[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/ct_clamp/test.esp32-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+sensor:
+  - platform: adc
+    id: esp_adc_sensor
+    pin: 39
+  - platform: ct_clamp
+    sensor: esp_adc_sensor
+    name: CT Clamp
+    sample_duration: 500ms
+    update_interval: 5s