[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/mhz19/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+uart:
+  - id: uart_mhz19
+    tx_pin: 4
+    rx_pin: 5
+    baud_rate: 9600
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: mhz19
+    co2:
+      name: MH-Z19 CO2 Value
+    temperature:
+      name: MH-Z19 Temperature
+    automatic_baseline_calibration: false
+    update_interval: 15s