Add runtime_stats component for performance debugging and analysis (#9386)

Co-authored-by: Keith Burzinski <kbx81x@gmail.com>

tests/components/runtime_stats/common.yaml

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+# Test runtime_stats component with default configuration
+runtime_stats:

tests/components/runtime_stats/test.esp32-ard.yaml

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+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/integration/fixtures/runtime_stats.yaml

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+esphome:
+  name: runtime-stats-test
+
+host:
+
+api:
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+  logs:
+    runtime_stats: INFO
+
+runtime_stats:
+  log_interval: 1s
+
+# Add some components that will execute periodically to generate stats
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Sensor 1"
+    id: test_sensor_1
+    lambda: return 42.0;
+    update_interval: 0.1s
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Sensor 2"
+    id: test_sensor_2
+    lambda: return 24.0;
+    update_interval: 0.2s
+
+switch:
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Switch"
+    id: test_switch
+    optimistic: true
+
+interval:
+  - interval: 0.5s
+    then:
+      - switch.toggle: test_switch

tests/integration/test_runtime_stats.py

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+"""Test runtime statistics component."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_runtime_stats(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test runtime stats logs statistics at configured interval and tracks components."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track how many times we see the total stats
+    stats_count = 0
+    first_stats_future = loop.create_future()
+    second_stats_future = loop.create_future()
+
+    # Track component stats
+    component_stats_found = set()
+
+    # Patterns to match - need to handle ANSI color codes and timestamps
+    # The log format is: [HH:MM:SS][color codes][I][tag]: message
+    total_stats_pattern = re.compile(r"Total stats \(since boot\):")
+    # Match component names that may include dots (e.g., template.sensor)
+    component_pattern = re.compile(
+        r"^\[[^\]]+\].*?\s+([\w.]+):\s+count=(\d+),\s+avg=([\d.]+)ms"
+    )
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        """Check log output for runtime stats messages."""
+        nonlocal stats_count
+
+        # Check for total stats line
+        if total_stats_pattern.search(line):
+            stats_count += 1
+
+            if stats_count == 1 and not first_stats_future.done():
+                first_stats_future.set_result(True)
+            elif stats_count == 2 and not second_stats_future.done():
+                second_stats_future.set_result(True)
+
+        # Check for component stats
+        match = component_pattern.match(line)
+        if match:
+            component_name = match.group(1)
+            component_stats_found.add(component_name)
+
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # Verify device is connected
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+
+        # Wait for first "Total stats" log (should happen at 1s)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(first_stats_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("First 'Total stats' log not seen within 5 seconds")
+
+        # Wait for second "Total stats" log (should happen at 2s)
+        try:
+            await asyncio.wait_for(second_stats_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail(f"Second 'Total stats' log not seen. Total seen: {stats_count}")
+
+        # Verify we got at least 2 stats logs
+        assert stats_count >= 2, (
+            f"Expected at least 2 'Total stats' logs, got {stats_count}"
+        )
+
+        # Verify we found stats for our components
+        assert "template.sensor" in component_stats_found, (
+            f"Expected template.sensor stats, found: {component_stats_found}"
+        )
+        assert "template.switch" in component_stats_found, (
+            f"Expected template.switch stats, found: {component_stats_found}"
+        )