BLECharacteristic {
+namespace BLECharacteristicEvt {
+enum VectorEvt {
+  ON_WRITE,
+};
+
+enum EmptyEvt {
+  ON_READ,
+};
+}  // namespace BLECharacteristicEvt
+
+class BLECharacteristic : public EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>,
+                          public EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt, uint16_t> {
  public:
   BLECharacteristic(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint32_t properties);
   ~BLECharacteristic();
 
-  void set_value(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+  void set_value(ByteBuffer buffer);
-  void set_value(std::vector<uint8_t> value);
+  void set_value(const std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer);
-  void set_value(const std::string &value);
+  void set_value(const std::string &buffer);
-  void set_value(uint8_t &data);
-  void set_value(uint16_t &data);
-  void set_value(uint32_t &data);
-  void set_value(int &data);
-  void set_value(float &data);
-  void set_value(double &data);
-  void set_value(bool &data);
 
   void set_broadcast_property(bool value);
   void set_indicate_property(bool value);
@@ -45,13 +54,12 @@ class BLECharacteristic {
   void set_write_property(bool value);
   void set_write_no_response_property(bool value);
 
-  void notify(bool notification = true);
+  void notify();
 
   void do_create(BLEService *service);
+  void do_delete() { this->clients_to_notify_.clear(); }
   void gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if, esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param);
 
-  void on_write(const std::function<void(const std::vector<uint8_t> &)> &&func) { this->on_write_ = func; }
-
   void add_descriptor(BLEDescriptor *descriptor);
   void remove_descriptor(BLEDescriptor *descriptor);
 
@@ -71,7 +79,7 @@ class BLECharacteristic {
 
  protected:
   bool write_event_{false};
-  BLEService *service_;
+  BLEService *service_{};
   ESPBTUUID uuid_;
   esp_gatt_char_prop_t properties_;
   uint16_t handle_{0xFFFF};
@@ -81,8 +89,7 @@ class BLECharacteristic {
   SemaphoreHandle_t set_value_lock_;
 
   std::vector<BLEDescriptor *> descriptors_;
-
+  std::unordered_map<uint16_t, bool> clients_to_notify_;
-  std::function<void(const std::vector<uint8_t> &)> on_write_;
 
   esp_gatt_perm_t permissions_ = ESP_GATT_PERM_READ | ESP_GATT_PERM_WRITE;
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_descriptor.cpp

@@ -12,11 +12,19 @@ namespace esp32_ble_server {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble_server.descriptor";
 
-BLEDescriptor::BLEDescriptor(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint16_t max_len) {
+static RAMAllocator<uint8_t> descriptor_allocator{};  // NOLINT
+
+BLEDescriptor::BLEDescriptor(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint16_t max_len, bool read, bool write) {
   this->uuid_ = uuid;
   this->value_.attr_len = 0;
   this->value_.attr_max_len = max_len;
-  this->value_.attr_value = (uint8_t *) malloc(max_len);  // NOLINT
+  this->value_.attr_value = descriptor_allocator.allocate(max_len);
+  if (read) {
+    this->permissions_ |= ESP_GATT_PERM_READ;
+  }
+  if (write) {
+    this->permissions_ |= ESP_GATT_PERM_WRITE;
+  }
 }
 
 BLEDescriptor::~BLEDescriptor() { free(this->value_.attr_value); }  // NOLINT
@@ -38,14 +46,15 @@ void BLEDescriptor::do_create(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) {
   this->state_ = CREATING;
 }
 
-void BLEDescriptor::set_value(const std::string &value) { this->set_value((uint8_t *) value.data(), value.length()); }
+void BLEDescriptor::set_value(std::vector<uint8_t> buffer) {
-void BLEDescriptor::set_value(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  size_t length = buffer.size();
+
   if (length > this->value_.attr_max_len) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Size %d too large, must be no bigger than %d", length, this->value_.attr_max_len);
     return;
   }
   this->value_.attr_len = length;
-  memcpy(this->value_.attr_value, data, length);
+  memcpy(this->value_.attr_value, buffer.data(), length);
 }
 
 void BLEDescriptor::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if,
@@ -61,10 +70,13 @@ void BLEDescriptor::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_WRITE_EVT: {
-      if (this->handle_ == param->write.handle) {
+      if (this->handle_ != param->write.handle)
+        break;
       this->value_.attr_len = param->write.len;
       memcpy(this->value_.attr_value, param->write.value, param->write.len);
-      }
+      this->emit_(BLEDescriptorEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE,
+                  std::vector<uint8_t>(param->write.value, param->write.value + param->write.len),
+                  param->write.conn_id);
       break;
     }
     default:

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_descriptor.h

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
+#include "esphome/components/event_emitter/event_emitter.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
@@ -11,17 +13,26 @@ namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_ble_server {
 
 using namespace esp32_ble;
+using namespace bytebuffer;
+using namespace event_emitter;
 
 class BLECharacteristic;
 
-class BLEDescriptor {
+namespace BLEDescriptorEvt {
+enum VectorEvt {
+  ON_WRITE,
+};
+}  // namespace BLEDescriptorEvt
+
+class BLEDescriptor : public EventEmitter<BLEDescriptorEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> {
  public:
-  BLEDescriptor(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint16_t max_len = 100);
+  BLEDescriptor(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint16_t max_len = 100, bool read = true, bool write = true);
   virtual ~BLEDescriptor();
   void do_create(BLECharacteristic *characteristic);
+  ESPBTUUID get_uuid() const { return this->uuid_; }
 
