[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/dps310/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_dps310
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: dps310
+    temperature:
+      name: DPS310 Temperature
+    pressure:
+      name: DPS310 Pressure
+    address: 0x77