[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/pcf8563/test.esp32-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    - pcf8563.read_time
+    - pcf8563.write_time
+
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_pcf8563
+    scl: 16
+    sda: 17
+
+time:
+  - platform: pcf8563