-  void set_value(const std::string &value);
+  void set_value(std::vector<uint8_t> buffer);
-  void set_value(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+  void set_value(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_value(buffer.get_data()); }
 
   void gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if, esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param);
 
@@ -33,9 +44,9 @@ class BLEDescriptor {
   ESPBTUUID uuid_;
   uint16_t handle_{0xFFFF};
 
-  esp_attr_value_t value_;
+  esp_attr_value_t value_{};
 
-  esp_gatt_perm_t permissions_ = ESP_GATT_PERM_READ | ESP_GATT_PERM_WRITE;
+  esp_gatt_perm_t permissions_{};
 
   enum State : uint8_t {
     FAILED = 0x00,

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp

@@ -19,11 +19,6 @@ namespace esp32_ble_server {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_ble_server";
 
-static const uint16_t DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID = 0x180A;
-static const uint16_t MODEL_UUID = 0x2A24;
-static const uint16_t VERSION_UUID = 0x2A26;
-static const uint16_t MANUFACTURER_UUID = 0x2A29;
-
 void BLEServer::setup() {
   if (this->parent_->is_failed()) {
     this->mark_failed();
@@ -38,9 +33,27 @@ void BLEServer::loop() {
     return;
   }
   switch (this->state_) {
-    case RUNNING:
+    case RUNNING: {
-      return;
+      // Start all services that are pending to start
-
+      if (!this->services_to_start_.empty()) {
+        uint16_t index_to_remove = 0;
+        // Iterate over the services to start
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < this->services_to_start_.size(); i++) {
+          BLEService *service = this->services_to_start_[i];
+          if (service->is_created()) {
+            service->start();  // Needs to be called once per characteristic in the service
+          } else {
+            index_to_remove = i + 1;
+          }
+        }
+        // Remove the services that have been started
+        if (index_to_remove > 0) {
+          this->services_to_start_.erase(this->services_to_start_.begin(),
+                                         this->services_to_start_.begin() + index_to_remove - 1);
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
     case INIT: {
       esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_app_register(0);
       if (err != ESP_OK) {
@@ -53,29 +66,26 @@ void BLEServer::loop() {
     }
     case REGISTERING: {
       if (this->registered_) {
+        // Create the device information service first so
+        // it is at the top of the GATT table
+        this->device_information_service_->do_create(this);
         // Create all services previously created
         for (auto &pair : this->services_) {
-          pair.second->do_create(this);
+          if (pair.second == this->device_information_service_) {
+            continue;
           }
-        if (this->device_information_service_ == nullptr) {
+          pair.second->do_create(this);
-          this->create_service(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID));
-          this->device_information_service_ =
-              this->get_service(ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE_UUID));
-          this->create_device_characteristics_();
         }
         this->state_ = STARTING_SERVICE;
       }
       break;
     }
     case STARTING_SERVICE: {
-      if (!this->device_information_service_->is_created()) {
-        break;
-      }
       if (this->device_information_service_->is_running()) {
         this->state_ = RUNNING;
         this->restart_advertising_();
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE server setup successfully");
-      } else if (!this->device_information_service_->is_starting()) {
+      } else if (this->device_information_service_->is_created()) {
         this->device_information_service_->start();
       }
       break;
@@ -93,81 +103,66 @@ void BLEServer::restart_advertising_() {
   }
 }
 
-bool BLEServer::create_device_characteristics_() {
+BLEService *BLEServer::create_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, bool advertise, uint16_t num_handles) {
-  if (this->model_.has_value()) {
-    BLECharacteristic *model =
-        this->device_information_service_->create_characteristic(MODEL_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ);
-    model->set_value(this->model_.value());
-  } else {
-    BLECharacteristic *model =
-        this->device_information_service_->create_characteristic(MODEL_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ);
-    model->set_value(ESPHOME_BOARD);
-  }
-
-  BLECharacteristic *version =
-      this->device_information_service_->create_characteristic(VERSION_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ);
-  version->set_value("ESPHome " ESPHOME_VERSION);
-
-  BLECharacteristic *manufacturer =
-      this->device_information_service_->create_characteristic(MANUFACTURER_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_READ);
-  manufacturer->set_value(this->manufacturer_);
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-void BLEServer::create_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, bool advertise, uint16_t num_handles, uint8_t inst_id) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Creating BLE service - %s", uuid.to_string().c_str());
-  // If the service already exists, do nothing
+  // Calculate the inst_id for the service
-  BLEService *service = this->get_service(uuid);
+  uint8_t inst_id = 0;
-  if (service != nullptr) {
+  for (; inst_id < 0xFF; inst_id++) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "BLE service %s already exists", uuid.to_string().c_str());
+    if (this->get_service(uuid, inst_id) == nullptr) {
-    return;
+      break;
     }
-  service = new BLEService(uuid, num_handles, inst_id, advertise);  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  }
-  this->services_.emplace(uuid.to_string(), service);
+  if (inst_id == 0xFF) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not create BLE service %s, too many instances", uuid.to_string().c_str());
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  BLEService *service =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+      new BLEService(uuid, num_handles, inst_id, advertise);
+  this->services_.emplace(BLEServer::get_service_key(uuid, inst_id), service);
+  if (this->parent_->is_active() && this->registered_) {
     service->do_create(this);
+  }
+  return service;
 }
 
