[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/mcp23017/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_mcp23017
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+mcp23017:
+  id: mcp23017_hub
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: mcp23017_binary_sensor
+    pin:
+      mcp23xxx: mcp23017_hub
+      number: 0
+      mode: INPUT
+
+switch:
+  - platform: gpio
+    id: mcp23017_switch
+    pin:
+      mcp23xxx: mcp23017_hub
+      number: 1
+      mode: OUTPUT