merge

esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     )
     .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
     .extend(esp32_ble_tracker.ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA),
-    esp32_ble_tracker.consume_connection_slots(1, "ble_client"),
+    esp32_ble.consume_connection_slots(1, "ble_client"),
 )
 
 CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID = "ble_client_id"

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/__init__.py

@@ -42,9 +42,7 @@ def validate_connections(config):
             )
     elif config[CONF_ACTIVE]:
         connection_slots: int = config[CONF_CONNECTION_SLOTS]
-        esp32_ble_tracker.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(
+        esp32_ble.consume_connection_slots(connection_slots, "bluetooth_proxy")(config)
-            config
-        )
 
         return {
             **config,
@@ -65,11 +63,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     default=DEFAULT_CONNECTION_SLOTS,
                 ): cv.All(
                     cv.positive_int,
-                    cv.Range(min=1, max=esp32_ble_tracker.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS),
+                    cv.Range(min=1, max=esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS),
                 ),
                 cv.Optional(CONF_CONNECTIONS): cv.All(
                     cv.ensure_list(CONNECTION_SCHEMA),
-                    cv.Length(min=1, max=esp32_ble_tracker.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS),
+                    cv.Length(min=1, max=esp32_ble.IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS),
                 ),
             }
         )

esphome/components/esp32_ble/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
+from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
 from enum import Enum
+import logging
 import re
+from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
@@ -9,16 +12,19 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ENABLE_ON_BOOT,
     CONF_ESPHOME,
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
     CONF_NAME,
     CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX,
 )
-from esphome.core import TimePeriod
+from esphome.core import CORE, TimePeriod
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz", "@Rapsssito", "@bdraco"]
 DOMAIN = "esp32_ble"
 
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 class BTLoggers(Enum):
     """Bluetooth logger categories available in ESP-IDF.
@@ -127,6 +133,28 @@ CONF_DISABLE_BT_LOGS = "disable_bt_logs"
 CONF_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = "connection_timeout"
 CONF_MAX_NOTIFICATIONS = "max_notifications"
 
+# BLE connection limits
+# ESP-IDF CONFIG_BT_ACL_CONNECTIONS has range 1-9, default 4
+# Total instances: 10 (ADV + SCAN + connections)
+# - ADV only: up to 9 connections
+# - SCAN only: up to 9 connections
+# - ADV + SCAN: up to 8 connections
+DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 3
+IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 9
+
+# Connection slot tracking keys
+KEY_ESP32_BLE = "esp32_ble"
+KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS = "used_connection_slots"
+
+# Export for use by other components (bluetooth_proxy, etc.)
+__all__ = [
+    "DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS",
+    "IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS",
+    "KEY_ESP32_BLE",
+    "KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS",
+    "consume_connection_slots",
+]
+
 NO_BLUETOOTH_VARIANTS = [const.VARIANT_ESP32S2]
 
 esp32_ble_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32_ble")
@@ -183,6 +211,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
             cv.positive_int,
             cv.Range(min=1, max=64),
         ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS, default=DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS): cv.All(
+            cv.positive_int, cv.Range(min=1, max=IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
+        ),
     }
 ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
 
@@ -230,6 +261,56 @@ def validate_variant(_):
         raise cv.Invalid(f"{variant} does not support Bluetooth")
 
 
+def consume_connection_slots(
+    value: int, consumer: str
+) -> Callable[[MutableMapping], MutableMapping]:
+    """Reserve BLE connection slots for a component.
+
+    Args:
+        value: Number of connection slots to reserve
+        consumer: Name of the component consuming the slots
+
+    Returns:
+        A validator function that records the slot usage
+    """
+
+    def _consume_connection_slots(config: MutableMapping) -> MutableMapping:
+        data: dict[str, Any] = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ESP32_BLE, {})
+        slots: list[str] = data.setdefault(KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS, [])
+        slots.extend([consumer] * value)
+        return config
+
+    return _consume_connection_slots
+
+
+def validate_connection_slots(max_connections: int) -> None:
+    """Validate that BLE connection slots don't exceed the configured maximum."""
+    ble_data = CORE.data.get(KEY_ESP32_BLE, {})
+    used_slots = ble_data.get(KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS, [])
+    num_used = len(used_slots)
+
+    if num_used <= max_connections:
+        return
+
+    slot_users = ", ".join(used_slots)
+
+    if num_used > IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"BLE components require {num_used} connection slots but maximum is {IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS}. "
+            f"Reduce the number of BLE clients. Components: {slot_users}"
+        )
+
+    _LOGGER.warning(
+        "BLE components require %d connection slot(s) but only %d configured. "
+        "Please set 'max_connections: %d' in the 'esp32_ble' component. "
+        "Components: %s",
+        num_used,
+        max_connections,
+        num_used,
+        slot_users,
+    )
+
+
 def final_validation(config):
     validate_variant(config)
     if (name := config.get(CONF_NAME)) is not None:
@@ -245,6 +326,10 @@ def final_validation(config):
     # Set GATT Client/Server sdkconfig options based on which components are loaded
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
 
