[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/qr_code/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+spi:
+  - id: spi_main_lcd
+    clk_pin: 2
+    mosi_pin: 3
+    miso_pin: 4
+
+display:
+  - platform: ili9xxx
+    id: main_lcd
+    model: ili9342
+    cs_pin: 20
+    dc_pin: 21
+    reset_pin: 22
+    lambda: |-
+      // Draw a QR code in the center of the screen
+      auto scale = 2;
+      auto size = id(homepage_qr).get_size() * scale;
+      auto x = (it.get_width() / 2) - (size / 2);
+      auto y = (it.get_height() / 2) - (size / 2);
+      it.qr_code(x, y, id(homepage_qr), Color(255,255,255), scale);
+
+qr_code:
+  - id: homepage_qr
+    value: https://esphome.io/index.html