[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/kmeteriso/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_kmeteriso
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: kmeteriso
+    temperature:
+      name: Outside Temperature
+    internal_temperature:
+      name: Internal Temperature
+    update_interval: 15s