-void BLEServer::remove_service(ESPBTUUID uuid) {
+void BLEServer::remove_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Removing BLE service - %s", uuid.to_string().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Removing BLE service - %s %d", uuid.to_string().c_str(), inst_id);
-  BLEService *service = this->get_service(uuid);
+  BLEService *service = this->get_service(uuid, inst_id);
   if (service == nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "BLE service %s not found", uuid.to_string().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "BLE service %s %d does not exist", uuid.to_string().c_str(), inst_id);
     return;
   }
   service->do_delete();
   delete service;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  this->services_.erase(uuid.to_string());
+  this->services_.erase(BLEServer::get_service_key(uuid, inst_id));
 }
 
-BLEService *BLEServer::get_service(ESPBTUUID uuid) {
+BLEService *BLEServer::get_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id) {
   BLEService *service = nullptr;
-  if (this->services_.count(uuid.to_string()) > 0) {
+  if (this->services_.count(BLEServer::get_service_key(uuid, inst_id)) > 0) {
-    service = this->services_.at(uuid.to_string());
+    service = this->services_.at(BLEServer::get_service_key(uuid, inst_id));
   }
   return service;
 }
 
+std::string BLEServer::get_service_key(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id) {
+  return uuid.to_string() + std::to_string(inst_id);
+}
+
 void BLEServer::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if,
                                     esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param) {
   switch (event) {
     case ESP_GATTS_CONNECT_EVT: {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE Client connected");
-      this->add_client_(param->connect.conn_id, (void *) this);
+      this->add_client_(param->connect.conn_id);
-      this->connected_clients_++;
+      this->emit_(BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_CONNECT, param->connect.conn_id);
-      for (auto *component : this->service_components_) {
-        component->on_client_connect();
-      }
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_DISCONNECT_EVT: {
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "BLE Client disconnected");
-      if (this->remove_client_(param->disconnect.conn_id))
+      this->remove_client_(param->disconnect.conn_id);
-        this->connected_clients_--;
       this->parent_->advertising_start();
-      for (auto *component : this->service_components_) {
+      this->emit_(BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_DISCONNECT, param->disconnect.conn_id);
-        component->on_client_disconnect();
-      }
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_REG_EVT: {

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.h

@@ -4,36 +4,38 @@
 #include "ble_characteristic.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h"
-#include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/queue.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
-#include <esp_gap_ble_api.h>
 #include <esp_gatts_api.h>
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_ble_server {
 
 using namespace esp32_ble;
+using namespace bytebuffer;
 
-class BLEServiceComponent {
+namespace BLEServerEvt {
- public:
+enum EmptyEvt {
-  virtual void on_client_connect(){};
+  ON_CONNECT,
-  virtual void on_client_disconnect(){};
+  ON_DISCONNECT,
-  virtual void start();
-  virtual void stop();
 };
+}  // namespace BLEServerEvt
 
-class BLEServer : public Component, public GATTsEventHandler, public BLEStatusEventHandler, public Parented<ESP32BLE> {
+class BLEServer : public Component,
+                  public GATTsEventHandler,
+                  public BLEStatusEventHandler,
+                  public Parented<ESP32BLE>,
+                  public EventEmitter<BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt, uint16_t> {
  public:
   void setup() override;
   void loop() override;
@@ -44,47 +46,41 @@ class BLEServer : public Component, public GATTsEventHandler, public BLEStatusEv
   void teardown();
   bool is_running();
 
-  void set_manufacturer(const std::string &manufacturer) { this->manufacturer_ = manufacturer; }
-  void set_model(const std::string &model) { this->model_ = model; }
   void set_manufacturer_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     this->manufacturer_data_ = data;
     this->restart_advertising_();
   }
 
-  void create_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, bool advertise = false, uint16_t num_handles = 15, uint8_t inst_id = 0);
+  BLEService *create_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, bool advertise = false, uint16_t num_handles = 15);
-  void remove_service(ESPBTUUID uuid);
+  void remove_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id = 0);
-  BLEService *get_service(ESPBTUUID uuid);
+  BLEService *get_service(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id = 0);
+  void enqueue_start_service(BLEService *service) { this->services_to_start_.push_back(service); }
+  void set_device_information_service(BLEService *service) { this->device_information_service_ = service; }
 
   esp_gatt_if_t get_gatts_if() { return this->gatts_if_; }
-  uint32_t get_connected_client_count() { return this->connected_clients_; }
+  uint32_t get_connected_client_count() { return this->clients_.size(); }
-  const std::unordered_map<uint16_t, void *> &get_clients() { return this->clients_; }
+  const std::unordered_set<uint16_t> &get_clients() { return this->clients_; }
 
   void gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if,
                            esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param) override;
 
   void ble_before_disabled_event_handler() override;
 
-  void register_service_component(BLEServiceComponent *component) { this->service_components_.push_back(component); }
-
  protected:
-  bool create_device_characteristics_();
+  static std::string get_service_key(ESPBTUUID uuid, uint8_t inst_id);
   void restart_advertising_();
 
-  void add_client_(uint16_t conn_id, void *client) { this->clients_.emplace(conn_id, client); }
+  void add_client_(uint16_t conn_id) { this->clients_.insert(conn_id); }
-  bool remove_client_(uint16_t conn_id) { return this->clients_.erase(conn_id) > 0; }
+  void remove_client_(uint16_t conn_id) { this->clients_.erase(conn_id); }
 
