[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/lcd_gpio/test.esp32-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+display:
+  - platform: lcd_gpio
+    id: my_lcd_gpio
+    dimensions: 18x4
+    data_pins:
+      - number: 12
+      - number: 13
+      - number: 14
+      - number: 15
+    enable_pin: 16
+    rs_pin: 5
+    lambda: |-
+      it.print("Hello World!");