[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/partition/test.esp32-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+light:
+  - platform: fastled_clockless
+    id: part_leds
+    chipset: WS2812B
+    pin: 2
+    num_leds: 256
+    rgb_order: GRB
+    default_transition_length: 0s
+    color_correct: [50%, 50%, 50%]
+  - platform: partition
+    name: Partition Light
+    segments:
+      - id: part_leds
+        from: 0
+        to: 0
+      - id: part_leds
+        from: 1
+        to: 10
+      - id: part_leds
+        from: 20
+        to: 25
+      - single_light_id: part_leds