+    # Validate connection slots usage
+    max_connections = config.get(CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS, DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
+    validate_connection_slots(max_connections)
+
     # Check if BLE Server is needed
     has_ble_server = "esp32_ble_server" in full_config
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTS_ENABLE", has_ble_server)
@@ -255,6 +340,26 @@ def final_validation(config):
     )
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_GATTC_ENABLE", has_ble_client)
 
+    # Handle max_connections: check for deprecated location in esp32_ble_tracker
+    max_connections = config.get(CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS, DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
+
+    # Use value from tracker if esp32_ble doesn't have it explicitly set (backward compat)
+    if "esp32_ble_tracker" in full_config:
+        tracker_config = full_config["esp32_ble_tracker"]
+        if "max_connections" in tracker_config and CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS not in config:
+            max_connections = tracker_config["max_connections"]
+
+    # Set CONFIG_BT_ACL_CONNECTIONS to the maximum connections needed + 1 for ADV/SCAN
+    # This is the Bluedroid host stack total instance limit (range 1-9, default 4)
+    # Total instances = ADV/SCAN (1) + connection slots (max_connections)
+    # Shared between client (tracker/ble_client) and server
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ACL_CONNECTIONS", max_connections + 1)
+
+    # Set controller-specific max connections for ESP32 (classic)
+    # CONFIG_BTDM_CTRL_BLE_MAX_CONN is ESP32-specific controller limit (just connections, not ADV/SCAN)
+    # For newer chips (C3/S3/etc), different configs are used automatically
+    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BTDM_CTRL_BLE_MAX_CONN", max_connections)
+
     return config
 
 
@@ -270,6 +375,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_name(name))
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
+    # Define max connections for use in C++ code (e.g., ble_server.h)
+    max_connections = config.get(CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS, DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS)
+    cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_MAX_CONNECTIONS", max_connections)
+
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ENABLED", True)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_BLE_42_FEATURES_SUPPORTED", True)
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_characteristic.cpp

@@ -49,7 +49,11 @@ void BLECharacteristic::notify() {
       this->service_->get_server()->get_connected_client_count() == 0)
     return;
 
-  for (auto &client : this->service_->get_server()->get_clients()) {
+  const uint16_t *clients = this->service_->get_server()->get_clients();
+  uint8_t client_count = this->service_->get_server()->get_client_count();
+
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < client_count; i++) {
+    uint16_t client = clients[i];
     size_t length = this->value_.size();
     // Find the client in the list of clients to notify
     auto *entry = this->find_client_in_notify_list_(client);

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.cpp

@@ -185,9 +185,35 @@ void BLEServer::gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t ga
   }
 }
 
+int8_t BLEServer::find_client_index_(uint16_t conn_id) const {
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < this->client_count_; i++) {
+    if (this->clients_[i] == conn_id)
+      return i;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+void BLEServer::add_client_(uint16_t conn_id) {
+  // Check if already in list
+  if (this->find_client_index_(conn_id) >= 0)
+    return;
+  // Add if there's space
+  if (this->client_count_ < USE_ESP32_BLE_MAX_CONNECTIONS) {
+    this->clients_[this->client_count_++] = conn_id;
+  }
+}
+
+void BLEServer::remove_client_(uint16_t conn_id) {
+  int8_t index = this->find_client_index_(conn_id);
+  if (index >= 0) {
+    // Replace with last element and decrement count
+    this->clients_[index] = this->clients_[--this->client_count_];
+  }
+}
+
 void BLEServer::ble_before_disabled_event_handler() {
   // Delete all clients
-  this->clients_.clear();
+  this->client_count_ = 0;
   // Delete all services
   for (auto &entry : this->services_) {
     entry.service->do_delete();

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server.h

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 #include <unordered_map>
-#include <unordered_set>
 #include <functional>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
@@ -47,8 +46,9 @@ class BLEServer : public Component, public GATTsEventHandler, public BLEStatusEv
   void set_device_information_service(BLEService *service) { this->device_information_service_ = service; }
 
   esp_gatt_if_t get_gatts_if() { return this->gatts_if_; }
-  uint32_t get_connected_client_count() { return this->clients_.size(); }
+  uint32_t get_connected_client_count() { return this->client_count_; }
-  const std::unordered_set<uint16_t> &get_clients() { return this->clients_; }
+  const uint16_t *get_clients() const { return this->clients_; }
+  uint8_t get_client_count() const { return this->client_count_; }
 
   void gatts_event_handler(esp_gatts_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if,
                            esp_ble_gatts_cb_param_t *param) override;
@@ -82,8 +82,9 @@ class BLEServer : public Component, public GATTsEventHandler, public BLEStatusEv
 
   void restart_advertising_();
 
-  void add_client_(uint16_t conn_id) { this->clients_.insert(conn_id); }
+  int8_t find_client_index_(uint16_t conn_id) const;
-  void remove_client_(uint16_t conn_id) { this->clients_.erase(conn_id); }
+  void add_client_(uint16_t conn_id);
+  void remove_client_(uint16_t conn_id);
   void dispatch_callbacks_(CallbackType type, uint16_t conn_id);
 
   std::vector<CallbackEntry> callbacks_;
@@ -92,7 +93,8 @@ class BLEServer : public Component, public GATTsEventHandler, public BLEStatusEv
   esp_gatt_if_t gatts_if_{0};
   bool registered_{false};
 
