[wizard] Use API encryption key instead of deprecated password (#13634)

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

esphome/wizard.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+import base64
 from pathlib import Path
 import random
+import secrets
 import string
 from typing import Literal, NotRequired, TypedDict, Unpack
 import unicodedata
@@ -116,7 +118,6 @@ class WizardFileKwargs(TypedDict):
     board: str
     ssid: NotRequired[str]
     psk: NotRequired[str]
-    password: NotRequired[str]
     ota_password: NotRequired[str]
     api_encryption_key: NotRequired[str]
     friendly_name: NotRequired[str]
@@ -144,9 +145,7 @@ def wizard_file(**kwargs: Unpack[WizardFileKwargs]) -> str:
 
     config += API_CONFIG
 
-    # Configure API
-    if "password" in kwargs:
-        config += f'  password: "{kwargs["password"]}"\n'
+    # Configure API encryption
     if "api_encryption_key" in kwargs:
         config += f'  encryption:\n    key: "{kwargs["api_encryption_key"]}"\n'
 
@@ -155,8 +154,6 @@ def wizard_file(**kwargs: Unpack[WizardFileKwargs]) -> str:
     config += "  - platform: esphome\n"
     if "ota_password" in kwargs:
         config += f'    password: "{kwargs["ota_password"]}"'
-    elif "password" in kwargs:
-        config += f'    password: "{kwargs["password"]}"'
 
     # Configuring wifi
     config += "\n\nwifi:\n"
@@ -205,7 +202,6 @@ class WizardWriteKwargs(TypedDict):
     platform: NotRequired[str]
     ssid: NotRequired[str]
     psk: NotRequired[str]
-    password: NotRequired[str]
     ota_password: NotRequired[str]
     api_encryption_key: NotRequired[str]
     friendly_name: NotRequired[str]
@@ -232,7 +228,7 @@ def wizard_write(path: Path, **kwargs: Unpack[WizardWriteKwargs]) -> bool:
     else:  # "basic"
         board = kwargs["board"]
 
-        for key in ("ssid", "psk", "password", "ota_password"):
+        for key in ("ssid", "psk", "ota_password"):
             if key in kwargs:
                 kwargs[key] = sanitize_double_quotes(kwargs[key])
         if "platform" not in kwargs:
@@ -522,26 +518,54 @@ def wizard(path: Path) -> int:
             "Almost there! ESPHome can automatically upload custom firmwares over WiFi "
             "(over the air) and integrates into Home Assistant with a native API."
         )
+        safe_print()
+        sleep(0.5)
+
+        # Generate encryption key (32 bytes, base64 encoded) for secure API communication
+        noise_psk = secrets.token_bytes(32)
+        api_encryption_key = base64.b64encode(noise_psk).decode()
+
         safe_print(
-            f"This can be insecure if you do not trust the WiFi network. Do you want to set a {color(AnsiFore.GREEN, 'password')} for connecting to this ESP?"
+            "For secure API communication, I've generated a random encryption key."
+        )
+        safe_print()
+        safe_print(
+            f"Your {color(AnsiFore.GREEN, 'API encryption key')} is: "
+            f"{color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, api_encryption_key)}"
+        )
+        safe_print()
+        safe_print("You'll need this key when adding the device to Home Assistant.")
+        sleep(1)
+
+        safe_print()
+        safe_print(
+            f"Do you want to set a {color(AnsiFore.GREEN, 'password')} for OTA updates? "
+            "This can be insecure if you do not trust the WiFi network."
         )
         safe_print()
         sleep(0.25)
         safe_print("Press ENTER for no password")
-        password = safe_input(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, "(password): "))
+        ota_password = safe_input(color(AnsiFore.BOLD_WHITE, "(password): "))
     else:
-        ssid, password, psk = "", "", ""
+        ssid, psk = "", ""
+        api_encryption_key = None
+        ota_password = ""
 
