[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/bmp280/test.esp32-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_bmp280
+    scl: 16
+    sda: 17
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: bmp280
+    address: 0x77
+    temperature:
+      name: Outside Temperature
+      oversampling: 16x
+    pressure:
+      name: Outside Pressure
+    iir_filter: 16x
+    update_interval: 15s