-  std::unordered_set<uint16_t> clients_;
+  uint16_t clients_[USE_ESP32_BLE_MAX_CONNECTIONS]{};
+  uint8_t client_count_{0};
   std::vector<ServiceEntry> services_{};
   std::vector<BLEService *> services_to_start_{};
   BLEService *device_information_service_{};

esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/__init__.py

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
 import logging
-from typing import Any
 
 from esphome import automation
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import esp32_ble
 from esphome.components.esp32 import add_idf_sdkconfig_option
 from esphome.components.esp32_ble import (
+    DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
+    IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
     BTLoggers,
     bt_uuid,
     bt_uuid16_format,
@@ -39,18 +39,12 @@ AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["esp32"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@bdraco"]
 
-KEY_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER = "esp32_ble_tracker"
-KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS = "used_connection_slots"
-
 CONF_ESP32_BLE_ID = "esp32_ble_id"
 CONF_SCAN_PARAMETERS = "scan_parameters"
 CONF_WINDOW = "window"
 CONF_ON_SCAN_END = "on_scan_end"
 CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE = "software_coexistence"
 
-DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 3
-IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS = 9
-
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -128,6 +122,15 @@ def validate_scan_parameters(config):
     return config
 
 
+def validate_max_connections_deprecated(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    if CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS in config:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "The 'max_connections' option in 'esp32_ble_tracker' is deprecated. "
+            "Please move it to the 'esp32_ble' component instead."
+        )
+    return config
+
+
 def as_hex(value):
     return cg.RawExpression(f"0x{value}ULL")
 
@@ -150,18 +153,6 @@ def as_reversed_hex_array(value):
     )
 
 
-def consume_connection_slots(
-    value: int, consumer: str
-) -> Callable[[MutableMapping], MutableMapping]:
-    def _consume_connection_slots(config: MutableMapping) -> MutableMapping:
-        data: dict[str, Any] = CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER, {})
-        slots: list[str] = data.setdefault(KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS, [])
-        slots.extend([consumer] * value)
-        return config
-
-    return _consume_connection_slots
-
-
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     cv.Schema(
         {
@@ -224,48 +215,11 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             cv.OnlyWith(CONF_SOFTWARE_COEXISTENCE, "wifi", default=True): bool,
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
+    validate_max_connections_deprecated,
 )
 
 
-def validate_remaining_connections(config):
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = esp32_ble.validate_variant
-    data: dict[str, Any] = CORE.data.get(KEY_ESP32_BLE_TRACKER, {})
-    slots: list[str] = data.get(KEY_USED_CONNECTION_SLOTS, [])
-    used_slots = len(slots)
-    if used_slots <= config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS]:
-        return config
-    slot_users = ", ".join(slots)
-
-    if used_slots < IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS:
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            "esp32_ble_tracker exceeded `%s`: components attempted to consume %d "
-            "connection slot(s) out of available configured maximum %d connection "
-            "slot(s); The system automatically increased `%s` to %d to match the "
-            "number of used connection slot(s) by components: %s.",
-            CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
-            used_slots,
-            config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS],
-            CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS,
-            used_slots,
-            slot_users,
-        )
-        config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS] = used_slots
-        return config
-
-    msg = (
-        f"esp32_ble_tracker exceeded `{CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS}`: "
-        f"components attempted to consume {used_slots} connection slot(s) "
-        f"out of available configured maximum {config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS]} "
-        f"connection slot(s); Decrease the number of BLE clients ({slot_users})"
-    )
-    if config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS] < IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS:
-        msg += f" or increase {CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS}` to {used_slots}"
-    msg += f" to stay under the {IDF_MAX_CONNECTIONS} connection slot(s) limit."
-    raise cv.Invalid(msg)
-
-
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    validate_remaining_connections, esp32_ble.validate_variant
-)
 
 ESP_BLE_DEVICE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
@@ -345,10 +299,8 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # Match arduino CONFIG_BTU_TASK_STACK_SIZE
     # https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/blob/fd72cf46ad6fc1a6de99c1d83ba8eba17d80a4ee/tools/sdk/esp32/sdkconfig#L1866
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_BTU_TASK_STACK_SIZE", 8192)
-    add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_BT_ACL_CONNECTIONS", 9)
+    # Note: CONFIG_BT_ACL_CONNECTIONS and CONFIG_BTDM_CTRL_BLE_MAX_CONN are now
-    add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+    # configured in esp32_ble component based on max_connections setting
-        "CONFIG_BTDM_CTRL_BLE_MAX_CONN", config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS]
-    )
 
     cg.add_define("USE_OTA_STATE_CALLBACK")  # To be notified when an OTA update starts
     cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_BLE_CLIENT")

esphome/core/defines.h

@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
 #define BLUETOOTH_PROXY_ADVERTISEMENT_BATCH_SIZE 16
 #define USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE
+#define USE_ESP32_BLE_MAX_CONNECTIONS 3
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_CLIENT
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
 #define USE_ESP32_BLE_SERVER