[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/matrix_keypad/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: matrix_keypad
+    id: key4
+    row: 1
+    col: 1
+  - platform: matrix_keypad
+    id: key1
+    key: 1
+
+matrix_keypad:
+  id: keypad
+  rows:
+    - pin: 12
+    - pin: 13
+  columns:
+    - pin: 14
+    - pin: 15
+  keys: "1234"
+  has_pulldowns: true