-  std::string manufacturer_;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> manufacturer_data_{};
-  optional<std::string> model_;
-  std::vector<uint8_t> manufacturer_data_;
   esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if_{0};
   bool registered_{false};
 
-  uint32_t connected_clients_{0};
+  std::unordered_set<uint16_t> clients_;
-  std::unordered_map<uint16_t, void *> clients_;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, BLEService *> services_{};
-  std::unordered_map<std::string, BLEService *> services_;
+  std::vector<BLEService *> services_to_start_{};
-  BLEService *device_information_service_;
+  BLEService *device_information_service_{};
-
-  std::vector<BLEServiceComponent *> service_components_;
 
   enum State : uint8_t {
     INIT = 0x00,

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server_automations.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#include "ble_server_automations.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace esp32_ble_server {
+// Interface to interact with ESPHome automations and triggers
+namespace esp32_ble_server_automations {
+
+using namespace esp32_ble;
+
+Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_characteristic_on_write_trigger(
+    BLECharacteristic *characteristic) {
+  Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *on_write_trigger =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+      new Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>();
+  characteristic->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>::on(
+      BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE,
+      [on_write_trigger](const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint16_t id) { on_write_trigger->trigger(data, id); });
+  return on_write_trigger;
+}
+
+Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_descriptor_on_write_trigger(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) {
+  Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *on_write_trigger =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+      new Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>();
+  descriptor->on(
+      BLEDescriptorEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE,
+      [on_write_trigger](const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint16_t id) { on_write_trigger->trigger(data, id); });
+  return on_write_trigger;
+}
+
+Trigger<uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_server_on_connect_trigger(BLEServer *server) {
+  Trigger<uint16_t> *on_connect_trigger = new Trigger<uint16_t>();  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  server->on(BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_CONNECT,
+             [on_connect_trigger](uint16_t conn_id) { on_connect_trigger->trigger(conn_id); });
+  return on_connect_trigger;
+}
+
+Trigger<uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_server_on_disconnect_trigger(BLEServer *server) {
+  Trigger<uint16_t> *on_disconnect_trigger = new Trigger<uint16_t>();  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
+  server->on(BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_DISCONNECT,
+             [on_disconnect_trigger](uint16_t conn_id) { on_disconnect_trigger->trigger(conn_id); });
+  return on_disconnect_trigger;
+}
+
+void BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager::set_listener(BLECharacteristic *characteristic,
+                                                          EventEmitterListenerID listener_id,
+                                                          const std::function<void()> &pre_notify_listener) {
+  // Check if there is already a listener for this characteristic
+  if (this->listeners_.count(characteristic) > 0) {
+    // Unpack the pair listener_id, pre_notify_listener_id
+    auto listener_pairs = this->listeners_[characteristic];
+    EventEmitterListenerID old_listener_id = listener_pairs.first;
+    EventEmitterListenerID old_pre_notify_listener_id = listener_pairs.second;
+    // Remove the previous listener
+    characteristic->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt, uint16_t>::off(BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_READ,
+                                                                                old_listener_id);
+    // Remove the pre-notify listener
+    this->off(BLECharacteristicSetValueActionEvt::PRE_NOTIFY, old_pre_notify_listener_id);
+  }
+  // Create a new listener for the pre-notify event
+  EventEmitterListenerID pre_notify_listener_id =
+      this->on(BLECharacteristicSetValueActionEvt::PRE_NOTIFY,
+               [pre_notify_listener, characteristic](const BLECharacteristic *evt_characteristic) {
+                 // Only call the pre-notify listener if the characteristic is the one we are interested in
+                 if (characteristic == evt_characteristic) {
+                   pre_notify_listener();
+                 }
+               });
+  // Save the pair listener_id, pre_notify_listener_id to the map
+  this->listeners_[characteristic] = std::make_pair(listener_id, pre_notify_listener_id);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esp32_ble_server_automations
+}  // namespace esp32_ble_server
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server_automations.h

