[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/as3935_i2c/test.esp32-c3-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+i2c:
+  - id: i2c_as3935
+    scl: 5
+    sda: 4
+
+as3935_i2c:
+  irq_pin: 6
+
+binary_sensor:
+  - platform: as3935
+    name: Storm Alert
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: as3935
+    lightning_energy:
+      name: Lightning Energy
+    distance:
+      name: Distance Storm