[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/pcd8544/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+spi:
+  - id: spi_pcd8544
+    clk_pin: 14
+    mosi_pin: 13
+    miso_pin: 12
+
+display:
+  - platform: pcd8544
+    cs_pin: 15
+    dc_pin: 16
+    reset_pin: 5
+    contrast: 60
+    lambda: |-
+      it.rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height());