[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/monochromatic/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+output:
+  - platform: esp8266_pwm
+    id: light_output_1
+    pin: 4
+
+light:
+  - platform: monochromatic
+    name: Monochromatic Light
+    id: monochromatic_light
+    output: light_output_1
+    gamma_correct: 2.8
+    default_transition_length: 2s
+    effects:
+      - strobe:
+      - flicker:
+      - flicker:
+          name: My Flicker
+          alpha: 98%
+          intensity: 1.5%
+      - lambda:
+          name: My Custom Effect
+          update_interval: 1s
+          lambda: |-
+            static int state = 0;
+            state += 1;
+            if (state == 4)
+              state = 0;
+      - pulse:
+          transition_length: 10s
+          update_interval: 20s
+          min_brightness: 10%
+          max_brightness: 90%
+      - pulse:
+          name: pulse2
+          transition_length:
+            on_length: 10s
+            off_length: 5s
+          update_interval: 15s
+          min_brightness: 10%
+          max_brightness: 90%