[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/mcp4728/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_mcp4728
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+mcp4728:
+  - id: mcp4728_dac
+
+output:
+  - platform: mcp4728
+    id: mcp4728_dac_output_a
+    channel: A
+    vref: vdd
+    power_down: normal
+  - platform: mcp4728
+    id: mcp4728_dac_output_b
+    channel: B
+    vref: internal
+    gain: X1
+    power_down: gnd_1k
+  - platform: mcp4728
+    id: mcp4728_dac_output_c
+    channel: C
+    vref: vdd
+    power_down: gnd_100k
+  - platform: mcp4728
+    id: mcp4728_dac_output_d
+    channel: D
+    vref: internal
+    gain: X2
+    power_down: gnd_500k