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "ble_server.h"
+#include "ble_characteristic.h"
+#include "ble_descriptor.h"
+
+#include "esphome/components/event_emitter/event_emitter.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <functional>
+
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace esp32_ble_server {
+// Interface to interact with ESPHome actions and triggers
+namespace esp32_ble_server_automations {
+
+using namespace esp32_ble;
+using namespace event_emitter;
+
+class BLETriggers {
+ public:
+  static Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *create_characteristic_on_write_trigger(
+      BLECharacteristic *characteristic);
+  static Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *create_descriptor_on_write_trigger(BLEDescriptor *descriptor);
+  static Trigger<uint16_t> *create_server_on_connect_trigger(BLEServer *server);
+  static Trigger<uint16_t> *create_server_on_disconnect_trigger(BLEServer *server);
+};
+
+enum BLECharacteristicSetValueActionEvt {
+  PRE_NOTIFY,
+};
+
+// Class to make sure only one BLECharacteristicSetValueAction is active at a time for each characteristic
+class BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager
+    : public EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicSetValueActionEvt, BLECharacteristic *> {
+ public:
+  // Singleton pattern
+  static BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager *get_instance() {
+    static BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager instance;
+    return &instance;
+  }
+  void set_listener(BLECharacteristic *characteristic, EventEmitterListenerID listener_id,
+                    const std::function<void()> &pre_notify_listener);
+  EventEmitterListenerID get_listener(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) {
+    return this->listeners_[characteristic].first;
+  }
+  void emit_pre_notify(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) {
+    this->emit_(BLECharacteristicSetValueActionEvt::PRE_NOTIFY, characteristic);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unordered_map<BLECharacteristic *, std::pair<EventEmitterListenerID, EventEmitterListenerID>> listeners_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLECharacteristicSetValueAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  BLECharacteristicSetValueAction(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) : parent_(characteristic) {}
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::vector<uint8_t>, buffer)
+  void set_buffer(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_buffer(buffer.get_data()); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
+    // If the listener is already set, do nothing
+    if (BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager::get_instance()->get_listener(this->parent_) == this->listener_id_)
+      return;
+    // Set initial value
+    this->parent_->set_value(this->buffer_.value(x...));
+    // Set the listener for read events
+    this->listener_id_ = this->parent_->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt, uint16_t>::on(
+        BLECharacteristicEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_READ, [this, x...](uint16_t id) {
+          // Set the value of the characteristic every time it is read
+          this->parent_->set_value(this->buffer_.value(x...));
+        });
+    // Set the listener in the global manager so only one BLECharacteristicSetValueAction is set for each characteristic
+    BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager::get_instance()->set_listener(
+        this->parent_, this->listener_id_, [this, x...]() { this->parent_->set_value(this->buffer_.value(x...)); });
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  BLECharacteristic *parent_;
+  EventEmitterListenerID listener_id_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLECharacteristicNotifyAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  BLECharacteristicNotifyAction(BLECharacteristic *characteristic) : parent_(characteristic) {}
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
+    // Call the pre-notify event
+    BLECharacteristicSetValueActionManager::get_instance()->emit_pre_notify(this->parent_);
+    // Notify the characteristic
+    this->parent_->notify();
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  BLECharacteristic *parent_;
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class BLEDescriptorSetValueAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  BLEDescriptorSetValueAction(BLEDescriptor *descriptor) : parent_(descriptor) {}
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::vector<uint8_t>, buffer)
+  void set_buffer(ByteBuffer buffer) { this->set_buffer(buffer.get_data()); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_value(this->buffer_.value(x...)); }
+
+ protected:
+  BLEDescriptor *parent_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esp32_ble_server_automations
+}  // namespace esp32_ble_server
+}  // namespace esphome
+
+#endif

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_service.cpp

@@ -52,18 +52,21 @@ void BLEService::do_create(BLEServer *server) {
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_create_service(server->get_gatts_if(), &srvc_id, this->num_handles_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gatts_create_service failed: %d", err);
-    this->init_state_ = FAILED;
+    this->state_ = FAILED;
     return;
   }
-  this->init_state_ = CREATING;
+  this->state_ = CREATING;
 }
 
 void BLEService::do_delete() {
-  if (this->init_state_ == DELETING || this->init_state_ == DELETED)
+  if (this->state_ == DELETING || this->state_ == DELETED)
     return;
-  this->init_state_ = DELETING;
+  this->state_ = DELETING;
   this->created_characteristic_count_ = 0;
   this->last_created_characteristic_ = nullptr;
+  // Call all characteristics to delete
+  for (auto *characteristic : this->characteristics_)
+    characteristic->do_delete();
   this->stop_();
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_delete_service(this->handle_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
@@ -91,6 +94,7 @@ void BLEService::start() {
     return;
   should_start_ = true;
 
+  this->state_ = STARTING;
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_start_service(this->handle_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gatts_start_service failed: %d", err);
@@ -98,7 +102,6 @@ void BLEService::start() {
   }
   if (this->advertise_)
     esp32_ble::global_ble->advertising_add_service_uuid(this->uuid_);
-  this->running_state_ = STARTING;
 }
 
 void BLEService::stop() {
@@ -107,9 +110,9 @@ void BLEService::stop() {
 }
 
 void BLEService::stop_() {
-  if (this->running_state_ == STOPPING || this->running_state_ == STOPPED)
+  if (this->state_ == STOPPING || this->state_ == STOPPED)
     return;
-  this->running_state_ = STOPPING;
+  this->state_ = STOPPING;
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gatts_stop_service(this->handle_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gatts_stop_service failed: %d", err);
@@ -119,17 +122,16 @@ void BLEService::stop_() {
     esp32_ble::global_ble->advertising_remove_service_uuid(this->uuid_);
 }
 
-bool BLEService::is_created() { return this->init_state_ == CREATED; }
 bool BLEService::is_failed() {
-  if (this->init_state_ == FAILED)
+  if (this->state_ == FAILED)
     return true;
   bool failed = false;
   for (auto *characteristic : this->characteristics_)
     failed |= characteristic->is_failed();
 
   if (failed)
-    this->init_state_ = FAILED;
+    this->state_ = FAILED;
-  return this->init_state_ == FAILED;
+  return this->state_ == FAILED;
 }
 
 void BLEService::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if,
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ void BLEService::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t g
       if (this->uuid_ == ESPBTUUID::from_uuid(param->create.service_id.id.uuid) &&
           this->inst_id_ == param->create.service_id.id.inst_id) {
         this->handle_ = param->create.service_handle;
-        this->init_state_ = CREATED;
+        this->state_ = CREATED;
         if (this->should_start_)
           this->start();
       }
@@ -147,18 +149,18 @@ void BLEService::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t g
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_DELETE_EVT:
       if (param->del.service_handle == this->handle_) {
-        this->init_state_ = DELETED;
+        this->state_ = DELETED;
       }
       break;
     case ESP_GATTS_START_EVT: {
       if (param->start.service_handle == this->handle_) {
-        this->running_state_ = RUNNING;
+        this->state_ = RUNNING;
       }
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTS_STOP_EVT: {
       if (param->start.service_handle == this->handle_) {
-        this->running_state_ = STOPPED;
+        this->state_ = STOPPED;
       }
       break;
     }

