Group component tests to reduce CI time (#11134)

tests/test_build_components/common/uart/bk72xx-ard.yaml

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+# Common UART configuration for BK72XX Arduino tests
+# Provides a shared UART bus that components can use
+# Components will auto-use this bus if they don't specify uart_id
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: TX1
+  rx_pin: RX1
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600

tests/test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-ard.yaml

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+# Common UART configuration for ESP32 Arduino tests
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO17
+  rx_pin: GPIO16
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600

tests/test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-c3-ard.yaml

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+# Common UART configuration for ESP32-C3 Arduino tests
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO20
+  rx_pin: GPIO21
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600

tests/test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-c3-idf.yaml

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+# Common UART configuration for ESP32-C3 IDF tests
+# Provides a shared UART bus that components can use
+# Components will auto-use this bus if they don't specify uart_id
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO20
+  rx_pin: GPIO21
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600

tests/test_build_components/common/uart/esp32-idf.yaml

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+# Common UART configuration for ESP32 IDF tests
+# Provides a shared UART bus that components can use
+# Components will auto-use this bus if they don't specify uart_id
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO17
+  rx_pin: GPIO16
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600

tests/test_build_components/common/uart/esp8266-ard.yaml

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+# Common UART configuration for ESP8266 Arduino tests
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO1
+  rx_pin: GPIO3
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600

tests/test_build_components/common/uart/rp2040-ard.yaml

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+# Common UART configuration for RP2040 Arduino tests
+
+substitutions:
+  tx_pin: GPIO0
+  rx_pin: GPIO1
+
+uart:
+  - id: uart_bus
+    tx_pin: ${tx_pin}
+    rx_pin: ${rx_pin}
+    baud_rate: 9600