[CI] Introduce testing for IDF 5 (and other arbitrary framework versions) (#6802)

* Initial changes to support testing of additional framework versions

* Rename Arduino test files

tests/components/a4988/test.rp2040-ard.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+stepper:
+  - platform: a4988
+    id: a4988_stepper
+    step_pin:
+      number: 2
+    dir_pin:
+      number: 3
+    sleep_pin:
+      number: 5
+    max_speed: 250 steps/s
+    acceleration: 100 steps/s^2
+    deceleration: 200 steps/s^2