[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/ina226/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_ina226
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: ina226
+    address: 0x40
+    shunt_resistance: 0.1 ohm
+    current:
+      name: INA226 Current
+    power:
+      name: INA226 Power
+    bus_voltage:
+      name: INA226 Bus Voltage
+    shunt_voltage:
+      name: INA226 Shunt Voltage
+    max_current: 3.2A
+    update_interval: 15s