[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/fingerprint_grow/test.esp32-c3-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - fingerprint_grow.enroll:
+          finger_id: 2
+          num_scans: 2
+      - fingerprint_grow.cancel_enroll:
+      - fingerprint_grow.delete:
+          finger_id: 2
+      - fingerprint_grow.delete_all:
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_fingerprint_grow
+    tx_pin: 4
+    rx_pin: 5
+    baud_rate: 57600
+
+fingerprint_grow:
+  sensing_pin: 6
+  password: 0x12FE37DC
+  new_password: 0xA65B9840
+  on_finger_scan_start:
+    - logger.log: test_fingerprint_grow_finger_scan_start
+  on_finger_scan_invalid:
+    - logger.log: test_fingerprint_grow_finger_scan_invalid
+  on_finger_scan_matched:
+    - logger.log: test_fingerprint_grow_finger_scan_matched
+  on_finger_scan_unmatched:
+    - logger.log: test_fingerprint_grow_finger_scan_unmatched
+  on_finger_scan_misplaced:
+    - logger.log: test_fingerprint_grow_finger_scan_misplaced
+  on_enrollment_scan:
+    - logger.log: test_fingerprint_grow_enrollment_scan
+  on_enrollment_done:
+    - logger.log: test_fingerprint_grow_node_enrollment_done
+  on_enrollment_failed:
+    - logger.log: test_fingerprint_grow_enrollment_failed
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: fingerprint_grow
+    name: Fingerprint Enrolling
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: fingerprint_grow
+    fingerprint_count:
+      name: Fingerprint Count
+    status:
+      name: Fingerprint Status
+    capacity:
+      name: Fingerprint Capacity
+    security_level:
+      name: Fingerprint Security Level
+    last_finger_id:
+      name: Fingerprint Last Finger ID
+    last_confidence:
+      name: Fingerprint Last Confidence