[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/mcp9600/test.esp32-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_mcp9600
+    scl: 16
+    sda: 17
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: mcp9600
+    thermocouple_type: K
+    hot_junction:
+      name: Thermocouple Temperature
+    cold_junction:
+      name: Ambient Temperature