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_service.h

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ class BLEService {
   BLECharacteristic *create_characteristic(ESPBTUUID uuid, esp_gatt_char_prop_t properties);
 
   ESPBTUUID get_uuid() { return this->uuid_; }
+  uint8_t get_inst_id() { return this->inst_id_; }
   BLECharacteristic *get_last_created_characteristic() { return this->last_created_characteristic_; }
   uint16_t get_handle() { return this->handle_; }
 
@@ -44,18 +45,17 @@ class BLEService {
   void start();
   void stop();
 
-  bool is_created();
   bool is_failed();
-
+  bool is_created() { return this->state_ == CREATED; }
-  bool is_running() { return this->running_state_ == RUNNING; }
+  bool is_running() { return this->state_ == RUNNING; }
-  bool is_starting() { return this->running_state_ == STARTING; }
+  bool is_starting() { return this->state_ == STARTING; }
-  bool is_deleted() { return this->init_state_ == DELETED; }
+  bool is_deleted() { return this->state_ == DELETED; }
 
  protected:
   std::vector<BLECharacteristic *> characteristics_;
   BLECharacteristic *last_created_characteristic_{nullptr};
   uint32_t created_characteristic_count_{0};
-  BLEServer *server_;
+  BLEServer *server_ = nullptr;
   ESPBTUUID uuid_;
   uint16_t num_handles_;
   uint16_t handle_{0xFFFF};
@@ -66,22 +66,18 @@ class BLEService {
   bool do_create_characteristics_();
   void stop_();
 
-  enum InitState : uint8_t {
+  enum State : uint8_t {
     FAILED = 0x00,
     INIT,
     CREATING,
-    CREATING_DEPENDENTS,
     CREATED,
-    DELETING,
-    DELETED,
-  } init_state_{INIT};
-
-  enum RunningState : uint8_t {
     STARTING,
     RUNNING,
     STOPPING,
     STOPPED,
-  } running_state_{STOPPED};
+    DELETING,
+    DELETED,
+  } state_{INIT};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esp32_ble_server

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-import re
-
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32_ble
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
+from esphome.components.esp32_ble import (
+    bt_uuid,
+    bt_uuid16_format,
+    bt_uuid32_format,
+    bt_uuid128_format,
+)
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ACTIVE,
@@ -86,43 +90,6 @@ def validate_scan_parameters(config):
     return config
 
 
-bt_uuid16_format = "XXXX"
-bt_uuid32_format = "XXXXXXXX"
-bt_uuid128_format = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX"
-
-
-def bt_uuid(value):
-    in_value = cv.string_strict(value)
-    value = in_value.upper()
-
-    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid16_format):
-        pattern = re.compile("^[A-F|0-9]{4,}$")
-        if not pattern.match(value):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 16 bit UUID format: '{in_value}'"
-            )
-        return value
-    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid32_format):
-        pattern = re.compile("^[A-F|0-9]{8,}$")
-        if not pattern.match(value):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 32 bit UUID format: '{in_value}'"
-            )
-        return value
-    if len(value) == len(bt_uuid128_format):
-        pattern = re.compile(
-            "^[A-F|0-9]{8,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{4,}-[A-F|0-9]{12,}$"
-        )
-        if not pattern.match(value):
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Invalid hexadecimal value for 128 UUID format: '{in_value}'"
-            )
-        return value
-    raise cv.Invalid(
-        f"Service UUID must be in 16 bit '{bt_uuid16_format}', 32 bit '{bt_uuid32_format}', or 128 bit '{bt_uuid128_format}' format"
-    )
-
-
 def as_hex(value):
     return cg.RawExpression(f"0x{value}ULL")
 

esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble_server, output
+from esphome.components import binary_sensor, output
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_STATE, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ Error = improv_ns.enum("Error")
 State = improv_ns.enum("State")
 
 esp32_improv_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32_improv")
-ESP32ImprovComponent = esp32_improv_ns.class_(
+ESP32ImprovComponent = esp32_improv_ns.class_("ESP32ImprovComponent", cg.Component)
-    "ESP32ImprovComponent", cg.Component, esp32_ble_server.BLEServiceComponent
-)
 ESP32ImprovProvisionedTrigger = esp32_improv_ns.class_(
     "ESP32ImprovProvisionedTrigger", automation.Trigger.template()
 )
@@ -47,7 +45,6 @@ ESP32ImprovStoppedTrigger = esp32_improv_ns.class_(
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(ESP32ImprovComponent),
-        cv.GenerateID(CONF_BLE_SERVER_ID): cv.use_id(esp32_ble_server.BLEServer),
         cv.Required(CONF_AUTHORIZER): cv.Any(
             cv.none, cv.use_id(binary_sensor.BinarySensor)
         ),
@@ -100,9 +97,6 @@ async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
-    ble_server = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_BLE_SERVER_ID])
-    cg.add(ble_server.register_service_component(var))
-
     cg.add_define("USE_IMPROV")
     cg.add_library("improv/Improv", "1.2.4")
 

