[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/graph/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_graph
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: some_sensor
+
+graph:
+  - id: some_graph
+    sensor: some_sensor
+    duration: 1h
+    width: 100
+    height: 100
+
+display:
+  - platform: ssd1306_i2c
+    id: ssd1306_display
+    model: SSD1306_128X64
+    reset_pin: 3
+    pages:
+      - id: page1
+        lambda: |-
+          it.rectangle(0, 0, it.get_width(), it.get_height());