[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/tcl112/test.esp32-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+remote_transmitter:
+  pin: 2
+  carrier_duty_percent: 50%
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: tcl112_sensor
+    lambda: "return 21;"
+
+climate:
+  - platform: tcl112
+    name: TCL112 Climate with Sensor
+    supports_heat: true
+    supports_cool: true
+    sensor: tcl112_sensor