[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/teleinfo/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+uart:
+  - id: uart_teleinfo
+    tx_pin: 4
+    rx_pin: 5
+    baud_rate: 1200
+    parity: EVEN
+
+button:
+  - platform: template
+    name: Poller component suspend test
+    on_press:
+      - component.suspend: test_teleinfo
+      - delay: 20s
+      - component.update: test_teleinfo
+      - delay: 20s
+      - component.resume: test_teleinfo
+      - delay: 20s
+      - component.resume:
+          id: test_teleinfo
+          update_interval: 2s
+      - delay: 20s
+      - component.resume:
+          id: test_teleinfo
+          update_interval: !lambda return 2500;
+
+teleinfo:
+  id: test_teleinfo
+  historical_mode: true
+  update_interval: 60s
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: teleinfo
+    name: hchc
+    tag_name: HCHC
+    teleinfo_id: test_teleinfo
+    unit_of_measurement: Wh
+
+text_sensor:
+  - platform: teleinfo
+    name: optarif
+    tag_name: OPTARIF
+    teleinfo_id: test_teleinfo