[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/grove_tb6612fng/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - grove_tb6612fng.run:
+          channel: 1
+          speed: 255
+          direction: BACKWARD
+          id: test_motor
+      - grove_tb6612fng.stop:
+          channel: 1
+          id: test_motor
+      - grove_tb6612fng.break:
+          channel: 1
+          id: test_motor
+
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_grove_tb6612fng
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+grove_tb6612fng:
+  id: test_motor
+  address: 0x14