[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/max44009/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_max44009
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: max44009
+    name: MAX44009 Brightness
+    internal: true
+    mode: low_power
+    address: 0x4A
+    update_interval: 30s