[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/at581x/test.esp8266-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+esphome:
+  on_boot:
+    then:
+      - at581x.settings:
+          id: "Waveradar"
+          hw_frontend_reset: false
+          frequency: 5800MHz
+          sensing_distance: 200
+          poweron_selfcheck_time: 2s
+          protect_time: 1s
+          trigger_base: 500ms
+          trigger_keep: 10s
+          stage_gain: 3
+          power_consumption: 70uA
+      - at581x.reset:
+          id: "Waveradar"
+
+at581x:
+  id: "Waveradar"
+  i2c_id: i2c_bus
+
+i2c:
+  sda: 14
+  scl: 15
+  scan: true
+  frequency: 100kHz
+  setup_priority: -100
+  id: i2c_bus
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: gpio
+    pin: GPIO4
+    name: "Radar motion"
+
+switch:
+  - platform: at581x
+    at581x_id: "Waveradar"
+    name: "Enable Radar"