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp

@@ -4,12 +4,15 @@
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_2902.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/components/bytebuffer/bytebuffer.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_improv {
 
+using namespace bytebuffer;
+
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_improv.component";
 static const char *const ESPHOME_MY_LINK = "https://my.home-assistant.io/redirect/config_flow_start?domain=esphome";
 
@@ -26,6 +29,8 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::setup() {
     });
   }
 #endif
+  global_ble_server->on(BLEServerEvt::EmptyEvt::ON_DISCONNECT,
+                        [this](uint16_t conn_id) { this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_NONE); });
 }
 
 void ESP32ImprovComponent::setup_characteristics() {
@@ -40,7 +45,8 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::setup_characteristics() {
   this->error_->add_descriptor(error_descriptor);
 
   this->rpc_ = this->service_->create_characteristic(improv::RPC_COMMAND_UUID, BLECharacteristic::PROPERTY_WRITE);
-  this->rpc_->on_write([this](const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
+  this->rpc_->EventEmitter<BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt, std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>::on(
+      BLECharacteristicEvt::VectorEvt::ON_WRITE, [this](const std::vector<uint8_t> &data, uint16_t id) {
         if (!data.empty()) {
           this->incoming_data_.insert(this->incoming_data_.end(), data.begin(), data.end());
         }
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::setup_characteristics() {
   if (this->status_indicator_ != nullptr)
     capabilities |= improv::CAPABILITY_IDENTIFY;
 #endif
-  this->capabilities_->set_value(capabilities);
+  this->capabilities_->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(capabilities));
   this->setup_complete_ = true;
 }
 
@@ -80,8 +86,7 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::loop() {
   if (this->service_ == nullptr) {
     // Setup the service
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Creating Improv service");
-    global_ble_server->create_service(ESPBTUUID::from_raw(improv::SERVICE_UUID), true);
+    this->service_ = global_ble_server->create_service(ESPBTUUID::from_raw(improv::SERVICE_UUID), true);
-    this->service_ = global_ble_server->get_service(ESPBTUUID::from_raw(improv::SERVICE_UUID));
     this->setup_characteristics();
   }
 
@@ -93,15 +98,15 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::loop() {
     case improv::STATE_STOPPED:
       this->set_status_indicator_state_(false);
 
-      if (this->service_->is_created() && this->should_start_ && this->setup_complete_) {
+      if (this->should_start_ && this->setup_complete_) {
-        if (this->service_->is_running()) {
+        if (this->service_->is_created()) {
+          this->service_->start();
+        } else if (this->service_->is_running()) {
           esp32_ble::global_ble->advertising_start();
 
           this->set_state_(improv::STATE_AWAITING_AUTHORIZATION);
           this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_NONE);
           ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Service started!");
-        } else {
-          this->service_->start();
         }
       }
       break;
@@ -199,8 +204,7 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::set_state_(improv::State state) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Setting state: %d", state);
   this->state_ = state;
   if (this->status_->get_value().empty() || this->status_->get_value()[0] != state) {
-    uint8_t data[1]{state};
+    this->status_->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(static_cast<uint8_t>(state)));
-    this->status_->set_value(data, 1);
     if (state != improv::STATE_STOPPED)
       this->status_->notify();
   }
@@ -232,15 +236,14 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::set_error_(improv::Error error) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error: %d", error);
   }
   if (this->error_->get_value().empty() || this->error_->get_value()[0] != error) {
-    uint8_t data[1]{error};
+    this->error_->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(static_cast<uint8_t>(error)));
-    this->error_->set_value(data, 1);
     if (this->state_ != improv::STATE_STOPPED)
       this->error_->notify();
   }
 }
 
 void ESP32ImprovComponent::send_response_(std::vector<uint8_t> &response) {
-  this->rpc_response_->set_value(response);
+  this->rpc_response_->set_value(ByteBuffer::wrap(response));
   if (this->state_ != improv::STATE_STOPPED)
     this->rpc_response_->notify();
 }
@@ -339,8 +342,6 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::on_wifi_connect_timeout_() {
   wifi::global_wifi_component->clear_sta();
 }
 
-void ESP32ImprovComponent::on_client_disconnect() { this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_NONE); };
-
 ESP32ImprovComponent *global_improv_component = nullptr;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 }  // namespace esp32_improv

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.h

@@ -32,18 +32,17 @@ namespace esp32_improv {
 
 using namespace esp32_ble_server;
 
-class ESP32ImprovComponent : public Component, public BLEServiceComponent {
+class ESP32ImprovComponent : public Component {
  public:
   ESP32ImprovComponent();
   void dump_config() override;
   void loop() override;
   void setup() override;
   void setup_characteristics();
-  void on_client_disconnect() override;
 
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
-  void start() override;
+  void start();
-  void stop() override;
+  void stop();
   bool is_active() const { return this->state_ != improv::STATE_STOPPED; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_IMPROV_STATE_CALLBACK

esphome/components/event_emitter/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@Rapsssito"]
+
+# Allows event_emitter to be configured in yaml, to allow use of the C++ api.
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = {}

esphome/components/event_emitter/event_emitter.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "event_emitter.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace event_emitter {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "event_emitter";
+
+void raise_event_emitter_full_error() {
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "EventEmitter has reached the maximum number of listeners for event");
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Removing listener to make space for new listener");
+}
+
+}  // namespace event_emitter
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/event_emitter/event_emitter.h

