[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/bmp085/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_bmp085
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: bmp085
+    temperature:
+      name: Outside Temperature
+    pressure:
+      name: Outside Pressure
+      filters:
+        - lambda: >-
+            return x / powf(1.0 - (x / 44330.0), 5.255);
+    update_interval: 15s