[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/pcf8574/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_pcf8563
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+pcf8574:
+  - id: pcf8574_hub
+    address: 0x21
+    pcf8575: false
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: pcf8574_binary_sensor
+    name: PCF Binary Sensor
+    pin:
+      pcf8574: pcf8574_hub
+      number: 1
+      mode: INPUT
+      inverted: true
+
+output:
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: pcf8574_output
+    pin:
+      pcf8574: pcf8574_hub
+      number: 0
+      mode: OUTPUT
+      inverted: false