[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/rotary_encoder/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: rotary_encoder
+    name: Rotary Encoder
+    id: rotary_encoder1
+    pin_a: 13
+    pin_b: 14
+    pin_reset: 15
+    filters:
+      - or:
+          - debounce: 0.1s
+          - delta: 10
+    resolution: 4
+    min_value: -10
+    max_value: 30
+    on_value:
+      - sensor.rotary_encoder.set_value:
+          id: rotary_encoder1
+          value: 10
+      - sensor.rotary_encoder.set_value:
+          id: rotary_encoder1
+          value: !lambda "return -1;"
+    on_clockwise:
+      - logger.log: Clockwise
+    on_anticlockwise:
+      - logger.log: Anticlockwise