-    if not wizard_write(
-        path=path,
-        name=name,
-        platform=platform,
-        board=board,
-        ssid=ssid,
-        psk=psk,
-        password=password,
-        type="basic",
-    ):
+    kwargs = {
+        "path": path,
+        "name": name,
+        "platform": platform,
+        "board": board,
+        "ssid": ssid,
+        "psk": psk,
+        "type": "basic",
+    }
+    if api_encryption_key:
+        kwargs["api_encryption_key"] = api_encryption_key
+    if ota_password:
+        kwargs["ota_password"] = ota_password
+
+    if not wizard_write(**kwargs):
         return 1
 
     safe_print()

tests/unit_tests/test_wizard.py

@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ def default_config() -> dict[str, Any]:
         "board": "esp01_1m",
         "ssid": "test_ssid",
         "psk": "test_psk",
-        "password": "",
     }
 
 
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ def wizard_answers() -> list[str]:
         "nodemcuv2",  # board
         "SSID",  # ssid
         "psk",  # wifi password
-        "ota_pass",  # ota password
+        "",  # ota password (empty for no password)
     ]
 
 
@@ -105,16 +104,35 @@ def test_config_file_should_include_ota_when_password_set(
     default_config: dict[str, Any],
 ):
     """
-    The Over-The-Air update should be enabled when a password is set
+    The Over-The-Air update should be enabled when an OTA password is set
     """
     # Given
-    default_config["password"] = "foo"
+    default_config["ota_password"] = "foo"
 
     # When
     config = wz.wizard_file(**default_config)
 
     # Then
     assert "ota:" in config
+    assert 'password: "foo"' in config
+
+
+def test_config_file_should_include_api_encryption_key(
+    default_config: dict[str, Any],
+):
+    """
+    The API encryption key should be included when set
+    """
+    # Given
+    default_config["api_encryption_key"] = "test_encryption_key_base64=="
+
+    # When
+    config = wz.wizard_file(**default_config)
+
+    # Then
+    assert "api:" in config
+    assert "encryption:" in config
+    assert 'key: "test_encryption_key_base64=="' in config
 
 
 def test_wizard_write_sets_platform(
@@ -556,3 +574,61 @@ def test_wizard_write_protects_existing_config(
     # Then
     assert result is False  # Should return False when file exists
     assert config_file.read_text() == original_content
+
+
+def test_wizard_accepts_ota_password(
+    tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch, wizard_answers: list[str]
+):
+    """
+    The wizard should pass ota_password to wizard_write when the user provides one
+    """
+
+    # Given
+    wizard_answers[5] = "my_ota_password"  # Set OTA password
+    config_file = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    input_mock = MagicMock(side_effect=wizard_answers)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("builtins.input", input_mock)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(wz, "safe_print", lambda t=None, end=None: 0)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(wz, "sleep", lambda _: 0)
+    wizard_write_mock = MagicMock(return_value=True)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(wz, "wizard_write", wizard_write_mock)
+
+    # When
+    retval = wz.wizard(config_file)
+
+    # Then
+    assert retval == 0
+    call_kwargs = wizard_write_mock.call_args.kwargs
+    assert "ota_password" in call_kwargs
+    assert call_kwargs["ota_password"] == "my_ota_password"
+
+
+def test_wizard_accepts_rpipico_board(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch):
+    """
+    The wizard should handle rpipico board which doesn't support WiFi.
+    This tests the branch where api_encryption_key is None.
+    """
+
+    # Given
+    wizard_answers_rp2040 = [
+        "test-node",  # Name of the node
+        "RP2040",  # platform
+        "rpipico",  # board (no WiFi support)
+    ]
+    config_file = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    input_mock = MagicMock(side_effect=wizard_answers_rp2040)
+    monkeypatch.setattr("builtins.input", input_mock)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(wz, "safe_print", lambda t=None, end=None: 0)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(wz, "sleep", lambda _: 0)
+    wizard_write_mock = MagicMock(return_value=True)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(wz, "wizard_write", wizard_write_mock)
+
+    # When
+    retval = wz.wizard(config_file)
+
+    # Then
+    assert retval == 0
+    call_kwargs = wizard_write_mock.call_args.kwargs
+    # rpipico doesn't support WiFi, so no api_encryption_key or ota_password
+    assert "api_encryption_key" not in call_kwargs
+    assert "ota_password" not in call_kwargs