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+#include <functional>
+#include <limits>
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome {
+namespace event_emitter {
+
+using EventEmitterListenerID = uint32_t;
+void raise_event_emitter_full_error();
+
+// EventEmitter class that can emit events with a specific name (it is highly recommended to use an enum class for this)
+// and a list of arguments. Supports multiple listeners for each event.
+template<typename EvtType, typename... Args> class EventEmitter {
+ public:
+  EventEmitterListenerID on(EvtType event, std::function<void(Args...)> listener) {
+    EventEmitterListenerID listener_id = get_next_id_(event);
+    listeners_[event][listener_id] = listener;
+    return listener_id;
+  }
+
+  void off(EvtType event, EventEmitterListenerID id) {
+    if (listeners_.count(event) == 0)
+      return;
+    listeners_[event].erase(id);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void emit_(EvtType event, Args... args) {
+    if (listeners_.count(event) == 0)
+      return;
+    for (const auto &listener : listeners_[event]) {
+      listener.second(args...);
+    }
+  }
+
+  EventEmitterListenerID get_next_id_(EvtType event) {
+    // Check if the map is full
+    if (listeners_[event].size() == std::numeric_limits<EventEmitterListenerID>::max()) {
+      // Raise an error if the map is full
+      raise_event_emitter_full_error();
+      off(event, 0);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    // Get the next ID for the given event.
+    EventEmitterListenerID next_id = (current_id_ + 1) % std::numeric_limits<EventEmitterListenerID>::max();
+    while (listeners_[event].count(next_id) > 0) {
+      next_id = (next_id + 1) % std::numeric_limits<EventEmitterListenerID>::max();
+    }
+    current_id_ = next_id;
+    return current_id_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::unordered_map<EvtType, std::unordered_map<EventEmitterListenerID, std::function<void(Args...)>>> listeners_;
+  EventEmitterListenerID current_id_ = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace event_emitter
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/const.py

@@ -530,6 +530,7 @@ CONF_NETWORKS = "networks"
 CONF_NEW_PASSWORD = "new_password"
 CONF_NITROGEN_DIOXIDE = "nitrogen_dioxide"
 CONF_NOISE_LEVEL = "noise_level"
+CONF_NOTIFY = "notify"
 CONF_NUM_ATTEMPTS = "num_attempts"
 CONF_NUM_CHANNELS = "num_channels"
 CONF_NUM_CHIPS = "num_chips"

tests/components/esp32_ble_server/common.yaml

@@ -1,3 +1,66 @@
 esp32_ble_server:
-  id: ble
+  id: ble_server
   manufacturer_data: [0x72, 0x4, 0x00, 0x23]
+  manufacturer: ESPHome
+  model: Test
+  on_connect:
+    - lambda: |-
+        ESP_LOGD("BLE", "Connection from %d", id);
+  on_disconnect:
+    - lambda: |-
+        ESP_LOGD("BLE", "Disconnection from %d", id);
+  services:
+    - uuid: 2a24b789-7aab-4535-af3e-ee76a35cc12d
+      advertise: false
+      characteristics:
+        - id: test_notify_characteristic
+          description: "Notify characteristic"
+          uuid: cad48e28-7fbe-41cf-bae9-d77a6c233423
+          read: true
+          notify: true
+          value: [1, 2, 3, 4]
+          descriptors:
+            - uuid: cad48e28-7fbe-41cf-bae9-d77a6c111111
+              on_write:
+                logger.log:
+                  format: "Descriptor write id %u, data %s"
+                  args: [id, 'format_hex_pretty(x.data(), x.size()).c_str()']
+              value:
+                data: "123.1"
+                type: float
+                endianness: BIG
+    - uuid: 2a24b789-7a1b-4535-af3e-ee76a35cc42d
+      advertise: false
+      characteristics:
+        - id: test_change_characteristic
+          uuid: 2a24b789-7a1b-4535-af3e-ee76a35cc11c
+          read: true
+          value:
+            data: "Initial"
+            string_encoding: utf-8
+          description: Change characteristic
+          descriptors:
+            - uuid: 0x4414
+              id: test_change_descriptor
+              value: "Initial descriptor value"
+            - uuid: 0x2312
+              value:
+                data: 0x12
+                type: uint16_t
+              on_write:
+                - lambda: |-
+                    ESP_LOGD("BLE", "Descriptor received: %s from %d", std::string(x.begin(), x.end()).c_str(), id);
+        - uuid: 2a24b789-7a1b-4535-af3e-ee76a35cc99a
+          write: true
+          on_write:
+            then:
+              - lambda: |-
+                  ESP_LOGD("BLE", "Characteristic received: %s from %d", std::string(x.begin(), x.end()).c_str(), id);
+              - ble_server.characteristic.set_value:
+                  id: test_change_characteristic
+                  value: !lambda 'return bytebuffer::ByteBuffer::wrap({0x00, 0x01, 0x02}).get_data();'
+              - ble_server.characteristic.notify:
+                  id: test_notify_characteristic
+              - ble_server.descriptor.set_value:
+                  id: test_change_descriptor
+                  value: !lambda return bytebuffer::ByteBuffer::wrap({0x03, 0x04, 0x05}).get_data();