[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/mcp2515/test.esp32-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+spi:
+  - id: spi_mcp2515
+    clk_pin: 16
+    mosi_pin: 17
+    miso_pin: 15
+
+canbus:
+  - platform: mcp2515
+    id: mcp2515_can
+    cs_pin: 12
+    can_id: 4
+    bit_rate: 50kbps
+    on_frame:
+      - can_id: 500
+        then:
+          - lambda: |-
+              std::string b(x.begin(), x.end());
+              ESP_LOGD("can_id 500", "%s", b.c_str());
+      - can_id: 23
+        then:
+          - if:
+              condition:
+                lambda: "return x[0] == 0x11;"
+              then:
+                logger.log: "x[0] == 0x11"
+      - can_id: 0b00000000000000000000001000000
+        can_id_mask: 0b11111000000000011111111000000
+        use_extended_id: true
+        then:
+          - lambda: |-
+              auto pdo_id = can_id >> 14;
+              switch (pdo_id)
+              {
+                case 117:
+                  ESP_LOGD("canbus", "exhaust_fan_duty");
+                  break;
+                case 118:
+                  ESP_LOGD("canbus", "supply_fan_duty");
+                  break;
+                case 119:
+                  ESP_LOGD("canbus", "supply_fan_flow");
+                  break;
+                // to be continued...
+              }